new drain & vent installations new drain & vent installations

What is the minimum slope requirement for drains?

All drains must be installed to provide a minimum slope away from the fixture of at least 6 mm (1/4 in.) for every 300 mm (1 foot) of pipe length. The drains must be supported by a firm base/hanger to remain in that position. See FIGURE 2.
What is the total fall allowed from a fixture trap to the vent?

Except for a water closet, the total fall from the fixture trap to the vent must not exceed the diameter of the fixture drain. See FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 2 - Minimum Slope of Drains

Sand

10 ft.

Drain sloped at 6 mm (1/4 in.) for every 300 mm (1 foot)

FIGURE 3 - Fall of Fixture Trap

PERMITTED

NOT PERMITTED

The shaded area that shows the fall must not be greater than the size of the fixture drain.

310 mm (12 1/2 in.)

250 mm (10 in.)

Firm Earth

new drain & vent installations

What is the maximum distance allowed between a vent pipe and a fixture trap or a water closet?

The maximum distance between a vent pipe and a fixture trap must not exceed 1.5 m. (5 ft.). The distance between a vent pipe and a water closet must not exceed 3 m. (10 ft.) horizontally and 900 mm (35 in.) vertically. See FIGURE 4.
Are expansion fittings required for piping systems?

Yes! The design and installation of every piping system must, where necessary, include means to accommodate expansion and contraction of the piping system caused by temperature change. Therefore, where plastic pipe is used, expansion joints must be installed at the base of every soil or waste stack. See FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 4 - Lengths of Fixture Drains and Expansion Fitting

1. Length must not exceed 900 mm (35 in.) 2. Min. length is twice the diameter of the fixture drain. Max. length must not exceed 1.5 m (5 ft.). 3. Max. length is 1 m (39 in). 4. Max. length is 3 m (10 ft.). 5. Expansion fitting - size of a soil or waste stack. 6. Cleanout.

new drain & vent installations

What are the locations of the cleanout fittings in the drainage system?

Approved cleanout fittings must be installed at the following locations: a) as close as practicable to the point where the building drain leaves the building; b) at the base of every soil or waste stack; c) to permit the cleaning of vents to the flood level rim of kitchen sinks; and d) at every 90 degree change of direction in sink wastes. See FIGURE 5.
What are the requirements for the installation of T and Y fittings in the drainage system?

Tee fittings or 90 degree elbows must not be used in the horizontal portion of a drainage system. All changes of direction must be made with the use of Ys and 45 degree bends. Except that a 90-degree elbow or tee fittings may be used to change the direction of horizontal drains when the direction of flow is down to the vertical. Tee fittings may be used to make the connections to vent pipes. See FIGURE 6 and FIGURE 7. (Exceptions see FIGURE 8).
FIGURE 5 - Building Drainage System With Cleanout Fittings

Line Cleanout Basin Basin

C.O. Bathtub W.C.

Kitchen Sink W.C. Automatic Washer

C.O.

Expansion

Expansion C.O. C.O. C.O. W.C.

Basin C.O.

Backwater Valve Shower Catch Basin

new drain & vent installations

FIGURE 6 - Permitted Use of Sanitary T (TY) Fittings - Part 1

Dry Vent

Vent

Sanitary T

Drains

new drain & vent installations

FIGURE 7 - Permitted Use of Sanitary T (TY) Fittings - Part 2

PERMITTED

NOT PERMITTED

PERMITTED

NOT PERMITTED

FIGURE 8 - Permitted Use of Sanitary T (TY) Fittings - Exceptions

Permitted use of long sweep 90 degree

Permitted use of 90 degree

Typical Installation
Fixture

Fixture

NOT PERMITTED PERMITTED

new drain & vent installations

Can drainage or water piping be installed in exterior walls?

Where piping may be exposed to freezing conditions, it must be protected. No drainage or water system can be installed in any exterior wall of a building. Vent pipes are permitted in exterior walls.
Is room ventilation for bathrooms required?

Yes! Ventilation of bathrooms or any rooms containing a water closet must be provided by either; a) a window with an openable area of at least 0.09 sq. m. (0.97 sq. ft.); or b) a mechanical exhaust system (fan) to the outdoors. NOTE: Natural ventilation such as an openable window is considered suitable only for summer use and tends not to be used in winter, thus resulting in unacceptable air quality.
What requirement must be met for the venting of multiple fixtures?

A soil or waste pipe extended as a stack vent or a continuous vent may serve as a single storey vent if: a) all fixtures served by the vent are in the same storey; b) the number of vented fixtures does not exceed four; c) the number of vented water closets does not exceed two; d) when two water closets are installed they are connected at the same level by an approved double fitting; e) water closets are connected downstream of all other fixtures, and f) the fixture drains are connected separately and directly into the soil or waste pipe. See FIGURES 9, 10 & 11.
FIGURE 9 - One Storey Venting (Back to Back)
Basin 11/4 in. Stack Vent 3 in. Basin 11/4 in.

Wet Vent
Water Closet 3 in. Shower 11/2 in. Bathtub 11/2 in. 3 in. Water Closet

10

Soil - Waste Stack 3 in.

new drain & vent installations

FIGURE 10 - Two Storey Venting

ROOF

3 in.

1 1/2 in. Basin 1 1/4 in.

Water Closet 1 1/2 in. SECOND FLOOR Automatic Washer 3 in.

Basin 1 1/4 in.

1 1/2 in. 2 in.

FIRST FLOOR 2 in. Shower 2 in. 2 in. Water Closet 3 in. 3 in. Heat Duct 3 in.

3 in.

3 in. Wet Vent

11

new drain & vent installations

When is a backwater valve required?

All fixtures installed below street level must be protected by a backwater valve arranged to prevent sewer back-up. The backwater valve must be installed to protect the branch drain. The backwater valve must not be installed on a building drain or building sewer unless approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. See FIGURE 5 and FIGURE 11. A sump pit should be installed with the backwater valve.
FIGURE 11 - Typical Basement Plumbing Installation Showing Venting Method, Backwater Valve & Attachment to Cast-Iron Piping
See Vent Pipe Connections Page 13

3 in. 11/2 in. To install new rough-in plastic basement plumbing to existing cast-iron piping use plastic to cast-iron adaptor and M.J. (mechanical joint adaptor) clamps

Building Drain

4 in.

Min. 2 in. to this point Water Closet

11/4 in. Basin 2 in.

3 in.

Approved Backwater Valve must be installed on branch drain to protect all new plumbing that is below grade.

FIGURE 12 - Location of Vent Pipes Cumulative Change in Direction

Max. fall of trap arm is equal to pipe size Max. developed length 1.5 m (5 ft.) Min. Developed length is two times pipe size

90 degree

Sanitary Tee

45 degree

12

45 degree Total change in direction is 135 degrees

4 in.

Branch Drain

2 in.

Shower

3 in.

2 in.

11/2 in.

Wet Vent

Wet Vent FD

45 degree

45 degree

What is the maximum cumulative change in direction permitted between a fixture trap and a vent?

new drain & vent installations

The cumulative change of direction between a fixture trap and a vent must not exceed 135 degrees. See FIGURE 12.
What are some requirements to be met when vent pipes are being connected and being run through the dwelling to the roof?

a) Where a vent pipe passes through the roof, it must be protected from frost closure by increasing the pipe size to at least 75 mm (3 in.) in diameter immediately before penetrating the roof. b) It is recommended that a vent located in attic spaces be insulated. c) Vent pipes must be installed without depressions in which moisture can collect. d) A vent pipe must extend vertically above the flood level rim of every fixture that it serves before being connected to another vent pipe. See FIGURE 13.

FIGURE 13 - Vent Pipe Connections

Vent terminated through roof To be increased to 75 mm (3 in.)

Vent to connect above flood level rim of fixture

Vent connected to stack vent in attic space

Min. 75 mm (3 in.)

Flood Level Rim

13

new drain & vent installations

TABLE 1 - Fixture Size Requirements

FIXTURE Bathtub (with or without shower) Bidet Clothes Washer Dishwashers (no load when connected to a garbage disposal unit or a kitchen sink trap Garbage disposal units - residential type Laundry sinks Lavatories (basin) Shower Drain Sink - one and two compartments with garbage disposal unit Water Closet MIN. SIZE OF FIXTURE OUTLET PIPES (inches) 11/2 11/4 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/4 11/2 11/2 3

FIGURE 14 - Typical Drainage & Vent Sizing

11/4 in. Main Vent Kitchen Sink Basin 11/2 in. 11/4 in. 3 in.
1

Water Closet 3 in. 11/2 in. 3 in.

Bathtub 1 /2 in.

3 in.

Expansion Fitting Building Drain Cleanout 4 in.

Building Sewer Cleanout 4 in. (to street) 11/2 in.

Building Drain

4 in.

Catch Basin 4 in. Backwater Valve 4 in.

4 in.

14

NOTE: Every building drain must be at least 100 mm. (4 in) in size and must be terminated by a vent at least 75 mm (3 in.) in size.

potable water systems potable water systems

15

What are the size requirements for fixture outlet pipes?

The sizes of all fixture outlet pipes must comply with TABLE 1. See FIGURE 14.
What are the requirements that must be met for the installation of a potable water system?

All potable water systems must meet the following standards. a) Every water service pipe must be provided with a shut-off valve where the pipe enters the building. b) A water distribution system must be installed so that the system can be drained or blown out with air c) Every fixture supplied with hot and cold water controls must have the hot water control on the left and the cold water control on the right. d) Every water closet must be provided with a shut-off valve on the water supply pipe. e) Every pipe that passes through an exterior wall to supply water (i.e., lawn service) must be provided with a frost-proof hydrant or a stop-and-waste valve placed inside the building close to the outside wall or other approved location. Also, a hose bib vacuum breaker must be installed on a hose bib located outside a building or inside a garage to protect against backflow. f) Every hot water tank must be provided with a shut-off valve and a pressure and temperature relief valve. The pressure and temperature relief valve must be designed to open when the water pressure in the tank exceeds the rated working pressure of the tank or when the water temperature exceeds 99C (210F). Every temperature and pressure relief valve must be provided with a drain and the drain must extend to within 300 mm (12 in.) of the floor or to a safe location. See FIGURE 15.

potable water systems

FIGURE 15 - Hot Water Tank Fittings & Water Supply Shut-off Valves

Stop Valve Union

Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve

Hot Water Tank

Angle Stop

Water Closet Supply

16

NOTE: A Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve is to be installed within 150 mm (6 in.) of the top of the Hot Water Tank.

T&P Drain (full size)

Stop and Drain

Outside Lawn Service

Building Control Valve

Water Service Supply

protectoin from contamination by cross connections protectoin from contamination by cross connections
177 1

How can your potable water system be protected from contamination by cross connection? A hose bib vacuum breaker must be installed on every hose bib located outside a building or in a garage to isolate garden hose applications thus protecting the potable water supply from contamination. Connections to potable water systems must be designed so that non-potable water, foreign matter, foreign chemicals or substances that may render the water non-potable cannot enter the system. A cross connection is a direct arrangement of piping which allows the potable water supply to be connected to a line that contains a contaminant. The purpose of a hose bib is to permit easy attachment of a hose for outside watering purposes. The ordinary garden hose is the most common offender as it can be easily connected to the potable water supply and used for a variety of potentially dangerous applications, some of which are listed below: A garden hose can be: a) left submerged in a swimming pool; b) placed in elevated locations watering shrubs; c) have chemical sprayers attached, for spraying pesticides or herbicides; d) positioned lying on the ground that may be contaminated with fertilizer, and garden chemicals; e) attached to a laundry tub with the end of the hose submerged in a tub full of detergent; or f) connected to the supply lines of bottom fed tanks, and boilers, etc. See FIGURE 16.

protection from contamination by cross connections

FIGURE 16- Back Siphonage & Backflow Prevention

Hose Bib

Sources of Contamination

What is Back Siphonage? A reversal of normal flow in the system caused by a negative pressure (vacuum or partial vacuum) in the supply piping.

Hose Bib Vacuum Breaker

Hose Bib Vacuum Breaker for Frost Proof Hydrants

18