A normal distribution is a probability distribution that

is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near

the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data
far from the mean. In graphical form, the normal
distribution appears as a “bell curve”
The area
Normal distributions are also called Gaussian
under the normal distribution curve represents the
distributions or bell curves because of their shape. probability of an event occurring that is normally
distributed. So, the area under the entire normal
distribution curve must be 1 (equal to 100%).

For example, if the mean (average) male height is

5'10" then there is a 50% chance that a randomly
selected male will have a height that is below or
exactly 5'10". This is because the area under the
normal curve from the left hand side up to the
mean consists of half of the entire area of the
normal curve.

To know if a given data is of normal distribution,

you can check for the following characteristics :
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 The mean, median and mode are exactly the

same.
 The distribution is symmetric about the
mean—half the values fall below the mean
and half above the mean.
 The distribution can be described by two
values: the mean and the standard
deviation.
 68% of data falls within one standard
deviation of the mean, 95% falls within two
standard deviations of the mean, and 99.7%
falls within three standard deviations of the
mean.

Normal distributions have the following features:

 Bell shape
 Symmetrical
 Mean and median are equal; both are
located at the center of the distribution
 About 68% of data falls within one
standard deviation of the mean
 About 95% of data falls within two
standard deviations of the mean
 About 99.7% of data falls within three
standard deviations of the mean
What Is Kurtosis?
Kurtosis is a measure of the tailedness of a
distribution. Tailedness is how often outliers occur.

 Distributions with medium kurtosis (medium

tails) are mesokurtic.
 Distributions with low kurtosis (thin tails)
are platykurtic.
 Distributions with high kurtosis (fat tails)
are leptokurtic.
The area under a standard normal
distribution (also known as the z-distribution)
provides valuable insights into probabilities. Let’s
break it down:
1. Standard Normal Distribution (Z-Distribution):
o The standard normal distribution is a special type
of normal distribution where the mean is 0 and
the standard deviation is 1.
o All normal distributions can be standardized by
converting their values into z-scores.
o Z-scores indicate how many standard deviations a
Skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of a value is away from the mean.
distribution. A distribution is asymmetrical when its o When you standardize a normal distribution, the
left and right side are not mirror images.
mean becomes 0 and the standard deviation
A distribution can have right (or positive), left (or becomes 1.
negative), or zero skewness. A right-skewed 2. Probability Interpretation:
distribution is longer on the right side of its peak, o The area under the standard normal curve
and a left-skewed distribution is longer on the left represents probabilities.
side of its peak: o The total area under the curve is 1 or 100%.
o Specific areas between different z-values
correspond to probabilities of certain events
occurring.
o For example, the area between two z-values tells
you the probability of variables falling within that
range.
3. Using the Standard Normal Distribution:
o Calculate probabilities for specific values or ranges
by
4.
o finding the area under the curve.
o Z-tables provide probabilities for
different z-values.
o For instance, if you want to find the
o probability that a statistic is less than
a certain z-value, you can look it up
in the z-table.

Remember, the standard normal distribution is a

powerful tool for understanding probabilities and
making comparisons across different datasets!