Crafting a Literature Review on Database Management Systems: Challenges and Solutions

Embarking on the journey of writing a literature review on Database Management Systems (DBMS)
can be a daunting task for many. It requires a thorough understanding of the subject matter, extensive
research, and impeccable writing skills. From navigating through an abundance of scholarly articles
to synthesizing complex information, the process demands meticulous attention to detail and critical
analysis. Here, we delve into the intricacies of crafting a literature review on DBMS and provide
insights into overcoming the challenges encountered along the way.

1. Navigating Vast Information: DBMS is a multifaceted field encompassing various

concepts, methodologies, and technologies. With a plethora of academic journals, books, and
online resources available, sifting through the vast amount of information can be
overwhelming. Identifying relevant sources and extracting pertinent data is crucial yet time-
consuming.
2. Synthesizing Diverse Perspectives: DBMS literature spans across multiple disciplines,
including computer science, information technology, and management. Integrating diverse
perspectives and synthesizing conflicting viewpoints can pose a significant challenge.
Balancing opposing arguments while maintaining coherence and objectivity requires careful
analysis and critical thinking.
3. Ensuring Depth and Breadth: A comprehensive literature review should encompass both
depth and breadth. It involves delving into seminal works that laid the foundation of DBMS
theory while also exploring recent advancements and emerging trends. Striking the right
balance between historical context and contemporary relevance is essential for providing a
holistic overview of the subject.
4. Maintaining Structure and Flow: Structuring the literature review in a logical and coherent
manner is essential for guiding readers through the narrative. Establishing a clear framework,
organizing key themes, and maintaining a seamless flow of ideas can be challenging.
Ensuring smooth transitions between sections and paragraphs enhances readability and
comprehension.
5. Citing and Referencing: Accurate citation and referencing are integral aspects of academic
writing, ensuring the credibility and integrity of the literature review. Adhering to specific
citation styles such as APA, MLA, or Chicago requires attention to detail and consistency.
Properly attributing sources while avoiding plagiarism is paramount.

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The Cochrane Collaboration recommends PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) at a minimum. Most records are obtained from the bibliographic
databases PubMed and Embase, with additional records from the published and unpublished sources
of CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The
authors compares access to care, for status and risk-taking behaviors between a cohort of students
attending 19 participating schools with a national sample of urban youths. This is the
recommendation of three medical and public health research organizations: the U.S. Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality ( AHRQ ), the U.K. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination ( CRD
), and the International Cochrane Collaboration (Source: Institute of Medicine (2011) Finding What
Works in Healthcare: Standards for Systematic Reviews Table E-1, page 267). Special topics
databases such as CINAHL and PsycINFO should be added if the topic of the review directly
touches the primary focus of a specialized subject database, like CINAHL for focus on nursing and
allied health or PsycINFO for behavioral sciences and mental health. Lastly, access to databases is
often limited and only available on subscription basis. Furthermore, it is time-consuming for
reviewers who have to screen more, and likely irrelevant, titles and abstracts. All these administrative
tasks are facilitated using a single management interface. Many articles written on this topic have
calculated overall recall of several reviews, instead of the effects on all individual reviews. NOT
narrows the search by telling the database to eliminate all terms that follow it from our search results
(this is helpful when we are interested in a specific aspect of a topic or when we want to exclude a
type of article. PubMed includes MEDLINE (records indexed with MeSH terms) but also material in
process, older records from before the inception of MEDLINE, and material from journals not
included in MEDLINE. Similarly, evidence for an association between adiposity and risk of
meningioma was considered strong when case-control studies were included in the evaluation. Also,
while the Scopus and Web of Science assumptions we made might be true for coverage, they are
likely very different when looking at recall, as Scopus does not allow the use of the full features of a
thesaurus. Once optimal recall is achieved, macros are used to translate the search syntaxes between
databases, though manual adaptation of the thesaurus terms is still necessary. Based on these
calculations, we estimate that the probability that this random set of reviews retrieved more than
95% of all possible included references was 40%. We found no association between body database
index and rectal cancer in women. This study found that approximately half of all participating
students who received a prescription at an SBHC did not get the prescription filled. Reporting your
review with PRISMA For PRISMA, there are specific items you will want to report from your
search. There are several databases specific to grey literature that can be searched. Published
examples typically use a single reviewer for data extraction 8 with use of two independent reviewers
being the exception. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include: Your
university’s library catalogue Google Scholar Project Muse (humanities and social sciences) Medline
(life sciences and biomedicine) EconLit (economics) Inspec (physics, engineering and computer
science) You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search. It was developed from
the MeSH with the purpose of permitting the use of common terminology for searching in multiple
languages, and providing a consistent and unique environment for the retrieval of information. Last,
any peer review process should be stated as well as the total number of records identified from each
source and how deduplication was handled. The references to these reviews can be found in
Additional file 1. Disease pattern and chronic illness in rural China: The Hong Kong Red Cross basic
health clinic after 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The images or other third party material in this article
are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to
the material. Studies were not excluded in this updated overview based on methodological quality as
we aimed to reflect the full extent of current research into this topic. Grey Literature Report A bi-
monthly publication of the New York Academy of Medicine, the GLR includes listings of recently
published reports in health science and public health. Factors influencing the implementation of
clinical guidelines for health care professionals: a systematic meta-review. A systematic literature
search was conducted for papers published through July Using Community Guide systematic review
methods, accesses identified, abstracted, and summarized available evidence of the effectiveness of
SBHCs on educational and health-related outcomes.
Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and IBM DB2 dominate the high-end relational DBMS market and
are all reasonable choices for complex and large data systems. For small organizations or home use,
popular DBMSs are Microsoft Access and FileMaker Pro. Choose the best databases for your
research question. The nurse practitioner received high marks for literature to the students and
treating the students with respect. Always combine terms for a single concept inside a parentheses
set. Are multifaceted interventions more effective than single-component interventions in changing
health-care professionals’ behaviours. This is because it ranks results using an algorithm which
includes the frequency with which your keywords appear. Coverage: approx. 6 million items
Discipline: Engineering Provider: IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
ScienceDirect is the gateway to the millions of academic articles published by Elsevier, 1.4 million of
which are open access. Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to
your question. That means a person don’t really have to alter the design, unless of course it is
required to do therefore. Last, any peer review process should be stated as well as the total number
of records identified from each source and how deduplication was handled. Meta-epidemiologic
analysis indicates that MEDLINE searches are sufficient for diagnostic test accuracy systematic
reviews. Currently, the databases LILACS, BBO, BDENF, MEDCARIB, and national databases of
the countries of Latin America are part of the LILACS System. AND narrows a search by telling the
database that all keywords used must be found in the article in order for it to appear in our results.
However, there is a lack of high-quality research evaluating mental health services in the SBHCs and
their effect database children and adolescents. COMMENTS Literature Search: Databases and Gray
Literature See our list of recommended databases and gray literature sources on this page. Data
integration DBMS allows users to gain a centralized view of databases spread across multiple
locations and manage them using a single interface rather than operating them as separate entities.
Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: The Cochrane Collaboration, London,
United Kingdom. 2011. Wright K, Golder S, Lewis-Light K. Students who utilized more expensive
for of services, such as individual counseling and medical services in the health center, also used
other program offerings more frequently. Are all the key ideas, findings and trends presented backed
up by multiple sources. For an rQES a team could use a single reviewer to assess methodological
limitations, with verification of judgements (and support statements) by a second reviewer ( table 2,
item R16). OpenGrey, a former multidisciplinary database of technical reports, meetings,
dissertations, and official publications is now archived in GreyNet. Of all reviews in which we
searched CINAHL and PsycINFO, respectively, for 6 and 9% of the reviews, unique references
were found. Emtree is a hierarchically structured, controlled vocabulary for biomedicine and the
related life sciences. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and
summarizing sources in order. Depending on what your topic is, the volume of currently existing
research may vary. We searched for articles published since the 2011 review. On top of that, DBMS
allows multiple users to collaborate effectively when interacting with the database. This is where
database management systems come into play—by offering a platform to manage databases. You
can access UNC Libraries' full listing of databases on the HSL website (arranged alphabetically or by
subject ). Abbreviations: EM Embase, ML MEDLINE, WoS Web of Science, GS Google Scholar.
Download citation Received: 21 August 2017 Accepted: 24 November 2017 Published: 06
December 2017 DOI: Share this article Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read
this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Searching grey literature
Grey literature typically refers to literature not published in a traditional manner and often not
retrievable through large databases and other popular resources. BMC, the BMC logo, and other
BMC marks are assets of BMC Software, Inc. To really move forwards in addressing the gap
between research evidence and practice, we may need to shift the emphasis away from isolating
individual and multi-faceted interventions to better understanding and building more situated,
relational and organisational capability to support the use of research in clinical practice.
Supplemental materials including additional resources details of our recommendations and practical
examples are provided in online supplemental appendices A and B. During the selection process, we
included studies that looked explicitly at interventions designed to turn research evidence into
practice. Performance of a search can be expressed in different ways. For example, if you are
conducting a literature review for a background section, less research would be needed than if you
were writing a solo literature review. The images or other third party material in this article are
included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the
material. You will also have to complete a search of the grey literature and complete additional hand
searches. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. In a review, the author has
selected the most important primary articles and given an overview of the key developments on a
topic. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2005;11(6):S128-31. Calhoun JG, Rowney R, Eng E, Hoffman Y.
Using data sources beyond PubMed has a modest impact on the results of systematic reviews of
therapeutic interventions. Largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature and
quality web sources. A case study using a systematic review of frozen shoulder management.
Librarians are available to provide support with this step of the process. When is audit and feedback
effective in dementia care. It is a tool for organizing and representing information in a hierarchical
and interconnected manner. We found the associations between body mass index in adults or at
around age 20, waist circumference, weight, and weight gain and access endometrial cancer, and
between body mass index and postmenopausal type I and II endometrial literature to be highly
suggestive owing to substantial heterogeneity access studies and potential for excess significance
bias. To our surprise, Cochrane CENTRAL did not identify any unique included studies that had not
been retrieved by the other databases, not even for the five reviews focusing entirely on RCTs. A
database management system manages all primary aspects of a database, including managing data
manipulation, user authentication, and inserting or extracting data. The authors declare that they have
no competing interests. In-text citations are key to a good literature review. The association between
body mass index and colon cancer was supported by strong evidence in men for suggestive evidence
in women. They can provide a useful overview of the research which has been carried out up until
the time that the book was written. For example: Look at what results have emerged in qualitative
versus quantitative research Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus
theoretical scholarship Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources
Theoretical A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework. Cochrane
CENTRAL is absent from the table, as for the five reviews limited to randomized trials, it did not
add any unique included references. Summary If you are planning to get started on a new project or
perhaps you are only searching for a collection of great templates for future use, the themes on this
wide list makes the perfect choice of equipment for you. The Canadian Agency for Drugs and
Technologies in Health (CADTH) feels your pain and has produced a checklist that might help guide
your grey research.
Take notes and cite your sources As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Please note
as of August 2021 ISI are linking to a new version of JCR that currently does not have the
particularly helpful 'Browse by Category' link working, so I recommend you click the Products link
in the top right corner and select Journal Citation Reports (Classic) to switch back to the old version
to get that functionality back. They can even move these backups to third-party locations such as
cloud storage for safekeeping. Does your introduction clearly convey the purpose of the literature
review. AB, JB and AF performed result synthesis and contributed to the analyses. Table 1 shows the
summary profile of the responding agencies. Because of this major limitation, the question of which
databases are necessary to retrieve all relevant references for a systematic review remains
unanswered. Search EMBASE (or Scopus) and the Cochrane Central trials register using
appropriately reformatted search versions for those databases, and any other online resources. In
both these reviews, the topic was highly related to the topic of the database. The results found no
school-level effects of SBHC type on student health outcomes. A literature review is a survey of
credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations, theses, and research papers. Published
examples typically use a single reviewer for data extraction 8 with use of two independent reviewers
being the exception. The aim of our research is to determine the combination of databases needed for
systematic review searches to provide efficient results (i.e., to minimize the burden for the
investigators without reducing the validity of the research by missing relevant references). Factors
Playing a Role in What You Choose Factors playing a role in what you choose include: Availability
and Accessibility Relevance of the Literature Volume of Currently Existing Research Your Own
Resources Your Goals, Audience, and Format Some sources are freely available, while others are
only available with a subscription. If an included reference was not found in the EndNote file, we
presumed the authors used an alternative method of identifying the reference (e.g., examining cited
references, contacting prominent authors, or searching gray literature), and we did not include it in
our analysis. Medical savings alone would not offset the expense of implementing an SBHC program
for prevention and access childhood asthma. Supplementary resources to search Other member of
your investigative team may have ideas about databases, websites, and journals they think you
should search. Communication, 4. Teamwork, 5. Building and promoting partnerships, and 6.
Leadership. By comparison, none of the 15 competency models and curricula identified in the
literature review and survey included the area of “moving forward in a changing environment,” and
only one curriculum covered “teamwork” (Fig. 2, Supplementary file 3 d). “Leadership” was only
included in three of the 15 competency models and curricula. As a result, the findings often do not
make it into the subsequent systematic reviews. OR is used to combine search terms for the same
concept (i.e., influenza vaccine). However, seven items were less frequently included as required
competencies for frontline workers ( Curricula from the literature review and survey The majority of
the nine identified curricula were from the US. Avoid making uncited or overly generalized claims. If
you feel a generalization is warranted, you must follow it up with multiple, specific examples to
justify such generalization. The effectiveness of implementation strategies for promoting evidence
informed interventions in allied healthcare: a systematic review. Consistent with the previous review,
four main strategy types were identified: audit and feedback; computerised decision support; opinion
leaders; and multi-faceted interventions (MFIs). We excluded papers based purely on military
settings or on training for a single type of clinical procedure or surgery, papers focusing on research
methodologies, as well as conference abstracts and papers where full-text versions were not available
at the university library systems in Hong Kong or Japan. Finding journal articles There are different
types of journal articles. Existing approaches to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
(CBRN) education and training for health professionals: findings from an integrative literature
review. Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies, and
debates found in academic literature. Based on our findings, this combination achieves acceptable
recall about half the time (47%). Include an objective topical sentence that introduces your readers to
the purpose of that paragraph.
Most competency models encompassed technical competencies on disaster preparedness and
response, but fewer included technical competencies on recovery. It would be helpful for systematic
reviews, at the very least, to include more detail about the interventions and their implementation in
terms of how and why they worked. Enhancing health workforce capacity and competencies has
long been an international goal in disaster risk reduction. Ethical approval was obtained from The
Chinese University of Hong Kong Survey and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee. Always
combine terms for a single concept inside a parentheses set. Open access to 700,000 references to the
grey literature. That means a person don’t really have to alter the design, unless of course it is
required to do therefore. What should the African health workforce know about disasters. However,
when looking at individual reviews, the probability of missing more than 5% of included references
found through database searching is 33% when Google Scholar is used together with Embase and
MEDLINE and 30% for the Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE combination. This means that
the results that are presented depend on the methods used to measure, report, and synthesise them.
Data utilities In addition to all the above, most DBMS software comes with additional inbuilt
utilities to provide functionality such as: Data integrity checks Backup and restore Simple database
repair Data validations Etc. The content is in the Scopus database that you can search using
keywords, but it is not possible to perform an EMTREE theasaurus search in Scopus. AND 3.
Cochrane Central Trials Register (or Cochrane Library ). The Grey Matters checklist provides an
organized source of health technology assessment sites, regulatory agencies, trial registries, and other
databases in a form that can help ensure the completeness of you search. Open Google Slides
Download PowerPoint If you want to know more about the research process, methodology, research
bias, or statistics, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the
field. It is not simple to come byhigh-qualityy templates for free, but we gives you the freewill in
order to get these design template at any time of the day time or night, and they are free, for a
lifetime. A proper DBMS must support one or multiple query languages and language dialects. We
recommend that, regardless of their topic, searches for biomedical systematic reviews should
combine Embase, MEDLINE (including electronic publications ahead of print), Web of Science
(Core Collection), and Google Scholar (the 200 first relevant references) at minimum. This is the
recommendation of three medical and public health research organizations: the U.S. Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality ( AHRQ ), the U.K. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination ( CRD
), and the International Cochrane Collaboration (Source: Institute of Medicine (2011) Finding What
Works in Healthcare: Standards for Systematic Reviews Table E-1, page 267). Other databases that
we identified as essential for good recall were searched much less frequently; Embase was searched
in 61% and Web of Science in 35%, and Google Scholar was only used in 10% of all reviews. To
analyze the cost of the Baltimore Pregnancy Prevention Program for Urban Teenagers literature
respect to age, gender, and services received. This landscape informs the reader that the author has
indeed assimilated all (or the vast majority of) previous, significant works in the field into her or his
research. The query processor interprets the queries of users and makes them actionable commands
that can be understood by the database to perform the appropriate functionality. How does the
publication relate to other literature in the field. More likely than not, you will be looking for trusted
resources, most likely peer-reviewed research articles. The only proofreading tool specialized in
correcting academic writing - try for free. Web of Science - Core Collection The leading citation
index' of scholarly literature, chemical reactions and author information. Regarding the priorities for
research, the respondents’ personal background and experience could have affected the responses. Its
main resource is the Web of Science Core Collection which includes over 1 billion cited references
dating back to 1900, indexed from 21,100 peer-reviewed journals, including Open Access journals,
books and proceedings. CINAHL Plus Comprehensive journal index to nursing and allied health
literature, includes books, nursing dissertations, conference proceedings, practice standards and book
chapters.
You can document search strategies in word processing software you are familiar with like Microsoft
Word or Excel, or Google Docs or Sheets. What value is the CINAHL database when searching for
systematic reviews of qualitative studies? Syst Rev. 2015;4:104. Article PubMed PubMed Central
Google Scholar Wilkins T, Gillies RA, Davies K. Beginning in May 2013, the number of records
retrieved from each search for each database was recorded at the moment of searching. Three
databases alone does not complete the search standards for systematic review requirements as you
will also have additional searches of the grey literature and hand searches to complete. There are no
restrictions on providing a few templates for private projects. Ripoll-Gallardo A, Ragazzoni L,
Mazzanti E, Meneghetti G, Franc JM, Costa A, Della Corte F. NOT narrows the search by telling the
database to eliminate all terms that follow it from our search results (this is helpful when we are
interested in a specific aspect of a topic or when we want to exclude a type of article. When
searching for a systematic review, recall is the most important aspect, as the researcher does not want
to miss any relevant references. Database program also provided opportunities to engage under-
represented youth in research-related career pathways far earlier in their educational experience,
adding in the short term to their sense of self-confidence and literature. Some cohort studies have
found a positive review between body mass index and postmenopausal breast cancer only among
women who have never used HRT, 89 90 but we did not capture this potential interaction because
published meta-analyses have not performed this subgroup analysis. This e-book is a general
overview of MongoDB, providing a basic understanding of the database. Searching FAQs Step 4:
Manage Citations Step 5: Screen Citations Step 6: Assess Quality of Included Studies Step 7:
Extract Data from Included Studies Step 8: Write the Review Check our FAQ's Email us Chat with
us (during business hours) Call (919) 962-0800 Make an appointment with a librarian Request a
systematic or scoping review consultation Search the FAQs In Step 3, you will design a search
strategy to find all of the articles related to your research question. A review of competencies
developed for disaster healthcare providers: limitations of current processes and applicability. An
rQES team, in particular, cannot afford any extra time or resource requirements that might arise from
either a misunderstanding of the review question, an unclear picture of user requirements or an
inappropriate choice of methods. SBHCs provide access and eliminate barriers to mental health
reviews. While you will find randomized controlled trials and other primary studies in this database,
they are only added in because of their association with a systematic review. The researchers that
requested the search received a deduplicated EndNote file from which they selected the references
relevant for inclusion in their systematic review. Though we occasionally used the regional databases
LILACS and SciELO in our reviews, they did not provide unique references in our study. Using the
results in this research, review teams can decide, based on their idea of acceptable recall and the
desired probability which databases to include in their searches. The library subscribes to many
subscriptions but differences in accessibility and availability exist. This competency mapping study
included a literature review and a cross-sectional survey, the latter of which was included because
some competency models and curricula may have been missed in the literature review. Rethlefsen
Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd., York, UK Jos Kleijnen School for Public Health and Primary Care
(CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Oscar H.
Polyglot search A tool to translate a PubMed or Ovid search to other databases Search Translation
Resources (Cornell) A listing of resources for search translation from Cornell University Advanced
Searching Techniques (King's College London) A collection of advanced searching techniques from
King's College London Other searching methods Hand searching. There is much less evidence that
these strategies have shifted patient outcomes. Is implementation research out of step with
implementation practice. Most modern DBMS support handling multiple database workloads from a
centralized DBMS software, even in a distributed database scenario. The next generation of
databases were network DBMS systems, which tried to solve some of the limitations of the
hierarchical design by incorporating a one-to-many relationship between data. OpenGrey, a former
multidisciplinary database of technical reports, meetings, dissertations, and official publications is
now archived in GreyNet. Most library databases allow you to filter for different types of journal
article, including review articles. Databases may also overwrite your search with algorithms if you do
not apply field tags.
This centralised methodology enables the cooperation between Latin American and Caribbean
countries to create local and national databases, all feeding into the LILACS database. If a topic is
not very common, it could be more difficult to find available research on the subject. Depending on
the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. AB wrote
the first draft of the manuscript and incorporated feedback and revisions from all other authors.
However, the authors indicated that this intervention would make little or no difference to patient
outcomes. These were the most common intervention approach overall. The interventions were
mostly from the chemicals and drugs category, or surgical procedures. Our study shows that, to reach
maximum recall, searches in systematic reviews ought to include a combination of databases. Most
of this content is peer-reviewed, in other words checked by another expert in that subject area, so the
information you find should be of high quality. Database program also provided opportunities to
engage under-represented youth in research-related career pathways far earlier in their educational
experience, adding in the short term to their sense of self-confidence and literature. Library
databases give you much greater flexibility for searching within the results to identify key
information. Additional file 3. Supplementary 3a. Summary table for curricula alongside a
competency model identified in English and Japanese language literature review. Geneva: World
Health Organization; 2019.. Accessed 7 March 2023. MongoDB, Azure Cosmos DB are some
prominent examples of DoDBMS. Columnar database management systems (CDBMS) As the name
suggests, this type of DBMS is used to manage columnar databases that store data in columns
instead of rows, emphasizing high performance. Databases often use their own set of terminology
and syntax. The national disaster life support programs: a model for competency-based standardized
and locally relevant training. In the case of a clinical question, precision is most important, as a
practicing clinician does not have a lot of time to read through many articles in a clinical setting.
Contextualization: Enables researchers to understand how their work fits into the broader academic
conversation and contributes to the existing body of knowledge. Validation of an index of the
quality of review articles. Using the prospectively recorded results and the studies included in the
publications, we calculated recall, precision, and number needed to read for single databases and
databases in combination. However, be aware that search strategies will differ in their
comprehensiveness. Download Word doc Download Google doc Before you begin searching for
literature, you need a clearly defined topic. As a first step in the health workforce Health EDRM
capacity building effort, the WHO Health Emergencies Programme (WHE) Learning Strategy was
developed in 2018 to provide standards and frameworks in training. The review should enumerate,
describe, summarize, objectively evaluate and clarify this previous research. Although Embase covers
MEDLINE, it apparently does not index every article from MEDLINE. Two independent reviewers
appraised the quality of included studies using a quality assessment checklist. What are its most
exciting and promising areas of innovation. Coverage: approx. 100 million items References: 1.4
billion Access options: institutional subscription only Provider: Clarivate (formerly Thomson
Reuters) PubMed is the number one resource for anyone looking for literature in medicine or
biological sciences. Features: collaborative, permits multiple co-authors, and multiple export formats.
Most competency models included knowledge and skills, emergency response systems (including
incident management principles), communications, critical thinking, ethical and legal aspects, and
managerial and leadership skills.