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Math7 q3
Terms and Concepts

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1. Point
- indicates an exact location in space
- has no dimensions
- named using a capital letter
2. Line
- a set of points arranged in a row
- extends endlessly in both directions
- determined by 2 points
- one dimensional
- named using one small letter or 2 capital letters (points)
3. Plane
- a set of points on an endless, flat surface
- determined by 3 non collinear points or 2 intersecting lines or 2 parallel lines or a line and a
point not on the line
- named using a small letter or 3 points on the plane
4. Line segment
- a subset of a line with 2 endpoints
- named using the 2 endpoints
5. Ray
- a subset of a line with one endpoint and the other side extending endlessly
- named using the endpoint and another point going in the direction of the endless side.
6. Angle
- the union of 2 noncollinear rays with a common endpoint.
- the rays are called the sides of the angle
- the common endpoint is called a vertex
- it’s unit of measure is degrees , measured by a protractor
- named using a small letter, or a number, or the vertex, or endpoint-vertex-angle
a) Acute - greater than 0 but less than 90 degrees
b) Right - exactly 90 degrees
c) Obtuse - greater than 90 but less than 180 degrees
d) Straight - exactly 180 degrees
e) Reflex - greater than 180 but less than 360 degrees

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Angle pairs - 2 angles that have a special relationship in terms of measure, structure or position
1. Adjacent angles - angles that share a common endpoint or vertex and share a common side but
have no interior points in common. (joined angles)
2. Complementary angles - two angles with a sum of 90 degrees, they may be adjacent or not
3. Supplementary angles - two angles with a sum of 180 degrees, they may be adjacent or not.
4. Linear pair - two angles that are both adjacent and supplementary. The side they do not share, are
opposite rays.
5. Vertical angles - two non- adjacent angles formed when two lines intersect. They are congruent.
(back-to-back angles)
Perpendicular lines - 2 lines that intersect, forming right angles
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Angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal
Parallel lines - coplanar lines that do not intersect; ||
Transversal - lines that intersect two or more coplanar lines in different points.

line m || line n

Alternate interior angles

● angles found within the 2 parallel lines and on opposite sides
of the transversal
● AIA are congruent or equal
● Angles 3 and 6 are AIA
● Angles __ and __ are AIA

Alternate exterior angles

● Angles found outside the 2 parallel lines and on opposite sides of the transversal
● AEA are congruent or equal
● Angles 1 and 8 are AEA
● Angles __ and __ are AEA

Corresponding angles
● Angles found on the same side of the transversal with respect to one of the parallel lines
● CA are equal or congruent
● Angles 1 and 5 are CA. Name the other CA.

Interior angles on the same side of the transversal

● IASST are supplementary or have a sum of 180 degrees.
● Angles 3 and 5 are IASST.
● Angles __ and __ are IASST.
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Geometric Construction:
A. Segment bisector/ perpendicular bisector
1) Given a segment
2) Place the compass at one end of line segment.
3) Adjust the compass to slightly longer than half the line segment length
4) Draw arcs above and below the line.
5) Keeping the same compass width, draw arcs from the other end of line.
6) Place ruler where the arcs cross, and draw the line segment.
7) Label the diagram.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/construct-linebisect.html

B. Angle bisector
1) Given an angle
2) From the vertex, draw an arc across both rays of the angle.
3) Adjust the compass to slightly longer than half the distance between the two arc intersections.
4) From each arc intersection draw an arc. These two new arcs will intersect each other.
5) Draw a line from the vertex to the intersection point to form the angle bisector.
6) Label the diagram.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/construct-anglebisect.html

C. Perpendicular from a point on the line

1) Given a line and a point on the line
2) Place the compass tip on the point and draw two arcs on both sides of the point.
3) Adjust the compass to slightly longer than half the distance between the two arc intersections.
4) Place the compass tip on the 1st arc intersection and draw a 3rd arc that intersects the line by the
2nd arc intersection. Note: make your arc wide enough so that it passes directly above and below
your given point.
5) Place the compass tip on the 2nd arc intersection and draw a 4th arc that intersects the line by the
1st arc intersection. Note: make your arc wide enough so that it passes directly above and below
your given point.
6) Connect the 2 arc intersections above/below and the given point..
7) Label the diagram.
https://youtu.be/z-qdyuQ-JSw?si=c7hmum6JDFKKQyR4

D. Perpendicular from a point not on the line

1) Given a line and a point not on the line
2) Place the compass tip on the given point and draw an arc that passes 2 points on the line to the left
right of the given point.
3) Adjust the compass to 75% the distance between the two arc intersections.
4) Place the compass tip on the 1st arc intersection and draw a 3rd arc that intersects the line. Note:
Extend your arc to that it is below the line and passes directly below the given point.
5) Place the compass tip on the 2nd arc intersection and draw a 4th arc that intersects the line. Note:
Extend your arc to that it is below the line and passes directly below the given point, intersecting
with the 3rd arc.
6) Connect the given point and the intersection of the 3rd and 4th arcs.
7) Label the diagram
https://youtu.be/Rr9slPc6dNQ?si=WBKtQCSUURvyInfz
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E. Parallel lines
1) Given a line and a point (not on the line)
2) Draw line passing through the point and the line, forming an angle.
3) Adjust compass to 75% the distance between the vertex and given point.
4) Place the compass on the vertex and draw an arc intersecting both rays.
5) Using the same compass opening, place the compass tip on the given point and draw an arc
passing through line 2 and about the width of a semicircle.
6) Adjust the compass to the width of angle 1, place the compass tip on where arc 2 and line 2
intersect and draw an arc intersecting line 3 (point x)
7) Connect the given point and point x.
8) Label the diagram.
https://youtu.be/Nq_Tsj6vcJk?si=nLacaKWi8iQdtNGV

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Polygons
● A plane figure enclosed by line segments called sides.
● Sides of a polygon meet at a vertex (plural: vertices)
● Polygons can be either convex or concave. The difference between convex and concave polygons
lies in the measures of their angles. For a polygon to be convex, all of its interior angles must be
less than 180 degrees. Otherwise, the polygon is concave.
● The diagonals of a convex polygon will all be in the interior of the polygon, whereas certain
diagonals of a concave polygon will lie outside the polygon, on its exterior.
● A diagonal of a polygon is a segment connecting two non-adjacent vertices.
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● A polygon can be classified on the basis of a number of sides and measure of angles.
● A convex polygon is called regular if all sides and all the angles are congruent.
● If all the sides are congruent, the polygon is called equilateral.
● If all the angles are congruent, it is called equiangular.

Parts of a polygon
1) Side
2) Vertex
3) Consecutive Vertices -vertices of a polygon that include the endpoints of the same side.
4) Consecutive Sides - are two sides of a polygon which share a common angle.
5) Consecutive Angles - angles in a polygon that share a segment as one of the sides that could be
extended into a ray.
6) Diagonal - a segment joining two nonconsecutive vertices of the polygon.
7) Vertex Angle - an angle formed by two consecutive sides. Also called interior angle.
8) Central Angle - an angle formed by the segments joining consecutive vertices to the center of a
regular polygon.
9) Exterior Angle - an angle formed by a side and an extension of an adjacent side.
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Exterior and Interior Angles of a Convex Polygon
A. Exterior Angles of a Convex Polygon
● The sum of the measures of the exterior angles of any regular polygon is 360 degrees.
● The measure of each exterior angle of a regular polygon with n sides can be be calculated
using:
Ea = 360/n where n = the number of sides of the polygon.
Example on a triangle:
Eat = 360/3 = 120 degrees
B. Interior Angles of a Convex Polygon
● The sum of the measures of the interior angles of any regular polygon can be calculated
using:
Sum of Ia = (n-2)180
Example on a triangle:
Sum of Iat = (n-2)180 = (3-2)180 = (1)180 = 180
● The measure of each interior angle of a regular polygon with n sides can be calculated
using:
Ia = (n-2)180
n
Example on a triangle:
Iat = 180/3 = 60 degrees
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Polygon Number of Number of S-IA IA EA

sides triangles (n-2)180 (n-2)180 360/N
n n-2 n

PENTAGON 5 3 540 108 72

HEXAGON 6 4 720 120 60

HEPTAGON 7 5 900 128.57 51.42

OCTAGON 8 6 1080 135 45

NONAGON 9 7 1260 140 40

DECAGON 10 8 1440 144 36

Word problems with polygons:

1) The sum of all internal angles of a certain polygon is 1080 degrees. Name the polygon.
2) An internal angle of a regular polygon is 144 degrees. Find the measure on its external angle and
name the polygon.
3) The sum of all internal angles in a certain polygon is 360 degrees. Name the polygon.
4) The side of a regular pentagon measures 15cm. What is its perimeter?
5) Find the number of sides of the regular polygon when the measure of an exterior angle is 30°
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Circle
● a set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from the fixed point
● a plane figure bounded by one curved line with no corners or vertices

Parts of a circle
1. Center - the point in the circle from which all points on the circle are equidistant from; the circle may
be named after its center precluded with the circle symbol ⨀
2. Radius or radii (pl) - a segment that connects the center to any point on the circle, symbol r
3. Chord - a segment that connects any two points on the circle
4. Diameter - the longest chord; it goes thru the center of the circle; it is twice the length of the radius
5. Central angle - an angle formed by two radii of a circle with its vertex in the center of the circle.
6. Arc - a curved portion of the circle connecting 2 or more points on the circle; symbol ⌒ written
above 2 or 3 letters/points found on the arc
7. Semi-circle - an arc half the size of the circle
8. Inscribed angle - angle whose vertex lies on the circle and whose sides contain chords of the circle