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    PPT-9C 10

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    Samyak sethi
    This document covers topics about atoms, molecules, ions and their valency, and chemical formulas. It discusses how atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonds to attain stability. Molecules can be monoatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic depending on the number of atoms present. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, forming positively charged cations or negatively charged anions. Chemical formulas are used to represent chemical compounds through shorthand notation, showing the elements present and their relative numbers.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    PPT-9C 10

    Uploaded by

    Samyak sethi
    15 views15 pages
    This document covers topics about atoms, molecules, ions and their valency, and chemical formulas. It discusses how atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonds to attain stability. Molecules can be monoatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic depending on the number of atoms present. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, forming positively charged cations or negatively charged anions. Chemical formulas are used to represent chemical compounds through shorthand notation, showing the elements present and their relative numbers.

    Original Description:

    CHEMISTRY NOTES, CLASS 9 ATOMS AND MOLECULES PART 2

    Original Title

    PPT-9C+10

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    This document covers topics about atoms, molecules, ions and their valency, and chemical formulas. It discusses how atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonds to attain stability. Molecules can be monoatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic depending on the number of atoms present. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, forming positively charged cations or negatively charged anions. Chemical formulas are used to represent chemical compounds through shorthand notation, showing the elements present and their relative numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views15 pages

    PPT-9C 10

    Uploaded by

    Samyak sethi
    This document covers topics about atoms, molecules, ions and their valency, and chemical formulas. It discusses how atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonds to attain stability. Molecules can be monoatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic depending on the number of atoms present. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, forming positively charged cations or negatively charged anions. Chemical formulas are used to represent chemical compounds through shorthand notation, showing the elements present and their relative numbers.

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    of 15

    Chapter-3:

    Atoms and Molecules

    Topics To be covered:
    1) Symbols of elements
    2) Existence of atoms
    3) Ions and their Valency
    4) Chemical formula
    Modern Symbols of the Elements
     Symbols of some elements with same first letter

    Symbols of some elements derived from Latin names


    Modern Symbols of the Elements
     Symbols of some elements derived from English names
    Existence of Atom
     Atoms do not occur independently except the inert gases
    which are quite stable.
    They are found in combined form to attain stability. Two
    different atoms combine together through chemical bond to
    stabilise themselves and form molecule.
    Molecules
     A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of
    two or more atoms which are joined together by attractive
    forces called chemical bond.
    For example, NH3 is a molecule of ammonia. In this
    molecule, three hydrogen atoms are attached with one
    nitrogen atom with the help of chemical bonds.
    Thus, we can say that a molecule is the smallest particle of
    an element or a compound which shows all the properties of
    that substance and can exist freely under ordinary
    conditions.
    Molecule of elements: These are formed when same kind
    of atoms join together to form molecules.
    Atoms & Molecules
    Molecules

    Atomicity: The number of atoms present in a molecule is


    called atomicity.
    Monoatomic: He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe (Noble Gases)
    Diatomic: N2, H2, Cl2, F2, O2, etc.
    Triatomic: O3
    Tetra-atomic: P4
    Polyatomic: S8
    Molecules
    Molecule of compounds: These are formed when different
    kind of atoms join together to form molecules.
    Examples: CO2, CO, NH3, CH4, H2O, HCl, etc.
    Ions and their Valency
     Atoms are made up of small sub-atomic particles called
    electrons, protons and neutrons.
    Electron has 1 unit negative charge while proton has1
    unit positive charge. Normally, atom consists of equal
    number of electrons and protons, that’s why they are
    considered to be neutral.
    When any neutral atom loses electron, it gets positive
    charge and when any neutral atom gains electron, it gets
    negative charge.
    Positively charges ions are called cations and negatively
    charged ions are called anions.

    -
    For example, NaCl is formed from Na+ ions and Cl ions.
    Ions and their Valency
     Some important Cations and Anions
    Cations and Anions
    Chemical Formula
     The shorthand notation or representation of a chemical
    compound is called chemical formula.

     Significance of Chemical formula:


     It tells us about the various elements present
    in the given compound.
    It tells us about the relative number of
    different atoms in the given compound.
    It tells us about the molecular mass of the
    compound.
    Chemical Formula
    Steps for writing Chemical formula:
    Chemical Formula
    Practice Question of Chemical Formula
    1) Copper sulphate
    2) Magnesium nitride
    3) Cupric chloride
    4) Magnesium hydroxide
    5) Calcium sulphide
    6) Ammonium carbonate
    7) Sodium acetate
    8) Potassium permanganate
    9) Sodium nitrite
    10) Barium sulphite
    11) Ammonium chloride

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