Design of Pile cap for Two piles:

2150

900

The pile cap is designed as bending theory and are accordance with BS8110
DATA:
Pile load capacity for 500 dia. = 1000 kN
Nos. of pile = 2 Nos
Total ultimate load on column - N = 1.6 x 2 x 1000
= 3200 kN
Column in X dir - Cx = 400 mm
Column in Y dir - Cy = 400 mm
Nominal pile diameter - D = 500 mm
Spacing of pile centres - A = 2.5 x 500
pile spacing does not exceeds 3xdia. = 1250 mm
Overhang from pile face to cap - ol = 200 mm
length of pile cap - lx = 2150 mm
Width of pile cap - ly = 900 mm
Concrete grade = 35 N/mm²
Steel strength = 420 N/mm²
Min. percentage of steel = 0.0013 (See Table 3.27)
Multiplier of min. bend radius MRF = 3 (See Table 3 of BS 4466)
Ultimate bond stress fbu = 2.958 N/mm² (see Cl. 3.12.8.4)
Cover to underside of main bars = 150 mm
Side and top cover to main bars = 75 mm
Max shear stress in concrete Vmax = 0.8 x 5.916
= 4.7329 N/mm²
Since 0.8sqrt(fcu) does not exceed 5 N/mm²
Depth of pile cap (Assumed) - h = 1200 mm
Main reinforcement bar = 25 mm
Effective depth (h -cover -20mm) d = 1030 mm

Design of main reinforcement:

Total moment - BM = N/2 x (A - Cx)/2 x 1000
3200 x 850 x 1000
2 2
= 7E+08 Nmm
Resistance moment factor - k = M/(ly x d^2 x fcu)
= 7E+08
900 x 1030 ² x 35
= 0.0203
Lever arm factor - z' = (0.5 + sqrt(0.25 - k / 0.9))
But must not exceed - z' = 0.95 = 0.9769
Lever arm z = z' d = 0.95 x 1030
= 978.5
Area of steel required = M/(z x fy)
= 1655 mm²
Area of steel provided = 490.87 x 4.028
= 1977 mm²
Actual stress in steel = 420 x 1655
1977
= 351.49 N/mm²
Distribution steel
Minimum % of steel required in top & bottom in each direction (Table 3.27)
= 0.0013 x 1000 x 1200
= 1560 mm²/ m
Provide horizontal bars 12 mm spaced vertically 250 mm c/c
should be provided in the side of cap
Check shear resistance:
Design concrete shear stress taken
from formula in Table 3.9
Effective depth of section - d = h - cover - dia/2
= 1037.5 mm
Reinforcement factor - c1 = 100 x Aprov / (ly d)
= 0.2117
Effective - depth factor - c2 = 400 / d
= 0.3855
Factor c2 not less than 1, so c2 = 1
Concrete grade factor c3 = fcu / 25
= 1.4
Design concrete shear stress vc = 0.79xc1^(1/3)*c2^0.25*c3^(1/3)/1.25
= 0.79 x 0.212 0.33x 0.385542 0.25 x 1.4 0.3
1.25
= 0.3334
Distance from col. To critical plane av = A/2 - 0.3 x pile dia - cx/2
= 275 mm
since the distance from the column face to the critical plane as defined in cl. 3.11.4.3
is less than twice the effective depth (cl.3.4.5.8)
shear enhancement factor - sef = 2 x d/av
= 7.5455
Modified concrete shear stress - vmod = vc x sef
= 2.5157 N/mm²
Total shear resistance provided Vprov = (Vmod x cp1 + vc x cp2) x d/1000
= 2349 kN
Total shear resistance required - N/2 = 1600 kN
Shear resistance is satisfactory

Check punching shear at column face Cl. 3.11.4.5

Length of column perimeter u0 = 2 x (cx + cy)
= 1600 mm
Punching shear resistance provided = Vmax x u0 x d/1000
= 7857 kN
Punching shear resistance required - N = 3200 kN
Punching shear stress on perimeter of column is satisfactory.
Design of Pile cap for Two piles:
Bx

Ay'

Ay

Ax

The pile cap is designed as bending theory and are accordance with BS8110
DATA:
Pile load capacity for 600 dia. = 1400 kN
Nos. of pile = 3 Nos
Total ultimate load on column - N = 1.6 x 3 x 1400
= 6720 kN
Column in X dir - Cx = 400 mm
Column in Y dir - Cy = 400 mm
Nominal pile diameter - D = 600 mm
Spacing of pile centres - A = 2.5 x 600 ( spacing not to exceed 3 x dia)
pile spacing centres in X - Dir : Ax = 1500 mm
Overhang from pile face to cap - ol = 200 mm
pile spacing centres in Y - Dir. : Ay = 1300 mm
= \ 1500 ² + 1300 ²
= 1985 mm ( spacing not to exceed 3 x dia)
Distance Ay' to centre of column Ay' = 867 mm
Load on each pile is assumed equal 1500
Load on each pile N1 = N2 = 2240 kN
Max. cap length in X - Dir. Lx = 2500 mm
Min. cap length at top Bx = 1000 mm
max. cap breadth in Y - Dir. Ly = 2300 mm
Min. cap breadth in y - Dir. By = 950 mm
Concrete grade = 35 N/mm²
Steel strength = 420 N/mm²
Min. percentage of steel = 0.0013 (See Table 3.27)
Multiplier of min. bend radius MRF = 3 (See Table 3 of BS 4466)
Ultimate bond stress fbu = 2.958 N/mm² (see Cl. 3.12.8.4)
Cover to underside of main bars = 150 mm
Side and top cover to main bars = 75 mm
Max shear stress in concrete Vmax = 0.8 x 5.916
= 4.7329 N/mm²
Since 0.8sqrt(fcu) does not exceed 5 N/mm²
Depth of pile cap (Assumed) - h = 1200 mm
Main reinforcement bar = 25 mm
Effective depth (h -cover -20mm) d = 1030 mm
Design of main reinforcement in X - Dir:
Total moment - BM = N/3 x (Ax - Cx)/2 x 1000
6720 x 1100 x 1000
3 2
= 1E+09 Nmm
Resistance moment factor - k = M/(lyb x dx^2 x fcu)
= 1E+09
2300 x 1030 ² x 35
= 0.0144
Lever arm factor - z' = (0.5 + sqrt(0.25 - k / 0.9))
But must not exceed - z' = 0.95 = 0.9837
Lever arm z = z' d = 0.95 x 1030
= 978.5
Area of steel required = M/(z x fy)
= 2998 mm²
Area of steel provided = 490.87 x 6.667
= 3272 mm²
Actual stress in steel = 420 x 2998
3272
= 384.74 N/mm²

Design of main reinforcement in Y - Dir:

Total moment - BM = N/3 x (Ay' - Cy/2) x 1000
6720 x 667 x 1000
3
= 1E+09 Nmm
Resistance moment factor - k = M/(lxb1 x dy^2 x fcu)
= 1E+09
2300 x 1030 ² x 35
= 0.0175
Lever arm factor - z' = (0.5 + sqrt(0.25 - k / 0.9))
But must not exceed - z' = 0.95 = 0.9802
Lever arm z = z' d = 0.95 x 1030
= 978.5
Area of steel required = M/(z x fy)
= 3635 mm²
Area of steel provided = 490.87 x 8
= 3927 mm²
Actual stress in steel = 420 x 3635
3927
= 388.82 N/mm²
Considering moment in direction of twin piles:
Total moment - BM = 2N x (Ay - Ay' - Cy/2) x 1000
4480 x 233 x 1000
= 1E+09 Nmm
Resistance moment factor - k = M/(lxb2 x dy^2 x fcu)
= 1E+09
2500 x 1030 ² x 35
= 0.0112
Lever arm factor - z' = (0.5 + sqrt(0.25 - k / 0.9))
But must not exceed - z' = 0.95 = 0.9873
Lever arm z = z' d = 0.95 x 1030
= 978.5
Area of steel required = M/(z x fy)
= 2540 mm²
Area of steel provided = 490.87 x 6.667
= 3272 mm²

Distribution steel
Minimum % of steel required in top & bottom in each direction (Table 3.27)
= 0.0013 x 1000 x 1200
= 1560 mm²/ m
Provide horizontal bars 12 mm spaced vertically 250 mm c/c
should be provided in the side of cap
Check shear resistance in X - Direction: (Cl. 3.11.4.4)
Design concrete shear stress taken from formula in Table 3.9

Effective depth of section - d = h - cover - dia/2

= 1037.5 mm
Reinforcement factor - c1 = 100 x Aprov / (ly d)
= 0.1371
Effective - depth factor - c2 = 400 / d
= 0.3855
Factor c2 not less than 1, so c2 = 1
Concrete grade factor c3 = fcu / 25
= 1.4
Design concrete shear stress vc = 0.79xc1^(1/3)*c2^0.25*c3^(1/3)/1.25
= 0.79 x 0.137 0.33x 0.385542 0.25 x 1.4 0.33
1.25
= 0.2889
Distance from col. To critical plane av = A/2 - 0.3 x pile dia - cx/2
= 370 mm
since the distance from the column face to the critical plane as defined in cl. 3.11.4.3
is less than twice the effective depth (cl.3.4.5.8)
shear enhancement factor - sef = 2 x d/av
= 5.6081
Modified concrete shear stress - vmod = vc x sef
= 1.6201 N/mm²
Total shear resistance provided Vprov = (Vmod x cp1 + vc x cp2) x d/1000
= 1681 kN
Total shear resistance required - N/3 = 2240 kN
Shear resistance in X direction is satisfactory
Check shear resistance in Y - Direction: (Cl. 3.11.4.4)
Design concrete shear stress taken from formula in Table 3.9

Effective depth of section - d = h - cover - dia/2

= 1037.5 mm
Reinforcement factor - c1 = 100 x Aprov / (ly d)
= 0.1262
Effective - depth factor - c2 = 400 / d
= 0.3855
Factor c2 not less than 1, so c2 = 1
Concrete grade factor c3 = fcu / 25
= 1.4
Design concrete shear stress vc = 0.79xc1^(1/3)*c2^0.25*c3^(1/3)/1.25
= 0.79 x 0.126 0.33x 0.385542 0.25 x 1.4 0.33
1.25
= 0.281
Distance from col. To critical plane av = Ay - Ay' - 0.3 x pile dia - cy/2
= 53 mm
since the distance from the column face to the critical plane as defined in cl. 3.11.4.3
is less than twice the effective depth (cl.3.4.5.8)
shear enhancement factor - sef = 2 x d/av
= 39.151
Modified concrete shear stress - vmod = vc x sef
= 11 N/mm²
Total shear resistance provided Vprov = (Vmod x cp1 + vc x cp2) x d/1000
= 28539 kN
Total shear resistance required - N/2 = 3360 kN
Shear resistance in Y direction is satisfactory
Check punching shear at column face Cl. 3.11.4.5
Length of column perimeter u0 = 2 x (cx + cy)
= 1600 mm
Punching shear resistance provided = Vmax x u0 x d/1000
= 7857 kN
Punching shear resistance required - N = 6720 kN
Punching shear stress on perimeter of column is satisfactory.
Since spacing of piles does not exceed 3 times pile diameter, it is unnecessary to check
punching shear along critical perimeter defined in cl. 3.11.4.5