NORSU MC1 CTED

ED 303
ONLINE EXAM 1
FIRST SEMESTER SY 2023-2024

Name___________________________________ ________Course__________________Date______________Score_____

MULTIPLE CHOICE. ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER. IN
EACH NUMBER OR ITEM JUST AFTER YOUR LETTER ANSWER HANDWRITE THE
SOLUTION/JUSTIFICATION/EXPLANATION WHICHEVER IS APPLICABLE TO YOUR ANSWER.

1) The primary purpose for completing a thorough literature review as part of a research study is 1) d
to:
A) point you toward the proper method to use.
B) help you interpret your own findings.
C) provide evidence that your hypothesis is correct.
D) become an expert in your area of interest.

2) Jane wants to search for information about the variety of attention disorders that are seen in 2) b
childhood. Which of the following sets of keywords would best get Jane started on an effective
and efficient search?
A) "attention disorders" B) "attention disorders" and "children"
C) "ADHD," "ADD," and "children" D) "disorders" and "children"

3) A well-structured literature review: 3) b

A) begins with those studies most closely related to the research problem, then opens up to a
broader perspective.
B) begins with broad/general information, then narrows the focus to those studies most
closely related to the research problem.
C) contains highly detailed descriptions of each work chosen for inclusion in the review.
D) contains general summaries of each work chosen for inclusion in the review.

4) The review of the literature can be curtailed when: 4) b

A) all of the work done by top researchers in the area has been reviewed.
B) you are no longer encountering new ideas or information.
C) two to four weeks have been devoted to the search.
D) all published work related to a topic has been reviewed.

5) A well-written literature review: 5) c

A) avoids summarizing the work of others so that details of the original work are not lost in
the reviewing process.
B) emphasizes detailed reporting of each piece of research included in the literature review.
C) emphasizes critique and synthesis of the work of others that is related to your own
research problem.
D) avoids evaluation or critique of the literature reviewed, so as not to bias the opinion of the
reader.

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 6) Typically, the literature review should: 6) c
A) be limited to work coming out of the very best labs and universities in the country.
B) give a broad overview of the area, without getting bogged down in the details of
particular studies or theoretical perspectives.
C) emphasize how the studies being reviewed are related to the research problem under
consideration.
D) include few or no works more than five years old to avoid having the work become
prematurely obsolete.

7) While reading articles published in refereed journals about her research topic, Georgia 7) a
repeatedly comes across references to a series of studies by one particular researcher. She's
unable to find those references in the collections of her university library. Her best plan of action
would be to:
A) put in a request through the library loan program.
B) Summarize the research, noting the references were "cited by" the articles she did read.
C) Search the Internet for copies that may have been posted.
D) Include the references in her reference list but not cite them in the text.

8) Shar has read only about 20 refereed articles that relate to her primary research topic, but she's 8) a
finding that they tend to focus on the same basic patterns and arguments. Her best plan of action
at this point is to:
A) reconsider her search terms and look more broadly for additional research articles.
B) email the authors of the articles she's found and ask for additional sources.
C) search for non-refereed articles that may contain useful information.
D) stop reading; it's time to bring the literature review to a close.

d
9) The best way to organize a review of the literature is: 9)
A) Chronologically, with the most recent research first.
B) Critically, identifying flaws in previous studies that make your question relevant.
C) Chronologically, with the earliest research first.
D) Thematically, with an emphasis on how the literature relates to your question.

10) While reading and taking notes on research in her area of interest, Dana wrote down quotations 10) a
from each article, along with the page numbers. As she begins to synthesize the information and
write her literature review, her best strategy is to:
A) summarize the main points in her own words and include the relevant citations to the
original work.
B) use key quotations, with full references, and then explain what they mean in the context of
her research.
C) paraphrase the quotations to demonstrate she understands the content. If it's paraphrased,
she does not need citations.
D) include the quotations and their sources to ensure she's correctly representing the
previous findings.

11) As a rule of thumb, it is generally a good idea to track down references that are cited by 11) d
________ other researchers.
A) five or more B) two or more C) one or more D) three or more

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12) Whenever you find a potentially useful source of information, you should record enough 12) d
information to ensure that:
A) you can have the librarian help you do a proper literature review.
B) you do not plagiarize.
C) the cited author feels properly acknowledged.
D) you can track it down later and future readers of your research can find it for themselves.

13) Many online documents posted since the year 2000 have a unique, permanent number that 13) c
enables others to find a document again even if its location on the Internet has changed. This
number is known as a ________.
A) key word B) library call number
C) Digital Object Identifier (DOI) D) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

14) A cooperative agreement between libraries to exchange resources known as ________ allows you 14) b
to access books or journal articles that may not be available at your academic institution.
A) book sharing B) interlibrary loan
C) search engines D) Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

15) The act of presenting another person's work as being one's own or insufficiently acknowledging 15) c
and identifying the sources from which one has drawn while writing is known as ________.
A) sourcing B) citing C) plagiarism D) referencing

16) Direct quotations from other people's writing should ________. 16) b
A) never be used in your literature review
B) minimally used in your literature review
C) comprise the majority of your literature review
D) frequently be used in your literature review

17) The best advice for knowing when you have collected enough sources for your literature review 17) a
is to:
A) Look for repetitive patterns in the materials you are finding and reading.
B) Search until you have obtained at least 10 sources.
C) Look for at least one source that supports each of your hypotheses.
D) Search until you have exhausted your own institution's direct resources.

18) Three of the following accurately characterize data. Which one does NOT necessarily 18) d
characterize data?
A) Data may be elusive. B) Data are ever changing.
C) Data can be volatile. D) Data reveal truth.

19) Charlotte, an anthropologist, has been living in an Incan village for three years. During that time 19) b
Charlotte has become expert in Incan weaving by observing and imitating the master weavers in
the community. When Charlotte was observing, she was collecting:
A) informal data. B) primary data.
C) nonempirical data. D) secondary data.

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 20) Charlotte wrote a book about her experience as an anthropologist living in an Incan village for 20) b
three years and becoming an expert weaver. Her book was widely read by other anthropologists,
including Mira, who is an expert in Navaho weaving. For Mira, Charlotte's book constitutes:
A) primary data. B) secondary data.
C) hearsay data. D) informal data.

21) Dr. Davenport wants to conduct a study of whether high-school students learn more efficiently 21) a
while seated at a desk compared to in an easy chair. She knows there is a large research literature
regarding similar influences on learning, and she wants to see if the findings hold true with a
group of high school history students. Moreover, as a researcher she is uneasy with a lack of
structure. You recommend that Dr. Davenport conduct a ________ study.
A) quantitative B) qualitative

22) Dr. Greenhill wants to know how it is that some early adolescents come to make a connection 22) b
between their personal lifestyle and environmental problems, while others don't. Furthermore,
among those who see the connection, why do some become committed to environmentalism
while others do not? Dr. Greenwald looks forward to probing the thoughts of young teens on
these issues and trying to see the questions and issues through "14-year-old eyes." You
recommend that Dr. Greenhill conduct a ________ study.
A) quantitative B) qualitative Replication: Conducting
the study again with
different samples or in
23) Replications in experimental research are generally conducted to facilitate: different settings to see if 23) a
you get the same results
A) external validity. B) external reliability.
C) internal reliability. D) internal validity.

24) Marcy is concerned that her findings may be due to an extraneous uncontrolled variable and not 24) d
how well
the
her treatment. Marcy is most concerned with:
outcome of - A) external validity. B) triangulation. -multiple methods
a research C) respondent validation. D) internal validity. results reflect the studied group, Controls
study can
results are returned to participants to check for accuracy extraneous variables
be
expected 25) When a qualitative researcher asks the participants, "Do the conclusions I've drawn make sense 25) a
to apply to
other to you" the researcher is evaluating:
settings. A) the trustworthiness of the study. B) the reliability of the study.
C) the Hawthorne effect. D) the external validity of the study.

26) An ordinal scale of measurement: 26) a?

A) communicates greater than and less than relationships.
B) assigns a name to a category.
C) incorporates equal units of measurement.
D) is tied to an absolute zero.

27) An interval scale of measurement: 27) a

A) incorporates equal units of measurement.
B) is tied to an absolute zero.
C) assigns a name to a category.
D) communicates rank-order information.

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28) The main difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that only one of them: 28) b
A) is used in research with human subjects.
B) includes an absolute zero.
C) supports the use of statistical analyses.
D) uses equal units of measurement.

29) Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One 29) c
question asks students to report how politically conservative they are. It includes a 7-point scale
where 1 is "not at all conservative" and 7 is "extremely conservative." This is an example of a/an:
A) nominal scale. B) ordinal scale.
C) interval scale. D) ratio scale.

30) Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. One 30) a
question asks students to report their highest level of education by choosing from these options:
"some high school," "completed high school," "some college," or "completed 4-year college
degree." This is an example of a/an:
A) nominal scale. B) ordinal scale.
C) interval scale. D) ratio scale.

a
31) Professor Wellman is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project. 31)
One question asks students to report whether they are currently living in an "urban," "suburban,"
or "rural" setting. This is an example of a/an:
A) nominal scale. B) ordinal scale.
C) interval scale. D) ratio scale.

32) Sean, a high school wrestler, has agreed to participate in a study of cardiovascular conditioning. 32) d
He is left somewhat confused when, at the first research session, he is asked to complete a
questionnaire about commonly purchased grocery items. Sean's confusion indicates a lack of
________ regarding the task.
A) construct validity B) criterion validity
C) content validity D) face validity

33) A researcher decides to use a high school sample to test the relationship between her new 33) c
measure of empathy and a well-established measure of interpersonal sensitivity. She finds that
the two instruments are highly related, which supports the ________ of the new instrument.
A) face validity B) predictive validity
C) criterion validity D) content validity

34) A researcher designed a new questionnaire to measure political conservatism. To test out his 34) c
new instrument, he asks people leaving their polling place on election day to report their degree
of political conservatism on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high) and then complete his questionnaire.
Results show that people who identified themselves as political conservatives also had the
highest scores on his questionnaire. This is an indication of the ________ of the new instrument.
A) predictive validity B) face validity
C) criterion validity D) content validity

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35) Dick and Jane are studying aggression among preschool children. Separately, they each watch a 35)
videotape of four children interacting in a playroom and then rate each child on the level of
aggression displayed during the play session. They compare their completed ratings and are
pleased to note they are highly similar. This is an example of ________ reliability.
A) interrater B) internal consistency
C) equivalent form D) test—retest
b
36) Dr. Drive is testing a 10-question measure of achievement motivation. He notes that if his 36)
respondents agree with the first question, they tend to also agree with the other nine. Likewise, if
his respondents disagree with the first question, they tend of disagree with the other nine. This is
an indication of good ________ reliability.
A) interrater B) internal consistency
C) equivalent form D) test—retest

37) Professor Pickle is studying civic-mindedness among senior citizens. She administers a survey 37) d
of civic mindedness to a senior citizens group in early April, then again in early May. By
comparing the two sets of scores, the professor can assess the ________ reliability of her measure
of civic-mindedness.
A) interrater B) internal consistency
C) equivalent form D) test—retest

d
38) Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the internal validity of a study. Which 38)
one is NOT?
A) Conduct the study in a controlled laboratory setting.
B) Build in opportunities for triangulation.
C) Conduct a double-blind experiment.
D) Make participants fully aware of your expected findings.

39) Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the external validity of a study. Which 39) d
one is NOT?
A) Replicate the study under a variety of relevant conditions.
B) Assure that you have a representative sample.
C) Conduct the study in a real-life setting.
D) Allow flexibility in procedures and instruments.

40) Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the credibility of a qualitative study. 40) c
Which one is NOT?
A) Acquire detailed descriptions of the phenomena being studied.
B) Ask participants to comment on the conclusions being drawn from the study.
C) Exclude participants who have experiences or opinions that are very different from those
of others in the study.
D) Spend extensive time in the field studying the phenomenon of interest.

41) The requirement to keep information provided by research participants confidential applies: 41) d
A) only in cases where it is specifically requested by the participant.
B) only in cases where participants divulge information that is potentially illegal.
C) to legal minors (children under the age of 18), but not adults.
D) to all persons under almost all conditions.

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42) The primary role of the IRB is to: 42) c
A) ensure researchers are aware of federal and state laws regarding the handling of data.
B) evaluate whether the researchers are qualified and the research will be meaningful.
C) ensure that research participants are protected from harm and invasion of privacy.
D) provide institution-specific ethical guidelines for research involving humans.

43) Sara conducted a study in her sixth grade classroom. The study focused on students' interests in 43) b
science classes. Sara shared what individual students said about their interest in science with the
seventh-grade teachers to help place students in next years' classes. Was Sara's sharing this
information in accordance with ethical research practices?
A) In this case, it was unethical to share students' data since the information was anonymous.
B) In this case, it was unethical to share students' data since that information was
confidential.
C) In this case it was ethical to share students' data since it will help them in their education.
D) In this case it was ethical to share students' data since the study was conducted in school.