Diocesan Schools of Abra

St. Mary’s High School of Pidigan, Abra Inc.

____________________________________________________________________________________
MATHEMATICS 10
QUARTER 4- WEEK 1-2

Name of Student: __________________________________

Grade & Section: __________________
0935-172-4437
Competencies:
a. Illustrates Measures of Central Tendency
b. Calculates Measures of Central Tendency
REVIEW
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
 The frequency distribution is a way of summarizing data by showing the number of
observations that belong in the different categories or classes. You can also refer to this as
grouped data.
 The class interval is the range of values that belong to a certain class or category.
 Class frequency, denoted by f, is the number of observations that belong in a class interval.
 Class limits are the end numbers used to define the class interval. The lower class limit is
the lower end number, whereas the upper class limit is the upper end number.
 Class boundaries are the true class limits. The lower class boundary is halfway between
the lower class limit of the class and the upper class limit of the preceding class. The upper
class boundary is halfway between the upper class limit of the class and the lower class
limit of the next class.
 Class size is the size of the class interval. Class size is equal to upper class boundary of a
class minus upper class boundary of the preceding class.
 Class mark is the midpoint of a class interval. It is the average of the lower class limit and
the upper class limit. Equivalently, it is the average of the lower class boundary and the
upper class boundary of a class interval.
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
 Cumulative Frequency Distribution is used to determine how many observations have
values smaller than or greater than a specified class boundary. It shows the accumulative
frequencies of successive classes, either at the beginning or at the end of the distribution.
 There are two types of cumulative frequency distribution: the less than cumulative
distribution (<cf) and the greater than cumulative frequency distribution (>cf).
 The less than cumulative frequency distribution (<cf) shows the number of observations
with values smaller than or equal to the upper class boundary. The less than cumulative
frequency of the first class is its class frequency. To get the less than cumulative frequency
of the second class, you add the less than cumulative frequency of the first class to the class
frequency of the second class. Again, add the less than cumulative frequency of the second

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 class to the class frequency of the third class to get the less than cumulative frequency of
the third class. Keep repeating this procedure for the rest of the classes. The less than
cumulative frequency of the last class interval must be the same as the total number of
observations.
 The greater than cumulative frequency distribution (>cf) shows the number of
observations with values largen than or equal to the lower class boundary. The greater than
cumulative frequency of the first class interval is the total number of observations. Then,
subtract the frequency of the first class from the greater than cumulative frequency of the
first class to get the greater than cumulative frequency of the second class. Again, subtract
the frequency of the second class from the greater than cumulative frequency of the second
class to get the greater than cumulative frequency of the third class. Repeat this process for
the succeeding classes. The greater than cumulative frequency of the last class must be the
same as the class frequency of the last class.
FIRM UP
The Measures of Central Tendency locate the center of a distribution of measurements. These
number fall somewhere in the center of a set of organized data. The most common of these
measures are the mean, median, and mode.

FOR UNGROUPED DATA

MEAN ( x ) - The mean is the average of the measurements in the data set. There is only one
mean for very data set. The mean is affected by extreme values in the data set. Means are
applicate to numeric data only. The mean is the most stable and reliable measure of central
tendency as it takes into account every item in a set of data. It is most useful for further
computations. The formula is

x=
∑x
n
Where: x = mean
∑ x = sum of sample observation
n = the sample size
MEDIAN ( ~ x )– The median is the value found at the middle when the data are arranged in
an array form from the highest to the lowest. If there are two middles values, the average is
taken. Median is less sensitive to extreme values or outliers. When the distribution is skewed,
meaning there are extremely large or extremely small observation in the data set, the median
is a better measure of center rather than the mean.
MODE¿) – The mode is the value which occurs most often or with the greatest frequency. It
is the simplest measure of central tendency and the easiest to obtain. It is generally used to
describe large data sets and is particularly useful in surveys or elections. It is possible for a
distribution to have no mode or more than one mode. A distribution is said to be bimodal
when it has two mode, trimodal when it has three modes and multimodal when it has four
modes or more than.
Example 1: Eric’s grades are as follows: 87, 86, 90, 91, 88, 87 and 89. Find the following
a. Mean
b. Mode
c. Median

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Solutions: There are 7 grades, so n = 7
a. Mean ¿
∑x
n
91+90+89+ 88+87+ 87+86
=
7
¿ 88.29

b. Mode = 87
The most frequently occurring grade is 87
c. Median = arrange the data in numerical order from highest to lowest.
91+90+89+88+87+87+86.
The middle score is 88
Median = 88
Example 2: As a rookie basketball player, Jeffrey played in 10 of the team’s 12 games. His
scores in each game are as follows: 3, 6, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 9, 10 and 12. Find the following:
a. Mean
b. Mode
c. Median
Solutions: There are 10 scores, so n = 10.
a. Mean ¿
∑x
n
12+ 10+10+9+8+ 6+6+5+ 4 +3
=
10
¿ 7.3
Jeffrey’s average score per game is 7.3.
b. Modes are 6 and 10.
The most frequently occurring scores are 6 and 10. The distribution is bimodal.
c. Arrange the data in numerical order from highest to lowest.
6+8
Median is the average of the middle two data: =7
2
Median = 7
Example 3: The number of faculty members in 5 different colleges are 18, 23, 30, 25 and 26.
Find the (a) mean, (b) median, and (c) mode.
Solutions: n = 5
a. Mean ¿
∑x
n
18+23+25+26+ 30
=
5
¿ 24.4
b. Mode – No mode since there is no frequently occurring in the data.
c. Arrange the data in numerical order from highest to lowest.
18, 23, 25, 26, 30
Median = 25

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 FOR GROUPED DATA
MEAN ( x )
There are two methods on how to solve the mean for grouped data.

A. Using Assumed Mean Method

Example 1: A frequency distribution of the scores in Statistics of Grade 11 HUMSS
students.

x f d fd Solution 1. Using the formula,

35-39 3 3 9
30-34
25-29
5
8
2
1
10
8
x = Am + (∑ )
n
fd
i
20-24 10 0 0 Where:
15-19 4 -1 -4 x = sample mean
10-14 2 -2 -4 Am = assumed mean
5-9 2 -3 -6 ∑fd = summation of the product
n= 34 ∑fd = 13 of the frequency and deviation
i=5 n = sample size
i = interval

1. Select the assumed mean from any of the 7 steps distribution by adding the lower and upper
limits and dividing their sum by (2)
20+24 44
Am = = = 22
2 2
2. Construct the 3rd column (d) for positive and negative deviations.
3. Put zero along d where you select the assumed mean and 1,2,3… above zero and -1, -2, -3
below zero.
4. Multiply the frequency (f) and the deviation (d) considering the signs, and write it in column fd
5. Get the ∑fd algebraically.
Solution:

x = Am + ( )
∑ fd
n
i

=22+( 1334 )5
=22+( )
65
34
= 22+1.91
x = 23.91
B. Midpoint Method
Example 1: A frequency distribution of the scores in Statistics of Grade 11 HUMSS students.

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 x f x' fx' Solution 1. Using the formula,
35-39 3 3 111
7 ∑ fx '
x=
30-34 5 3 160 n
2 Where:
25-29 8 2 216 x = sample mean
7 ∑ fx ' = sum of the products of
20-24 10 2 220 the frequency and the midpoints
2 n = sample size
15-19 4 1 68
7
10-14 2 1 24
2
5-9 2 7 14
n= 34 ∑fx’ =813
Steps in solving for the sample mean using the midpoint method.
1. Get the midpoint for every step distribution by adding the lower and upper limits then
dividing the sum by 2. Place them on column x’ (midpoint).
2. Multiply the values f and x’ place them under the fx’
3. Find ∑ fx ' by adding the values of column fx’ then use the formula
∑ fx ' 813
x= = = 23.91
n 34

MEDIAN ( ~ x)
Example 1: A frequency distribution of the scores in Statistics of Grade 11 HUMSS
students.
x f cf Solution 1. Using the formula,
35-39 3 34

( )
30-34 5 31 n
~ −cf
25-29 8 26 x = L+ 2 i
20-24 10 18 f
15-19 4 8 Where:
10-14 2 4 ~
x = median L = lower limit
5-9 2 2 n
= half sum cf = cumulative frequency
n= 34 2
i=5 n = sample size i = interval
f = frequency where the lower limit is located
Steps in solving for the Median
1. Construct cumulative frequency (cf) by copying the frequency of the last step which is 2.
2. Add the frequency going up, plus 2 +2, equals 4+4…. equals 31 +3 equals 34.
n 34
3. Get the half of . = 17
2 2

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 n
4. Subtract the cumulative frequency (cf) from the sum of . Take note that the cf should not
2
n
exceed then . so 8 is the cf, and the f is 10 one step higher than the cumulative frequency
2
(cf).
5. The L is the true lower limit. Subtract 0.5 from 20, so 20-0.5 = 19.5.
6. Then,
n
L= 19.5 = 17 cf = 8 f = 10 i=5
2

( )
n
~
x = L+ 2
−cf
f
i = 19.5+ ( 17−8
10 ) 5 =19.5+ ( )
45
10
= 19.5 +4.5 = 24

MODE ( ^x )
To get the value of the mode in grouped data, use the formula:
^x = 3~
x - 2x
Where:
x^ = mode
3~x = three times the median
2 x = two times mean
Solution: for the mode under example 1, the frequency distribution of the score in statistics of
34 Grade 11 HUMSS students.

x^ = 3(24) – 2(23.91)
^x = 72 – 47.82
^x = 24.18
Example 2: A frequency distribution of 50 students in Advance Algebra. Find the mean,
median and mode.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Mean, Median and Mode
Measure of
Central Advantages Disadvantages
Tendency
Mean  A single unique value  Not appropriate for skewed
 Representative of all the distribution as it is affected by extreme

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 scores scores or outliers.
 Stable from group to
group
 May be used in further
computations
 Not necessarily representative
 May have more than one value
Mode  Easy to Obtain
 Unstable from group to group
 Cannot be used in further analyses
 More stable from group  Not necessarily representative
Median
to group than the mode  Cannot be used in further analyses.

Diocesan Schools of Abra

St. Mary’s High School of Pidigan, Abra Inc.
MATHEMATICS 10
QUARTER 4- WEEK 1-2

WORKSHEET

Name: __________________________________________
A. Guided Practice (For Ungrouped Data) ANSWER ONLY!!!
1. The cost of a movie in nine theatres was surveyed and the result are as follows, 60, 65, 80,
80, 90, 100, 120, 150, and 180. Find the
(a) mean
(b) mode
(c) median
2. The hourly rates of eight workers are as follows: 50php, 35php, 40php, 45php, 40php, 50php,
60php, 70php. Find the
(a) mean
(b) mode
(c) median

B. Guided Practice (For Grouped Data)

Complete the table: Scores of Grade 11 Humility students in the 4th Periodical Test in
Mathematics.
Find mean, median and mode of the given situation.
X f d fd x' fx' cf
46-50
41-45
36-40

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31-35
26-30
21-25
i= n = ∑fd = ∑fx’ =

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