What is hierarchical object-oriented design?
Explain current and emerging object-oriented
software engineering practices and support tools.
Hierarchical Object-Oriented Design (HOOD):
Definition: HOOD is a detailed software design method based on hierarchical decomposition of
a software problem.
Origins: Initially created for the European Space Agency (ESA), HOOD has applications in
diverse domains such as aerospace (Eurofighter Typhoon, Helios 2 Earth Observation ground
control, Ariane 5 on-board computer), ground transportation, and nuclear plants.
Approach:
Hierarchical Decomposition: Breaks down the software design into manageable
hierarchical levels.
Textual and Graphical Representations: Combines both textual descriptions and graphical
diagrams to describe the design.
Current and Emerging Object-Oriented Software Engineering Practices:
Agile Development:
Description: Agile methodologies (e.g., Scrum, Kanban) emphasize iterative
development, collaboration, and flexibility.
Benefits: Faster delivery, adaptability to changing requirements, and improved customer
satisfaction.
Support Tools: Jira, Trello, Azure DevOps.
Microservices Architecture:
Description: Decompose large systems into smaller, independent services.
Benefits: Scalability, maintainability, and ease of deployment.
Support Tools: Kubernetes, Docker, Istio.
Domain-Driven Design (DDD):
Description: Focuses on understanding the domain and modeling software based on it.
Benefits: Improved alignment with business needs, better communication between
stakeholders.
Support Tools: Event Storming, Bounded Contexts.
Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD):
Description: Automate build, test, and deployment processes.
Benefits: Faster feedback reduced manual effort, and reliable releases.
Support Tools: Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, CircleCI.
DevOps Practices:
Description: Collaboration between development and operations teams.
Benefits: Streamlined workflows, faster delivery, and improved quality.
Support Tools: Ansible, Terraform, Prometheus.