7

Self-Learning Kit
Science
Quarter 4 - Week 4

EDLYN J. ALERTA
Writer
Science – Grade 7
Self-Learning Kit
Quarter 4 – Week 4
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer : Edlyn J. Alerta

Editors/Reviewers : Marlyn V. Canales,
: Ingrid Alerta, Maribel Panggo
Illustrator : Edlyn J. Alerta
Layout Artist : Joel R. Capuyan, Edlyn J. Alerta
Management Team : Leah P. Noveras, Ed.D., CESO VI
: Leviticus M. Barazon, Jr., Ph. D.
: Lilia R. Ybañez
: Marlyn V. Canales
: Reynilda G. Ramoneda
: Raymond L. Ceniza
: Joel R. Capuyan
: John Orven Saldana

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII Schools Division of Danao City
Office Address: Sitio Upland, National Road, Danao City, Cebu
Telephone No. (032) 262-6211
Telefax: danao.city@deped.gov.ph
E-mail Address: depeddanaocity.com
Note to the Learner

This Self-Learning Kit is prepared for you to learn the specified competencies
based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) for Science 7, Quarter 2,
Week 4. It is designed in a simplified structure to help you easily understand the lesson
for the week. It contains the following parts:

I Have Includes an activity that aims to check what you

Known already know about this lesson

I Can Consists of activities that will help you view the

Connect previous lesson and prepare you to the new one

Details the presentation and discussion of the

I Can Learn
concepts that you need to learn in this new lesson

Comprises of activities for independent practice to

I Can Try
check understanding of the new concepts learned

Contains exercises to validate your knowledge and

I Can Assess
understanding of the concepts learned

I Can Do Covers activities and exercises that you can do further

More to enrich your learning

Answer Key Contains the key to correction of all the exercises

Indicates the sources in the development of this Self-

References
Learning Kit (SLK)
Lesson The different phenomena that occur in the
Title atmosphere
Learning Account for the occurrence of land and sea breezes,
Competency monsoons, and intertropical convergence zones (ITCZ)
MELC Code S7ES-IVf- 7

I Have Known

Directions: Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the best
answer.

1. Which warms up faster, land or water?

A. Land
B. Water
C. Both warm up at the same rate.
D. Rate of warming varies; depends on weather conditions.

2. What happens when air is heated?

A. It rises.
B. It stays in place.
C. It spreads in all directions.
D. It moves toward a lower elevation.

3. What is FALSE about ITCZ?

A. It results in thunderstorms.
B. It occurs in countries near the equator.
C. It occurs in the Philippines all year round.
D. It is a place where winds in the tropics meet, rise, and form cloud.

4. Which of the following does NOT describe the amihan?

A. Brings lots of rain
B. Brings cold weather
C. Comes around July to September
D. Comes from the northeast and moves southward

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5. In what direction do winds blow?
A. From the northeast to the southwest
B. From the southwest to the northeast
C. From low pressure areas to high pressure areas
D. From high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas

6. What happens to the surrounding air as warm air rises?

A. Moves in all directions
B. Moves to a higher altitude
C. Moves away from the rising air
D. Moves toward the place where warm air rises

7. How does land breeze occur?

A. It occurs when warm air over the land rises and the wind from the sea blows
toward the land.
B. It happens when the cool wind from the land rushes to the sea to replace the
rising warm air over the sea.
C. Warmer air from the sea moves toward the land to replace the rising cold air
over the land.
D. Cold air from the sea sinks and moves toward the land.

8. Which of the following corresponds to the movement of the air from the sea to the
land during the daytime?
A. Wind C. Sea breeze
B. Habagat D. Land breeze

9. In what directions do winds blow?

A. The wind goes everywhere.
B. The wind moves toward the ITCZ.
C. The wind moves from a high-pressure area toward a low-pressure area.
D. The wind moves from a low-pressure area towards a low-pressure area.

10. What are the two pronounced monsoons in the Philippines?

A. Northeast and Southeast monsoons
B. Northeast and Southwest monsoons
C. Northwest and Southeast monsoons
D. Northwest and Southwest monsoons

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 I Can Connect

In your previous lesson you have learned about the different layers of the
atmosphere which are the Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and
the Exosphere.

The troposphere (tropos means change) is the layer closest to Earth‟s surface.
The stratosphere is the layer of air that extends to about 50 km from Earth’s surface. The
layer between 50 km and 80 km above the Earth‟s surface is called the Mesosphere.
The thermosphere is between 80 km and 110 km above the Earth. The upper limit of our
atmosphere is the exosphere.

This time we will be discussing about the different phenomena that occur in the
atmosphere. Let us journey together and explore what are those phenomena in our
atmosphere!

I Can Learn

What Makes the Air Move?

The Sun heats up the surface of the Earth. Because the Earth‟s surface is made
of different things, some places heat up faster than others. The air above the warmer
places will also warm up and will rise as a result. The air in the surroundings will then
move toward the place where warm air is rising. We call this moving air, wind. The wind
may have special names, depending on certain conditions. For example, in one
situation the wind may be called a land breeze or sea breeze. In another situation, the
wind may be called the monsoon. Winds may also be called westerlies or easterlies,
depending on where the winds come from.

A few basic principles go a long way toward explaining how and why air moves:
Warm air rising creates a low pressure zone at the ground. Air from the surrounding
area is sucked into the space left by the rising air. Air flows horizontally at top of the
troposphere; horizontal flow is called advection. The air cools until it descends. Where it
reaches the ground, it creates a high pressure zone. Air flowing from areas of high
pressure to low pressure creates winds. Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air.
Air moving at the bases of the three major convection cells in each hemisphere north
and south of the equator creates the global wind belts.

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Within the troposphere are convection cells as shown in the illustration. Warm air rises,
creating a low pressure zone; cool air sinks, creating a high
pressure zone.

Air that moves horizontally between high and low pressure

zones makes wind. The greater the pressure difference between
the pressure zones the faster the wind moves.

Convection in the atmosphere creates the planet‟s

weather. When warm air rises and cools in a low pressure zone, it
may not be able to hold all the water it contains as vapor. Some
water vapor may condense to form clouds or precipitation. When cool air descends, it
warms. Since it can then hold more moisture, the descending air will evaporate water
on the ground.

Air moving between large high and low pressure systems creates the global
wind belts that profoundly affect regional climate. Smaller pressure systems create
localized winds that affect the weather and climate of a local area.

A. Sea Breeze and Land Breeze

During the day, both land and sea are

heated by the Sun. But the land heats up faster than
the water in the sea. The air above land will then
become warm ahead of the air above the sea. The
air in the nearby sea then moves in toward the
place where warm air is rising. So, the warmer air
above the land will rise. The air above the sea will
Figure 1 then move in to replace the rising warm air. The
moving air or wind from the sea is called a sea
breeze. Imagine that you are standing by the sea, along the shore.

Sea breeze is the resulting motion of air from sea to land during the day. A sea
breeze or onshore breeze is any wind that blows
from a large body of water toward or onto a
landmass; it develops due to differences in air
pressure created by the differing heat
capacities of water and dry land. As such, sea
breezes are more localized than prevailing
winds. Because land heats up much faster than
water under solar radiation, a sea breeze is a
common occurrence along coasts after sunrise. Figure 2: Sea Breeze

What will happen at night when the Sun is gone? The land and sea will both cool
down. But the land will lose heat faster than the water in the sea. In other words, the
sea will stay warm longer. This time the air above the sea will be warmer than that
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above land. The warm air above the sea will then rise. Air from land will move out to
replace the rising warm air. (See drawing below.) This moving air or wind from land is
called a land breeze.

Land breeze is the resulting motion of air from land to sea during night. Land
breeze or offshore breeze is the reverse effect: dry land also cools more quickly than
water and, after sunset, a sea breeze
dissipates and the wind instead flows from
the land towards the sea. Sea breezes
and land breezes are both important

Figure 3: Sea Breeze

factors in coastal regions' prevailing

winds. The term offshore wind may refer
to any wind over open water.

In the illustration above, you can see an arrow pointing upward. This represents
rising warm air. The place where warm air rises is a place where air pressure is low. In
other words, the place where warm air is rising is a low-pressure area. In contrast, cold
air is dense and tends to sink. The place where cold air is sinking is a high-pressure area.
Based on what you learned so far, in what direction does air move? From a low-
pressure area to a high pressure area or the other way around, the air moves from high
pressure area to a low-pressure area.

B. Monsoons

Figure 4: Monsoons

Do you know what monsoons are? Many people think that monsoons are rains.
They are not. Monsoons are wind systems. But these winds usually bring abundant

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rainfall to the country and this is probably the reason why they have been mistaken for
rains. In Filipino, the monsoons are called amihan or habagat, depending on where
the winds come from.

Like the sea breeze and land breeze, monsoons can also be explained using the
two concepts that were learned earlier: warm air rises and the surrounding air moves in
toward the place where warm air is rising. But while sea and land breezes alternate on
a day-night cycle, the monsoons occur from season to season. And while sea and
land breezes occur locally, along coastal areas, the monsoons affect a much wider
area, including large bodies of water and land.

A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest,

winds of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the
tropics. A "monsoon" is a consistent wind pattern generated by a large weather
system, that lasts for a period of months and affects a large area of the planet. The
word 'monsoon' is believed to originate from the Arabic word mawsim (season), via the
Portuguese and then Dutch monsun.

Monsoon has a different name in each country that it affects. In the Philippines,
the Summer Monsoon (West or southwest winds) is called the Habagat (ha-bag-at)
and the Winter Monsoon (North or northeast winds) is called the Amihan (a-me-han).

TWO MONSOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. AMIHAN (NORTHEAST MONSOON)

From October to March, the northeast monsoon also known as hanging amihan
comes from the northeast and
moves toward the south. Why does
the wind move or blows from north to
south? It is because there is a low-
pressure area in the south (near
Australia) during that time. The
Amihan or Northeast Monsoon draws
cold, dry air from high pressure areas
of Siberia, China, and Japan to low-
pressure areas of the Philippines.

Figure 5. Amihan

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2. HABAGAT (SOUTHWEST MONSOON)

From July to September, the southwest monsoon or hanging habagat comes

from southwest and moves toward the north.
Habagat or Southwest Monsoon is characterized by
hot and humid air blown from high-pressure areas of
Australia to low-pressure areas of the Philippines.
The warm, moist air of the Habagat brings heavy
rains to most of the western part of the country from
June to September. Both the amihan and habagat
bring rain to the Philippines. This is because the
winds pass over bodies of water which supply a lot
of moisture. The amihan passes over the Pacific
Figure 6. Habagat Ocean before it reaches the Philippines, bringing
rain to the eastern part of the Philippines. The
habagat passes over the Indian Ocean and South China Sea (West Philippine Sea)
before it arrives in our country, bringing rain to the western portion of the country.

The monsoons, habagat and amihan, affect people in different ways. Farmers
welcome the monsoons because
they supply rain for their crops.
Fisherfolk are not so happy
because it is not safe to go fishing
when it is raining, and the wind is
also blowing hard. Fish pen owners
worry about monsoon rains
because when the pens overflow,
they lose all the fish within. But rains
from the monsoons fill up the dams
that store water for a variety of
purposes, such as domestic use
(drinking, washing), irrigation, and
electricity generation. Ask the
students how the monsoons affect
their daily lives. Figure 7: Southwest and Northwest Monsoons

We have already tackled two common weather phenomena, breezes and

monsoons. In the next section, we will discuss a natural process that occurs in the
tropical region but not in temperate or polar areas.

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C: INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ, pronounced "itch"), known by sailors

as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area
where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. The Intertropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a region characterized by belt of clouds encircling the
Earth near the equator. It encircles Earth near the thermal equator though its specific
position varies seasonally. When it lies near the geographic Equator, it is called the
near-equatorial trough.

Figure 8: ITCZ

We all know that the equatorial region is a warm place. The reason is because
the equator and nearby areas are places that receive direct rays from the Sun. What
does the word “direct” mean? It means that the Sun
is directly overhead and the Sun‟s rays hit the
ground vertically (see picture below). We can also
say that the rays strike the group perpendicularly, at

right angles, or at 90 degrees.

One way of demonstrating “vertical rays” to students is by showing them vertical posts
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at noon and noting that they have no shadows. That means the Sun is directly
overhead.

Figure 9. Arrows illustrate what is meant by “direct” rays of the Sun. The rays hit
the ground vertically (left photo). Clouds in this satellite photo show the location of the
ITCZ (right photo).

Because the equatorial area receives direct rays from the Sun, it is much warmer
than any other place on Earth. The warm equatorial area heats up the air above it.
The warm air then rises. Moisture in the rising air will lead to the formation of clouds,
which result in torrential downpours. The ITCZ is the place where winds in the tropics
meet or converge. Thus, the ITCZ is the reason why we get a lot of thunderstorms during
certain months of the year. Which months? During the months when the Sun‟s rays are
most direct, during the warm months.

As warm air over equatorial areas rises, the air in the surroundings will move in. Air
from north of the equator and south of the equator will then meet or converge at the
place where
warm air is
rising. Areas
north and
south of the
equator are
called the
tropics. Thus,
we now know
why it is
called the
intertropical
convergence zone. It is the place where winds in the tropics meet, rise and form
clouds, resulting in thunderstorms during certain times of the year.

At the end of this module, it should become clear that certain weather
phenomena can be explained by using the same scientific concepts. There is a
common explanation behind why the wind blows, why monsoon winds change
direction, and what the ITCZ is. It is suggested that these phenomena be explained
together because the underlying concepts that are needed to understand them are
practically the same. If these processes are explained separately, it may lead students
into thinking that there are three different explanations. The varied natural processes
that occur around us are all governed by the same scientific laws.

9
 I Can Try

Directions: Write T if the statement is true and if it is false, change the underlined word
or phrase to make it correct.

__________1. The monsoon is the reason why we get a lot of thunderstorms during
certain months of the year.

__________2. Sea breeze is the resulting motion of air from sea to land during the day.

__________3. A ITCZ is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest,

winds of a region.

_________ 4. From October to March, the northeast monsoon also known as hanging
amihan comes from the northeast and moves toward the south.

__________5. Land breeze is the reverse effect: dry land also cools more quickly than
water and, after sunset, a sea breeze dissipates and the wind instead
flows from the land towards the sea.

__________6. Air moves toward the place where cold air is rising.

__________7. From June to October, the southwest monsoon or hanging habagat

comes from southwest and moves toward the north.

__________8. The air move from high pressure area to a low pressure area.

__________9. Monsoon has a different name in each country that it affects, in the
Philippines, southwest monsoon is called the amihan.

_________10. The place where warm air rises is a place where air pressure is high.

10
 I Can Assess

A. Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

1. A sea breeze usually originates during the ____________________.

A. evening and flows toward the land
B. day and flows toward the land
C. evening and flows toward the water
D. day and flows toward the water

2. What happens to the warm air?

A. It cools down C. It disappears
B. It rises D. It stays in place

3. What do you mean by “direct rays”?

A. The rays of the Sun hit the ground at 90 degrees.
B. The rays of the Sun hit the ground at 5 degrees.
C. The rays of the Sun hit the ground at 23.5 degrees.
D. The rays of the Sun hit the ground at 180 degrees.

4. A wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass; it
develops due to differences in air pressure created by the differing heat
capacities of water and dry land.
A. land breeze C. sea breeze
B. habagat D. amihan

5. It is the place where winds in the tropics meet or converge.

A. Monsoon C. land breeze
B. Sea breeze D. ITCZ

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B. Directions: Describe the different atmospheric conditions by filling in the blanks with
the appropriate words found in the box.

cools faster Monsoon

land Amihan or Northeast Monsoon
converge Habagat or Southwest Monsoon
rise Intertropical Convergence Zone
thunderstorm water

During the day, ____(1)____ heats faster than ____(2)____. Air over the land is
warmer than water and air over water is colder than air over the land. The warm air will
rise causing the cold air from the sea to rush in.

At night time, land ___(3)_____ than water. Air over the water will ____(4)____. The
cold air from the land replaces the warm air over the water.

___(5)_____ are wind systems. ____(6)____ draws cold, dry air from high pressure
areas of Siberia, China and Japan to low-pressure areas of the Philippines. ____(7)____
is characterized by hot and humid air blown from high-pressure areas to Australia to
low-pressure areas of the Philippines.

The ____(8)____ is a region characterized by belt of clouds encircling the Earth

near the equator. As the surrounding cooler air from north and south areas moves near
the equator, they ____(9)____. Meanwhile, the rising warm air humidifies as it collects
moisture. As it rises, it cools and expands, thereby formation of clouds along this region
results to ___(10)_____.

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 I Can Do More

Directions: Label the parts of the drawing.

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 14
I CAN DO MORE
A.
I Have
I CAN TRY
Known
1. ITCZ
1. A
2. TRUE
3. MONSOON 2. A
4. TRUE
5. TRUE 3. C
B.
6. WARM 4. C
7. JULY TO
SEPTEMBER 5. D
8. TRUE
9. HABAGAT 6. D
10. LOW 7. A
8. C
9. C
10. B
Answer Key
 References

Books
 Asuncion, Alvie J., et. al. Science 7 Learner's Material. Pasig City: pp 128-143.
Department of Education, 2017.
 Asuncion, Alvie J., et. al. Science 7 Teacher’s Guide. Pasig City: pp 105-117.
Department of Education, 2017.
 Marecel B. Compania et.al (2020)Science 7Alternative Delivery Mode, Fourth
Quarter Module 4. Department of Education-Region 10
Electronics

 https://www.google.com/search?q=sea+breeze&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X
&ved=2ahUKEwjyuvn71tLwAhVhJaYKHbCRATMQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw#imgrc=rZZ3
jKuhqFXY7M
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_breeze#Land_breezes
 https://www.google.com/search?q=land+breeze&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isc
h&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipus_92NLwAhX_yosBHf0MDXkQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw
=1366&bih=657#imgrc=9l4DWxiWT7OjIM
 https://www.google.com/search?q=monsoons&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiAwZKB
2dLwAhUTyZQKHUBBDNsQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=monsoons&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1CuqnRYx7d0YKnFdGgAcA
B4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=C2uj
YMCPMJOS0wTAgrHYDQ&bih=657&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=9Y9xtMkCJOpo0M
 https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/monsoon/
 https://www.pgyc.org/monsoonweather.php#:~:text=A%20%22monsoon%22%20
is%20a%20weather,a%2Dme%2Dhan).
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone#:~:text=The%20In
tertropical%20Convergence%20Zone%20(ITCZ,its%20specific%20position%20varie
s%20seasonally.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

DepEd – Danao City Division –Curriculum Implementation Division
Sitio Upland, National Road, Poblacion, Danao City, Cebu
Email Address: danao.city@deped.gov.ph
Website: depeddanaocity.com
Telephone No.: (032) 262-6211

15
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF DANAO CITY

WEEKLY LEARNING PLAN IN SCIENCE GRADE 7

QUARTER 4-WEEK 4
Learning Competency/ies Account for the occurrence of land and sea breezes, moonsoons,
and intertropical convergence zones. S7ES-IVf-7
Learning Tasks/Learning
Resources

A. Teacher’s Tasks:
1. Perform daily routine
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Attendance Check
2. Administer pre-test
 Let the leaners answer “I Have Known”, (SLK pp.1-2)
3. Conduct review
 Review concepts on the different layers of the Atmosphere. Refer to “I Can
Connect”, (SLK p.3)
4. Deliver the new lesson
 Discuss the new lesson by following the activities found in “I Can Learn”,(pp.3-9)
5. Check learner’s understanding
 Let the leaners do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK p.10)
6. Validate learning
 Let the leaners answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK pp.11-12)
7. Provide enrichment activity
 Let the leaners perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p.13)
B. Learner’s Tasks:
1. Answer “I Have Known”, (SLK pp.1-2) and check your answer. Refer to Answer Key p.13.
2. Read and review concepts in “I Can Connect”, (SLK p.3)
3. Read and understand the new lesson presented in “I Can Learn”, (SLK pp. 3-9)
4. Do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK p.10). Check your work by referring to the answer key
found in p. 14.
5. Answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK pp.11-12) and submit your answer sheet.
6. Perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p.13). Check against the answer key on p. 13.

Prepared by:
EDLYN J. ALERTA
Writer

Contact No: 09227838479

Email Account: edlyn.alerta@deped.gov.ph
FB Account: Edlyn Juntilla-Alerta

16
I CAN ASSESS

A.
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D
B.
1. LAND
2. WATER
3. COOLS FASTER
4. RISE
5. MONSOON
6. AMIHAN OR NORTHEAST MONSOON
7. HABAGAT OR SOUTWEST MONSOON
8. ITCZ OR INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
9. CONVERGE
10. THUNDERSTORM

17
18
ACTIVITY - What happens to the air in the surroundings as warm air rises?

Objective

After performing this activity, you should be able to explain what happens to the air in
the surroundings as warm air rises.

What to use

box candle
scissors match
cardboard tube smoke source
clear plastic (ex. mosquito coil)

figure 1: Set-up for activity 1

What to do
Pre-activity
 Make two holes in the box: one hole on one side and another hole on top (see
drawing).
 Place the cardboard tube over the hole on top and tape it in place. Make a
window at the front side of the box so you can see inside.
 Cover the window with clear plastic to make the box airtight.
Activity proper
1. Open the box and place the candle
directly below the hole on top. Light
up the candle and close the box.
2. Make a prediction: What do you think
will happen if you place a smoke source
near the hole?
3. Now, place the smoke source near the
hole.
Figure 2. What happens to the
smoke when the source is
placed near the hole?
Q1. What happened?
Answer: The smoke went through the hole into the box toward the lighted candle.
Q2. Can you explain why?
Answer: The candle flame warms up the air above it. The warm air rises out of the box.
The air in the surroundings goes into the box and moves toward the place where warm
air is rising.

19
What Makes the Air Move?
As you have seen in the activity, air in the surroundings can be affected by rising
warm air. The drawing below shows how this happens. First, the air above the candle
becomes warm because of the flame. What happens to this warm air? It rises. As warm
air rises, what happens to the air in the surroundings? It will move toward the place
where warm air is rising. But you cannot see air, how can you tell that it is moving? Did
you see smoke from the mosquito coil? The movement of the smoke shows the
movement of the air.

Figure 3. Air in the surroundings move

toward the place where warm air is rising.

Let us now relate what happened in the activity to what happens in nature.
During the day, the surface of the Earth becomes warm because of the Sun. Some
parts of the Earth will warm up more quickly than others. Naturally, the air above the
warmer surfaces will also become warm. What happens to the warm air? Just like in
the activity, it will rise. How is the air in the surroundings affected? It will move toward
the place where warm air is rising. This is the other concept that you need to know: Air
moves toward the place where warm air is rising. Whenever we feel the air moving,
that means that somewhere, warm air is rising. And the air around us moves toward
the place where warm air is rising. Do you remember that „moving air‟ is called wind?
Every time you feel the wind, it means that air is moving toward the place where warm
air is rising. Strictly speaking, wind is air that is moving horizontally.

Let us use now the two concepts you have learned to explain other things. You
know that the surface of the Earth is made basically of two things: land and water.
When the Sun‟s rays strike land and water, do they heat up as fast as each other? Do
land and water absorb heat from the Sun in the same way? Or is there a difference?
Perform the next activity and find out.

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