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T-1 [4] Law of reflection! 🌟 Can you apply STR? 👀

A plane electromagnetic wave of a length λ_o falls at an angle α on a plane initially
fixed mirror.
1. At what angle φ will the reflected wave deviate, when the mirror starts moving
with a speed v perpendicular to the plane of the mirror towards the wave?
2. Find the wavelength λ after a reflection from the moving mirror, assuming the
angle φ found in the previous section to be known. [ 2+2 = 4]

T-2 [4] Little oscillating block sliding on wedge 😊

A wooden wedge of mass M is placed on a smooth
table. A small wooden block of mass m is connected
to the top of the wooden wedge with a spring of
elastic constant k. Suppose the natural
length of the spring is L_0, and there is no friction
between two wooden blocks. Now the small block is
released at rest at distance L_0 from the top of the
wooden wedge (as shown in the picture) and slides
down freely. Find
(a) The equilibrium position of the small block m (i.e.
the position where the acceleration of m vanishes)
measured from the top of the wooden wedge.
(b) The horizontal distance travelled by the wooden
wedge when the small block m reaches its equilibrium
position.
(c) The oscillating amplitude of the small block m
along the slope of the wedge.
(d) The period of oscillation of the small block m along
the slope of the wedge. [0.5+0.5+1+2 =4]

T-3 [4] Falling Coin 🪙

We have many identical coins (discs with radii r = 1 cm) sliding down an inclined
plane. The Inclination angle of the plane is α = 45° and it is l = 50 cm long. At the
bottom of the slope,there is a d = 65 cm long horizontal plane. Each coin is
released from rest at the top of the slope. What is the smallest number of coins
(including the first coin) that we have to slide down the plane to ensure that the
first coin will fall off the edge of the horizontal plane? Assume perfectly elastic
collisions and a constant friction coefficient f = 0.5 between the coins and the
surface.

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T-4 [4] Laser in a vessel 🪄🥣

Inside a glass thin-indirect cylindrical vessel of radius
R near its wall at point A is a microlaser, the size of
which is much smaller than R. The vessel is filled with
water, and there is air outside. Half of the inner
surface of the vessel,corresponding to the ACB arc, is
blackened and absorbs light.Initially, the laser beam is
directed at point B.The laser begins to rotate with a
constant angular velocity ω counterclockwise in the
plane of the drawing around the axis passing through
point A (Fig). The water consumption index is n = 4/3.
(a)After what time t will the ray stop leaving the
vessel?
(b)What will be the speed of the "reflection of beam"
on the blackened surface of the cylinder at a time of
1.5 t from the beginning of its movement? [2+2 = 4]

T-5 [4] Usage of Hall Effect in Cars ⚡

Many cars today are equipped with speed sensors based on the Hall effect.The
Hall sensor, located on the bodywork close to the wheel, consists of a metal plate
semiconductor material through which a current I passes, mounted in front of a
magnet that produces an approximately uniform magnetic field of magnitude B. As
a result,A transverse voltage signal of magnitude V_H (Hall voltage) is generated.

(a)Consider a semiconductor plate of width d = 1.0 cm, thickness a = 250 µm and

length L = 1.0 cm, located in a uniform magnetic field of modulus B = 0.1 T and
through which a current I = 16 mA passes. Assuming that this current is due to
charge carriers q = 1.6 · 10^−19 C, of density n = 10^19 cm^−3, calculate, in m/s,
the speed of these charge carriers
(b)Calculate, in volts, the value of the Hall voltage V_H that must be generated
between the upper plane and bottom of the straightener to compensate the effect
of the magnetic field on the holders of charge. [2+2 = 4]

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T-6 [4] Golden Apple 🍎

Anyone who’s had an apple may know that pieces of
an apple stick together, when picking up one piece a
second piece may also come with the first piece. The
same idea is tried on a golden apple. Consider two
uniform hemispheres with radius r = 4 cm made of
gold of density ρ_g = 19300 kg m^−3.
The top half is nailed to a support and the space
between is filled with water.
Given that the surface tension of water is γ = 0.072N
m−1 and that the contact angle between gold and
water is θ = 10°, what is the maximum distance
between the two hemispheres so that the bottom half
doesn’t fall? Answer in millimeters.

T-7 [6] Magic Heat Engine 🥵

Skuperfield's heat engine works according to a cycle consisting of two isochors
(for volumes V and 2V) and two isobars (at pressures P and 2P), and its working
body is oxygen. A manager Krabs came up with an "improvement" (a way to
increase efficiency) with the help of Dunno's magic wand, a sweep of which allows
someone to instantaneously convert all the oxygen into ozone (or vice versa)
without a change of mass, volume and internal energy. Consider that in a
temperature range under consideration, rotational degrees of freedom of gas
molecules are included, and the vibrational ones are freezed.
(a) Find the efficiency η_1 of the heat engine before the "improvement".
(b) By how many times k_1 does the temperature change during the described
oxygen conversion into the ozone?
(c) By how many times k_2 does the pressure change during the described
oxygen conversion into the ozone?
(d) Find the maximum efficiency η_2 of the heat engine after the "improvement”.
[2+1+1+2 =6]

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T-8 [4] Hydrostatic Effect on Mariana abyss 🌊

The Mariana Abyss in the Pacific Ocean has a depth of H =10920 m. Density of
salted water at the surface of the ocean is ρ_0 = 1025 kg / m³, bulk modulus is
K = 2.1 × 10⁹ Pa , acceleration of gravity is g=9.81m/s². Neglect the change in the
temperature and in the acceleration of gravity with the depth, and also neglect the
atmospheric pressure.
(a) Find the relation between the density ρ(x) and pressure P(x) at the depth of х.
(b) Find the numerical value of the pressure P(H) at the bottom of the
Mariana Abyss. You may use iterative methods to solve this part.
Note: The fluids have very small compressibility. Compressibility coefficient is
defined as

Bulk modulus K is the inverse of κ: K=1/ κ. [3+1 = 4]

T-9 [6] Wanna Physicist? OK!, Find disappeared energy here ⚛️

A body (treated as a material point) with the mass m is kept at rest on a slope (Fig)
with a constant inclination on its whole length. When released, the body starts to
slide towards the base of the slope and continues to move to the right on the
horizontal plane. The connection region between the slope and the horizontal
plane is smooth, such that the speed of the body does not change, only the
direction of its velocity. The starting point is at a height h above the horizontal
plane and the value of the gravitational acceleration is constant and known, g.
Friction is neglected everywhere.

Case-1 Derive the mathematical expression for the speed V_0 of the body
[0.3] on the horizontal plane.

Consider now the same process, but seen from a reference system moving to the
right with the constant speed V_0 relative to the ground (the slope and the
horizontal plane). In this reference system the final energy of the body is zero,
while its initial energy is positive.

Case-2 Where did the energy “disappeared”? Give a detailed quantitative

[5.7] analysis of the missing energy

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T-10 [8] Long Wiring….. 😧

Suppose that we have an electric appliance plugged to a U_0 = 120 V , DC power

source via a long cable. Since the conductors are close to each other, we create
an electric scheme of the circuit shown in the figure. The resistor R is the
appliance, theresistor r ≪ R represents the resistance of the cable and the
capacitor C = 420 nF represents its capacitance. The point denoted by “X” suffers
from improper contact, which leads to periodically switching the circuit on and off.
Each of these states lasts for the same constant time T = 0.001 s. Find the power
that the power source will supply to the appliance over a very long time after
plugging the circuit in. If The connection was stable, the power supplied by the
source would be P_0 = 30W

T-11 [6] Electron-y! Breaking Hund’s Rule 🤯

What are the possible values of the total electron spin quantum number of a
neutral atom of nitrogen? For each option, it is possible to find the most
energetically favourable configuration.State the values of the spin in the order that
corresponds to increasing energy of these configurations.

T-12 [6] Conical Pendulum ✌️

A homogeneous ball of oil m is located on the smooth surface of the wedge,

inclined at an angle α to the horizon (see Fig.).The ball is held horizontally by a
stretched thread of length L, tied to the top of the wedge.
1. Find the thread tension force if the system is at rest.
2. Find the tension force of the thread if the system rotates with angular velocity ω
around the vertical axis passing through the top of the wedge. [2+4=6]

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You've completed UPhL

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