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FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EARLY  Teodora had Spanish and Malay ancestry,
EDUCATION OF RIZAL reflecting the diverse cultural heritage of the
Philippines during the colonial period.
Family Background  Despite being falsely accused and imprisoned by
 José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861. He had nine Spanish authorities, Teodora remained a pillar of
sisters and one brother. His parents were strength for her family and played a significant role
leaseholders of a hacienda and an accompanying in shaping Rizal's character and ideals.
rice farm held by the Dominicans.  Jose Rizal’s memoir - Jose P. Rizal paid his
What was the family status of Jose Rizal? mother the greatest tribute a man could give her
 The Rizal family lived in a spacious house with a when he exclaimed in his memoir: “Ah! Without
large basement where animals and produce were her what would... have been my fate? ... After
kept. They lived comfortably and had no debts. God, the mother is everything to man."
However, despite being branded as affluent, the
Rizals were, in reality, an upper-class family who Siblings
had just enough to send all eleven children to good  SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) - Eldest child
Parents:
schools. of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel
Francisco Mercado
 The Jose Rizal family was a wealthy family in Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
 Jose Rizal's father was the youngest of 13
Calamba, Laguna and considered one of the largest  PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) - Only brother of
children of Juan and Cirila Mercado. He was born
families in those times. The 13 member of Jose Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose
in Binan, Laguna, studied in San Jose College of
Rizal family consisted of his father Francisco College in Manila; became a farmer and later a
Manila and died in Manila.
Mercado Il and his mother Teodora Alonso general of the Philippine Revolution.
 He was a well-respected and prosperous
Realonda. Jose Rizal had nine sisters and one  NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) - The third child.
landowner, farmer, and businessman in Calamba,
brother. The Jose Rizal family's paternal ascendant married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher
Laguna.
was Domingo Lam-co, a full-blooded Chinese who and musician.
 Francisco belonged to a family of farmers and
lived in Amoy, China and arrived in the Philippines  OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) - The fourth
traders and had Chinese ancestry, which
in the closing years of the 17th century. Domingo child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from
contributed to Rizal's mixed heritage.
Lam-co was married to a Chinese halfbreed named childbirth.
 He instilled in his children the values of hard
Ines de la Rosa. The Mercado-Rizal family had also  LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) - The fifth child.
work, resilience, and entrepreneurship.
Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Negrito blood aside Married Matriano Herbosa.
from their Chinese blood.  MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) - The sixth child.
TeodoraAlonso Realonda
Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
 Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos (November
 JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) - The second son and
9, 1827 – August 16, 1911) was a wealthy woman
the seventh child. He was executed by the
in the Spanish colonial Philippines. She was best
Spaniards on December 30,1896.
known as the mother of the Philippines' national
 CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) - The eight
hero, Jose Rizal.
child. Died at the age of three.
 Rizal's mother, was born in Manila and came
 JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) - The ninth child.
from a family of educators and professionals. She
An epileptic, died a spinster:
also was known for her intelligence, strong
 TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) - The tenth
personality, and devotion to her children's
child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to
education.
Family Tree die.
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 SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) - The youngest Rizal, was a doctor, intellectual, patriot, and man newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona.
child married Pantaleon Quintero. of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine Rizal’s political program included integration of
nationalist movement. the Philippines as a province of Spain,
Influence ofthe Rizal Siblings:  Rizal was the son of a prosperous landowner, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish
1. Saturnina: The eldest sibling, Saturnina, took on Rizal was educated in Manila and at the parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by
maternal responsibilities after their mother's University of Madrid. A brilliant medical student, Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and
imprisonment. he soon committed himself to the reform of expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards
2. Paciano: Paciano, Rizal's older brother, was a major Spanish rule in his home country, though he before the law.
influence on him. He actively supported Rizal's pursuits never advocated Philippine independence. Most  Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He
and shared his nationalist sentiments. of his writing was done in Europe, where he founded a nonviolent-reform society, the Liga
3. Narcisa, Olympia, Lucia, Maria, Concepción, and resided between 1882 and 1892. Filipina, in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in
Soledad: Rizal's sisters contributed to the family's well-  The Rizal surname was obtained by Francisco northwest Mindanao. He remained in exile for the
being and were supportive of their siblings' endeavors. Mercado as suggested to him by a provincial next four years. In 1896 the Katipunan, a Filipino
They played various roles in the household and provided governor after the Governor General of the nationalist secret society, revolted against Spain.
emotional support to Rizal during challenging times. Philippines, Narciso Claveria, issued a decree in Although he had no connections with that
1849 by which native Filipino and immigrant organization and he had had no part in the
Ancestry: families were to adopt Spanish surnames from a insurrection, Rizal was arrested and tried for
José Rizal's ancestry reflects the multicultural nature of list of Spanish family names. sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was
Philippine society during the Spanish colonial period.  Jose Rizal also obtained the surname Rizal after publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His
 His Chinese ancestry from his father's side, dropping three other names that made up his full martyrdom convinced Filipinos that there was no
combined with Spanish and Malay ancestry from name. Jose Rizal also retained Protasio as his alternative to independence from Spain. On the eve
his mother's side, gave him a diverse heritage. other family name. His family never actually of his execution, while confined in Fort Santiago,
 Rizal's mixed ancestry influenced his worldview, recognized their Rizal surname, but Jose Rizal Rizal wrote “Último adiós” (“Last Farewell”), a
identity, and sense of belonging. It also shaped his was forced to use it so that he can travel freely masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.
understanding of the complexities of Filipino and disassociate himself from his brother
society and its history of colonialism and cultural Paciano, who was notorious because of his links Rizal has a Land Surveyor and Assesors Degree
exchange. with native priests who were executed after they  Before being brought to Manila, Rizal originally
were found to be subversives. studied under Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Bian,
Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realondo  In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli Mi Laguna. As his father had desired, he took the
 Height: 1.61 m or approximately 5'3 ft Tangere (The Social Cancer), a passionate Colegio de San Juan de Letran admission exam.
 Where was Rizal shot dead?: Bagumbayan exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the  Nonetheless, he enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal
(present day Luneta or Rizal park), Manila Philippines. A sequel, El Filibusterismo (1891; de Manila where he graduated as one of the nine
 TOTGA: Leonor Rivera - Si Leonor Rivera daw The Reign of Greed), established his reputation as students in his class declared sobresaliente or
ang itinuturing na TOTGA o the one that got away the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform outstanding.
ni Rizal dahil mas pinili daw niya ang pagsali sa movement. He published an annotated edition  He continued his study at the Ateneo Municipal de
kilusang propaganda at hindi rin nag-work ang (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga’s Manila, where he earned a degree in land surveying
kanilang LDR o long distance relationship nang Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, hoping to show that and assessment, and together at the University of
lumipad patungo sa Europa si Rizal. the native people of the Philippines had a long Santo Tomas, where he completed a pre-law course
 Born on June 19, 1861, at Calamba, Luzon, history before the coming of the Spaniards. with an excellent grade.
Philippines, and died on 30 December 1896, at  He became the leader of the Propaganda
Manila, Philippines), popularly known as José Movement, contributing numerous articles to its
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groundwork for his later proficiency in multiple  The first private tutor of Rizal is Maestro Celestino
languages.  Maestro Lucas Padua was the second private tutor
Impact on Rizal of Rizal
 Rizal's childhood experiences profoundly  Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a former
influenced his development and worldview. The classmate of Rizal’s father, became the boy’s tutor.
idyllic rural setting of Calamba, coupledwith the This old teacher lived at the Rizal home and
Rizal’s Childhood
warmth and support of his family, nurtured his instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin.
Childhood Environment:
sense of identity, belonging, and purpose.  After a Monroy’s death, the hero’s parents decided
 Calamba during Rizal's childhood was a
 His early exposure to diverse cultures and to send their gifted son to a private school in Biñan.
picturesque rural town surrounded by lush
languages expanded his horizons and cultivated
greenery, rice fields, and coconut groves. The
his appreciation for cultural diversity, tolerance, Jose goes to Biñan:
tranquil beauty of nature characterized his early
and understanding.  On Sunday afternoon in June, 1869 he left Calamba
years.
 These formative influences instilled in Rizal a for Biñan with Paciano.
 Rizal's family owned vast agricultural lands,
deep love for his country, a commitment to social  Carromata - the mode of transportation
providing him with a comfortable upbringing
justice, and a desire to use his talents and  Aunt’s House - where Jose Lodge
amidst the natural splendor of the Philippine
education for the betterment of his fellow
countryside.
Filipinos. First Day in Biñan School:
 The rural setting of Calamba offered Rizal
 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- formal teacher
opportunities for exploration, adventure, and a deep
The Early Education of Rizal  The school was in Maestro Justiniano’s house
connection with nature, which would later
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan: which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from
influence his appreciation for the environment and
 Rizal had his early education in Calamba and the home of Jose’s aunt.
his advocacy for environmental conservation.
Biñan  Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as tall, thin,
 Characterized by the four R’sreading, writing, long-necked, sharp-nose, with a body slightly bent
Influences:
arithmetic, and religion. forward.
 Rizal grew up in a loving and tightlyknit family
 Knowledge was forced into the minds of the
environment. His parents, Francisco and Teodora,
pupils by means of the tedious memory method First School Brawl:
instilled in their children the values of respect,
aided by the teacher’s whip.  Pedro (The teacher’s son) - wrestling
compassion, and solidarity.
 Andres Salandanan- Arm wrestling
 José Rizal had nine siblings, and he shared a
The Hero’s First Teacher:
special bond with each of them. They supported
 The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who Painting Lesson in Biñan:
and encouraged each other, fostering a sense of
was a remarkable woman of good character and  Old Juancho - freely gave Jose painting lessons
unity and camaraderie within the family.
fine culture. As tutor, Doña Teodora was patient,  Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra became
conscientious, and understanding. apprentices of Old Juancho
Exposure to Diverse Cultures and Languages:
 It was she who first discovered that her son had a
 Rizal's family background was multicultural,
talent for poetry. Daily Routine in Biñan:
reflecting the diverse ethnic and cultural tapestry of
 To lighten the monotony of memorizing the  Hears Mass at 4 am or studies lesson before going
the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
ABC’s and to stimulate her son’s imagination, to mass
He was exposed to various languages, including
she related many stories.  Goes to Orchard to look for mabolo to eat
Tagalog, Spanish, and his native dialect of
 Breakfast
Calamba. This exposure enriched his cultural
Private Tutor of Rizal:  Goes to class at 10 am
heritage and linguistic abilities, laying the
 Lunch break
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 Goes back to school at 2 pm
 Goes home at 5 pm
 Studies lesson, then draws a little
 Has supper
 Prays again
 Plays in the street if moon is bright
 Sleep