Semi Detailed Lesson Plan in

INTERNET AND COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS

Pangyan National High School
Grade 7
Section: ______________
Date: ______________

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
1. Pointed out the Computer’s Memory
2. Measure the Computer’s Memory

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Learning the Basics of Computers
Subtopic: IDENTIFY THE TYPES AND PURPOSE OF STORAGE DEVICES
Reference: www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_memory.htm , kb.iu.edu/d/ackw

Materials: Laptop, PC, multimedia projector, Cache Memory, RAM, External/Internal Drive, handouts

III. Procedure:
A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
A.1 Prayer
A.2 Greetings
A.3 Classroom management
A.4 Checking of attendance
A.5 Review of past lesson (The teacher will call student/s to recap the lesson.)

B. ACTIVITY
THE SECRET CODE

1. Group your students into 4-7.

2. Each group will form one line.
3. Prepare a four small pieces of papers where each binary code of 1024 is written as shown below:

00110001 00110000 00110010 00110100

4. Show the papers one by one (starting from paper 1 to 4) to the back person of the group, and he/she must memorize the
written code before he/she deliver the binary code (by means of whispering) to his/her colleague after next to him/her and so
on and so forth until the code delivered to the first person.
5. The said first person will now write the code on the blackboard until the last code is delivered.
6. The first group who write correctly the all codes on the board will declare as a winner.

C. ANALYSIS

When the game is finished, the teacher will now ask the students the following questions:

1. What do you have observed during the game?

2. How Memory is important to you?
3. Do you think that Computer is in need of Memory too? Why?

D. ABSTRACTION

With the use of PowerPoint presentation, the teacher will discuss about the COMPUTER’S MEMORY AND ITS TYPES
and HOW IT IS MEASURED.

COMPUTER’S MEMORY

A MEMORY is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the
computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored. The memory is divided into large number
of small parts called cells. Each location or cell has a unique address, which varies from zero to memory size minus one.
For example, if the computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 * 1024 = 65536 memory locations. The address of these
locations varies from 0 to 65535.

THREE TYPES OF COMPUTER’S MEMORY:

 Cache Memory

 Primary Memory/Main Memory

 Secondary Memory

Cache Memory
Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and
the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU. The parts of data and
programs are transferred from the disk to cache memory by the operating system, from where the CPU can access them.

Primary Memory (Main Memory)

Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently working. It has a limited capacity and
data is lost when power is switched off. It is generally made up of semiconductor device. These memories are not as fast as registers.
The data and instruction required to be processed resides in the main memory. It is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM.

Secondary Memory
This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower than the main memory. These are used for
storing data/information permanently. CPU directly does not access these memories, instead they are accessed via input-output
routines. The contents of secondary memories are first transferred to the main memory, and then the CPU can access it. For example,
disk, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.

HOW DOES COMPUTER’S MEMORY MEASURED?

A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer. A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1, corresponding to
the electrical values of off or on, respectively.

Because bits are so small, you rarely work with information one bit at a time. Bits are usually assembled into a group of eight to form
a byte. A byte contains enough information to store a single ASCII character, like "h".

A kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes, not one thousand bytes as might be expected, because computers use binary (base two) math, instead
of a decimal (base ten) system.
Computer storage and memory is often measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB). A medium-sized novel contains about 1
MB of information. 1 MB is 1,024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576 (1024x1024) bytes, not one million bytes.

Similarly, one 1 GB is 1,024 MB, or 1,073,741,824 (1024x1024x1024) bytes. A terabyte (TB) is 1,024 GB; 1 TB is about the same
amount of information as all of the books in a large library, or roughly 1,610 CDs worth of data. A petabyte (PB) is 1,024 TB. 1 PB
of data, if written on DVDs, would create roughly 223,100 DVDs, i.e., a stack about 878 feet tall, or a stack of CDs a mile high.
Indiana University is now building storage systems capable of holding petabytes of data. An exabyte (EB) is 1,024 PB. A zettabyte
(ZB) is 1,024 EB. Finally, a yottabyte (YB) is 1,024 ZB.

Many hard drive manufacturers use a decimal number system to define amounts of storage space. As a result, 1 MB is defined as one
million bytes, 1 GB is defined as one billion bytes, and so on. Since your computer uses a binary system as mentioned above, you may
notice a discrepancy between your hard drive's published capacity and the capacity acknowledged by your computer. For example, a
hard drive that is said to contain 10 GB of storage space using a decimal system is actually capable of storing 10,000,000,000 bytes.
However, in a binary system, 10 GB is 10,737,418,240 bytes. As a result, instead of acknowledging 10 GB, your computer will
acknowledge 9.31 GB. This is not a malfunction but a matter of different definitions.

We count in base 10 by powers of 10:

101 = 10
102 = 10*10 = 100
103 = 10*10*10 = 1,000
106 = 1,000,000

Computers count by base 2:

21 = 2
22 = 2*2 = 4
23 = 2*2*2 = 8
210 = 1,024
220 = 1,048,576

So in computer jargon, the following units are used:

Unit Equivalent
1 kilobyte (KB) 1,024 bytes
1 megabyte (MB)1,048,576 bytes
1 gigabyte (GB) 1,073,741,824 bytes
1 terabyte (TB) 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
1 petabyte (PB) 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes
E. APPLICATION

Give the following conversion of Computer’s Memory:

1. 2 kilobytes = _____________ bytes

2. 4 megabytes = _____________ bytes
3. 8 gigabytes = _____________ bytes
4. 16 terabytes = _____________ bytes
5. 24 petabytes = _____________ bytes
6. 8,192 kilobytes = _____________megabytes
7. 32, 768 megabytes = _____________ gigabytes
8. 131, 072 gigabytes = _____________ terabytes
9. 262, 144 terabytes = _____________ petabytes
10. 524, 288 patabytes = _____________ exabytes

IV - EVALUATION

Directions: In a ½ crosswise paper, answer the following question:

1. It is the storage space in the computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored?
(Answer: Computer Memory)
2. Type of Computer Memory which is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts as a
buffer between the CPU and the main memory? (Answer: Cache Memory)
3. Type of Computer Memory that holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently working. It
has a limited capacity and data is lost when power is switched off? (Answer: Primary Memory/Main Memory)
4. Type of Computer Memory which is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower than the main memory?
(Answer: Secondary Memory)
5. It is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a computer? (Answer: Bit)
6. – 15. Give the following order of Computer’s Memory according to its sizes:

Terabyte, yottabyte, gigabyte, zettabyte, megabyte,

Exabyte, kilobyte, petabyte, bits, byte

V. ASSIGNMENT:

Directions: In a ½ crosswise paper, answer the following questions;

1. Illustrate and relay the flow of information between storage devices to the microprocessor and RAM

Prepared by:

MICHAEL RAMIN V. ALIDO

Teacher 1