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    Farzana Mahamud Rini
    This document provides an overview of database concepts including definitions, data models, entities and relationships, relational databases, database management systems, database project team roles, and examples of database applications and sizes. It also introduces a fictional case study company that will be used throughout the book.

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    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Farzana Mahamud Rini
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    This document provides an overview of database concepts including definitions, data models, entities and relationships, relational databases, database management systems, database project team roles, and examples of database applications and sizes. It also introduces a fictional case study company that will be used throughout the book.

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    This document provides an overview of database concepts including definitions, data models, entities and relationships, relational databases, database management systems, database project team roles, and examples of database applications and sizes. It also introduces a fictional case study company that will be used throughout the book.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views23 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Farzana Mahamud Rini
    This document provides an overview of database concepts including definitions, data models, entities and relationships, relational databases, database management systems, database project team roles, and examples of database applications and sizes. It also introduces a fictional case study company that will be used throughout the book.

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    MIS 766 Database Management

    Introduction
    Chapter 1: The Database Environment

    Marcus Rothenberger
    Definitions

     Data: stored representations of facts


    ⚫ Structured: numbers, texts, dates
    ⚫ Unstructured: images, videos, documents
     Database: an organized collection of logically
    related data
     Database management system: a collection of
    programs that allows users to create and
    maintain a database
     Information: data processed to increase
    knowledge in the person using the data
     Metadata: data that describes the properties
    and context of data
    Data in Context

    Context helps users understand data


    Alternate Representation of Data
    Metadata
    Some Examples

     Credit card system


     Airline reservation system
     Student records system
     Payroll system
     also: Data Warehouse
    Disadvantages of File Processing

     Program-Data Dependence
    ⚫ All programs maintain metadata for each file they use
     Duplication of Data
    ⚫ Different systems/programs have separate copies of the
    same data
     Limited Data Sharing
    ⚫ No centralized control of data
     Lengthy Development Times
    ⚫ Programmers must design their own file formats
     Excessive Program Maintenance
    ⚫ 80% of of information systems budget
    Three file processing systems
    at Pine Valley Furniture
    Duplicate Data
    Database Management System

    DBMS manages data resources like an operating system manages hardware resources
    The Database Approach
    • Data models
    – Graphical diagram capturing nature and relationship of data
    – Enterprise Data Model – high-level entities and relationships
    for the organization
    – Project Data Model – more detailed view, matching data
    structure in database or data warehouse

    • Entities
    – Noun form describing a person, place, object, event, or
    concept
    – Composed of attributes

    • Relationships
    – Between entities
    – Usually one-to –many (1:N) or many-to-many (M:N), but can
    also be one-to-one (1:1)
    Figure 1-3 Comparison of Enterprise- and
    Project-Level Data Models
    (a) Segment of an (b) Segment of a project data
    enterprise data model model
    The Database Approach
     Relational Databases
     Database technology involving tables (relations) representing
    entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships (see
    Figure 1-17)
    Costs and Risks of the Database
    Approach
     New, specialized personnel
     Installation and management cost and
    complexity
     Conversion costs
     Need for explicit backup and recovery
     Organizational conflict
    From Figure 1-8 Database Development
    Activities During the SDLC
    Database Project Team Members
    (1 of 2)

     Business analysts – analyze business


    situation and establish requirements
     Systems analysts – like business analysts,
    but also have technical expertise for overall
    information systems
     Database analysts and data modelers –
    analysts who focus on database
     Users – the “customers” communicate their
    needs to analysts
     Programmers – coders of the programs that
    interact with the database
    Database Project Team Members
    (2 of 2)

     Database architects – establish standards


    for data in business units
     Data administrators – responsible for
    existing databases, ensuring data integrity
    and consistency
     Project managers – oversee the projects,
    manage the personnel
     Other technical experts – network,
    operating system, documentation, etc.
    Scale of Database Applications
    Figure 1-11 The Range of Database
    Technologies: Past and Present (1 of 4)
    (a) Evolution of database technologies
    Figure 1-11 The Range of Database
    Technologies: Past and Present (2 of 4)
    (b) Database architectures
    Figure 1-11 The Range of Database
    Technologies: Past and Present (3 of 4)
    (b) Database architectures
    Figure 1-11 The Range of Database
    Technologies: Past and Present (4 of 4)
    (b) Database architectures
    The Range of Database
    Applications
     Personal Databases
    ⚫ Typical size in the megabytes

    ⚫ Intended for one user

     Departmental Multi-Tiered Client/Server


    Databases
    ⚫ Typical size in the gigabytes

    ⚫ Intended for several users, usually doesn’t


    exceed 100, department-wide
     Enterprise Applications
    ⚫ Typical size in the gigabytes, terabytes, or
    even petabytes
    ⚫ Intended for a very large user base,
    company wide
    Pine Valley Furniture
     PVF is a fictional furniture company
     Will be used as a case throughout the book
     Chapter 1 topics include
    ⚫ Database Evolution at Pine Valley Furniture
    Company
    ⚫ Project planning

    ⚫ Analyzing database requirements

    ⚫ Designing the database

    ⚫ Using the database

    ⚫ Administering the database

    ⚫ Future of databases at PVF

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