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    Guide #1 Introduction To Psychology

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    Gabriela Gutiérrez
    Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes. It has roots in ancient Greek philosophy and modernized through scientists like Darwin. There are several schools and approaches in psychology including structuralism, which examined the mind's structures through introspection, and functionalism, which focused on how structures function in behavior. Other approaches include psychoanalytic, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology, which examine unconscious processes, observable behavior, free will, and mental processes, respectively. Modern psychology integrates biological, cognitive, and social factors.

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    Guide #1 Introduction To Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Gabriela Gutiérrez
    25 views2 pages
    Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes. It has roots in ancient Greek philosophy and modernized through scientists like Darwin. There are several schools and approaches in psychology including structuralism, which examined the mind's structures through introspection, and functionalism, which focused on how structures function in behavior. Other approaches include psychoanalytic, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology, which examine unconscious processes, observable behavior, free will, and mental processes, respectively. Modern psychology integrates biological, cognitive, and social factors.

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    Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes. It has roots in ancient Greek philosophy and modernized through scientists like Darwin. There are several schools and approaches in psychology including structuralism, which examined the mind's structures through introspection, and functionalism, which focused on how structures function in behavior. Other approaches include psychoanalytic, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology, which examine unconscious processes, observable behavior, free will, and mental processes, respectively. Modern psychology integrates biological, cognitive, and social factors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views2 pages

    Guide #1 Introduction To Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Gabriela Gutiérrez
    Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes. It has roots in ancient Greek philosophy and modernized through scientists like Darwin. There are several schools and approaches in psychology including structuralism, which examined the mind's structures through introspection, and functionalism, which focused on how structures function in behavior. Other approaches include psychoanalytic, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology, which examine unconscious processes, observable behavior, free will, and mental processes, respectively. Modern psychology integrates biological, cognitive, and social factors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Guide Introduction to Psychology

     Psychology: the science of behavior and mental processes.


    Roots
    Plato: believed we are born with ideas and that nature had a role in development.
    Aristotle: believed we acquired ideas and that nurture had a role in development.
    Darwin: human behavior and thinking are subject to scientific inquiry.
    Dorothea Dix: created the first generation of mental asylums that offered a more
    humane treatment to the mentally ill.
    Schools of Psychology
    1. Structuralism: psychological perspective that assembled the mind structure’s into
    simple elements. Its main method was introspection or the examination of one’s own
    thoughts and feelings.
    Wilhelm Wundt: founder of the structuralism movement and the first psychological
    laboratory in Germany. He trained people in introspection.
    G. Stanley Hall: first president of the American Psychology Association (APA).
    Edward Titchener: worked with Wundt and gave its name to structuralism.
    Margaret Floy Washburn: first woman to ever receive a PhD in psychology.
    Introspection: the examination of one’s own thought and feelings while doing a certain
    task. Through this process, basic cognitive structures could be examined.
    2. Functionalism: psychological perspective whose main goal was to explain behavior and
    how the mind works. Heavily influenced by Charles Darwin.
    William James: founder of functionalism. He studied how the structures that Wundt
    identified function in our lives. Wrote the first psychology textbook.
    Mary Whiton Calkins: first woman to be president of the APA. She was a memory
    researcher.
    Approaches of Psychology
    1. Gestalt: tried to examine a person’s total experience than just the accumulation of
    various perceptual experiences.
    Max Wertheimer: argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete
    structures.
    2. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic: was a theory discovered by Sigmund Freud that’s
    mainly focused on the unconscious part of the mind.
    Sigmund Freud: believed that he discovered the unconscious mind, a part of ourselves
    that we have no control over but has a role on what we think and how we behave. He
    also believed that this part of ourselves was built through the repression of events or
    experiences that cause too much anxiety that our conscious mind can’t deal with.
    3. Behaviorism: perspective that maintains that psychologists should only look at behavior
    and causes of behavior (stimuli and responses) and not the elements of the
    consciousness.
    Ivan Pavlov: he worked with classical conditioning through experiments.
    John Watson: he declared that for psychology to be a science, it must limit itself to
    observable phenomena. Studied the pioneering experiments of Pavlov. Did experiments
    that would unethical today.
    B.F. Skinner: he developed the idea of reinforcement, in which environmental stimuli
    can either encourage or discourage certain responses.
    4. Humanistic P.: perspective that resulted from the rejection of the behavioral definition
    of psychology. Humanists stressed individual choice and free will and believed that
    people had a predisposition for “good”. They believed that we choose most of our
    behaviors and these choices are guided by psychological, emotional, or spiritual needs.
    5. Carl Rogers: was a humanist psychologist that stressed individual choice and free will.
    He also worked on client-centered therapy.
    6. Abraham Maslow: he developed the theory of the hierarchy of needs. It’s very
    motivational.
    7. Biological P.: it’s a psychological perspective that chooses to explain behavior and
    thoughts in terms of biological processes: genes, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
    8. Evolutionary: psychological perspective that examines thoughts and behavior in terms
    of natural selection. Psychological traits that are advantageous for survival, will be
    passed down to the next generation.
    9. Cognitive: psychological perspective that explains thoughts and behavior through the
    cognitive processes. In other words, it’s the study of mental processes.
    Jean Piaget: developed the theory of cognitive development which focuses on how our
    cognitions develop as we mature.
    10. Sociocultural: psychological perspective that looks at how thoughts and behaviors vary
    depending on the culture.
    11. Biopsychosocial: psychological perspective that acknowledges that human thinking and
    behavior results from combinations of biological, psychological, and social factors.

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