CCE Book No. 3

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embo¶ {ejU {d^mJ, ‘hmamîQ´> emgZ
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* g§nmXH$
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* H$m¶©H$mar g§nmXH$
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{deof Am^ma.
gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : XmoZ

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CK
àñVmdZm
{ejH$ {‘Ìm§Zmo,
Z‘ñH$ma
^maV gaH$maZo ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrMm {ejU h³H$ A{YH$ma Am{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 Mr A§‘b~OmdUr
H$aVmZm H$b‘ 29 (2) Zwgma ‘yë¶‘mnZmV ~Xb gy{MV Ho$bm Amho. AmnU Ë¶m Anojm§Mr n[anyVu H$aVmZm Joë`m
XmoZ dfmªnmgyZ ‘yë¶‘mnZ à{H«$¶oV ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUbm. gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$m¶©nX²YVr g§nyU© amÁ¶mV
gwê$ Ho$br Amho. gdmªZmM ¶m H$m¶©nX²YVrMr AmoiI n[afXoZo `mnydu {Xboë`m _mJ©X{e©Ho$VyZ Pmbr Amho. AÜ``Z
AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ `moOZoV AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZmgmR>rÀ`m gmYZV§Ìm§Mm Adb§~ gwê$
Ho$bm Amho. Ë¶m‘wio ‘yë¶‘mnZ VmUVUmda{hV d AmZ§XXm¶r ~ZV Amho. {dXçmÏ¶mªMo ì¶p³V‘ËËd {d{dY A§Jm§Zr
~haV AgVmZmMo {MÌ AmnU {ZarjUmÀ¶m H°$‘oè¶mV {Q>nV AgVmo. ‘wbmMo {eH$Ê¶mgmR>r YS>nS>Uo, ~mobUo, {dMma
ì¶³V H$aUo, Ë¶mMo {b{hUo, Ë¶mZo XmIdbobo H$ënZmMmVw¶©, Ë¶mMo {M{H$ËgH$ VgoM gO©Zerb {dMma H$aUo ¶m
gmè¶m§Mm nS>Vmim KoÊ¶mMr gmo¶ gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZmV Ho$bobr Amho.
‘mÌ ¶mMm nS>Vmim KoÊ¶mnydu Vem àH$maÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm AmnU X¡Z{§ XZ AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmV
H$er H$aUma AmhmoV `mMr `moOZm V`ma AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. ¶mgmR>r X¡Z{§ XZ AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmVyZ ‘wbm§M
ì¶p³V‘ËËd {d{dY A§Jm§Zr ’w$bmdo ¶mgmR>r nmR>çH«$_mda AmYm[aV, X¡Z{§ XZ ì¶dhmamer gm§JS> AgUmao d ‘wbm§Zm ñdV:
{eH$Ê¶mg ào[aV H$aUmao AZw^d H$go XoVm ¶oVrb ¶mMo {X½Xe©Z gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ {ejH$ _mJ©X{e©H$m
^mJ - 3 _YyZ H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho. Ë¶mM~amo~a à{ejUmV JQ>H$m¶m©À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ ¶mMm àË¶¶ KoÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWmhr
Ho$bobr Amho. VgoM {d{dY AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d XoV AgVmZm AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZhr ZH$iV H$go KS>Vo, ‘yë¶m§Mr
éOdUyH$ d OrdZ H$m¡eë¶m§Mm {dH$mghr H$gm ghOVoZo gmYVm ¶oVmo ¶mMm àË¶¶ ñdV: KoÊ¶mMr g§Yr {ejH$m§Zm
¶m à{ejUmVyZ {‘iUma Amho.
¶mnyduÀ¶m XmoZ à{ejUmMr ‘Vmdbr, MMm©gÌo, n[ag§dmX, n¶©dojr¶ ¶§ÌUoZo {Xboë¶m ôQ>rMo Ahdmb, n[afXZo
¶mg§~§Yr Ho$bobo g§emoYZ, ¶mVyZ Á¶m g‘ñ¶m, AS>MUr, gyMZm g‘moa Amë¶m Ë¶m gdmªMm {dMma H$ê$Z AÜ¶¶Z-
AÜ¶mnZmVM ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$go ghOVoZo g‘m{dîQ> Amho `mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoUo, {ejH$m§Mo àíZH$m¡eë¶ {dH${gV
H$aUo, Ë¶mM~amo~a AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZmÀ¶m BVa gmYZm§VJ©V doJdoJù¶m gmYZV§Ìm§Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoUo, VgoM
~mbH$m§Mm _mo\$V d gŠVrMm {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009 _Yrb VaVwXrZwgma àËòH$ {dXçmÏ`m©Mr g§{MH$m,
(Portfolio) g§M`r Zm|XnÌH$ (Cumulative Record) d àmW{_H$ {ejU nyU© Ho$ë`mMo à‘mUnÌ ¶m~m~Vhr
_mJ©Xe©ZmMr JaO bjmV KoD$Z _mJ©X{e©Ho$V g{dñVa ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo Amho.
AmnU ¶m à[ejUmVyZ A{YH$m{YH$ AZw^dg§nÝZ ~Zmb, Ë¶mgmR>r AmnUmg hr {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m {ZpíMVM
Cn¶w³V R>aob. AmnU Amnbr AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ nX²YVr {d{dYm§Jr AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^dm§Zr g‘¥X²Y H$amb Agm ‘bm
{dídmg dmQ>Vmo. ¶mgmR>r Vwåhm gdmªZm ewôÀN>m. Zm‘Xodamd OaJ
g§MmbH$
‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
à{ejU n[afX nwUo 30.
gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : VrZ

CK
CK
AZwH$« _{UH$m
A. H«$. àH$aU n¥îR>
àñVmdZm ......................................................................................... Mma
1. gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ à{H«$¶m - EH$ ‘mJmodm ................................... 1
2. AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ d ‘yë¶‘mnZ ............................................................. 4
3. AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dmVrb {d{dYVm ................................................................ 9
B _amR>r ......................................................................................... 12
B qhXr ........................................................................................... 17
B B§JO « r ......................................................................................... 19
B J{UV ......................................................................................... 22
B B{Vhmg ...................................................................................... 28
B ^yJmob ......................................................................................... 30
B gm. {dkmZ .................................................................................. 32
B H$bm .......................................................................................... 36
B emar[aH$ {ejU ............................................................................ 39
B H$m`m©Z^ w d ................................................................................... 42
4. àíZ{Z{‘©Vr H$m¡eë¶............................................................................ 45
5. nwñVH$mgh MmMUr .............................................................................. 52
6. ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr BVa gmYZo ..................................................................... 59
7. {dXçmWu g§{MH$m (Portfolia)................................................................... 64
8. g§M`r Zm|XnÌH$ (Cumulative Record) ................................................... 65
9. n[a{eîQ> ........................................................................................... 74
gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : Mma

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àH$aU -1 : gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`m - EH$ _mJmodm

H|$Ð emgZmZo ~mbH$m§Mm _mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejU hŠH$ A{YH$ma A{Y{Z`_ 2009 {XZm§H$ 1 E{àb
2010 nmgyZ bmJy Ho$bm. Ë`mZwgma B`ËVm AmR>drn`ªV {dXçmÏ`mªZm H$moUË`mhr ~moS>m©Mr narjm Xçmdr bmJUma
Zmhr. gXa A{Y{Z`_m_Yrb H$b_ 29 (1) d (2) Zwgma gZ 2010-2011 `m e¡j{UH$ dfm©nmgyZ B`ËVm
n{hbr Vo AmR>drgmR>r gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ H$m`©nX²YVr _hmamîQ´>mZo bmJy Ho$br. {X. 20 Am°JñQ>
2010 À`m emgZ {ZU©`mZo gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ nX²YVr bmJy H$aUmao _hmamîQ´> ho XoemVrb n{hbo
amÁ` R>abo.
AmnU OmUVmM H$s {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ì`pŠV_ËËd {dH$mgmÀ`m gd© n¡by§Mo gmVË`mZo Am{U {d{dY A§Jm§Zr
_yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamd`mMr emimñVamdarb H$m`©nX²YVr åhUOo gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ hmo`.
`m _yë`_mnZmV AmH$m[aH$ _yë`_mnZ Am{U g§H${bV _yë`_mnZ nX²YVrMm g_mdoe Amho.
A) AmH$m[aH$ _yë`_mnZ (Formative Evaluation)
{dXçmÏ`m©Mo ì`pŠV_ËËd AmH$ma KoV AgVmZm {Z`{_V H$aÊ`mMo _yë`_mnZ åhUOo AmH$m[aH$ _yë`_mnZ.
`m _yë`_mnZmV nwT>rb gmYZ-V§Ìo Cn`moJmV AmUyZ dJ©nmVirda àËòH$ {dXçmÏ`m©À`m Zm|Xr R>odUo Ano{jV
Amho.
1. X¡Z§{XZ {ZarjU
2. Vm|S>r H$m‘ (àíZmoËVao, àH$Q> dmMZ, ^mfU-g§^mfU, ^y{‘H$m{^Z¶, ‘wbmIV, JQ>MMm© BË¶mXr)
3. àmË¶{jH$/à¶moJ
4. CnH«$‘/H¥$Vr (d¡¶p³VH$, JQ>mV, ñd¶§-AÜ¶¶ZmX²dmao)
5. àH$ën
6. MmMUr-doimnÌH$ Omhra Z H$aVm AZm¡nMm[aH$ ñdê$nmV ¿¶md¶mMr N>moQ>çm H$mbmdYrMr boIr
MmMUr/nwñVH$mgh MmMUr (Open book test)
7. ñdmÜ¶m¶/dJ©H$m¶©
8. BVa : àíZmdbr, ghmÜ¶m¶r ‘yë¶‘mnZ, ñd¶§‘yë¶‘mnZ, JQ>H$m¶© Aem àH$maMr AÝ¶ gmYZo.
¶m gmYZ-V§Ìm§n¡H$s B¶ËVm, {df¶ Am{U CX²{XîQ>o {dMmamV KoD$Z A{YH$m{YH$ gmYZ-V§Ìm§Mm dmna
H$amdm. ‘mÌ ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVmZm {H$‘mZ nmM gmYZ-V§Ìm§Mm dmna H$amdm; Va H$bm, H$m¶m©Zw^d, em. {ejU
d Amamo½¶ ¶m {df¶m§gmR>r {H$‘mZ VrZ gmYZ-V§Ìm§Mm dmna H$amdm Aer Anojm Amho. VgoM {dXçmWu df©âmV
{H$‘mZ EH$ àH$ën H$aVrb d àË¶oH$ gÌmV {H$‘mZ EH$ N>moQ>çm H$mbmdYrMr boIr MmMUr/nwñVH$m§gh boIr
MmMUr (Open book test) KoUo Ano{jV Amho.
gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 1

1K
CK
~) g§H${bV _yë`_mnZ (Summative Evaluation)

g§H${bV ‘yë¶‘mnZ åhUOo R>amdrH$ H$mbmdYrZ§Va EH${ÌV ñdê$nmV H$amd¶mMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ. boIr,
Vm|S>r, àmË¶{jH$ àíZm§Mm g‘mdoe AgUmao àW‘ gÌmÀ¶m AIoarg n{hbo d X²{dVr¶ gÌmÀ¶m AIoarg Xþgao
g§H${bV ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aÊ¶mMo Amho.
AmH$m[aH$ Am{U g§H${bV _yë`_mnZmMm ^mam§e nwT>rbà_mUo amhrb.
AmH$m[aH$ d g§H${bV _yë`_mnZ ^mam§e : àËòH$ gÌmgmR>r d àËòH$ {df`mgmR>r
(H$bm, H$m`m©Zw^d Am{U emar[aH$ {ejU d Amamo½` ho {df` dJiyZ)
B`ËVm AmH$m[aH$ _yë`_mnZ g§H${bV _yë`_mnZ EHy$U
Vm|S>r boIr
/àmË`{jH$
n{hbr d Xþgar 70 JwU 10 JwU 20 JwU 100 JwU
{Vgar d Mm¡Wr 60 JwU 10 JwU 30 JwU 100 JwU
nmMdr d ghmdr 50 JwU 10 JwU 40 JwU 100 JwU
gmVdr d AmR>dr 40 JwU 10 JwU 50 JwU 100 JwU
(emgZ {ZU©¶mVrb ànÌ-A _Üò darb ^mam§emZwgma VŠVm {Xbm Amho.)
gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ nX²YVrMr A§‘b~OmdUr H$aVmZm H$mhr AS>MUr Amë¶m. ¶m AS>MUrMm
{dMma H$ê$Z gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m ^mJ-2 {dH${gV Ho$br. Ë¶mV ì¶dhm¶©Vm
d gwb^Vm AmUÊ¶mgmR>r {ZX}e {Xbo AmhoV.
{ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m ^mJ 2 {ZX}e
1) {df¶{Zhm¶ gmYZ-V§Ìm§Mr {ZdS> H$aÊ¶mMr {Xem {Xbr.
2) X¡Z§{XZ {ZarjU ho ì¶p³V‘ËËdm‘Yrb JwU nmhUmao JwUmË‘H$ (qualitative) gmYZ Agë¶m‘wio
Ë¶mg JwU XoÊ¶mV ¶oD$ Z¶oV. ‘mÌ gd©M {df¶m§gmR>r ho gmYZ A{Zdm¶© Amho. {ZarjU X¡Z§{XZ Amho,
nU Zm|Xr ‘mÌ d¡{eîQ>çnyU© ~m~r d bJoM XþéñV Z H$aVm ¶oUmè¶m AS>Wù¶m§{df¶rÀ¶m ~m~tÀ¶mM
H$amd¶mÀ¶m AmhoV.
3) Vm|S>r H$m‘mgmR>r àH$Q> dmMZ, àíZmoËVao, Vm|S>r {hemo~ àm‘w»¶mZo dmnamdoV d BVa n¶m©¶ EopÀN>H$
amhVrb Ago gy{MV Ho$bo.
4) H$bm, H$m¶m©Zw^d d emar[aH$ {ejU ¶m {df¶m§gmR>r àmË¶{jHo$ ¿¶mdrV d gm‘mÝ¶ {dkmZ {df¶mgmR>r
à`moJ ¿¶mdoV Ago gy{MV Ho$bo.

2K
CK
5) H¥$Vr/CnH«$‘, àH$ënmgh darb gd© gmYZm§Mm JwUXmZ H$aVmZm {ZH$fm§Mm EH${ÌV {dMma H$ê$Z
JwUXmZ H$amdo Ago {ZpíMV Ho$bo.
6) MmMUr KoVmZm emimnmVirda doimnÌH$ {ZpíMV H$ê$Z AZm¡nMm{aH$ dmVmdaUmV ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$amdo.
7) {ZdS>boë¶m gmYZV§ÌmÀ¶m ‘XVrZo AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XçmdoV ‘mÌ gÌmV EH$Xm gmYZmMo A§JmZo
‘yë¶‘mnZ åhUyZ {dMma H$ê$Z JwUXmZ H$amdo.
8) BVa gmYZm§‘Ü¶o ñdV:Mo H$m‘ d gmo~Ë¶mMo H$m‘ ¶mMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$go ¿¶mdo ¶mMo ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ¶mV
Ambo.
9) A{V[a³V nyaH$ ‘mJ©Xe©ZmMr {Xem ñnîQ> H$aÊ¶mV Ambr.
10) darb gd© gmYZ V§Ìo AÜ¶¶Z AÜ¶mnZmÀ¶m doir dmnamd¶mMr Agë¶mZo H$moUVo gmYZ dmnabo ¶mMr
Zm|X X¡Z§{XZ Q>mMUmV H$amdr.
gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶m à{H«$¶oV {dXçmÏ¶mªMo AmH$m[aH$ d g§H${bV ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVmZm
{ejH$m§Zr {d{dY AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d XoD$Z ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. dJ© AÜ¶mnZ H$aVmZm {dXçmÏ¶mªZm
{d{dY AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d XoUo JaOoMo Amho. ‘yë¶‘mnZ ^mJ-1 d 2 ¶m nwpñVH$m§_Üò {d{dY V§Ìo d gmYZo
¶m§Mm dmna H$gm H$amdm ¶m~m~V ¶mo½¶ ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bobo Amho.
{ejH$m§À¶m ‘ZmV AOyZhr H$mhr e§H$m AmhoVM. ¶m e§H$m, AS>MUtÀ¶m {ZamH$aUmMm {dMma H$ê$Z hr
nwpñVH$m V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho. ¶m‘Ü¶o àm‘w»¶mZo {df¶/nmR>çm§e {eH${dVmZm Ë¶m nmR>çmem§Mo g§~§Yr
AmnUm§g {H$Vr {d{dY àH$mao AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d AÜ¶mnZmV XoVm ¶oVmV, ¶m g§~§YrMr ^y{‘H$m Z_wZm
nmR>çm§emÀ`m _XVrZo ¶m nwpñVHo$V ‘m§S>Ê¶mV Ambr Amho. ¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dmMr aMZm H$aVmZm AÜ¶¶Z
AÜ¶mnZmV ‘yë¶‘mnZmVrb {d{dY gmYZ V§Ìm§Mo {H$Vr ghOVoZo Cn¶moOZ hmoVo ho bjmV AmUyZ XoÊ¶mMm
à¶ËZ H$aÊ¶mV Ambm Amho. AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ d ‘yë¶‘mnZ ho {^ÝZ ZgyZ Vo EH$mË_ nX²YVrZo H$aUo
Amdí`H$ Amho; Ë¶m‘wio Vo doJio Z H$aVm kmZaMZmdmXr AÜ``Z AÜ¶mnZmVyZ H$go hmoVo ho OmUdyZ XoÊ¶mMm
à¶ËZ H$aÊ¶mV Ambm Amho. Ë¶mM~amo~a BVa gmYZmMr g{dñVa AmoiI, àíZn{ÌH$m H$mT>VmZm {d{dY
ñVam§Mo àíZ H$go H$mT>Vm ¶oVrb, {dXçmÏ¶mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg bjmV KoVm gO©Zerb àíZ, ‘w³VmoËVar
àíZ, {dMmaàdV©H$ àíZ ¶m§Mmhr g‘mdoe Ho$bm Amho. VgoM N>moQ>çm H$mbmdYrMr nwñVH$m{edm¶ MmMUr,
nwñVH$mgh MmMUr ¶m MmMÊ¶m§Mmhr Z‘wÝ¶mXmIb g‘mdoe Ho$bm Amho; ¶mMm {ejH$m§Zr ‘yë¶‘mnZ à{H«$¶oV,
AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oV {dMma H$amdm. ‘yë¶‘mnZ AÜ¶¶Z AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oMmM ^mJ g‘OyZ {ejUmMr
à{H«$¶m à^mdr H$aÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ H$ê$ ¶m.

3K
CK
àH$aU 2 : AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ d ‘yë¶‘mnZ

g§H$ënZm
AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òVZy {dXçmÏ`mªMo Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejU hmoV.o `m à{H«$òVZy {dXçmÏ`mªZm A{^ì`ŠVrMr
g§Yr {_iV AgVo. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ¶m A{^ì`ŠVrV {d{dYVm AgVo. boIr A{^ì`ŠVr hr ñdmÜ`m` d dJ©H$m`©
`m _mÜ`_m§VyZ Va Vm|S>r A{^ì`ŠVr hr {ZdoXZ, MMm©, àíZmoËVao, g§^mfU `m _mÜ`_m§VyZ hmoV AgVo.
{eH$V AgVmZm {dXçmÏ`mªZm {d{dY H¥$Vr H$amì`m bmJVmV. `m H¥$VtVyZ {dXçmÏ`mªZm g§H$ënZm,
g§~moY, {Z`_-VËËdo A{YH$ ñnîQ> hmoVmV. `m§VyZ {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma H$aUo, {díbofU H$aUo, VH©$ d AZw_mZ
H$aUo, {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo `m ñdê$nmÀ`m {eH$Ê`mÀ`m gd`r {dH${gV hmoVmV.
H¥$Vr d àmË`{jH$mÀ`m _mÜ`_m§VyZ g§H$ënZm-g§~moY ñnîQ> hmoVmV. CnH«$_mVyZ AÜ``ZmMo n¡by ñnîQ>
hmoVmV d g§H$ënZm ÑT> hmoVmV. à`moJmVyZ nS>Vmim KoD$Z {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo, Va àH$ënmVyZ _m{hVr {_i{dUo,
g§X^© hmVmiUo, {díbofU H$aUo, {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo `m ~m~r KS>V AgVmV.
AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZmMr hr gmYZoM gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZmV AmH$m[aH$ _yë`_mnZmMr gmYZo
åhUyZ ñdrH$mabr AmhoV.
1. AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV _yë`_mnZmÀ`m gmYZ V§Ìm§Mr Cn`wŠVVm
B AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZmMo {Z`moOZ H$aVmZm gmYZ V§Ìm§Mm {dMma Ho$ë`mZo AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV
Zo_Ho$nUm òD$Z CX²{XîQ> àmßVr ghO hmoVo.
B nmR>çm§e d gmYZ V§Ìm§Mr gm§JS> KmVë`mZo nmR>çm§emVrb ~maH$mdm bjmV òVmo d AÜ`mnZmMr {Xem
ñnîQ> Pmë`mZo AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$`m à^mdr hmoVo.
B _yë`_mnZmMr gmYZ V§Ìo hr AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV {Z`{_V dmnaë`mg _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mMr
{Xem ñnîQ> hmoVo. _yë`_mnZ ho AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òMm A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Amho.
B gmYZ-V§Ìm§Mm AÜ``Z à{H«$òV {Z`{_V dmna Ho$ë`mZo {dXçmÏ`mªMo AÜ``Z gwb^ hmoVo. AÜ``Z-
AÜ`mnZmVrb C{Udm g_OVmV d A{V[aŠV nyaH$ _mJ©Xe©ZmMr {Xem {ZpíMV H$aVm òVo. Ë`mVyZ
AÜ``ZmV JVr àmßV H$aVm òVo.
gmYZ V§ÌmMo Cn`moOZ
_yë`_mnZmMr gmYZ V§Ìo X¡Z§{XZ AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òV H$er g_m{dîQ> AmhoV `mMr {Xem ñnîQ>
hmoÊ`mgmR>r AmH$m[aH$ _yë`_mnZmVrb {d{dY gmYZ V§Ìo g_OyZ KoUo JaOoMo Amho.
1) X¡Z§{XZ {ZarjU
B X¡Z{§ XZ {ZarjU ho _wbmMo {eH$Uo g_OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r Amho VgoM Ë`mMr AmdS>, H$b, d¡{eîQ>çnyU© ~m~r
AÜ``ZmVrb AS>Wio bjmV `mdoV `mgmR>r Amho.
4K
CK
B AmnU {dXçmÏ`m©Mo ghoVHw $ {ZarjU H$am`bm bmJbmo H$s, hiyhiy Ë`m§À`m ì`pŠV_ËËdmMo Z OmUdbobo
n¡by Amnë`mnwT>o òD$ bmJVrb.
CXm - ñdV: H${dVm H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo.
- g§»òVrb A§H$m§À`m ñWmZm{df`r gwñnîQ>Vm Zgë`mZo _m§S>UrV MwH$m H$aVmo.
2. Vm|S>r H$m‘
B ho gmYZ V§Ì àH$Q> dmMZ, àíZmoËVao, ^mfU-g§^mfU, ZmQ>çrH$aU, _wbmIV, JQ>MMm© BË`mXtX²dmao
KoVm òB©b.
B Vm|S>r H$m_mX²dmao {dXçmÏ`mªMr g_O, A{^éMr d A{^ì`ŠVr nS>VmiVm òVo.
B {df`{Zhm` nmR>çm§emMm {dMma H$ê$Z Vm|S>r H$m_mMo ñdê$n R>admdo.
CXm - ~mobUo, gm§JUo, dmMUo, {MÌdU©Z H$aUo, g§dmX H$aUo, Vm|S>r {heo~ H$aUo, àíZ {dMmaUo.
- àH$Q> dmMZ, g§^mfU, àíZmoËVao, Vm|S>r {heo~, JQ>MMm©, dU©Z, à{V{H«$`m XoUo, AZw^d H$WZ
H$aUo, {ZdoXZ H$aUo d gmXarH$aU H$aUo.
CXm - CVmam, JmoîQ> `m§Mo àH$Q> dmMZ H$aVmo.
3. H¥$Vr / CnH«$_
* H¥$Vr
B H¥$Vr hr EImXçm {d{eîQ> hoVygmR>r EH$mM doir nyU© Ho$br OmVo.
B H¥$Vrg bmJUmam H$mbmdYr H$_r AgVmo.
CXm - JQ>mVrb dñVy _moOUo.
- H$mJXmMr KS>r KmbUo.
- gm§{JVbobm nmT>m åhUUo.
* CnH«$_
B CnH«$_ åhUOo hoVy R>odyZ Ho$boë`m H¥$VtMr _m{bH$m AgVo.
B CnH«$_ EH$mZ§Va EH$ H¥$Vr H$ê$Z {d{eîQ> H$mbmdYrV nyU© Ho$bm OmVmo.
B CnH«$_mVyZ {dXçmWu ñdV: kmZàmßVr H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmo. Ë`mVyZ g§H$ënZm ñnîQ> hmoD$Z Ë`m ÑT>
hmoVmV.
CXm - Omo {XZm§H$ Vmo nmT>m åhUUo.
- dV©_mZnÌmVrb JmoîQ>tMr H$mÌUo O_{dUo.
- {dXçmWu ~MV ~±H$ Mmb{dUo.
- n[agamVrb IS>H$m§Mo Z_wZo Jmoim H$aUo.

5K
CK
3. àmË`{jH$ / à`moJ
* àmË`{jH$
B EImXr g§H$ënZm A{YH$ ñnîQ> hmoÊ`mgmR>r gm{hË`mÀ`m hmVmiUrVyZ AZw^d KoVm òVmo.
B H$mhr àmË`{jHo$ gm{hË`m{edm` Ho$br OmVmV. Ogo - H$dm`V, _Zmoao, AmgZ
B hr {H«$`m _yV© ñdê$nmMr AgVo.
CXm - ~m§JS>rMm dmna H$ê$Z dVw©i H$mT>Uo.
- H$mJXmMr {nedr V`ma H$aUo.
- JmiU H$mJXmMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z nXmW© doJio H$aUo.
* à`moJ
B EImXr {H«$`m dma§dma Ho$ë`mZo H$m` KS>Vo ho Aä`mgbo OmVo d Zo_Ho$nUm emoYbm OmVmo.
B gma»`mM {H«$`m dma§dma H$ê$Z Ë`mVrb Zo_H$m JwUY_©, VËËdo emoYbr OmVmV.
B EImXo gyÌ, {Z`_, VËËd, g§H$ënZm BË`mXtMm nS>Vmim KoÊ`mgmR>r gma»`mM {H«$`m AZoH$ doim
H$ê$Z {ZîH$f© H$mT>bm OmVmo.
D à`moJ - Mm¡agmMr n[a{_Vr d ~mOyMr bm§~r `mVrb g§~§Y emoYUo.
hoVy - Mm¡agmMr n[a{_Vr hr ~mOyÀ`m bm§~rÀ`m Mma nQ> AgVo ho emoYUo.
gm{hË` - Mm¡agmH¥$Vr nwR²>R>o, Xmoam, _moOnQ²>Q>r
H¥$Vr -
- EH$m Mm¡agmMr EH$ ~mOy _moOmdr.
- Ë`m Mm¡agmMr n[a{_Vr Xmoè`mZo _moOmdr.
- Xmoè`mMr bm§~r _moOmdr.
- n[a{_Vr d EH$m ~mOyMr bm§~r `m§Mm g§~§Y {bhmdm. Ogo-n[a{_Vr ~mOyÀ`m Mma nQ>
- darb H¥$Vr Mm¡ag ~XbyZ VrZ doim H$amdr.
- gd© doir ~mOy d n[a{_Vr `m§Vrb g§~§Y Aä`mgmdm.
{ZîH$f© - Mm¡agmMr n[a{_Vr hr ~mOyÀ`m bm§~rÀ`m Mma nQ> AgVo.
4. àH$ën
B nwñVH$mÀ`m nbrH$S>o OmD$Z {dXçmÏ`mªZm ñd`§AÜ``ZmMr gd` bmJÊ`mgmR>r àH$ën Cn`wŠV
R>aVmV.
B EImXm {df` qH$dm g_ñ`m KoD$Z Aä`mg Ho$bm OmVmo.
àH$ënmÀ`m nm`è`m
- àH$ënmV hoVyÀ`m AZwf§JmZo _m{hVr Jmoim H$aUo.
- Jmoim Ho$boë`m _m{hVrMo {díbofU H$aUo.
6K
CK
- {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo, gmXarH$aU H$aUo.

Ame` g_mZ R>odyZ AÜ``Z AZw^dmV {d{dYVm AmUë`mg H¥$Vr, CnH«$_, àmË`{jH$ `mgma»`m
_yë`_mnZmÀ`m gmYZm§Mm g_mdoe AÜ``Z à{H«$òV H$gm hmoVmo ho nwT>rb gmaUrdê$Z ñnîQ> hmoVo.
CX²Xoe {dXçmÏ`mªZr H$amd`mMo H$m_ gmYZ V§Ì
^yJmob
EH$m {XdgmMr M§ÐmMr EH$m {XdgmMo {ZarjU H$ê$Z Zm|X H$aUo. H¥$Vr
pñWVr nmhUo.
M§ÐmÀ`m pñWVrVrb n§Yam {Xdgm§À`m H¥$Vr Zm|X H$aUo. CnH«$_/àH$ën
~Xb g_OUo. M§ÐmÀ`m àH$m{eV hmoUmè`m ^mJmg§~§Yr {dYmZ H$aUo.
~Xbm§V hmoUmar _{hZmâmVrb Xa XmoZ {Xdgm§Vrb pñWVrMr Ho$bobr àH$ën
{ZpíMVVm Aä`mgUo. Zm|X nmhÿZ {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo d {ZdoXZ H$aUo.
H$bm
ZjrH$m_mMo R>go KoUo. dñVy§darb ZjrH$m_mMo R>go KoU.o H¥$Vr
ZjrH$m_m§Mo Z_wZo {_i{dUo. dñVy§darb ZjrH$m_m§Mo R>go KoD$Z {MH$Q> dhr H$aUo. CnH«$_
{d{dY ZjrH$m_m§Mm {d{dY {R>H$mUÀ`m (bmHy$S>, dmnamVrb dñVy, B_maVr, àH$ën
{ZarjUmAmYmao Aä`mg ZmUr, _yVu B.) ZjrH$m_mMo R>go KoD$Z Ë`m~m~V
H$aUo. {ZdoXZ H$aUo.
5. ñdmÜ`m` / dJ©H$m`©
B dJ©AÜ``Zmdoir, AÜ``ZmZ§Va {dXçmÏ`mªZm dJm©V qH$dm dJm©~mhoa ñd`§AÜ``Z d ÑT>rH$aU
hmoÊ`mgmR>r àíZ XoD$Z AWdm H$m`© XoD$Z ñdmÜ`m`/dJ©H$m`© H$aVm òVo.
B ñdmÜ`m`/dJ©H$m`© ho nmR>çm§e/H$m¡eë` `m§da AmYm[aV AgVmV.
B ñdmÜ`m`/dJ©H$m`m©V {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m {dMmamg MmbZm d gO©ZerbVobm dmd XoVm òVmo.
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d ¶moOZoÀ¶m dmnamMr {Xem :
B EImXçm nmR>mVyZ Ano{jV CX²{XîQ>mM§ r nyVV© m hmoÊ`mgmR>r AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òMo {Z`moOZ H$amdo.
B EH$mM CnKQ>H$mgmR>r AZoH$ gmYZ V§Ìo d EH$m gmYZ V§ÌmgmR>r AZoH$ nmR>çm§e Agmhr {dMma
{Z`moOZ H$aVmZm H$amdm.
B àË`j nmR> KoVmZm {Z`mo{OV gmYZ V§Ì{Zhm` AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$`m hmoB©b Ago nmhmdo.
B gmYZ V§Ìm§Mr X¡{ZH$ Q>mMUmV Zm|X H$amdr.

7K
CK
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d ¶moOZm

{Z`moOZ d H$m`©dmhr
dm{f©H$ {Z`moOZ H$aUo (gÌ{Zhm` d _{hZm{Zhm` nmR>çm§e).

_m{gH$ {Z`moOZ H$aUo (nmR>çm§e d gmYZ V§Ì `m§Mm g_Ýd`).

X¡{ZH$ {Z`moOZ H$aUo (nmR>çm§e CnKQ>H$ d gmYZ V§Ìo `m§Mm g_Ýd`).

CnKQ>H$-nmR>çm§emgmR>r dmnaVm òVrb Ë`m gmYZm§Mr `mXr H$aUo.

gmYZ V§Ì, Ë`mgmR>rMr H$m`©nX²YVr {ZpíMV H$aUo.

àË`j AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$`m d _yë`_mnZ
WmoS>ogo bj XoD$ `m
{ejH$ {_Ìm§Zmo, gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZmMm ZdrZ ÑpîQ>H$moZ d H$m`©nX²YVrMm AmnUm§g `mnyduM
n[aM` Pmbm Amho. _yë`_mnZmV {dXçmÏ`mªMm {d{dY gmYZm§VyZ à{VgmX nS>Vmibm OmVmo. _J Á`m ~m~r
nS>Vmië`m OmUma AmhoV, Vgo AÜ``Z AZw^d XoUo Ano{jV Amho. nmR>çm§emÀ`m ñdê$nmdê$Z AÜ``Z
AZw^d XoVmZm Vo H¥$VrÀ`m AmYmao, H$Yr àmË`{jH$mÀ`m AmYmao, H$Yr CnH«$_, àH$ën, à`moJ BË`mXtMr
`moOZm H$ê$Z AÜ``Z-AZw^d XçmdoV. Ë`mM~amo~a {dXçmÏ`mªVrb gO©ZerbVm d {dMma à{H«$`m, H¥${VerbVm
BË`mXtZm g§Yr {Xbr OmB©b, Ë`mM~amo~a H¥$VtMo, ñdmÜ`m`mMo, dJ©H$m`m©Mo, Vm|S>r H$m_mgmR>r àíZ {Xbo
OmdoV. `m ~m~r AÜ``Z-AZw^dm§V ghOVoZo g_m{dîQ> Ho$ë`mg _yë`_mnZ dñVw{ZîR>nUo d gwb^VoZo H$aVm
òV.o
`mgmR>r nwT>o {df`{Zhm` AÜ``Z-AZw^d `moOZm H$er H$amdr d Vo H$go ¿`mdo `mMr CXmhaUo {Xbr
AmhoV. Vr CXmhaUo Aä`mgyZ AmnUm§g Ver AÜ``Z AZw^d `moOZm H$am`Mr Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r {df`{Zhm`
AÜ``Z-AZw^d `moOZm Aä`mgy `m.
BBB

8K
CK
àH$aU 3 : AÜ``Z AZw^dmVrb {d{dYVm

~mbH$ qH$dm H$moUVrhr ì`ŠVr gVV Amnë`m AZw^dm§Mm ñdV: AW© bmdV AgVo. ñdV:À`m _ZmV nydm©Z^w dm§Zgw ma
kmZmMr {Z{_©Vr H$aV AgVo. {ejH$m§Zr {Xbobr kmZ _m{hVr OerÀ`m Ver {dXçmWu ñdV:À`m _ZmV gmR>dV ZmhrV
Va Ë`m§Zm hmoUmam ~moY, AmH$bZ ì`ŠVr gmnoj AgVo. ho AmH$bZ `mo½` àH$mao Pmbo H$s Zmhr ho {ejH$m§Zr
{dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m à{VgmXmMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z bjmV ¿`m`Mo d {dXçmÏ`m©bm `mo½` Vo AmH$bZ hmoBb© , Aem VèhoZo AÜ``Z
AZw^d Xçm`Mo hr _hËËdmMr g§H$ënZm kmZaMZmdmXmZo _m§S>br Amho. kmZaMZmdmXr g§H$ënZm `m àË`j ì`dhmamVrb
_mZdr AÜ``ZmMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z _m§S>bëo `m Agë`m_wio A{YH$ Cn`wŠV Am{U dmñVdmÀ`m Odi OmUmè`m AmhoV;
na§Vw Ë`m am~{dÊ`mgmR>r AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ à{H«$òMo ñdê$n Am_ybmJ« ~XbÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. Ë`mM à_mUo
gOJ, g§dXo Zerb, g{H«$`, gj_ d qMVZerb {ejH$mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.
¶m ÑîQ>rZo Amnë¶m AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d ¶moOZog§~§Yr AmË‘narjU H$ê$ ¶m. Ë¶mgmR>r Imbrb àíZm§Mr ‘XV
hmoBb
© .
Amnë¶m gÜ¶mÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oMo ñdê$n H$go Amho?
Amnë¶m ‘Vo ¶m AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oMo ñdê$n H$go Agmdo?
¶mgmR>r ¶m AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oV H$moUVo ~Xb H$amdo bmJVrb?
ho ~Xb H$go H$aVm ¶oVrb?
¶mo½¶ ~Xbm§H$S>o dmQ>Mmb H$aÊ¶mgmR>r àW‘ nwT>rb {ZX}e bjmV KoD$ ¶m.
amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2005 _Yrb {ZX}e
kmZ emio~mhoarb OJmer OmoS>Uo.
KmoH§$nQ²>Q>rVyZ {ejUmMr gmoS>dUyH$ H$aUo.
{ejU nmR>çnwñVH$ H|${ÐV Z amhVm ‘wbm§À¶m gdmªJrU dmT>rgmR>r Ë¶mMm Cn¶moJ hmoUo.
narjm OmñV bdMrH$ hmoD$Z dJm©Vrb OrdZmer EH$mË‘ H$aUo.
‘wbo dmT>{dVmZm bmoH$emhr YmoaUm§Zm àmYmÝ¶H«$‘ XoÊ¶mMr JaO Amho.
amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m -2010 _Yrb {ZX}e
àË¶oH$ ‘wbmbm Ë¶mÀ¶m AmdS>rMo, Ë¶mMm AmË‘{dídmg dmT>{dUmao Am{U Ë¶mMo OrdZ g‘¥X²Y
H$aob Ago JwUdËVmnyU© {ejU AmnwbH$sÀ¶m d AmZ§XXm¶r dmVmdaUmV {‘imdo.
AÜ¶¶ZmVrb ‘m{hVrMo AmoPo H$‘r H$amdo.
~mbH$m§À¶m ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 H$b_ 29 Zwgma
Aä¶mgH«$‘ d ‘yë¶‘mnZ à{H«$¶m {ZYm©[aV H$aVmZm nwT>rb ~m~r bjmV ¿`mì`mV.
H$) g§{dYmZmV Agboë¶m ‘yë¶m§er A{^g§JV AgUo.
I) ~mbH$mMm gdªH$f {dH$mg gmYUo.
J) ~mbH$mMo kmZ, j‘Vm d {deof ~wX²{Y‘ËVm {dH${gV H$aUo.
K) emar[aH$ d ~m¡X²{YH$ j‘Vm§Mm OmñVrV OmñV {dH$mg H$aUo.
L>)~mbgwb^ d ~mbH|${ÐV nX²YVrZo CnH«$‘, emoY d g§emoYZ ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘m§VyZ {ejU XoUo.
N>)~mbH$mbm ^rVr, XS>nU d {M§Vm ¶m§nmgyZ ‘w³V R>odUo Am{U Amnbr ‘Vo ‘w³VnUo ì¶³V
H$aÊ¶mg Ë¶mbm ‘XV H$aUo.
O) ~mbH$mÀ¶m kmZ AmH$bZmMo ì¶mnH$ d AI§S>nUo ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aUo Am{U Ë¶mH$[aVm Ë¶mMr
¶mo½¶Vm dmT>{dUo.
9K
CK
g§dXo ZerbVm
dŠVeranUm
ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUm
d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ
gm¡OÝèrbVm
l_à{VîR>m
_yëò
ñÌr-nwéf g_mZVm
gd©Y_©g_^md
amîQ´>^ŠVr
amîQ´>r` EH$mË_Vm
^maVr` ñdmV§Í` MidirMm B{Vhmg
g§{dYm{ZH$ O~m~Xmè`m
amîQ´>r` Apñ_Vm OmonmgÊ`mgmR>r
Amdí`H$ Ame`
^maVmMm gm_mB©H$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmagm
g_Vm, bmoH$emhr d Y_©{ZanojVm
ñÌr-nwéf g_mZVm
n`m©daU g§ajU
Jm^m gm_m{OH$ AS>gam§Mo {Z_yb
© Z
KQ>H$
bhmZ Hw$Qw>~§ mMm AmXe©
d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ
_{hbm d AÝ` Xþ~b © KQ>H$m§Mo g~brH$aU
~wXY² r, ^mdZm d H¥$Vr `m§Mm g_Ýd`
OmJ{VH$sH$aU d ñWm{ZH$sH$aU `m§Mm _oi
10 K
CK
"ñd'Mr OmUrd
g_mZmZw^yVr
g_ñ`m {ZamH$aU
{ZU©` j_Vm
n[aUm_H$maH$ g§àfo U
OrdZ ì`ŠVr-ì`ŠVt_Yrb ghg§~Y§

H$m¡eëò gO©Zerb {dMma
{M{H$ËgH$ {dMma
^mdZm§Mo g_m`moOZ
VmUVUmdm§Mo g_m`moOZ
amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m-2005, amÁ` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m 2010, ~mbH$m§Mm

_mo\$V d gŠVrÀ`m {ejUmMm hŠH$ A{Y{Z`_ 2009 _Yrb Anojm d {ZX}em§Mr nyVV© m d _yëò,
Jm^m KQ>H$ d OrdZ H$m¡eëò `mMm n[anmof H$aÊ`mgmR>r AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^dmMo ñdê$n H$go Agmdo,
AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ d ‘yë¶‘mnZmMm EH$mpË‘H$ ñdê$nmV AZw^d H$gm Xçmdm Ago àíZ Amnë¶m
‘ZmV {Z‘m©U hmoUo ñdm^m{dH$ Amho. ho H$m‘ Vgo AdKS> Zmhr. ¶mgmR>r AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^dm§Mo ñdê$n
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11 K
CK
{df¶ - àW‘ ^mfm - ‘amR>r

‘amR>r Amnbr ‘mV¥^mfm, àmW{‘H$ ñVamda doimnÌH$mV àW_ ^mfobm 13 Vm{gH$m Va CÀM àmW{‘H$
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bmJë¶m? ¶mV AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dmV H$er Am{U H$moUVr {d{dYVm AmUbr hmoVr? ñdV:erM nS>VmiyZ nmhm.
AmVm nwT>rb nmR> nmhm....
nmR>mMm Z‘wZm
B¶ËVm -2 ar nmR> H«$. 16 {M‘UrMm KaQ>m
{Md {Md {Md ao& {VH$S>o Vy H$moU ao? {M‘Urbm ‘J nmonQ> ~mobo,
"H$mdio XmXm, H$mdio XmXm "H$m Jo VwPo S>moio Amobo?'
‘mPm KaQ>m Zobmg, ~m~m?' "H$m¶ gm§Jy ~m~m, Vwbm?
'Zmhr J ~mB©, {M‘wVmB©, ‘mPm KaQ>m H$moUr Zobm?' &&4&&
VwPm KaQ>m H$moU ZoB©?' &&1&&
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KaQ>o ‘moSy>Z Vy H$m Omer?' qnOam {H$Vr N>mZ ‘mPm!
"Zmhr J ~mB©, ‘moS>rZ H$er? gJim erU OmB©b VwPm' &&5&&
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OmD$ Hw$R>o? amhÿ Hw$R>o? amhrZ ‘r KaQ>çm{dZm!'
Jar~ {~Mmè¶m {M‘Urbm, {M‘Ur CSy>Z Jobr amZm &&6&&
gJio Q>nbo N>iÊ¶mbm' &&3&&
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dmQ>Umar AmnwbH$s, ñdmV§Í`m{df`rMo ào_, gwa{jVVm d ñdmV§Í` `mVrb g§Kf© hm J{^©V AW©hr H${dVoVZy nwT>o
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12 K
CK
`m nmR>m~m~V {d{dY AÜ``Z - AZw^dmà_mUo XoVm òVrb.

ney-njr d Ë¶m§Mo {Zdmao ¶m§À¶m {MÌm§À¶m OmoS>çm Owi{dÊ¶mMm Ioi KoVm ¶oB©b.
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gw{dYm, gwImnojm ñdV:À`m Kam{df`r AmnwbH$s d ñdmV§Í¶ ¶mbm ‘hËËd XoUmar JmoîQ> gm§JVm ¶oBb © .
(n[a{eîQ>)
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Amnbo Ka H$m AmdS>Vo? ¶m§gmaIo àíZ {dMmê$Z àíZmoËVao/ MMm©/AZw^d H$WZ/AZw^d boIZ
KoVm ¶oB©b.
H${dVoMo àH$Q> dmMZ, VmbmgwamV gm{^Z¶ Jm¶Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
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ñdmV§Í¶m{df¶rMo ào‘ ¶m ‘wX²Xçmda AmYm[aV KoVm ¶oB©b.
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{dXçmÏ¶mªMo XmoZ JQ> H$ê$Z qnOè¶mVbo nmonQ> d PmS>mdaMo nmonQ> `m§À`m ñdmV§Í` d nmaV§Í`mVrb
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àmUr d Ë¶m§Zm OmoS>bobo ZmVog§~§Y `m§Mr ¶mXr H$aUo. ñdV:M>o ZmVo g§~§Y gm§JUo. (H$mH$m, ‘m‘m,
_mder B.)
nmR>mImbrb ñdmÜ¶m¶ gmoS>{dUo, àíZmW©H$ dm³¶, g‘mZ CÀMmamZo eodQ> hmoUmao eãX emoYUo
`m~amo~aM _r {M‘Ur ~mobVo¶....H$WZ H$aUo, {M‘UrÀ¶m OmJr Vwåhr AgVm Va...BË`mXr ‘w³V
A{^ì¶³Vrg dmd AgUmè¶m ~m~r KoVm ¶oVrb .
nyaH$ gm{hË¶mMo dmMZ KoVm ¶oB©b.
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VgoM AÝ` KQ>H$m§gmR>r Aem H$moUH$moUË`m {d{dY AÜ``Z AZw^dm§Mr `moOZm H$aVm òB©b `mMm
{dMma H$am d `moOZm V`ma H$am.
¶m AÜ¶¶Z - AZw^dm§VyZ H$m¶ gmÜ¶ hmoD$ eH$Vo?
nmR>çH«$_mVrb CX²{XîQ>m§À`m nyV©VoMm {dMma -
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Ame` ñdV:À`m eãXm§V gm§JVm òUo, {dMmaboë`m àíZm§Mr CËVao XoVm òUo, bhmZ-_moR>o g_d`ñH$
`m§À`mer ~mobVmZm C{MV eãXm§Mm dmna H$aVm òUo; _ZmVrb ^md {dMma ì`ŠV H$aVm òUo `mgma»`m
CX²{XîQ>m§À`m nyV©VoÀ`m {XeoZo {dXçmÏ`mªMm à{VgmX {XgyZ òB©b.
13 K
CK
amîQ´>r` d amÁ` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m, {ejU hŠH$ H$m`XçmVrb {ZX}em§Mm {dMma -

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O_dUo, JmoîQ>rVrb amOyÀ`m {R>H$mUr ñdV:bm H$ënyZ, {M_UrEodOr _r AgVmo Va..... `m H$ënZm ñdV:À`m
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AmZ§XXm`r H$arV AmhoV Ago KmoH§$nQ²>Q>rnmgyZ _wŠV _m{hVrMo AmoPo H$_r H$aUmao AÜ``Z AZw^d XoVm
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_yëò d OrdZ H$m¡eë`m§Mm {dMma
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AmdaV KaQ>çmMm emoY gwê$ Ho$bobm Amho. Ho$di H$mdioXmXm, H${nbm_mder `m EH$ XmoKm§H$S>oM Vr Mm¡H$er
H$ê$Z Wm§~bobr Zmhr. Vr WmoS>r {Zame Oar Pmbr Var `mo½` {ZU©` H$gm ¿`m`Mm ho {M_Urbm g_OVo Amho.
åhUyZM Vr nmonQ>mÀ`m qnOè`mV amhÊ`mg OmV Zmhr. Ka Zgë`mda H$m` hmoVo `mMr OmUrd nmonQ>mbm Amho
åhUyZ g_mZmZw^yVrMr ^mdZm Ë`mÀ`mV {XgVo.
qnOè`mVrb nmonQ> d PmS>mdarb nmonQ>, nmird Hw$Ìm d ^Q>H$m Hw$Ìm `m§Zm {_iUmè`m gmo`r d AS>MU
`m§{df`r MMm©, ZmQ>çrH$aU `m_wio {díbofUmË_H$, {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma H$ê$Z n[aUm_H$maH$ g§àofU H$go
H$am`Mo `mMm AZw^d {dXçmÏ`mªZm XoVm òB©b. nmR>mÀ`m Ame`mMo AmH$bZ hmoV AgVmZm {dXçmÏ`mªZm
ñdV:Mm AZw^d H${dVoVrb Ame`mer OmoS>Ê`mMr g§Yr AÜ``Z AZw^dm§À`m d¡{dÜ`m§VyZ {_i{dVm òB©b.
Kam{df`r AmnwbH$s d ñdßZm§À`m {df`rMo ào_ `mMo AmH$bZ Ho$di nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb nmR>mÀ`m AmYmao Z hmoVm
{dXçmWu Ë`m§Mr g_mZmZw^yVr KoVm òB©b.
qnOè`mVrb nmonQ>, PmS>mdarb nmonQ>, nmird Hw$Ìm, ^Q>H$m Hw$Ìm, {M_UrÀ`m OmJr Vwåhr AgVm Va
B. AÜ``Z AZw^dmVyZ {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma, gO©Zerb {dMmam§Zm MmbZm XoVm òB©b. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m
A{^ì`ŠVrbm g§Yr XoVm òBb © . n[aga Aä`mg, ^yJmob, H$m`m©Z^w d BË`mXr ^mfoVa {df`m§Zmhr AmnUmg ñne©
H$aVm òB©b. ^mfoMo {deof - CÀMmam§V gmå` AgUmao eãX Omer - Vwer, àíZmW©H$ dmŠ` aMZm, àmÊ`m§Zm
OmoS>bb
o o ZmVog~§ Y§ d ñdV:Mo ZmVog~§ Y§ `m ~m~tMm {dMma H$aVm òBb
© . {M_Urbm nmonQ>mZo ñdV:À`m qnOè`mV
amhÊ`mg Am_§{ÌV H$aUo `mVyZ "gm¡OÝèrbVm' `m _yë`mMr éOdUyH$ H$aVm òB©b.
_yë`_mnZmMm {dMma
{_Ìm§Zmo "{M_UrMm KaQ>m' `m N>moQ>çmem H${dVoVyZ {H$Vr d H$go d¡{dÜ`nyU© AÜ``Z XoVm òVrb ho
AmnU nm{hboV. Vm|S>rH$m_, H¥$Vr, CnH«$_, àH$ën, ñdmÜ`m` B. AÜ``Z AZw^dmVyZ {dXçmWu AmZ§XmZo
gh^mJr hmoV AgVmZm AmnUmg {dXçmÏ`m©Mo {ZarjU H$aVm òB©b.
{_Ìm§Zmo, gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ ho doJio H$m` Amho? AmnU nm{hboë`m nmR>mV d¡{dÜ`nyU©
AÜ``Z AZw^d XoVmZm ZH$iV _yë`_mnZ hmoVM Amho. Vo AÜ``Z AÜ`mnZmV {daKiyZ Jobb o o Amho. Ë`m_wio
JaO Amho. AÜ``Z AÜ`mnZmV _yë`_mnZmV {d{dYVm AmUÊ`mMr!
14 K
CK
{df¶ - ^mfm B¶ËVm - ghmdr

nmR> H«$. 21 ^mH$arZo ‘bm KS>dbo boIH$ - {dídmg H$Mao
nmR>mMm Ame¶ …-
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AVmoZmV H$îQ>, {‘Ì d Hw$Qw>§~mMr ‘XV ¶m gdmªAmYmao boIH$mMr gm§n{ËVH$ pñWVr H$moQ>çdYr én¶m§Mr hmoV Jobr.
ho gd© hmoV AgVmZm boIH$mZo doimodoir {_i{dbobm n¡gm {d{dY ZmdrÝ`nyU© ~m~tV Jw§Vdbm. n¡gm {‘i{dÊ¶mnojm
{Z{‘©Vr‘Yrb AmZ§X Ë¶m§Zm A{YH$ dmQ>Vmo. "Á¶m ^mH$arZo ‘bm KS>dbo, Vr H$îQ> H$ê$Z ^yH$ bmJbr, Va nmoQ>â
{‘imdr; åhUyZ ‘r Aì¶mhV H$m‘ H$aV amhUma. ^mH$arZo ‘bm KS>{dbo, åhUyZ ‘r Agm KS>bmo!.... ‘mPm eodQ>Mm
ídmg d goH§$X eoVrgmR>r Cn¶moJmV AmUrZ', Ago boIH$ åhUVmo.
`m nmR>m~m~V nwT>rb AÜ``Z-AZw^d XoVm òVrb.
J[a~r åhUOo H$m`? Ë`m_wio AÝZ, dñÌ, {Zdmam d {ejU ¶m ‘yb^yV JaOm§da hmoUmao n[aUm_ `m ~m~V
JQ>MMm©. _wX²Xçm§Mo g§H$bZ H$aVm òB©b.
"n[agamVrb Jar~' ì¶³Vrer MMm©, Ë¶m§À`m AZw^dm§Mo boIZ KoVm òB©b.
nma§n[aH$ eoVr ì¶dgm¶ d AmYw{ZH$ eoVr ì¶dgm¶ ’$m¶Xo, VmoQ>o ¶mMr ñdV… ‘m{hVr {‘idyZ VwbZm H$aUo
d Ë¶mMm AÝZ, dñÌ, {Zdmam d {ejU ¶m§da n[aUm‘ VnmgUo. eoVrMr H$m‘o g‘OUo `m ~m~r H$aVm òVrb.
nmR>mMo àH$Q> dmMZ H$ê$Z Ame¶ g‘OyZ KoVm òB©b.
boIH$mMo ~mbnU, Ë¶m§Mr YS>nS>, d{S>bm§Mo {dMma, {‘Ìm§Mr d Hw$Qw>§~mMr ‘XV, {dH$mgmMm KQ>ZmH«$‘ d
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ZmQ>çrH$aU H$aUo, AmË‘H$WZmMo {ZdoXZ d Ë`mMo boIZ KoVm òB©b.
n[agamVrb gYZ / ¶eñdr Pmboë¶m ì¶³VtMr ‘wbmIV KoU;o Ë¶mgmR>r MM}VZ y àíZmdbr V¶ma H$aUo.
AmdS>bobo AZw^d {b{hUo ¶m ~m~r H$aVm ¶oVrb.
nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb ñdmÜ¶m¶ KoVm òVrb.
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H$aVm òB©b.
H$îQ> H$ê$Z ¶eñdr Pmboë¶m ì¶³VtMr M[aÌo {‘i{dUo, dmMUo Ë¶m§À¶m{df¶r dJm©V gm§JVm òB©b.

15 K
CK
B "^mH$arZo ‘bm KS>{dbo' ¶m nmR>mÀ¶m d¡{dÜ¶nyU© AÜ¶¶ZmVyZ H$m¶ gmÜ¶ Pmbo?

- ^mfm {ejUmMr CX²{XîQ>o, ^m{fH$ {deofm§Mm n[aM¶
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- ‘yë¶‘mnZmMm d¡{dÜ¶nyU© {dMma
- NCF 2005 d RTE - 2009 Vrb {ZX}{eV {dMmamMr gmÜ¶Vm.

16 K
CK
H$jm : gmVdr {df¶: qhXr

nmR> 7 : ^yH§$n
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Bg nmR> H$m n[aM¶ XoZo Ho$ {bE EH$ AÜ¶mnH$ Zo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE ZrMo {X¶o J¶o AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^dm|
H$s ¶moOZm H$s&
B Bg nmR> H$m nyd©kmZ OmZZo Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo ~m‹T> H$m EH$ {MÌ {XIm¶m& {Ogo XoIH$a N>mÌm|
Zo AnZr-AnZr ÑpîQ> go Cg {MÌ H$m dU©Z {H$¶m& {Og‘| Hw$N> N>mÌ {MÌ Ho$ AmJo OmH$a Hw$N> Am¡a ~VmZo
H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho Wo& {\$a CgH$m AmYma boH$a CÝhm|Zo XoIr hþB© AmnXm H$m dU©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm&
N>mÌ IwX XoIr hþB© AmnXm H$m dU©Z AnZo eãXm§o _§o H$aZo bJo&
B ¶o g~ OmZZo Ho$ ~mX CZH$mo nmR> H$s Va’$ bo OmVo hþE nmR> H$m àH$Q> dmMZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm&
nmR> H$m àH$Q >dmMZ H$aVo d³V CZHo$ Mohao na nmR> H$m Ame¶ {XImB© XoZo bJm& N>mÌm| Ho$ Mohao na Cg
{dZme brbm go hþE XþIm| H$s ^mdZm {XImB© Xr&
B nmR> H$m àH$Q> dmMZ H$aVo d³V ¶o ‘hgyg hþAm H$s nmR> ‘| Hw$N> eãX N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE An[a{MV
h¢& N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$m AW© ImoOZo Ho$ {bE H$hH$a dm³¶ ‘| à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm J`m& N>mÌm| Zo AnZo
eãXm| ‘§o CZ An[a{MV eãXm| H$m dm³¶m| ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m& Bg‘| A{YH$ CXmhaU XoZo H$s Oê$aV nS>r& O¡go
1) dO«nmV hmoZm 2) {ga MH$amZm 3) AmXr hmoZm 4) N>mn bJZm&

17 K
CK
B AmJo OmH$a N>mÌm| H$mo EH$ àíZ nyN>m, ""Amn dhm± ^yH§$n nr{S>V BbmHo$ ‘| OmVo Vmo H$m¡Zgr
ghm¶Vm H$aVo?'' N>mÌm| Zo AnZr AnZr Va’$ go ~hþV gmar ~mV| ~VmB©& Bggo OmZ {b¶m H$s, N>mÌ
AnZr Va’$ go ~hþV Hw$N> gmoMH$a ~Vm aho h¢&
B nmR> H$m Ame¶ g‘PZo Ho$ ~mX N>mÌm| Zo OmZ {b¶m H$s, AmnXmAm| ‘| h‘| Hw$N> gmdYm{Z¶m± ~aVZr
Mm{hE& {\$a N>mÌm| Ho$ JQ> H$aHo$ Cg‘| AmnXm H$m ñdê$n, n[aUm‘ Am¡a AmnXm Ho$ ~mao ‘| gmdYmZr BZ
‘wX²Xm| Ho$ AmYma na JQ>MMm© br& Bg‘| go ~hþV gmao ‘wX²Xo CâH$a gm‘Zo Am¶o&
B AmJo OmH$a N>mÌm| H$mo Bg AmË‘H$Wm H$mo nÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {bIZo Ho$ {bE H$hm& N>mÌm| Zo AnZo eãXm|
‘| AmË‘H$Wm H$m dU©Z {bIm&

B N>mÌm| H$mo Hw$N> àíZ XoH$a ñdmÜ¶m¶ {X¶m&
O¡go :
1) Odmhabmb Zohê$Or Zo {H$gmZm| go ~mV H$aVo g‘¶ ³¶m ‘hgyg {H$¶m?
2) Odmhabmb AnZr nËZr Ho$ gmW em§{V{ZHo$VZ ³¶m| J¶o?
3) ^yH§$n go ~Mo bmoJ ³¶m| ^¶^rV hmo aho Wo?
4) ^yH§$n nr{S>V BbmH$m| ‘| n§{S>V Zohê$Or Zo ³¶m XoIm?
5) ^yH§$n go ‘w±Joa eha ‘| H¡$go Ñí¶ {XImB© {X¶o?
6) ‘w±Joa eha ‘| ^yH§$n nr{S>V BbmH$m| ‘| H¡$gr ghm¶Vm H$s Om ahr Wr?
B ^yH§$n, ~mT>, ËgwZm‘r O¡gr AmnXmAm| Ho$ {MÌ VWm AmnXmAm| go g§~§{YV g‘mMmam| H$m g§J«h H$aZo
Ho$ {bE H$hm&

B "^yH§$n go hþAm {dZme' Bg {df` na {MÌ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE H$hm&
B ^yH§$n ³¶m| hmoVm h¡? Bgna nyaH$ dmMZ Ho$ {bE EH$ n[aÀN>oX {X¶m& (n¥îR> H«$. 77)
B nwñVH$mb¶ ‘| OmH$a AmnXmAm| Ho$ ~ma| ‘| A{YH$ OmZH$mar {bIZo Ho$ {bE H$hm&
B "^yH§$n -EH$ Z¡g{J©H$ AmnXm' Bg {df¶na N>mÌm| H$mo Xg n§p³V¶m± {bIZo Ho$ {bE H$hm&
B "^yH§$n' nmR> Ho$ {d{dY AÜ``Z AZw^dm|X²dmam Š`m gmÜ` hþAm?
Bg àH$ma "^yH§$n' Bg nmR> Ho$ {bE {d{dY AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d XoVo g‘¶ ¶o ‘hgyg hþAm H$s, AmnXmAm|
Ho$ XþIm| H$m ^mdmË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo Ed§ ghm¶Vm H$aZo Ho$ {bE N>mÌ àmoËgm{hV hmo aho h¡§& VZmd H$m
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo {H$ j‘Vm H$m {dMma N>mÌ H$aZo bJo h¢& g§doXZerbVm Am¡a gm¡OÝ¶erbVm O¡go ‘yë¶m| H$m
{dH$mg hmo ahm h¡& n¶m©daU g§ajU Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ O¡go Jm^m KQ>H$m| H$m ì¶p³V‘ËËd {dH$mg ‘|
g‘mdoe hmo ahm h¢&
¶o g~ AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d XoVo g‘¶ AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZ gmYZ-V§Ìmo H$m AbJVm go {dMma H$aZo
H$s OéaV Zht nS>r& ³¶m|{H$ AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d XoVo g‘¶ gmYZ-V§Ìm| H$m ghOVm go {dMma {H$¶m J¶m&
Bggo Xþgar ^mfm Ho$ CX²Xoí¶ g’$b hmoZo ‘| ~hþV gmar ~mVo hmo JB©& nmR> Ho$ {bE A{YH$ AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d
XoZo go AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ Am¡a ‘yë¶‘mnZ EH$ gmW hr hmo OmVm h¡§&
18 K
CK
English -Std - IV
The Doll
^mfm {eH$Ê¶mMm H«$‘ Listening , Speaking, Reading, Writing Agm AgVmo. ¶m ÑîQ>rZo
B¶ËVm Mm¡WrÀ¶m nwñVH$mVrb The Doll ¶m KQ>H$mMm Z‘wÝ¶mXmIb {dMma H$ê$ ¶m.
The Doll B¶ËVm-Mm¡Wr
Once there was a little girl. She had a nice doll. The
dolls eyes opened and shut. The little girl made a pink
dress for the doll. One day the doll fell on the floor and
broke .The little girl was very sad and cried for her doll.
Her mother said. " It is very sad but don't cry. We will save
up our money and buy a new doll." But the girl said, "Oh !
I love this doll. The new doll will not be nice.'' Her mother
said, "I am sure you will love the new doll too." So they
saved up money and got a new doll. It was nice doll too. It
had long hair and blue dress. But even then the little girl
loved the old doll best!
-M. G. Anderson
{dXçmÏ¶mªMm X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV {d{dY KQ>H$m§er g§~§Y ¶oV AgVmo. Ë¶m§À¶m AZw^dm§Mm {dMma H$ê$ ¶m.The
Doll ¶m nmR>çm§emMo AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d H$go XoVm ¶oVrb ho nmhÿ `m.
B Vwåhm§bm H$moUVr IoiUr AmdS>VmV? Vwåhr H$moUË¶m IoiÊ¶mer a‘Vm? Ago àíZ {dMmaVm ¶oVrb.
B Vw‘Mo AmdS>rMo IoiUo VwQ>bo qH$dm hadbo Va Vwåhm§bm H$go dmQ>ob? ¶m~m~V {dMmaVm ¶oB©b.
B Vwåhm§bm ~mhþþbr H$m AmdS>Vo? Vw‘À¶mH$S>o H$moUH$moUË¶m ~mhþë¶m AmhoV? Ago àíZ {dMmaVm ¶oVrb.
B {d{dY ~mhþë¶m hmVmiÊ¶mg XoD$Z, ¶m§n¡H$s H$moUVr ~mhþbr AmdS>br d H$m? ¶m{df¶r MMm© KoVm ¶oB©b.
B The Doll ¶m story Mo model reading H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b. Cassette Mm dmna H$aVm ¶oB©b.
B New words, rhyming words ¶m§Mm n[aM¶ hmoÊ¶mgmR>r 2 doim dmMZ H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
B [ejH$m§nmR>monmR> {dXçmÏ¶mªMo àH$Q> dmMZ KoVm ¶oB©b.
B Mother-girl ¶m nmÌm§gh nmR>mMo ZmQ>çrH$aU H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
B ‘wbrbm OwZrM ~mhþbr H$m AmdS>Vo? ¶m~m~V àíZ {dMmaVm ¶oVrb.
B ‘wbrbm AmB©Zo WmoS>o n¡go ~MV H$ê$Z ZdrZ ~mhþbr AmUbr. ¶mdê$Z ~MVrMr gd¶ bmdVm ¶oB©b,
~MVrMo ’$m¶Xo gm§JVm ¶oVrb. {dXçmWu ~MV ~±H$ ñWmnZ H$aVm ¶oB©b.

19 K
CK
B bhmZ ‘wbrbm OwZrM ~mhþbr AmdS>Vo- ¶mdê$Z Old is gold ¶m~m~V ñnîQ>rH$aU XoVm ¶oB©b.
B Old is gold ho ñnîQ> H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {d{dY CXmhaUo XoVm ¶oVrb. CXm- AmOrZo gm§{JVboë¶m JmoîQ>r
d Q>r. ìhr. dê$Z àgm[aV hmoUmè¶m JmoîQ>r ¶m§V VwbZm, OwZr d ZdrZ JmUr ¶m§V VwbZm.
B ~mhþbrMo {MÌ H$mTy>Z-~mhþbrÀ¶m {d{dY Ad¶dm§Zm B§J«OrVyZ Zmdo XoVm ¶oVrb.
B ~mhþbrÀ¶m {MÌmbm Ad¶dm§À¶m ZmdmÀ¶m {MR²>R>çm/H$mS²>©g bmdVm ¶oVrb. CXm. head, hand, eyes
ears, hair, legs.
B Q>mH$mD$ dñV§ynmgyZ {d{dY ~mhþë¶m V¶ma H$aUo, CXm. ‘moÁ¶mnmgyZ, qMÜ¶m§nmgyZ, H$mJXm§nmgyZ,
Mm°H$boQ>À¶m doîQ>Zm§nmgyZ BË¶mXr.
B Birbal stories Esoep stories, Panchtantra stories- ¶m dmMÊ¶mg XoVm ¶oVrb.
`m AÜ``Z AZw^dmVyZ H$m` gmÜ` Pmbo?

darb AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mm {dMma H$aVm AmnUm gdmªÀ¶m Ago bjmV ¶oBb © H$s, EH$M KQ>H$ {d{dY
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dmZo {eH${dVm ¶oBb © . VgoM {d{dY V§Ì,o OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o, ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrMm {ejUmMm
A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009(RTE)- ‘Yrb AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmMo {ZX}e Aem {d{dY KQ>H$m§Zm AàË¶jnUo ñne©
hmoBb
© M. åhUOoM ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr Or gmYZ V§Ìo {Xbobr AmhoV Vr H$mhr doJir ZmhrV ho Amnë¶m bjmV ¶oBb © .
àíZ {dMmaVmZm AmnU Vm|S>r H$m‘ ¶m V§ÌmMm dmna Ho$bm. ~mhþbrÀ¶m Ad¶dm§Zm Zmdo {MH$Q>dVmZm
H¥$Vr-àmË¶{jH$ ¶m V§ÌmMm dmna Ho$bm. {d{dY JmoîQ>r dmMÊ¶mg gm§JVmZm ñdmÜ¶m¶ ho V§Ì dmnabo. ~mhþbr
qH$dm IoiUo VwQ>bo Va Vwåhm§bm H$go dmQ>Vo ¶mVyZ ‘wbm§Mr g§doXZerbVm OmJê$H$ H$arV ^mfoV OwZo d ZdrZ
¶m§Mr VwbZm H$aVmZm OwZohr Zì¶mBVHo$ ‘hËËdmMo Amho hm {dMma éOdVm Ambm. VgoM ¶m KQ>H$m§Mo AÜ¶¶Z
AZw^d XoVmZm ’$³V nmR>çnwñVH$mnwaVo ‘¶m©{XV Z amhVm Vo nwñVH$m~mhoarb {dídmer OmoS>bo Jobo. CXm. ~MV
H$er H$ê$ eH$Vmo.
BVa {df¶m§er g‘Ýd¶ gmYV {dXçmWu ~MV ~±Ho$Mm CnH«$‘ KoVm ¶oB©b. Q>mH$mD$ dñVy nmgyZ ~mhþë¶m
V¶ma H$aUo ¶m CnH«$‘mVyZ H$m¶m©Zw^d {df¶mer g‘dm¶ gmYVm Ambm. ¶mV {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m AZw^d [dídmer
OmoS>V H¥${V¶w³V AZw^dm§Zm ‘hËËd {Xbo Jobo. ho AmZ§XXm¶r AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoV AgVmZmM ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr
{d{dY gmYZo, V§Ìo dmnabr Jobr.
amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2005 H$m¶ gm§JVmo?
narjm nX²YVr bdMrH$ Agmdr.
dJm©Vrb {eH$Ê¶m - {eH$dÊ¶mÀ¶m {H«$¶o‘Ü¶o ‘yë¶‘mnZ à{H«$¶m A§V^yV© Agmdr.
Ame¶mda AmYm[aV CËVam§À¶m narjUmnojm àíZ gmoS>dUo Am{U AmH$bZmda â Xçmdm, ho àË¶jmV
AmUÊ¶mgmR>r gÜ¶mMr àíZn{ÌHo$Mr KmQ>Ur ~Xbm¶bm nm{hOo.
N>mQo >çm N>mQo >çm MmMÊ`mH$S>o dim¶bm hdo.

20 K
CK
English -Std - VI
Poem : The Swing
How do you like to go up in a swing,

Up in the air so blue?
Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing
Ever a child can do!
Up in the air and over the wall,
Till I can see so wide,
Rivers and trees and cattle and all
Over the Countryside-
Till I look down on the garden green,
Down on the roof so brown-
Up in the air I go flying again,
Up in the air and down!
- Robert Louis Stevenson
¶m H${dVoMo AÜ¶mnZ H$aVmZm AZoH$ AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm H$aVm ¶oB©b. Ogo -
1) Pmo³¶mda àË¶j ~gÊ¶mMm AZw^d XoVm ¶oB©b.
2) Pmo³¶mMo {MÌ XmIdyZ àíZ {dMmaVm ¶oVrb.
3) {MÌmMm AmYma KoD$Z {MÌ d H${dVm ¶m§Mm ghg§~§Y OmoS>Vm ¶oB©b.
4) H${dVoMo ¶mo½¶ CÀMmam§gh VmbmgwamV Jm¶Z H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
5) H${dVoMr Mmb bjmV ¶oÊ¶mgmR>r Üd{Z{\$VrMm dmna H$aVm ¶oB©b.
6) H${dVm EoH$VmZm ZdrZ eãX AYmoao{IV H$aVm ¶oVrb. Rhyming words {b{hVm ¶oVrb.
7) H${dVoMo Jm¶Z gm‘y{hH$ ñdê$nmV ZdrZ Mmb bmdyZ åhUVm ¶oB©b.
8) New words Mm dmna H$ê$Z ñdV:À¶m eãXm§V dm³¶o V¶ma H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oVrb.
9) Vwåhr {d{dY {R>H$mUr Joë¶mZ§Va ¶oUmam AZw^d {dMmaVm ¶oB©b. AZw^d {b{hÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oVrb.
Ex- top of hill garden
branch of tree
in the field
9) PmoH$m C§M Joë¶mZ§Va H$m¶ H$m¶ {XgVo, ¶m~m~V MMm© KoVm ¶oB©b.
10) {ZgJ©{MÌ H$mT>md¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.

21 K
CK
11) H${dVoMm Ame¶ JXç ñdê$nmV {b{hVm ¶oB©b.

12) ¶m H${dVoÀ¶m Ame¶mZwê$n BVa H$dtÀ¶m H${dVm§Mm g§J«h H$aVm ¶oB©b.
13) ñdmZw^dmVyZ H${dVm boIZ H$aVm ¶oB©b.
14) H${dVoÀ¶m Ame¶mZwê$n {MÌ aoImQ>Z H$aVm ¶oB©b.
B¶ËVm : n{hbr {df` : J{UV

^mogbo JwéOtÀ¶m n{hë¶m dJm©g Am°JñQ> ‘{hÝ¶mV ôQ> {Xbr. gd© ‘wbo 1 Vo 9 n¶ªV dñVy {~ZMyH$ ‘moOV
hmoVr. 1 Vo 9 n¶ªVÀ`m g§»¶m AMyH$ AmoiIV (dmMV) hmoVr. 1 Vo 9 g§»¶m diUXma {bhrV hmoVr. 1 Vo 9 g§»¶m
Agboë¶m XmoZ g‘yhm§n¡H$s H$moUVm bhmZ, H$moUVm ‘moR>m ho AMyH$ gm§JV hmoVr. 1 Vo 9 g§»¶m gwbQ>, CbQ> H«$‘mZo
nQ>mnQ> gm§JV hmoVr. ‘bm Zdb dmQ>bo. ‘r åhQ>bo,""JwéOr ho Vwåhm§bm H$go O‘bo? {Z¶{‘V dJm©V ho H$go H$ê$Z
KoVbo? doi nwabm H$m?''
^mogbo JwéOr åhUmbo, ""Wm§~m, KmB© H$ê$ ZH$m, Ago EH$gmaIo àíZ {dMmaV gwQ>bmV Va ..........
AmVm ‘r {Xbobo AZw^d Vwåhm§bm gm§JVmo. ‘wbm§Zm H$m¶ ¶oVo ho Vwåhr nm{hboboM Amho. ‘mPo AZw^d EoH$m. Ë¶mV
H$mhr e§H$m Agë¶mg {dMmam. AmnU MMm© H$ê$.''
B Vw‘À¶m KamVrb qH$dm KamÀ¶m Amgnmg {‘iUmao IS>,o {~¶m, JmoQ>çm, ‘Ur, H$mS>çm, ~Q>Uo ¶m§gma»¶m H$moUË¶mhr
dñVy O‘m H$am, Ë¶mVrb Vwåhm§bm ‘moOVm ¶oVrb EdT>çm dñVy CXçm dJm©V KoD$Z ¶m. Aer gyMZm {Xbr.
Xþgè¶m {Xder àË¶oH$ ‘wbmZo dñVy AmUë¶m. dñVy doJdoJù¶m hmoË¶m. H$moUmOdi H$‘r dñVy hmoË¶m, Va
H$moUmOdi OmñV. ‘wbo EH$‘oH$m§À¶m dñVy nmhÊ¶mg CËgwH$ hmoVr.
B àË¶oH$ ‘wbmbm Ë¶mZo AmUboë¶m dñVy dJm©g‘moa ‘moOyZ XmIdÊ¶mg gm§{JVë¶m.
‘wbo AmË‘{dídmgmZo dñVy ‘moOyZ XmIdV hmoVr.
B àË¶oH$mZo OodT>çm dñVy AmUë¶m, Ë`m g§»¶oMo H$mS>© Ë¶m ‘wbmg {Xbo. Vo dñVyÀ§ ¶m eoOmar R>do Ê¶mg gm§{JVbo.
Á¶m§À¶mH$S>o 9 nojm OmñV dñVy AmhoV Ë¶m§Mm doJim JQ> Ho$bm.
B gdmªMo ‘moOyZ XmIdUo Pmë¶mZ§Va àË¶oH$ ‘wbmbm àË¶oH$mOdiÀ¶m dñVy ‘moOÊ¶mg d dñVy eoOmaÀ¶m
H$mS>m©darb g§»¶m dmMÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo.
‘wbo dñVy ‘moOV hmoVr, hmVmiV hmoVr, g§»¶m dmMV hmoVr. dmMUmè¶m ‘wbmMo CËVa MwH$ë¶mg Á¶mÀ¶m
Odi ¶m dñVy AmhoV, Vmo ¶m ‘wbmMr MyH$ XþéñV H$aV hmoVm.
B dñVyeoOmar R>odboë¶m g§»¶m H$mS>mªdarb g§»¶oda dñVy R>odÊ¶mg gm§{JVë¶m. Ë¶m dñVy H$mTy>Z Vr g§»¶m
~moQ>mZo {Ja{dÊ¶mg d Z§Va nmQ>rda {b{hÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo.

22 K
CK
B Á¶m§À¶mH$S>o 1 Vo 9 n¡H$s dñVy AmhoV Aem ‘wbm§Mo doJdoJio JQ> Ho$bo. Á¶m§À¶mH$S>o OmñV dñVy AmhoV Ë¶m
‘wbmg H$‘r dñVy Agboë¶m ‘wbmbm ñdV…Odirb dñVy ‘moOyZ XmIdÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo. JQ>mVrb àË¶oH$
‘wbmg BVamOdirb g§»¶m {JadÊ¶mg d nmQ>rda {b{hÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo.
JQ>mVrb ‘wbo EH$‘oH$m§H$Sy>Z 1 Vo 9 dñVy ‘moOm¶bm, g§»¶m dmMm¶bm {eH$br.
B Á¶m§Mm doJim JQ> Ho$bm. Ë¶m§Zm gm§{JVbo H$s 10 dñVy§Mo JQ> H$am Caboë¶m dñVy ~mOybm R>odm. dñVy§Mo JQ>
{H$Vr d ‘moH$ù¶m dñVy {H$Vr ho EH$‘oH$m§Zm XmIdm.
B JQ>mVrb ‘wbm§Zm ñdV…OdiÀ¶m dñVy d BVam§À¶m dñVy nmhÿZ H$moUmÀ¶m OmñV H$moUmÀ¶m H$‘r ¶mMr VwbZm
H$aÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo. dñVy nmhÿZ ‘wbo gm§Jy bmJbr.
CXm. 3 H$‘r 5 OmñV, 9 OmñV 7 H$‘r
B A) JQ>mVrb ‘wbm§Zm Ë¶m§À¶m OdiÀ¶m dñVy d g§»¶m H$mS>} H«$‘mZo AmS>ì¶m AmoirV ‘m§S>Ê¶mg gm§{JVbo.
Ogo…- B , BB, BBB .........
1 2 3
~) ¶m g§»¶m§Mo gwbQ>, CbQ> H«$‘mZo dmMZ H$aÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo.
H$) JQ>mVrb H$moUË¶mhr EH$m ‘wbmZo Vr g§»¶m dmMm¶Mr; BVam§Zr Vr g§»¶m nmhm¶Mr d dmMZ
EoH$m¶Mo. ¶m à‘mUo àË¶oH$ ‘wbmMr àË¶oH$ g§»¶m dmMyZ hmoB©n¶ªV H¥$Vr Mmby R>odÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo.
JQ>mVrb ‘wbo àË¶oH$mMo dmMZ VnmgV hmoVr. ghmÜ¶m¶r ‘yë¶‘mnZ hmoV hmoVo. MwH$bobo ‘yb ~amo~arÀ¶m
‘wbmH$Sy>Z {eH$V hmoVo.
‘r åhUmbmo,""JwéOr ho gd© nQ>bo; nU nmR>çnwñVH$mMo, ñdmÜ¶m¶ nwñVHo$Vrb ñdmÜ¶m¶ gmoS>{dÊ¶mMo Vwåhr
H$m¶ Ho$bo?''
Ahmo ga, ""CËVa gmono Amho. ‘wbo OgOer {eH$V Jobr VgVgm nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb ^mJ d ñdmÜ¶m¶
nwñVHo$Vrb ñdmÜ¶m¶ Ë¶m§Zm Kar gmoS>{dÊ¶mg {Xbo. H$Yr ‘bm BVa H$m‘ Agob Voìhm ‘wbm§Zm nwñVH$mVrb H$m‘
dJm©VM JQ>mV ~gyZ H$aÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo.
Ë¶m§Zr Ho$bobo H$m‘ ‘r ñdV: VnmgV Ago qH$dm JQ>mVrb hþema ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z VnmgyZ KoV Ago.
¶m[edm¶ ‘Yo‘Yo ‘r ‘OoXma Ioi KoV Ago.
Ogo -
B JmobmH$ma Cô amhm.
‘r Or g§»¶m XmIdrZ VodT>çmM Q>mù¶m dmOdm.

B JmobmH$ma nim. Q>mir dmOVmM Wm§~m. g§»¶m H$mS>© nmhm. VodT>çm ‘wbm§Mo JQ> H$am.
B 1 2 3 4 ..... 9 g§»¶m nQ²>Q>rda EHo$H$ Ka gmoSy>Z/XmoZ-XmoZ Kao gmoSy>Z IS>o

R>odm. Ë¶m g§»¶m dmMm. nmQ>rda {bhm.
23 K
CK
B Odi dñVy§Mm T>rJ ¿¶m. gwédmVrbm Ë¶mVrb EH$ dñVy ¿¶m g‘moa R>odm. nwT>o EHo$H$ dñVy Ë¶mV Q>mH$m.
àË¶oH$ doir {H$Vr Pmbo Vo JQ>mVrb BVam§Zm gm§Jm.
Ogo- 1 dñVy hmoVr, AmUIr 1 dñVy KoVbr 2 dñVy Pmë¶m.
Ë¶mà‘mUo 9 dñVy hmoB©n¶ªV H¥$Vr H$aÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo.
Z§Va JQ>mVyZ EHo$H$ dñVy H$mTy>Z KoD$Z àË¶oH$ doir {H$Vr hmoË¶m? {H$Vr H$mT>ë¶m? {H$Vr am{hë¶m?
Vo gm§Jm.
Ogo- 7 dñVy hmoË¶m, 1 dñVy H$mT>br, 6 dñVy am{hë¶m, ¶mà‘mUo
¶m{edm¶ Ë¶m§Zm Kar H$aÊ¶mgmR>r H$m‘hr XoV Ago.
Ogo- 1. Vw‘À¶m Kar Agboë¶m 10 dñVy§Mr/àmÊ¶m§Mr/ì¶³VtMr-ZmË¶m§Mr Zmdo {bhm. Ë¶m§À¶m
g‘moa g§»¶m {bhm.
Ogo- IwÀ¶m© 3 JmB© 4
^mD$ 2 H$m|~S>çm 5
B Vw‘À¶m Kar g§»¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ H$emgmR>r H$aVmV Vo ‘moR>çm ‘mUgm§Zm {dMmam, dJm©V gm§Jm.
Ogo- XÿY ‘moOÊ¶mgmR>r, YmÝ¶ ‘moOÊ¶mgmR>r, dñVy {dH$V KoVë¶mg n¡go ‘moOyZ XoÊ¶mgmR>r.
B Vwåhr H$moUH$moUVo Ioi IoiVm? H$moUH$moUË¶m IoimV H$moUH$moUË¶m g§»¶m dmnaVm?
Ahmo gmho~, Vwåhr AmUIr ~è¶mM JmoîQ>r H$ê$ eH$mb.

h§. Amb§ bjmV. Vw‘À¶m ‘wbm§Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ Vwåhr H$g§ H$aVm? Ho$ìhm H$aVm? H$moUVr gmYZ§ dmnaVm?
Ahmo ga, ‘wb§ {eH$V AgVmZm ‘r Ë¶m§À¶mH$S>o gVV bj R>odVmo. ‘r gyMZm XoVmo. ‘wb§ H¥$Vr H$aVmV.
Ë`m_wio {ZarjU H$am¶bm Am{U ‘mJo nS>boë¶m ‘wbm§Zm ‘XV H$am¶bm _bm doi {_iVmo. {ZarjUmVyZ
‘yë¶‘mnZ hmoV§M Zm.
ho R>rH$ Amho hmo. nU AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZmVrb Vm|S>r H$m‘, àmË¶{jH$, CnH«$‘/H¥$Vr, ñdmÜ¶m¶/
dJ©H$m¶© Aer gmYZo Ho$ìhm dmnaVm?
Ahmo ga, Ë¶mgmR>r ‘bm doJi§ H$mhrM H$amd§ bmJb Zmhr. ‘r ¶moOboë¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§n¡H$s H$mhr
CnH«$‘/H¥$Vr AmhoV, H$mhr àmË¶{jH§$ AmhoV, H$mhr ñdmÜ¶m¶ AmhoV Am{U ‘wbo CËVa XoVmV, ñdV:Mo AZw^d
gm§JVmV, {‘i{dbobr ‘m{hVr gm§JVmV; Vo Ë¶m§Mo Vm|S>r H$m‘ Amho. åhUOo ‘mÂ¶m ‘wbm§M§ {eH$U§ Am{U
‘yë¶‘mnZ doJdoJi§ ZmhrM. Ë¶m‘wio ‘wbm§Zm {eH$Ê¶mV AmZ§X Va dmQ>VmoM, {edm¶ Ë¶m§M§ ‘yë¶‘mnZ Pmbob§
Ë¶m§Zm H$iVhr Zmhr.

24 K
CK
^mogbo JwéOtMo AZw^d AmnU bjmV KoVbo. AmVm nwT>rb àíZm§Mr CËVao emoYy ¶m. ¶mdê$Z AmnUmg
Amnë¶m H$m‘mMr {Xem R>a{dVm ¶oB©b.
^mogbo JwéOtMr ^y{‘H$m H$er Amho?
Ë¶m§À¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§À¶m ¶moOZoVyZ kmZaMZmdmX H$gm à{Vq~{~V hmoVmo?
R.T.E. ‘Yrb H$moUH$moUË¶m Anojm nyU© hmoVmV?
H$moUVr ‘yë¶o, OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV hmoVmV?
Vw‘À¶m dJm©gmR>r Aer EH$ AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm V¶ma H$am. Ë¶mgmR>r df©âmV H$moUH$moUVo
CnH«$‘/H¥$Vr, ñdmÜ¶m¶, àH$ën, àmË¶{jH$/à¶moJ, Vm|S>r H$m‘ KoVm ¶oVrb ¶mMm {dMma H$am.
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZoV Jw§’$U H$er H$aVm ¶oB©b ¶mMm {dMma H$am.
darb AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^dmVyZ H$m¶ gmÜ¶ Pmbo?
^mogbo JwéOtÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§À¶m ‘m{bHo$Mr d¡{eîQ>ço, ^mogbo JwéOtMr ^y{‘H$m g§gmYH$mMr
hmoVr. Ë¶m§Zr ‘wbm§Zm d¡¶p³VH$ VgoM JQ>mV {eH$Ê¶mMr g§Yr {Xbr. kmZmMr {Z{‘©Vr ‘wbm§ZrM
Ho$br. ‘wboM ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z {eH$br. kmZaMZmdmX ¶mnojm doJim Vmo H$m¶ Amho?
‘wbm§À¶m AZw^dm§nmgyZ {eH$Ê¶mMr Ë¶m§Zm g§Yr {Xbr. H¥$Vrda AmYm[aV {eH$Ê¶mMm OmñVrV OmñV
AZw^d {Xbm. Ë¶m‘wio KmoH§$nQ²>Q>rMr JaOM am{hbr Zmhr. kmZmMm emio~mhoarb OrdZmer åhUOo X¡Z§{XZ
OrdZmer g§~Y§ OmoS>bm. {eH$Ê¶mMo {d{dY òmoV, ‘mJ© hmVmiÊ¶mMr {Xem {Xbr. {eH$md§ H$g§ ho ‘wbm§Zm hiyhiy
H$iy bmJbo. ¶mVyZ amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>çmVrb (NCF) Anojm§Mr nyV©Vm hmoÊ¶mÀ¶m {XeoZo dmQ>Mmb
gwê$ Pmbr.
Ë¶m§À¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§À¶m ‘m{bHo$V H¥$Vr, CnH«$‘, àmË¶{jH$, à¶moJ, àH$ën, ñdmÜ¶m¶,
ñd¶§‘yë¶‘mnZ, ghmÜ¶m¶r ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶m AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZmÀ¶m gmYZm§Mm ghOVoZo g‘mdoe Agë¶m‘wio
gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZmMm hoVyhr gmÜ¶ Pmbm Amho.
‘wbo JQ>mV AÜ¶¶Z H$aV Agë¶m‘wio Group Learning VgoM g‘d¶ñH$mer ‘w³VnUo MMm© H$aV
Agë¶m‘wio (PEER Learning) bmoH$emhr ‘yë¶m§Mr éOdUyH$ AmnmoAmnM hmoV Jobr.
‘wbm§Zm ñdV: ‘m{hVr {‘idyZ {eH$Ê¶mg d ‘m{hVr {‘i{dÊ¶mMr {d{dY gmYZo hmVmiÊ¶mMr ânya
g§Yr Agë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§Zm {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma, gO©Zerb {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr gd¶ bmJbr. n[aUm‘H$maH$ g§àofU
H$aVm ¶oD$ bmJbo. ‘wbo ñdV:À¶m AS>MUr ñdV: gmoS>dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ H$ê$ bmJbr, {ZU©¶ KoD$ bmJbr. åhUOo
OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r doJiçm AZw^dm§Mr JaO am{hbr Zmhr.
AmVm AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d ¶moOZoMo AmUIr EH$ CXmhaU nmhÿ ¶m.
ea¶yVmB© 5 dr Vo 8 drbm J{UV {eH$dV hmoË¶m. ’$ù¶mda Z‘wZm CXmhaU àW‘ gmoS>dyZ XmIdV
hmoË¶m. gyÌo, {Z¶‘ ñdV:M gm§JV hmoË¶m. Z‘wZm CXmhaU nmhÿZ ‘wbm§Zm CXmhaUo gmoS>dÊ¶mg gm§JV hmoË¶m.
gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m : (^mJ - 3) 25
25 K
CK
‘wbm§Zm CXmhaU gmoS>{dVm Ambo Zmhr Va ñdV: gmoS>dyZ XmIdV hmoË¶m. dJm©Vrb gd©M ‘wbm§Zm Ë¶m§À¶mà‘mUo
CXmhaUo gmoS>dVm ¶oV ZìhVr, gyÌo bjmV amhV ZìhVr. gyÌo nmR> H$aÊ¶mMo XS>nU hmoVo, H$mhr ‘wbo ‘mJo
nS>V hmoVr.
ea¶yVmBªZm ^mogbo JwéOtÀ¶m dJm©~X²Xb ‘m{hVr {‘imbr. Ë¶m§Zr Ë¶m dJm©bm ôQ> XoD$Z ^mogbo JwéOtMr
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm g‘OyZ KoVbr. ‘wbm§Zm àíZ {dMmabo. ^mogbo JwéOtZr H$mhr AZw^d dJm©V {Xbo
hmoVo Am{U H$mhr AZw^d dJm©~mhoa ñdV§Ì§ doiVo ‘wbm§Zm ñdV§ÌnUo ¿¶m¶bm gm§{JVbo Am{U ‘wbm§À¶m {eH$Ê¶mda
gVV bj R>odbo. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§Zm {Z¶mo{OV doioV Aä¶mgH«$‘hr nyU© H$aVm Ambm. ea¶yVmBªZr ^mogbo JwéOter
MMm© Ho$br. ñdV:À¶m dJm©gmR>r AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm H$am¶Mo R>adbo Am{U H$m‘mbm bmJë¶m.
H$go Agob ea¶yVmBªMo {Z¶moOZ, H$ënZm H$am.
B`ËVm : AmR>dr {df` : J{UV

AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm
B Q>o~bmda Mm¡ag, Am¶V, g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZ, g‘^wO Mm¡H$moZ, g‘b§~ Mm¡H$moZ, nV§J AmH$mamMo
{dXçmWu g§»¶oEdT>o H$mJXmMo VwH$S>o R>odbo.
B àË¶oH$mbm EHo$H$ Mm¡H$moZ ¿¶m¶bm gm§{JVbm.
B àË¶oH$mZo Amnë¶mH$S>rb Mm¡H$moZ dJm©bm XmIdm¶Mm, Ë¶mMo Zmd gm§Jm¶Mo, Ë¶mMo KQ>H$ XmIdm¶Mo,
joÌ’$imMo gyÌ gm§Jm¶Mo Aer gyMZm {Xbr.
‘wbm§Zr Mm¡H$moZmMo àH$ma AmoiIbo, Mm¡H$moZmMo KQ>H$ ({eamoq~Xÿ, ~mOy, H$moZ) XmIdbo. Mm¡ag
Am{U Am¶V ¶m§À¶m joÌ’$im§Mr gyÌo gm§{JVbr. BVa Mm¡H$moZm§À¶m joÌ’$im§Mr gyÌo gm§JVm Ambr
ZmhrV. H$maU Vr Ë¶m§Zm ‘mhrV ZìhVr.
B ‘wbm§Mr CËVao EoH$y Z VmBªZr àíZ {dMmabm, ''Vwåhm§bm g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZ, g‘^wO Mm¡H$moZ, g‘b§~
Mm¡H$moZ, nV§J ¶m§À¶m joÌ’$im§Mr gyÌo V¶ma H$aVm ¶oVrb H$m?''
(‘wbo Jßn ~gbobr hmoVr.)
B ‘J hr gyÌo H$er V¶ma H$am¶Mr ho {eH$m¶Mo Amho H$m? Agm Xþgam àíZ {dMmabm.
B ‘wbo CËgmhmZo "hmo' åhUmbr.
‘J VmBªZr gm§{JVbo. gyMZm EoH$m, ‘mPr H¥$Vr nmhm. Ë¶mà‘mUo H¥$Vr H$am.

26 K
CK
H¥$Vr-
Am¶VmH$ma H$mJXmMm EH$ VwH$S>m ¿¶m.
é§Xr
Ë¶mMr bm§~r, é§Xr XmIdm.
bm§~r
AmVm Aer KS>r Kmbm. é§Xr

bm§~r
KS>r CbJS>m. KS>rda H$mJX H$mnm. é§Xr é§Xr
bm§~r
H$mnbobm VwH$S>m Agm OmoS>m. C§Mr é§Xr
nm¶m/bm§~r
Z§Va nwT>rb àíZm§À¶m ‘XVrZo MMm© KS>dyZ AmUbr.

àíZ
B AmVm H$moUVm Mm¡H$moZ V¶ma Pmbm?
B Mm¡H$moZ Am¶V hmoVm Voìhm Á¶m ~mOy§Zm bm§~r, é§Xr åhUV hmoVm; Ë¶m ~mOy§Zm AmVm H$m¶ åhUm¶Mo?
B Am¶VmMm g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZ Pmë¶m‘wio joÌ’$im§V H$mhr ’$aH$ nS>bm H$m?
B ‘J g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZmMo joÌ’$i H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r Am¶VmÀ¶m joÌ’$imÀ¶m gyÌmMm Cn¶moJ Vwåhr
H$gm H$ê$Z ¿¶mb?

(‘wbo {dMmamV nS>br.)
‘wbm§er MMm© H$aV VmBªZr nwT>rbà‘mUo ’$ù¶mda ‘m§S>Ur Ho$br.
Am¶VmMo joÌ’$i = bm§~r × é§Xr
Am¶VmMm g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZ Pmbm, bm§~r hr nm¶m Pmbr Am{U é§Xr hr C§Mr Pmbr.
 g‘m§Va^wO Mm¡H$moZmMo joÌ’$i = .........×........
gyÌ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m à{H«$¶oV ‘wbo gh^mJr Pmbr hmoVr. gyÌ {Z{‘©VrMm AmZ§X ‘wbm§Zm {‘imbm hmoVm.
‘J VmBªZr gm§{JVbo. AmVm nmM-nmMÀ¶m JQ>mV§ ~gm. H$mJXmMo VwH$S>o ¿¶m. g‘b§~ Mm¡H$moZmÀ¶m joÌ’$imMo
gyÌ JQ>mV MMm© H$ê$Z V¶ma H$am. VmBªZr JQ>mH$S>o bj {Xbo. ‘wbo YS>nS> H$aV hmoVr. VmBªZm AmZ§X dmQ>V
hmoVm. H$mhr ‘wbm§Zm gyÌ V¶ma H$aVm Ambo. Ë¶m§Zr BVam§Zm Vo gm§{JVbo. ‘wbo -‘wbm§H$Sy>Z {eH$br.
27 K
CK
AmVm nm¶m, C§Mr, g‘m§Va ~mOy, b§~m§Va ¶m§À¶m doJdoJù¶m {H$‘Vr ¿¶m. CXmhaUo V¶ma H$am. CXçm
gmoS>dyZ AmUm. Xþgè¶m {Xder ‘wbm§Mm CËgmh nmhÿZ VmBªZmhr g‘mYmZ dmQ>bo.
{dMma H$am. ¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr d¡{eîQ>ço gm§Jm. ¶mVyZ H$m¶ H$m¶ gmÜ¶ Pmbo Vo gm§Jm.
B¶ËVm -5 dr nmR> 8 dm
nmR> - Zdo {dMma … Zdr ÑîQ>r B{Vhmg
AZw^dm§dê$Z ‘mUgm§Zm {d{dY {dMma gwMVmV. Ë¶m {d{dY {dMmam§VZy ‘Vàdmh V¶ma hmoVmo. à^mdr ‘Vàdmhm‘wio
H¥$Vr KSy>Z ~Xb hmoVmV. AZw^dm§VyZ ñ’w$abobo {dMma hoM ^{dî¶mVrb ~XbmMr Zm§Xr R>aVmV. ^maVr¶ g‘mOmV
AZoH$ ê$T>r, na§nam d A{ZîQ> àWm nydu ApñVËdmV hmoË¶m. Ë¶m àJVrg ‘maH$ R>aV hmoË¶m. ^maVr¶ g‘mO
Ë¶m‘Ü¶o Jwa’$Qy>Z Jobm hmoVm. Voìhm AmYw{ZH$ {ejU KoVboë¶m amOm am‘‘mohZ am°¶, Jmonmi har Xoe‘wI, ñdm‘r
X¶mZ§X gañdVr, ‘hmË‘m Á¶moVramd ’w$bo, gm{dÌr~mB© ’w$bo, ga gæ¶X Ah‘X ImZ, ‘hmXod JmoqdX amZS>,o ñdm‘r
{ddoH$mZ§X, Vmam~mB© qeXo, n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB© ¶m d BVa g‘mOgwYmaH$m§Zr Ë¶mVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê¶mgmR>r ‘moR>çm Midir
Cä¶m Ho$ë¶m, g‘mOmbm ZdZdrZ {dMma {Xbo. g‘mO ~XbÊ¶mg hmV^ma bmdbm. n[aUm‘r ^maVr¶ ñdmV§Í¶
bT>çmg EH$ ZdrZ Am¶m‘ {‘imbm Am{U JVr àmßV Pmbr. ho {dMma H$moUVo hmoVo ho ‘wbm§Zr ñdV… OmUyZ KoÊ¶mMm
à¶ËZ H$amdm ¶mgmR>r AmnU H$mhr AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoD$ ¶m!
1. ~mhoa {ZKmbmoo Am{U ‘m§Oa g‘moê$Z Jobo Va bmoH$ ‘mJo {’$aVmV, Ago Vwåhr H$Yr nm{hbo Amho H$m? Ago
AmUIr H$m¶ H$m¶ nm{hbo, EoH$bo Amho? ¶m dmJÊ¶mbm H$m¶ åhUm¶Mo? ¶m§gma»¶m àíZm§À¶m ‘XVrZo
gwédmVrbm MMm© H$aVm ¶oB©b.
2. A§YlX²Ym åhUOo H$m¶ ¶m{df¶r JQ>mV MMm© d boIZ H$am¶bm gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
3. Amnë¶m KamV, eoOmar, g‘mOmV H$moUË¶m àWm, na§nam nmië¶m OmVmV, Ë¶m Mm§Jë¶m H$s dmB©Q> ¶mMm
VwbZmË‘H$ V³Vm ‘wbm§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo dJm©V H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b. dmB©Q> àWm ‘moS>Ê¶mgmR>r H$m¶ H$aVm ¶oB©b
qH$dm Vwåhr H$m¶ H$amb ho {dMmaVm ¶oB©b.
4. JmS>Jo~m~m§Mo H$sV©Z gmXa H$aVm ¶oD$ eHo$b. H$sV©Z ho {dMma àdV©ZmMo à^mdr ‘mÜ¶‘ Agë¶mMo ñnîQ>
hmoBb
© .
5. g§V gm{hË¶mVyZ à~moYZ ¶mda JQ>MMm© KoVm ¶oB©b.
6. A{e{jV / H$‘r {e{jV AmB©Mm ‘wbJm d CÀM{e{jV AmB©Mm ‘wbJm d Ë¶m§Mo AmB©, ~m~m KamVrb
H$moUH$moUVr H$m‘o H$aVmV; ¶mMr VwbZm AmnUm§g H$aVm ¶oB©b .

28 K
CK
7. g‘mOgwYmaH$, {dMmad§V ¶m§Mr {MÌo d Ë¶m§Zr Ho$boë¶m H$m¶m©Mr ‘m{hVr {‘i{dVm ¶oB©b.
8. EImXçm g‘mOgwYmaH$mÀ¶m ñ‘¥Vr ñWim§g ôQ> XoVm ¶oB©b.
9. "‘r g‘mOgwYmaH$ Pmbmo Va ........!' qH$dm "AmO {edmOr ‘hmamO AgVo Va ........!' Mmby A{ZîQ>
JmoîQ>rg§X^m©V Ë¶m§Zr H$m¶ Ho$bo AgVo ¶m g§X^m©V ‘wbm§Zm H$ënZm{dbmgmË‘H$$ boIZ H$am¶bm gm§JVm ¶oBb
© .
¶m {d{dY AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§VyZ H$m¶ gmÜ¶ hmoB©b?
Aem àH$mao AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§VyZ ghOM ‘wbm§Mo {eH$Uo d ‘yë¶‘mnZ gmÜ¶ hmoB©b. {edm¶ g§doXZerbVm,
gH$mamË‘H$ Ñ{îQ>H$moZ, {ejUmMo ‘hËËd,gm‘m{OH$ AS>gam§Mo {Z‘yb
© Z, ^maVr¶ ñdmV§Í¶ MidirÀ¶m B{VhmgmMr
‘m{hVr ¶m JmoîQ>r§hr éOdVm ¶oVrb. Zm{Q>H$m, d³V¥Ëd, boIZ ¶m§VyZ Ë¶m§À¶m {d{dY JwUm§Mm n[anmofhr hmoD$Z
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§À¶m ¶moOZo‘wio {eH$Uo AmZ§XXm¶r, VUmda{hV d kmZaMZmdmXr H$aVm ¶oB©b. B{VhmgmVrb
g‘mOgwYmaH$m§À¶m H$m¶m©Mo ‘hËËd Ë¶m§Zm g‘Oob. {dMmad§Vm§àVr Ë¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV AmXamMr ^mdZm {Z‘m©U hmoB©b.
Q>mJmoa H$m¶ gm§JVmV......

‘r bhmZ AgVmZm gmÜ¶m gmÜ¶m JmoîQ>tnmgyZ IoiUr V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMo Am{U ñdV:À¶m H$ënZoà‘mUo
‘mPo Ioi V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMo ñdmV§Í¶ ‘bm hmoVo. ‘mÂ¶m AmZ§Xm‘Ü¶o ‘mÂ¶m IoiJS>çm§Mm g§nyU© gh^mJ hmoVm.
‘mÂ¶m IoimMm g§nyU© AmZ§X hm Ë¶m§Zr IoimV ^mJ KoÊ¶mda Adb§~yZ hmoVm. EH$ {Xdg Am‘À¶m {‘Ìmbm
B§p½be XþH$mZmVyZ {dH$V KoVbobo ‘moR²>R§> Am{U Ajae: {Od§V dmQ>Uma EH$ IoiU§ {‘imb§. Ë¶mbm Ë¶m
IoiÊ¶mMm A{^‘mZ dmQ>m¶bm bmJbm. Am‘À¶mnmgyZ Vo IoiUo H$miOrnyd©H$ Xÿa R>odÊ¶mV Ambo. Ë¶m‘wio
IoimdaM§ ‘Z CS>m¶bm bmJb§. Vmo ñdV:bm loîR> g‘Om¶bm bmJbm. CËgmhmÀ¶m âmV EH$ ‘hËËdmMr JmoîQ>
bjmV ¿¶m¶bm Vmo {dgabm, Ë¶mjUr Ë¶mbm AW©hrZ dmQ>bb o o EH$ dmñVd H$s, ¶m AmH$f©Um‘wio Ë¶m CËH¥$îQ>
IoiÊ¶mnojmhr ‘hËËdmM§ Ag§ H$mhrVar Ë¶mÀ¶mnmgyZ {hamdbm Job,§ Vo åhUOo Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘ybnUmVrb n[anyUV© Mo o
Xe©Z! Ë¶m IoiÊ¶mZo Ë¶mMr lr‘§Vr {Xgbr, na§Vw ‘wbmMr gO©Zerbd¥ËVr {Xgbr Zmhr; IoimVyZ {‘iUmam
{Z:ñdmWu AmZ§X {Xgbm Zmhr. Ë¶mÀ¶m IoimÀ¶m {dídmV gh^mJr AgUmè¶m gd© {‘Ìm§Zm Iwbo Am‘§ÌU {VWo
ZìhVo.
adtÐZmW Q>mJmoa

29 K
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{df` … ^yJmob B¶ËVm … AmR>dr, nmR> 11 dm

‘mZd d Z¡g{J©H$ n¶m©daU
‘mZd d Z¡g{©J©H$ n¶m©daU ¶m§Mm EH$‘oH$m§er K{ZîR> g§~§Y Amho. g§nyU© Ordg¥îQ>rÀ¶m ApñVËdmMo à‘wI
H$maU Z¡g{J©H$ n¶m©daU hoM Amho.
doJdoJù¶m n«Xeo mVrb Z¡g{J©H$ n¶m©daU doJdoJio AgVo. Ë¶mMm n[aUm‘ VoWrb ‘mZdr OrdZmda hmoV AgVmo.
n[aUm‘r doJdoJù¶m àXoemVrb ‘mZdr OrdZm§V ’$aH$ {XgyZ ¶oVmo. ho gJio ‘wbm§Zr g‘OyZ ¿¶mdo, ¶mH$[aVm
Amnë¶mbm hm nmR> AÜ¶mnZ H$aVmZm H$mhr doJdoJio AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoVm ¶oVrb. AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoV AgVmZmM
‘wbm§À¶m {d{dY à{V{H«$¶m§‘YyZ Ë¶m§Zm Zo‘Ho$ H$m¶ H$ibo Vo g‘Oob. Ano{jV AÜ¶¶Z hmoV Zgob Va AÜ¶¶Z
AZw^d ~XbVm ¶oVrb. ¶mVyZ ¶m à{H«$¶oXaå¶mZ ghOM ‘wbm§À¶m à{VgmXm‘YyZ AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZ hmoB©b.
AJXr eodQ>À¶m ‘wbmH$Sy>Z Ano{jV à{VgmX {‘ion¶ªV nydm©Zw^dmer {ZJ{S>V AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr aMZm H$aVm
¶oBb
© .
nmR> AÜ¶mnZmXaå¶mZ AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr d¡{dÜ¶nyU© ¶moOZm H$er H$aVm ¶oB©b Vo nmhÿ ¶m!
1. n«mÊ¶m§Mr ¶mXr ‘wbm§Zm H$am¶bm gm§JVm ¶oB©b. (ho gd© àmUrgwX²Ym Z¡g{J©H$ n¶m©daUmMo KQ>H$ AmhoV ho
‘wbm§Zm g‘Oob.)
2. O§JbmV AmT>iUmè¶m àmÊ¶m§Mr {MÌm§gh ¶mXr H$am¶bm gm§JVm ¶oBb © . VgoM O§JbmV AmT>iUmè¶m dZñnVtMr
¶mXr Ë¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
3. dZñnVr ¶m CËnmXH$ AmhoV, Ë¶m H$emÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo AÝZ V¶ma H$aVmV? Aem àH$maMo àíZ {dMmaVm
¶oVrb. Ë¶mZ§Va dZñnVtda OJUmao àmW{‘H$ ^jH$, Ë¶m§Mm AÝZ åhUyZ Cn¶moJ H$aUmao X²{dVr¶,
V¥Vr¶H$ ^jH$ d Ë¶m§Mo {dKQ>Z H$aUmao gyú‘ Ord ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr àíZmoËVa ê$nmZo ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z {‘idVm
¶oB©b. ’$ù¶mda Ë¶mMr g{MÌ AmH¥$Vr H$mT>Vm ¶oB©b.
4. AmOy~mOyÀ¶m EImXçm eoVmV ghb KoD$Z {nH$m§darb ‘mdm, Ë¶mda OJUmao H$sQ>H$, H$sQ>H$m§da CXa{Zdm©h
H$aUmao N>moQ>o njr Aer AÝZgmIir ‘wbm§À¶m ZOaog AmUyZ XoVm ¶oB©b.
emioV naV Amë¶mZ§Va Ë¶m§Zm Aem {d{dY AÝZgmIù¶m emoYyZ {bhm¶bm, dU©Z H$am¶bm dm
{MÌ~X²Y H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
5. eoVrà‘mUoM Vio, ZXr, C{H$aS>m, S>~Ho$ ¶m§Vrb AÝZgmIù¶m emoYÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
6. O§Jbr dZñnVtMr nmZo, Zmdo g§H${bV H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oBb © . Ë¶m§Vrb H$moUË¶m dZñnVtMo Am¡fYr Cn¶moJ
AmhoV, Ë¶m H$moUË¶m AmOmam§da JwUH$mar AmhoV ho AmOr, AmOmo~m, JmdmVrb Á¶oîR>, d¥X²Y ì¶³VtMr
‘wbmIV KoD$Z ‘m{hVr H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.

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7. EImXçm ‘wbmÀ¶m dmT>{XdgmÀ¶m {Z{‘ËVmZo Ë¶mbm amonQ>o ôQ> XoVm ¶oB©b qH$dm embo¶ n[agamVrb EImXo
PmS> XËVH$ XoVm ¶oB©b. Ë¶m PmS>mda Ë¶mMo Zmd bmdVm Amë¶mg CËV‘.
8. ‘wbm§Zm {d{dY d¥jm§Mo ~rO g§H${bV H$aÊ¶mg gm§{JVbo Va nmdgmù¶mÀ¶m {Xdgm§V COmS> ‘miamZmda
~rOmamonU H$aÊ¶mg KoD$Z OmVm ¶oB©b.
9. AÝZgmIirVrb EImXm Xþdm {ZIibm Va .......
CXm. dmK {eH$ma Ho$ë¶mZo Zm‘eof Pmbm Va ..... ‘r dmK/dQ>d¥j ~mobVmo¶......
qH$dm ~m~y§Mr PmS>o ZîQ> Pmbr Va .......
Ago {dMmae³Vr d H$ënZme³Vrbm MmbZm XoUmao {df¶ MM}gmR>r, g§dmX, d³V¥Ëd, {Z~§Y ¶mH$[aVm XoVm
¶oVrb.
10. Vwåhr XÿaXe©ZÀ¶m H$moUË¶m dm{hZrdarb H$m¶©H«$‘ nmhVm, Ago {dMmê$Z {S>ñH$ìhar, A°{Z‘b ßb°ZoQ>,
dmB©ëS> bmB©’$ ¶m dm{hÝ¶m§darb H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr ‘m{hVr XoVm ¶oB©b. Vo H$m¶©H«$‘ nmhÊ¶mg àd¥ËV H$aVm ¶oB©b.
hçm gd© AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^dm§À¶m OmoS>rbm AmnU àË¶oH$ OU Amnmnë¶m H$ënZme³VrÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo
BVahr AZoH$ n¶m©daUmg ghm¶H$ R>aUmè¶m JmoîQ>r ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z H$ê$Z KoD$ eH$Vmo. Amnë¶m bjmV AmboM Agob
H$s ho gd© H$aV AgVmZmM AmnU Amnë¶m d ‘wbm§À¶mhr ZH$iV Ë¶m§À¶mM ¶oUmè¶m à{VgmXm§VZy ‘ZmV Zm|Xr H$aV
AgVmo. AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d d ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶m XmoZ doJù¶m JmoîQ>r AmhoV Ag§ åhUVm ¶oB©b H$m? ho XmoÝhr Á¶mbm
{eH$Ê¶mgmR>r ào[aV H$am¶bm {ZKmbmo AmhmoV Ë¶m AI§S> AmZ§XmÀ¶m IimiV dmhUmè¶m ~mbH$ Zm‘H$ Pè¶mMo XmoZ
H$mR>M Va AmhoV.
AmZ§XmZo ~mJS>V, AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dmbm ñne© H$aV, ñd¶§AÜ¶¶Z H$aV nwT>o ¶m Pè¶mM§ {demb kmZgmJamV
Pmbob§ ê$nm§Va nmhU§ {H$Vr g‘mYmZmM§ hmoB©b!! eodQ>r {eH$U§ ho AZw^dm§M§ gma Va AgV§!
‘yb hr kmZ R>odÊ¶mMr W¡br Amho Am{U H«${‘H$ nwñVHo$ hmM narjoMm nm¶m Amho. ¶m nma§n[aH$
g‘OmÀ¶m Am{U ì¶dhmamÀ¶m nbrH$S>o Joë¶m{edm¶ emioV {eH$Uo hm AmZ§XXm¶r AZw^d hmoUma Zmhr Ago
¶enmbm§À¶m AhdmbmV åhQ>bo Amho. ‘wbm§Mr CnOV gO©ZerbVm Amnë¶mM AZw^dm§VyZ kmZ {Z‘m©©U
H$aÊ¶mMr Ë¶mMr j‘Vm ¶mda {dídmg Zgë¶m‘wio àË¶oH$ JmoîQ> Ë¶m§Zm "nT>dbr' nm{hOo. ¶mda {ejUmMm â
AgVmo. df© gaVrb Vgm H«${‘H$ nwñVH$m§Mm AmH$ma dmT>VM OmVmo Amho. Ë¶mV ZdZdo {df¶ KQ>H$ A§V^y©V
H$aÊ¶mMm X~md dmT>V OmVmo. Ë¶m‘wio kmZ g§nyU© OrdZmÀ¶m O¡d ^mJ Amho ho {dgabo OmVo. OmS>OyS> nwñVHo$
Am{U Ë¶mV g‘m{dîQ> Agbobm nmR>çH«$‘ ho {ejU ì¶dñWm ’$gë¶mMo XçmoVH$ ‘mZm¶bm hdo.
amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2005

31 K
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{df` … gm‘mÝ¶ {dkmZ dJ© … {Vgar

nmR>mMo Zmd … dZñnVtMo Ad¶d
nmR>mMm Ame¶ : dZñnVrMo Ad¶d ¶m nmR>mVyZ dZñnVrÀ¶m Ad¶dm§Mr AmoiI d Ad¶dm§Vrb {d{dYVm
Aä¶mgÊ¶mgmR>r d¡{dÜ¶nyU© AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ‘m§S>Ur H$aVm ¶oB©b.
AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^d B àmUr-dZñnVr ¶m§À¶m {MÌm§À¶m {ZarjUmVyZ Ad¶dm§Mr VwbZm H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
B n[a{MV àmUr d dZñnVr ¶m§Mr VwbZm àíZmoËVa ê$nmZo H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
B hiwdmanUo CnQ>bëo ¶m amonQ>çmÀ¶m {ZarjUmVyZ Ad¶dm§À¶m {df¶r JQ>dma MMm© KS>dZy
AmUVm ¶oB©b d ‘m{hVrMo g§H$bZ H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b. (gXa amonQ>o H$m‘ Pmë¶mda
Ëd[aV Hw§$S>rV bmdmdo.)
B dJm©Vrb EH$m EH$m JQ>mbm dZñnVr dmQy>Z JQ>mV§ Zy {ZarjUmX²dmao dZñnVrÀ¶m Ad¶dm§À¶m
{d{dYVo~m~V MMm© KS>dZy AmUVm ¶oBb © . (‘oWr, H$moqW~ra, ‘wim B. KamVrb ^mOrnmbm)
B n[agamVrb {d{dY nmZm§Mo Z‘wZo Jmoim H$ê$Z Ë¶m§nH¡ $s EH$ nmZ {dXçmÏ¶m©g {ZdS>Ê¶mg
gm§JVm ¶oBb© d {ZdS>bbo o nmZ Á¶m dZñnVrMo Amho, Ë¶m dZñnVrÀ¶m gd© Ad¶dm§{df¶r
‘m{hVr g§H${bV H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
B dJm©VM dZñnVrÀ¶m Ad¶dm§Mo ‘hËËd ZmQ>çrH$aUmVyZ gmXa H$aVm ¶oBb © .
B {Xboë¶m ‘wX²Xçm§À¶m AmYmao ’$im§Mm dJuH$aU V³Vm dJm©VM ^ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
’$imMo Zmd a§J AmH$ma Md {~¶m§Mr ImÊ¶mÀ`m ’$imnmgyZ A{YH$
g§»¶m nX²YVr V¶ma hmoUmar doJir
H$ÀMo / CËnmXZo ‘m{hVr
{eOdyZ

32 K
CK
{Xbobr ’$io H$moUË¶m ^mJmV hmoVmV ¶mMr ‘m{hVr g§H${bV H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
B ’$bH$mda {MÌ bmdyZ àË¶oH$ JQ>mbm dZñnVr Ad¶dm§{df¶r MMm© H$ê$Z {Xboë¶m
‘wX²Xçm§À¶m AmYmao ‘m{hVr {b{hÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.

{d{dYVm- (‘yi, ImoS>, nmZ, ’y$b, ’$i) d Cn¶mo{JVm
B nag~mJobm ôQ> XoD$Z dZñnVtÀ¶m Ad¶dm§Mr ‘m{hVr Jmoim H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
B ~mOmamVrb H$moUVr CËnmXZo ’$io, nmZo, ImoS>, ’w$bo ¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo V¶ma H$aVmV
Ë¶mMr ‘m{hVr {‘idyZ Ë¶m§À¶m Om{hamVrÀ¶m doñQ>Zm§Mo g§H$bZ H$am`bm gm§JVm

òBb
© .
B "PmS> Amnbm {‘Ì' ¶m {df¶mda Amnbo {dMma WmoS>³¶mV ‘m§S>Ê¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
B {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {d{dY {~¶m XoD$Z emioVM nag~mJ V¶ma H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
B dZñnVrÀ¶m Ad¶dm§Mr {d{dYVm Aä¶mgVm ¶oB©b.
Aem d¡{dÜ¶nyU© AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dmV Am§Va{H«$¶og ânya dmd Agë¶mZo, ñd¶§AÜ¶¶Zmg ânya g§Yr
{‘imë¶mZo {eH$Uo gwb^ d a§OH$ hmoVo. Amnbr ‘Vo ‘m§S>Ê¶mMr g§Yr {‘iVo. AZw^dm§Mr XodmU-KodmU hmoVo. ¶m
Am§Va{H«$¶oVZy g§{dYmZmVrb ‘yë¶o, OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o Am{U Jm^m^yV KQ>H$ ¶m§Mr ghOnUo éOdUyH$ Ho$ë¶mg g§nmXZ
ÑT> hmoVo.
darbà‘mUo {ejH$m§Zm H$ënH$VoZo Amnë¶m nmVirda AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§V {d{dYVm AmUVm ¶oB©b.
AmOrdZ {eH$Ê¶mÀ¶m j‘Vm d¥X²qYJV H$ê$ ¶m.
amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>çmV 'Learning to Learn' ¶m g§H$ënZoda â {Xbobm Amho.
¶mnwT>rb H$mimV kmZ Am{U H$m¡eë¶o ¶m XmoÝhr ~m~t‘Ü¶o gVV ~Xb Am{U {dH$mgmMr à{H«$¶m Mmby
amhUma Amho. Ë¶m‘wio emioV {‘idboë¶m kmZ d H$m¡eë¶m§Mr {eXmoar hr XoIrb {dH$gZerb ñdê$nmMrM
Agbr nm{hOo. emioVrb kmZ d H$m¡eë¶o ’$³V emioVrb MmMÊ¶m§gmR>r Zìho, Va àË¶j OrdZì¶dhmamV
Cn¶moJr nS>m¶Mr AgVrb, Va Ë¶m‘Ü¶o H$mimÀ¶m JaOoZg w ma â KmbÊ¶mMr j‘Vm {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o
{Z‘m©U Ho$br nm{hOo. åhUOoM emioV ZwgVo "{eH$Uo' nwag o o Zmhr, Va H$moUVrhr JmoîQ> H$er {eH$mdr
¶mMohr {ejU KoUo Amdí¶H$ amhrb. ¶m {eH$Ê¶mÀ¶m j‘Vm§‘Ü¶o g§X^© H$m¡eë¶o (Reference skills)
CXmhaUmW©, eãXH$moe, B§Q>aZoQ> BË¶mXr JmoîQ>r hmVmiVm ¶oU;o AÜ¶¶Z H$m¡eë¶o (Study skills)
CXmhaUmW©, dmMboë¶m ^mJmMo ñdV:À¶m g§X^m©gmR>r {Q>nU R>do Vm ¶oU,o Ë¶m§Vrb ‘wXX² çm§Mr ‘m§S>Ur, H«$‘
BË¶mXr ~m~r ZrQ> bjmV KoUo Aem JmoîQ>tMm g‘mdoe amhrb. ¶mnyduhr ¶m JmoîQ>tMm g‘mdoe Aä¶mgH«$‘mV
hmoVm, na§Vw A{YH$ ‘hËËd {df¶kmZmbm {Xbo OmV Ago. ZdrZ Aä¶mgH«$‘mV AÜ¶¶Z H$m¡eë¶o hm
àË¶oH$ {df¶mV {eH$Ê¶mMm qH$dm Aä¶mgmMm ñdV§Ì KQ>H$ amhrb.
amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010

33 K
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{df` … {dkmZ dJ© … ghmdr

nmR>mMo Zmd … nXmW© doJio H$aÊ¶mMr nX²YVr
nmR>mMo Ame¶ : "nXmW© doJio H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m {d{dY nX²YVr' ¶m nmR>mVyZ nXmW© doJù¶m H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m {d{dY
nX²YVtMm amoOÀ¶m OrdZmV d à¶moJemioV H$gm dmna H$aVm ¶oB©b ¶m AZwf§JmZo {d{dY
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ‘m§S>Ur nwT>rbà‘mUo H$aVm ¶oB©b.
d¡{dÜ¶nyU© AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d :
- amoOÀ¶m OrdZmV H$moUË¶m {‘lU¶w³V nXmWmªMm Cn¶moJ H$aVmo, ¶m~m~V àíZmoËVa ê$nmZo
dJm©V MMm© H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
- ñWm¶y-ñWm¶y, Ðd-ñWm¶y, Ðd-dm¶y , Ðd-Ðd nXmW© EH$‘oH$m§V {‘giyZ V¶ma hmoUmè¶m
{‘lUm§Mr ¶mXr ’$ù¶mda {b{hÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- amoOÀ¶m OrdZmVrb gmo¶ Am{U JaO ¶m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z {‘lUmVrb KQ>H$ doJio
H$aUmè¶m CXmhaUm§Mr JQ>dma MMm© H$ê$Z ‘m{hVr KoVm ¶oB©b.
- nmUr, dmiy Am{U ‘rR> ¶m§Mo {‘lU JmiU d ~mînr^dZ àmË¶{jH$ à¶moJ H$ê$Z doJio
H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- ÐdmVrb A{dÐmì¶ ñWm¶wê$n KQ>H$ {ZjonU d JmiU H$mJXmÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo doJio H$ê$Z
ñdÀN> Ðd àmË¶{jH$ H$ê$Z {‘i{dÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b d Ë¶m§Mr {ZarjUo Zm|X{dÊ¶mg
gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- eoVH$ar YmÝ¶mVyZ ZH$mo Agbobo nXmW© doJio H$go H$aVmV ho àË¶j eoVmg (Iù¶mg)
ôQ> XoD$Z ‘m{hVr H«$‘dma Vn{ebmgh {bhÿZ KoVm ¶oB©b.
- "nXmW© doJio H$aÊ¶mÀ`m nX²YVrMm AmnU X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV dmna H$gm d H$moR>o
H$aVmo hr ‘m{hVr dJm©V MMm© H$ê$Z gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- nmdgmù¶mV Zimbm ¶oUmao JTy>i nmUr ñdÀN> H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Vwåhr H$moUH$moUË¶m nX²YVtMm
Adb§~ H$amb. Ë¶mVrb {ZarjUo Amnë¶m dhrV Zm|X H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- g§ßbdZerb nXmWmªMr Zmdo ’$ù¶mda {bhÿZ KoD$Z Ë¶m~m~VMo {dXçmÏ¶m©Mo AZw^d H$WZ
JQ>mVyZ KoVm ¶oB©b.
- g§ßbdZerb nXmWmªZm CîUVm {Xë¶mg H$m¶ KS>Vo ho à¶moJmÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo nS>VmiyZ
nmhÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- ^wemVrb bmoI§S>mMm H$sg doJim H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Mw§~H$mÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo àmË¶{jH$ H$ê$Z
KoVm ¶oB©b.
- {Xboë¶m nXmWm©VZy Mw~§ H$s¶ d AM§~w H$s¶ nXmWmªMr ¶mXr ’$ù¶mda {b{hÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oBb
© .

34 K
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- a³VXmZ {e{~ambm ôQ> XoD$Z-VoWrb S>m³° Q>am§À¶m ‘wbmIVrVyZ a³VXmZmg§~Y§ rMo ‘hËËd
g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- a³VmVrb KQ>H$ H$go doJio H$aVmV d Ë¶mMm AmOmar ‘mUgmbm H$gm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo,
¶mgmR>r a³VnoT>rbm ôQ> XoD$Z ‘m{hVrMo g§H$bZ H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- XþYmMr ^wH$Q>r H$er V¶ma H$aVmV ¶m~m~V ‘m{hVr {‘idyZ {VMo boIZ H$ê$Z dJm©V
‘m{hVr gm§JVm ¶oB©b.
- nXmW© doJio H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m nX²YVr Aä¶mgÊ`mg gm§JVm òB©b.
Aem àH$maMo d¡{dÜ¶nyU© AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d {Xë¶mZo {dXçmÏ¶m©Mo ghOVoZo AÜ¶¶Z hmoVo. {dXçmWu AÜ¶¶Z
AZw^dmV Amnbm gMoVZ à{VgmX XoD$Z ¶eñdr gh^mJ KoVmV. ¶m‘wio {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ A{YH$
à‘mUmV {dH${gV hmoVmZm {XgyZ ¶oVmo. àË¶j H¥$Vr H$aÊ¶mVyZ A{YH$ ‘ZmoaO
§ Z hmoVo d {dXçmWu AmZ§XmZo gh^mJ
KoVmV. g‘ñ¶m {ZamH$aU d gO©Zerb {dMma ¶m OrdZ H$m¡eë¶m§Mm {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o n[anmof hmoVmZm {XgyZ ¶oVmo.
¶m gd© AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§VZy àË¶jnUo AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZmÀ¶m gmYZ-V§Ìm§Mm CëboI Z XoVm ZH$iVnUo
¶m gmYZ V§Ìm§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmZm {XgyZ Ambm. Aem àH$mao AZw^d {Xë¶mZo {dXçmWu A{YH$ H$m¶©j‘ hmoV amhVrb
Aer Anojm Amho. ¶m‘wio AÜ¶¶Z -AÜ¶mnZ d ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶m XmoÝhr ~m~r EH${ÌnUo hmoVmZm {XgyZ ¶oVmV.
WmoS>mgm {dMma H$ê$ `m

‘wbm§Zm Ë¶m§Mo åhUUo dm AZw^d dJm©‘Ü¶o ì¶³V H$am¶bm {‘iV Zmhr. dJm©V Zoh‘r {ejH$mMmM
AmdmO EoH$y ¶oV AgVmo. ‘wbo ~mobVmV Voìhm EH$ Va Vo àíZm§Mr CËVao XoVmV qH$dm {ejH$m§À¶m eãXm§MmM
nwZéÀMma H$aV AgVmV. ‘wbo ñdV: ³d{MVM H¥$Vr H$aVmV. AWdm ñdV:bm nwT>mH$ma KoÊ¶mMr g§Yr
A^mdmZo {‘iVo. Aä¶mgH«$‘mZo {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ñdV:Mm AmdmO JdgÊ¶mgmR>r gmhmæ¶ Ho$bo nm{hOo. Ë¶m§Mo
Hw$Vyhb Omonmgbo nm{hOo. AZoH$ JmoîQ>r H$ê$Z nmhÊ¶mMr, àíZ {dMmaÊ¶mMr, emoY KoÊ¶mMr Ë¶m§Mr
CËgwH$Vm dmT>{dbr nm{hOo. nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb kmZmMr KmoH$§ nQ²>Q>r H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aÊ¶mEodOr,
emioV {‘iUmè¶m kmZm~amo~a Ë¶m§À¶m AZw^dmMr gm§JS> KmbÊ¶mMr j‘Vm {dH${gV Ho$br nm{hOo.

35 K
CK
H$bm B`ËVm : 1 br Vo 4 Wr
àmW{‘H$ {ejUmÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV "H$bm' {df¶mMo ñWmZ ‘hËËdmMo Amho. Oar n§Mo{Ð¶m§À¶m‘m’©$V AmnU
OJmMo kmZ H$ê$Z KoV Agbmo d ho AmH$bZ hmoÊ¶mgmR>r ^mfoMr Amdí¶H$Vm Agbr Var H$mhr "^mdZm' d
"H$ënZm' ì¶³V H$aÊ¶mg ^mfm Anwar nS>V.o Aem ^mfonbrH$S>rb H$ënZm§Zm H$boMo {dídM dmQ> H$ê$Z XoD$ eH$Vo.
VgoM ì¶{³V‘ËËdmÀmm gdmªJrU {dH$mg, H$boÀ¶m AmñdmX A{^ì¶³Vr à{H«$¶oVyZ gmYbm OmVmo.
gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZmÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ {d{dY gmYZ V§Ìm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z H$bm {ejUm‘Ü¶o g‘m{dîQ>
Ho$boë¶m "{MÌ-{eën, Z¥Ë¶-ZmQ>ç, Jm¶Z-dmXZ' ¶m KQ>H$m§n¡H$s {MÌ-{eën ¶m KQ>H$m§Mo {d{dY gmYZ V§ÌmMm
dmna H$ê$Z H$em arVrZo à^mdr AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoVm ¶oB©b ¶mMm {dMma H$ê$ ¶m.
{df¶ : H$bm B`ËVm : 1 br Vo 4 Wr
* nmR>çm§emMo ñdê$n : X²{d{‘V {eën
: ‘wÐm{MÌ (R>go {MÌ)
* gmYZ V§ÌmMr {ZdS> : CnH«$‘ d H¥$Vr
: àmË¶{jH$
: àH$ën
* gmYZ V§Ì {ZdS>Ê¶mMo :
hoVy : {ZarjU j‘Vm, Am{dîH$ma j‘Vm, gO©ZerbVm, H$m¡eë¶d¥X²Yr.
X²{d{‘V {eën A§VJ©V ‘wÐm{MÌ (R>go {MÌ) ¶m nmR>çm§emMo ñdê$n H¥$VrÀ¶m H$m¶©nX²YVrZwgma H$em arVrZo
nmhVm ¶oB©b/gmXa H$aVm ¶oB©b ho AmnU nmhÿ -
{df¶ : H$bm B`ËVm : 1,2,3 gmR>r

nmR>çm§e … X²{d{‘V {eën ‘wÐm{MÌ (R>go {MÌ)
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoVmZm AmnUm§g-
{MÌmV XmI{dë¶mà‘mUo IS>~S>rV n¥îR>^mJ/CR>mdXma Zjr AgUmè¶m
H$moUË¶mhr dñVy (PmS>mMo dmibobo nmZ, ‘mVr B.) KoVm ¶oVrb.
{ZdS>boë¶m dñVyÀ¶m IS>~S>rV n¥îR>^mJmda H$moam H$mJX R>odVm ¶oB©b.

¶m{edm¶ é‘mb H$mnS> ¶m§Mmhr dmna H$aVm ¶oB©b.

36 K
CK
H$moè¶m H$mJXmda AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo CnbãY gmYZmZo KmgVm

¶oB©b. CXm. nopÝgb, a§JrV nopÝgb, Vob ISy>.
{MÌmV XmI{dë¶mà‘mUo H$moè¶m H$mJXmda {ZdS>boë¶m IS>~S>rV

n¥îR>^mJmMr à{VH¥$Vr V¶ma hmoB©b.
{d{dY àH$maÀ¶m IS>~S>rV dñVy d gmYZo ¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo ‘wÐm{MÌo

V¶ma H$aUo.
Aem àH$maMo AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d {Xë¶mZ§Va ‘wÐm{MÌm§Mo {d{dY Z‘wZo AmnUm§g {‘iy eH$VmV. H$boMr CX²{XîQ>o
gmÜ¶ H$aV AgVmZm gd© {dXçmÏ¶mªZm g‘mZ g§Yr {‘imbr. VgoM àË¶oH$mZo ‘wÐm{MÌ H$mT>Ê¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm.
¶mVyZ Ë¶m§Zm ñd-{Z{‘©VrMm AmZ§X {‘imbm. {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m gm¢X¶©ÑîQ>rMm {dH$mg hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV Pmbr. SCF d
NCF ¶m§À¶m {ZX}emà‘mUo VUmd‘w³V d AmZ§XXm¶r dmVmdaUmV ‘wÐm{MÌ H$mT>bo. Ho$di R>amdrH$ AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d
Z XoVm Oamgm doJim {dMma H$ê$Z H¥$Vr, àmË¶{jH$, CnH«$‘ ¶m§Xd² mao doJio AZw^d {Xbo Job.o AÜ¶¶Z AÜ¶mnZmV
dmnabr Jobobr V§Ìo hr ‘yë¶‘mnZmÀ¶m V§Ìm§nojm doJir ZmhrV.
{df¶ : H$bm B¶ËVm : 5 dr Vo 8 dr
KQ>H$ …- ñda ñWmZ V³Vm V¶ma H$aUo.
B. 5 dr Vo 8 dr À¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm g§JrVmMo kmZ hmoÊ¶mgmR>r ¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªH$Sy>Z ñda ñWmZ V³Vm V¶ma
H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b. hm V³Vm V¶ma H$aVmZm nwT>rb AÜ¶¶Z - AZw^d XoD$ ¶m.
àW‘ H$moam H$mJX KoD$ ¶m.
H$moè¶m H$mJXmda H$mù¶m d nm§T>è¶m a§JmÀ¶m nQ²>Q>çm§Mo AmH¥$VrV

XmI{dë¶mà‘mUo aoImQ>Z H$ê$ ¶m.
aoImQ>boë¶m AmH¥$VrV H$mù¶m nQ²>Q>çm§À¶m 2-3 Aem nQ²>Q>r g‘yhm§n¡H$s

2 nQ²>Q>çm§À¶m g‘yhmVrb n{hë¶m H$mù¶m nQ²>Q>rg ""gm'' Ago Zmd XoD$
¶m. Xþgè¶m nQ²>Q>rg ""ao'' ho Zmd XoD$ ¶m. nwT>rb XmoZ nm§T>è¶m nQ²>Q>çm§nH¡ $s
Xþgè¶m nm§T>è¶m nQ²>Q>rg "J', Ë¶mZ§Va nwT>rb gbJ 3 H$mù¶m nQ²>Q>çm§Zm

37 K
CK
AZwH«$‘o "‘', "n', "Y' Aer Zmdo XoD$ ¶m Ë¶m nwT>rb XmoZ nm§T>è¶m
nQ²>Q>çm§n¡H$s Xþgè¶m nm§T>è¶m nQ²>Q>rg "Zr' ho Zmd XoD$ ¶m. d nwT>rb XmoZ
H$mù¶m nQ²>Q>tn¡H$s n{hë¶m H$mù¶m nQ²>Q>rg "gm' ho Zmd XoD$ ¶m.
Aem nX²YVrZo ñda ñWmZ V³Vm V¶ma H$ê$ ¶m.
Aem àH$maMr H¥$Vr KoD$Z {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gmV ñdam§Mr AmoiI hmoVo. hm ñda ñWmZ V³Vm V¶ma H$aVmZm
{dXçmÏ¶mªZm {ZarjUmMr gd¶ bmJVo. ñdam§Mo ñWmZ bjmV ¶oVo..
{ejH$m§Zr ¶mgmR>r V¶ma Agm¶bm hdo

‘wbm§Mr H$miOr KoU,o Ë¶m§À¶m~amo~a amhm¶bm AmdS>U.o
‘wbm§Zm gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥$[VH$, amOH$s¶ g§X^m©V g‘OyZ KoU.o
J«hUj‘ AgUo, gVV {eH$V amhUo.
d¡¶{³VH$ AZw^dm§Mm AW© emoYUo åhUOo {eH$Uo. kmZ{Z{‘©Vr åhUOo g‘O dmT>{dUmar gmVË¶mMr CËH«$m§V
hmoUmar à{H«$¶m ho OmUUo.
g‘mOmàVr Agbobr O~m~Xmar PobUo d A{YH$ Mm§Jbo OJ C^maÊ¶mgmR>r H$m‘ H$aUo.
kmZ åhUOo nmR>çnwñVH$m§‘Ü¶o éVdyZ ~gbobo ~mhoaMo dmñVd Ago Z ‘mZVm, Vr EH$ {eH$Ê¶m-{eH$dÊ¶mÀ¶m
d d¡¶{³VH$ AZw^dm§À¶m g§X^m©V ghH$m¶m©Zo Ho$bobr aMZm ho OmUUo.
amîQ´>r` Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2004

38 K
CK
{df¶ … emar[aH$ {ejU
emar[aH$ {ejUmÀ¶m Zì¶m Ñ{îQ>H$moZmZwgma àmW{‘H$ ñVamnmgyZM {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o ì¶m¶m‘mMr AmdS> {Z‘m©U
H$aUo, H$maH$ H$m¡eë¶o åhUOo Motor skill {dH${gV H$aUo ho Ano{jV Amho. {dXçmÏ¶m©Mr Amamo½¶{Y{îR>V emar[aH$
gwÑT>Vm (Health Related Physical Fitness) {dH${gV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r emar[aH$ {ejUmVrb {Za{Zamù¶m hmbMmbr
H$ê$Z KoUo Ano{jV Amho. {dXçmÏ¶m©Mr öX¶ g§dhZ j‘Vm, ñZm¶yM§ r VmH$X, ñZm¶yM§ m X‘XmanUm, bdMrH$Vm, doJ,
‘ÁOmaÁOy d ñZm¶y ¶m§Mm g‘Ýd¶, S>m¡b, {Xem{^‘wIVm, Vmob ¶m j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Aä¶mgH«$‘m‘Ü¶o
{d{dY ì¶m¶m‘ àH$mam§Mm g‘mdoe Ho$bm Amho. emar[aH$ {ejUmMm Aä¶mgH«$‘ ‘wimVM H¥$Vr, àmË¶{jH$ d CnH«$‘
¶mda AmYm[aV Amho. gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZm‘Ü¶o hrM gmYZo AmhoV. ¶m {df¶mMo AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoVmZm
¶m gmYZV§Ìm§Mm AmnmoAmn g‘mdoe hmoVM AgVmo. H¥$Vr, àmË¶{jH$ d CnH«$‘ ¶m§À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘m§VZy AÜ¶¶Z AÜ¶mnZ
à{H«$¶m Pmbr Va AÜ¶¶Z - AÜ¶mnZ Am{U ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶m§Mm ñdV§Ì {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr JaOM ^mgUma Zmhr. ¶m
{df¶mÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mVyZ ì¶³V Ho$boë¶m Anojm nyU© H$aÊ¶mgmR>r AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr ¶moOZm gm‘mÝ¶nUo H$er
Agmdr ho EH$m Z‘wZm CXmhaUmX²dmao AmnU nmhÿ..
B¶ËVm 5 dr À¶m dJm©‘Ü¶o ¶moJmgZm‘Yrb dO«mgZ ho AmgZ KoD$ ¶m. ¶moJmgZmX²dmao {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ñZm¶yM§ r
VmH$X d X‘XmanUm dmT>{dUo, õX¶ g§dhZ j‘Vm dmT>{dUo, bdMrH$Vm dmT>{dUo, {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o ¶mo½¶ earapñWVrMr
OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo VgoM {dXçmÏ¶mªMr ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aUo ¶m JmoîQ>r Ano{jV AmhoV.
H$moUVohr ì¶m¶m‘ àH$ma gwê$ H$aÊ¶mnydu {dXçmÏ¶mªMo eara ì¶m¶m‘mg V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§À¶m nyaH$
hmbMmbr KoUo ho AmnU OmUVmM, åhUyZ ¶moJmgZmgmR>r Á¶m nyaH$ hmbMmbr Am{U earamÀ¶m VmUmMo àH$ma
Amdí¶H$ AmhoV Vo àH$ma AmnU àW‘ KoD$ ¶m.
Z§Va gd© {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {ejH$mMo àmË¶{jH$ {Xgob Am{U AmgZ H$aVmZm AS>MU ¶oUma Zmhr Aer ~¡R>H$
ì¶dñWm {ejH$ H$aVrb. Z§Va {ejH$ AmgZ V¶mar pñWVr AmgZmÀ¶m Mma pñWVr ¶m§Mo àmË¶{jH$ XmIdVrb.
¶m Z§Va {ejH$ H¥$Vr H$aV AgVmZm {dXçmÏ¶mªZm H¥$VrMo AZwH$aU H$aÊ¶mg gm§JVrb. ¶m Z§Va gd© {dXçmWu
AmgZmMm gamd H$aVrb, {ejH$ {ZarjU H$aVrb. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm àmË¶{jH$ XoVrb. Ë¶mZ§Va AmXe© AmgZ pñWVr
H$aUmè¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm g‘moa KoD$Z Ë¶m§À¶m g‘doV {dXçmWu àmË¶{jH$ gmXa H$aVrb. Á¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m
AmgZpñWVr‘Ü¶o AMyH$Vm ¶oV Zmhr Aem {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {ejH$ d¡¶{³VH$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aVrb.
AmVm {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {dMmê$ ¶m, "dO«mgZ H$aVmZm Vw‘À¶m earamÀ¶m H$moUË¶m ^mJmbm VmU OmUdbm?
earamÀ¶m H$moUH$moUË¶m ^mJmMm ì¶m¶m‘ Pmbm?
¶m AmgZmMo H$moUH$moUVo ’$m¶Xo hmoD$ eH$VmV?'
{dXçmÏ¶mªH$Sy>Z Ano{jV CËVao {‘iVrbM.
Or ‘m{hVr {dXçmÏ¶mªH$Sy>Z {‘iUma Zmhr Vr ‘m{hVr {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gm§JVm ¶oB©b. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gm§Jy ¶m H$s

39 K
CK
dO«mgZ VgoM AmVmn¶ªV gamd Ho$boë¶m AmgZm§Mo H$moUVo ’$m¶Xo hmoVmV ¶mMr ‘m{hVr {‘idm.
dO«mgZ VgoM AmVmn¶ªV gamd Ho$boë¶m AmgZm§Mm gamd Kar H$am. Ë¶m‘wio Vwåhm§bm H$moUVo ’$m¶Xo Pmbo
ho dJm©V gm§Jm. "AmgZm{df¶r Vw‘Mo ‘V gm§Jm', Agm àH$ën XoVm ¶oB©b.
nm{hb§V AmnU AÜ¶¶Z AÜ¶mnZ hmoV AgVmZmM ‘yë¶‘mnZmVrb gmYZ V§Ìm§Mm dmna H$gm H$aV AgVmo
Vo. {ejH$ {‘Ìhmo, AmVm Vwåhr gm§Jm AÜ¶¶Z AÜ¶mnZmV Amnë¶mH$Sy>Z H$moUH$moUË¶m gmYZ V§Ìm§Mm dmna Pmbm?
1) AmgZmMm gamd H$aVmZm H¥$Vr Am{U àmË¶{jH$mMm dmna Pmbm.
2) ¶moJmgZ, VgoM dO«mgZmMo ’$m¶Xo OmUyZ KoD$Z Vo gm§JVmZm Vm|S>r H$m‘ Pmbo.
3) AmnU AmgZmMr {MÌo, AmgZm§Mr ‘m{hVr ¶m§Mo g§H$bZ, ‘m§S>Ur H$am¶bm gm§JyZ ¶mX²dmao àH$ënhr XoD$
eH$Vmo.
4) {dXçmÏ¶m©Zo AmgZ AmË‘gmV Ho$ë¶mZ§Va, Ë¶mbm ¶mo½¶ Ë¶m gd© gyMZm XoD$Z Kar AmgZm§Mm gamd
H$amd¶mg gm§JyZ ñdmÜ¶m¶hr XoD$ eH$Vmo.
5) ¶mM~amo~a emar[aH$ {ejU Am{U Amamo½¶ ¶m {df¶m‘Ü¶o X¡Z§{XZ {ZarjUmMohr ñWmZ AË¶§V ‘hËËdmMo
AgVo. H$maU {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m Amamo½¶{df¶H$ gd¶r, d¡¶{³VH$ d gmd©O{ZH$ ñdÀN>VoMr OmUrd, ¶mo½¶
earapñWVr, {IbmSy> d¥ËVr ¶m gd© JmoîQ>r X¡Z§{XZ {ZarjUmX²dmaoM {ejH$mg OmUyZ KoVm ¶oVrb.
{ejH$m§gmR>r gyMZm …
1) emar[aH$ {ejUmMr Vm{gH$m gwê$ H$aVmZm nyaH$ hmbMmbr (Warm - up) Am{U Vm{gHo$À¶m eodQ>r
{e{WbrH$aUmÀ¶m hmbMmbr (Cool - Down exercises) ¿¶mì¶mV.
2) {ejH$m§Zr ñdV… àW‘ H¥$Vr H$ê$Z XmIdmdr.
3) {dXçmWu H¥$Vr H$aV AgVmZm {ejH$m§Zr {ZarjU H$ê$Z Amdí¶H$ VoWo ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$amdo.
4) {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gamdmgmR>r nwaogm doi XoD$Z ‘JM ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$amdo.
5) {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o ¶m {df¶mMr AmdS> dmT>mdr åhUyZ emar[aH$ {ejUmÀ¶m Vm{gHo$À¶m eodQ>r N>moQ>o N>moQ>o
Ioi, Amamoù¶m ¿¶mì¶mV.

40 K
CK
dO«mgZ
({ejH$m§Zr ñdV: H¥$Vr H$amdr. {dXçmWu {ZarjU H$aVrb, Ë¶mZ§Va {ejH$ H«$‘e: H¥$Vr H$aVrb {dXçmWu
AZwH$aU H$aVrb.)
XmoÝhr hmVm§Mo n§Oo O{‘Zrbm Q>oH$bobo, nm¶ gai nwT>o ngbobo, nmR>rVyZ VmR> ~gm
pñWVr 1
COdm nm¶ JwS>¿¶mVyZ Xþ‘S>m.

pñWVr 2
pñWVr 3 S>mdm nm¶ JwS>¿¶mVyZ Xþ‘S>m.
pñWVr 4
XmoÝhr hmV JwS>¿¶mda R>odm.
dO«mgZmMo ’$m¶Xo …
dO«mgZ ho EH$ ¶moJm‘Yrb ‘hËËdmMo AmgZ Amho. hçm AmgZmMo ‘hËËdmMo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo Vo OodU
Ho$ë¶mZ§Va 15 {‘{ZQ>mZ§ r gwX² Y² m H$aVm ¶oV.o dO«mgZm‘wio nMZ{H«$¶m gwYmaVo. earamVrb {d{dY g§ñWm§Mr H$m¶©e³Vr
dmT>{dVo.

41 K
CK
H$m¶m©Zw^d
àmñVm{dH$
{dXçmÏ¶mªZm bhmZ d¶mVM ñdÀN>Vm d gm¢X¶© ¶m~X²Xb AmdS> {Z‘m©U H$aUo d Ë¶mX²dmao H$m¡eë¶ {dH$mg
gmÜ¶ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {d{dY H¥$Vr CnH«$‘m§Mr H$m¶©dmhr H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. H$mnUo, {MH$Q>dUo Aem bhmZ-bhmZ
H¥$VtVyZ {dXçmÏ¶mªZm AmZ§X {‘iVmo. Aem H¥$VrMo gmXarH$aU H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.
nmR>çm§e - nVmH$m V¶ma H$ê$Z KoUo. ¶m KQ>H$mMo AÜ¶mnZ H$aVmZm nwT>rb AÜ¶¶Z-AZw^dm§Mo Am¶moOZ
H$aVm ¶oB©b.
1) XmoZ-Mma a§JrV nV§Jr H$mJX OwidyZ KoD$ ¶m.
2) ¶m H$mJXm§Zm ‘Ü¶mda KS>çm KmbV H$mJXmMo Am¶VmH¥$Vr bhmZ-bhmZ ^mJ XmIdUmao AmH$ma V¶ma ¶oVrb
Ago nmhmdo.
3) AmVm KS>çm KmbyZ Ë¶mVrb Am¶VmH$ma H$mnyZ H$mTy> ¶m.
4) a§Jr~oaJ§ r Am¶V AmH$mamVrb Mma Vo nmM AmH$ma KoD$Z Ë¶mMo XmoZ gmaIo {ÌH$moU AmH$ma V¶ma hmoVrb Aer
KS>r KmbyZ KoD$ ¶m.
5) AmVm Vr KS>r CbJSy>Z Ë¶mda H$mÌrZo gai H$mn KoD$Z nVmH$m H$mnyZ H$mT>m Am{U ~Km {H$Vr N>mZ a§Jr~oaJ§ r
nVmH$m V¶ma Pmë¶m.
6) nVmH$m dJm©V bmdyZ KoVm ¶oVrb.
Aem àH$maÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mo Am¶moOZ Ho$bo AgVm H¥$Vr, àmË¶{jH$, CnH«$‘ am~dVm Ambm. åhUOoM
hr ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr gmYZo Amnë¶m AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oVyZ doJir ZmhrV. VgoM nVmH$m§Mo H$mn KoVmZm
ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUmMr gd¶ ‘wbm§Zm bmJVo. VgoM nVmH$m dmnê$Z gwemo^Z H$aVmZm gm¢X¶©ÑîQ>rMm {dH$mg hmoVmo. VgoM
doioMr ~MV H$ê$Z AënH$mbmdYrV gw~H$ nVmH$m V¶ma hmoVmV.
Z‘wZm CnH«$‘ B¶ËVm 5 Vo 8
H$m¶m©Zw^d {df¶mVyZ {d{dY àH$maÀ¶m H$m¡eë¶ {dH$mgm~amo~aM {d{dY àH$maÀ¶m ‘yë¶m§Mr éOdUyH$ H$aUo
d Ë¶mMm g‘mOmon¶moJr H$m¶m©gmR>r dmna H$aÊ¶mgmR>r j‘Vm {Z‘m©U H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. n¶m©daUm~X²Xb OmUrd
{Z‘m©U H$aUo, hñVH$m¡eë¶m§VyZ g‘mOmon¶moJr CËnmXH$ H$m¶m©V hmV^ma bmdUo d ‘¶m©{XV ñdê$nmV AWm©oËnmXZ
j‘Vm {Z‘m©U H$aUo ¶m ÑîQ>rZo X¡Z{§ XZ OrdZmV ghO CnbãY hmoVrb Aem gm{hË¶ gmYZm§nmgyZ Cn¶w³V dñVyM§ r
{Z{‘©Vr H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm {Z‘m©U H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
ßb°pñQ>H$ {nedrMo Xþîn[aUm‘ d Ë¶mMm A‘¶m©X dmna nmhVm n¶m©daUmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo g§ñH$maj‘ H$m¶© H$aÊ¶mMm
AmZ§X {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {‘imdm ¶m hoVyZo aX²Xr H$mJXmVyZ H$mJXr {neì¶m§Mr {Z{‘©Vr H$aÊ¶mMm CnH«$‘ {ZdS>bm Amho.

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AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d ¶moOZm

1) d¥ËVnÌmMr 2 OmoS> nmZo KoD$Z Ë¶mbm AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo VwQ>H$ aofdo a
KS>çm Kmby ¶m.
2) KS>çm KmVbobr ~mOy Imbr Yê$Z XmoÝhr ~mOyÀ¶m KS>çm EH$‘oH$m§da ¶oVrb
Aem nH$Sy>Z Ë¶m ñQ>onbaÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo OmoSy>Z XoD$ ¶m.
3) OmoS>boë¶m ^mJmda AmVyZ ~mhoê$Z J‘Q>on {MH$Q>dyZ KoD$ ¶m.
4) V¶ma AmH$mambm AmH¥$VrV XmI{dë¶mà‘mUo VwQ>H$ aofoda KS>çm Kmby ¶m.
5) AmH¥$VrV XmIdë¶mà‘mUo XmoÝhr ~mOy gma»¶m AmV Xþ‘Sy>Z KS>çm Xm~yZ

n³³¶m H$ê$ ¶m.
6) {nedrÀ¶m Imbrb ~mOybm ñQ>onba {nZm ‘mê$Z VwQ>H$ aofoda KS>r Kmby ¶m.
7) Ë¶m KS>rda J‘Q>on {MH$Q>dyZ Vr KS>r n³H$s H$ê$ ¶m.
8) OmS> H$mS>©erQ>Mo 2 VwH$S>o KoD$Z Vo ‘Ymo‘Y Xþ‘Sy>Z ¿¶m d {nedrÀ¶m XmoÝhr

~mOy§da ñQ>onbaÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo bmdyZ KoD$ ¶m.

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9) ñQ>onba ‘maboë¶m {nZm§da AmVyZ ~mhoê$Z J‘Q>on {MH$Q>dyZ KoD$ ¶m åhUOo

Ë¶m {nZm Q>mMo Uma ZmhrV. VgoM Ë¶m H$mS>e© rQ>da n§qMJ ‘{eZÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo
EH$gmaIo {N>Ð nmSy>Z KooD$ ¶m.
10) gma»¶m ‘mnmÀ¶m XmoZ gwVirMo VwH$S>o KoD$Z Ë¶m XmoÝhr ~mOyZo AmodyZ AmV
JmR> ~m§YyZ {nedrMo ~§X H$ê$ ¶m.
Aem arVrZo H$mJXr {nedr V¶ma H$ê$ ¶m.
{ejH$m§gmR>r gyMZm
CnH«$‘ H$ê$Z KoVmZm Aem arVrZo {d{dY àH$maÀ¶m H$mJXmÀ¶m {neì¶m V¶ma H$ê$Z ¿¶m.
H$mJXr {neì¶m§Mo ‘hËËd ñnîQ> H$ê$Z Ë¶mMm dmna H$aÊ¶m~m~V à~moYZ H$am.
‘yë¶‘mnZ H$emMo ?
{ejH$m§Zr H$m¶ {Xbo' ¶mnojm {dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m ‘ZmV H$moUVr kmZ{Z{‘©Vr Pmbr; H$moUVr H$m¡eë¶o Ë¶m§Zr {H$Vr
à‘mUmV gmÜ¶ Ho$br d Ë¶m‘Ü¶o gwYmaUm, ~Xb H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Ë¶m§À¶mV {H$Vr à‘mUmV {Z‘m©U Pmbr.
¶mbm ‘hËËd Agë¶m‘wio ‘yë¶‘mnZmVrb Ame¶mda â AgUma Zmhr. Zo‘boë¶m ^mJmdarb ‘w»¶V…
ñ‘aUmVyZ {bhm¶Mr CËVao, R>amdrH$ gmÀ¶mVrb boIZ ¶m ~m~tda â AgUma Zmhr. Va doimodi o r
{dXçmÏ¶m©Mr AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶m H$emàH$mao Mmby Amho ¶mMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ Ho$bo OmB©b. Ë¶mgmR>r g‘ñ¶m§Mr
CH$b, ‘w³VmoËVar, ~hwËVar àíZ, j‘Vm {dH$mgmMr MmMUr ¶m ~m~r ‘hËËdmÀ¶m R>aVrb. ‘yë¶‘mnZmMo
’${bV hr {dXçmÏ¶mªMr dJ©dmar, H«$‘dmar R>adÊ¶mgmR>r Zmhr, Va ‘w»¶V… {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Zmbm {Xem
XoÊ¶mgmR>r dmnabo OmB©b.
‘yë¶‘mnZ Ame¶mMo Zìho, Va AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oMo

44 K
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àH$aU 4 : àíZ{Z{‘©Vr H$m¡eë¶

PmS>mdê$Z {nH$bob§ g’$aM§X Imbr O{‘Zrda nS>b§. PmS>mImbr ~gboë¶m Ý¶yQ>ZZo Vo nm{hb§. g’$aM§X
ImbrM H$m nS>b? § Vo da AmH$memV H$m Zmhr Job? § Aem àíZm§Zr Ë¶mÀ¶m^modVr ’o$a Yê$Z Ë¶mbm AñdñW H$ê$Z
gmoS>b§. {dMma à{H«$¶oZo Ë¶mMo Hw$Vyhb dmT>V Job§. Ë¶mVyZ gO©ZerbVm OmJr Pmbr. AZ... JwéËdmH$f©UmMm emoY
bmJbm. JwéËdmH$f©UmM§ kmZ Pmb§. nmR>monmR> àË¶oH$ dñVyda Ë¶mMm à^md Agë¶mM§ AmH$bZ Pmb§. Ë¶mÀ¶m
Cn¶w³VVoda {dMma àdV©Zmbm Ama§^ Pmbm. {Z¶‘m§‘mJyZ {Z¶‘m§Mr CH$b hmoV Jobr Am{U {dkmZ ‘mZdr OrdZ
g‘¥X²Y hmoÊ¶mg AmYma^yV Pmbo.
"JaO hr emoYmMr OZZr Amho' ¶m C³Vrbm AZwgê$Z Agohr åhUVm ¶oB©b H$s, "àíZ hm {dMma {Z{‘©VrMm
OZH$ Amho.' àíZm‘wio {dMma à{H«$¶obm MmbZm {‘iyZ {dH$mg gmYbm OmUma Agob Va Amnbm {ZË¶ g§~§Y
‘wbm§er ¶oVmo. Ý¶yQ>Zà‘mUoM ‘wbm§Zmhr Ag§»¶ àíZ nS>V AgVmV. ‘wbm§Mr {Okmgy d¥ËVr hm Ë¶m§Mm ghO^md
AgVmo. na§Vw Amnë¶mbm gwX²Ym AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dmÀ¶m AZwf§JmZo {d{dYm§Jr àíZ Ë¶m§À¶mnwT>o ‘m§S>Vm Ambo nm{hOoV.
{dXçmÏ¶mªZm ñdV: bm nS>Umao àíZ Am{U AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoVmZm {dMmabobo àíZ ¶m§Mr CH$b H$aVmZm
AmH$bZ e³Vr d {M{H$ËgH$ d¥ËVr ¶m§Mm {dH$mg hmoVmo. ñd¶§AÜ¶¶Z KSy>Z ¶oÊ¶mgmR>r àíZ ‘XV H$arV AgVmV.
{dXçmWu àíZm§Mr CËVao XoV AgVmZm Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘ZmV doJdoJù¶m ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m KS>V AgVmV. hçmM ‘mZ{gH$
à{H«$¶m KS>{dÊ¶mMr àoaUm àíZm§X²dmao {‘iV AgVo d Ë¶mVyZ {dXçmÏ¶mªZm àË¶mâU {‘iV AgVo. ho àíZ
{dMmaÊ¶mMo CX²{XîQ> Amho. VgoM X¡Z§{XZ dJm©Ü¶mnZmV nyd©kmZmMr nS>VmiUr H$aÊ¶mgmR>r, Ame¶mMr g‘O
VnmgÊ¶mgmR>r, à{VgmXm‘mJrb H$m¶©H$maU^md OmUyZ KoÊ¶mgmR>r àíZm§Mr ‘XV {ejH$mbm hmoV AgVo.
{dXçmÏ¶mªZm AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoVmZm àíZm§X²dmao AmH$bZj‘Vm dmT>{dUo, Ame¶mMo {díbofU H$aVm ¶oUo,
Ë¶mdê$Z ñdV:Mo ‘V V¶ma H$aUo d àmßV kmZmMm OrdZ ì¶dhmamV Cn¶mJ H$aUo B. ~m~r KS>Uo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
VgoM nmR>çm§emÀ¶m Mm¡H$Q>rÀ¶m ~mhoa OmD$Z {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr, {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr Am{U ñdV:Mo ‘V
àX{e©V H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Am{U H$ënH$Vm {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o {Z‘m©U ìhmdr, Ago àíZ ‘yë¶‘mnZmV AgmdoV Aer
Anojm amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>çmV ì¶³V Ho$br Amho.
AmH$m[aH$ ‘yë¶‘mnZmVrb Vm|S>r H$m‘, àmË¶{jH$, à¶moJ, ñdmÜ¶m¶, dJ©H$m¶©, N>mQo >çm H$mbmdYrMr (nwñVH$mgh/
nwñVH$m{dZm) MmMUr VgoM g§H${bV ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr MmMUr B. gmYZ V§ÌmX²dmao ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVmZm {ejH$mbm
àíZ{Z{‘©VrMo H$m¡eë¶ AdJV AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. VgoM {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m A[^ì¶³Vrg dmd {‘imdm, ñdV§Ì
{dMma H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m gd¶rg MmbZm {‘imdr, nmR>m§Va d ñ‘aU ¶m§À¶mda AZmdí¶H$ â XoÊ¶mÀ`m d¥ËVrg Amim
~gmdm BË¶mXtgmR>r ‘w³V à{VgmXmMo d {dMmam§Zm MmbZm XoUmao (gO©Zerb d {M{H$ËgH$) àíZ {dMmamdoV Aer
gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZmV Anojm ì¶³V Ho$br Amho. Ë¶m‘wio ¶m àíZàH$mam§{df¶r ‘m{hVr AgUo Amdí¶H$
Amho.
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1) ‘w³VmoËVar àíZ : Á¶m àíZm§Mo à{VgmX XoVmZm ‘¶m©Xm ZgVo VgoM {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ‘w³VnUo
A{^ì¶³V hmoÊ¶mg dmd AgVmo Ago àíZ ¶m àH$mamV ¶oVmV.
CXm. 1) Ho$irnmgyZ H$moUH$moUVo nXmW© V¶ma H$aVm ¶oVrb?
2) 100 ~oarO ¶oUmè¶m H$moUË¶mhr XmoZ g§»¶m {bhm.
3) "H$' Zo gwédmV hmoUmao eãX {bhm.
2) {dMmam§Zm MmbZm XoUmao àíZ : ¶mV ‘w»¶Ëdo XmoZ àH$maMo àíZ AgVmV.
i) gO©ZerbVobm MmbZm Á¶m n«íZm§À¶m à{VgmXm‘Ü¶o ZmdrÝ¶nyU© {dMma AWdm H¥$VrMm g‘mdoe
XoUmao àíZ : AgVmo Ago àíZ ¶m àH$mamV ¶oVmV.
CXm. 1) H$mS>rnoQ>rVrb H$mS>çm§Mm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z ^m¡{‘{VH$ AmH$ma V¶ma
H$am.
2) ‘mZdmbm S>moio ZgVo Va H$m¶ Pmbo AgVo?
3) JmoîQ> nyU© H$am.
ii) {M{H$ËgH$ {dMmam§Zm Á¶m àíZm§Mo à{VgmX XoVmZm {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma H$amdm bmJVmo, H$m¶©H$maU
MmbZm XoUmao àíZ : g§~§Y emoYbm OmVmo Ago àíZ ¶m àH$mamV ¶oVmV.
CXm. 1) nmD$g nS>bm Zmhr Va Amnë¶m OrdZmda H$m¶ n[aUm‘ hmoB©b?

+ ,, À¶m OmJr H$moUVo A§H$ AgVrb?
2) +
3) Cn¶moOZmË‘H$ àíZ : Á¶m àíZmMo à{VgmX XoVmZm àmßV kmZmMm ì¶dhmamV Cn¶moJ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r
g§~§Y àñWm{nV Ho$bm OmVmo, Ë¶mg Cn¶moOZmË‘H$ àíZ åhUVmV.
CXm. 1) dm³¶mV Cn¶moJ H$am.
2) n[agamV amoJamB© ngê$ Z¶o, ¶mgmR>r H$moUVr H$miOr ¿¶mb?
3) dJ©ImobrÀ¶m ~mOy ‘moOyZ joÌ’$i H$mT>m.
* àíZ{Z{‘©Vr H$aVmZm bjmV ¿¶md¶mÀ¶m ~m~r :
1) àíZm§Mr ^mfm gmonr d gwb^ Agmdr.
2) Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrb CX²{XîQ>m§Mm d Anojm§Mm {dMma H$amdm.
3) {dXçmÏ¶mªMo d¶, AZw^d {díd, j‘Vm BË¶mXtMm {dMma H$amdm.
4) Jm^m KQ>H$, OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o, ‘yë¶o ¶m§Mr XIb KoD$Z àíZ{Z{‘©Vr H$amdr.
5) gO©ZerbVobm, A{^ì¶³Vrbm dmd XoUmao àíZ AgmdoV.
6) {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m AmH$bZmÀ¶m gd© nmVù¶m§Zm Ý¶m¶ XoÊ¶mgmR>r {d{dY H$m{R>Ê¶ nmVir AgUmao àíZ AgmdoV.
7) kmZaMZmdmXmMm {dMma H$ê$Z àíZm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr H$amdr.
Ogo : H$moUH$moUVr gmYZo dmnê$Z dV©wimMm narK ‘moOmb?
àíZ{Z{‘©Vr H$aVmZm nwT>rb AmoKV³Ë¶mMm Cn¶moJ H$amdm.

46 K
CK
àíZ{Z{‘©VrgmR>r V³Vm
Ame¶ {ZdS>Uo

T>mo~i ‘mZmZo qH$dm ‘w³VnUo àíZm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr H$aUo.

¶m àíZm§Mo àíZ àH$mamZwgma dJuH$aU H$aUo.

(dñVw{ZîR>, bKyËVar, XrKm}ËVar)

à{VgmXmÀ¶m ñdê$nmdê$Z dJuH$aU H$aUo.
(boIr, Vm|S>r, àmË¶{jH$)

àíZm§Mo CX²{XîQ>mZwgma dJuH$aU H$aUo.

(kmZ, AmH$bZ, Cn¶moOZ, H$m¡eë¶, {díbofU, g§íbofU, ‘yë¶‘mnZ)

àË¶oH$ CX²{XîQ>mgmR>rÀ¶m àíZm§Mr d¡{eîQ>çmZwgma dJuH$aU ‘m§S>Ur H$aUo.

‘yë¶o, Jm^m KQ>H$, OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o VgoM {dMmam§Zm MmbZm XoUmao.
({M{H$ËgH$/gO©Zerb d _wŠV à{VgmXmË_H$)

àË¶oH$ àíZmMr ^m{fH$ A§JmZo gwYmaUm H$aUo.

àË¶oH$ àíZmMr {ZH$fm§Zwgma nS>VmiUr H$aUo.
(dñVw{ZîR>Vm, Zo‘Ho$nUm, {Z:g§{X½YVm, {dídgZr¶Vm)

àíZg§Mmg A§{V‘ ê$nmV {b{hUo.

47 K
CK
àíZ {Z{‘©VrMo ‘hËËd, àíZm§Mo àH$ma, àíZ{Z{‘©Vr H$aVmZm bjmV ¿¶md¶mMo ‘wX²Xo AmnU nm{hboV.
Ë¶mMà‘mUo {M{H$ËgH$, gO©Zerb, {dMma H$am¶bm bmdUo, ‘w³VmoËVar àíZm§~m~Vhr AmnU ‘m{hVr KoVbr.
AmVm nwT>rb {MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$am. ¶m {MÌm§da AmYm[aV H$mhr àíZ {Xbo AmhoV, Vo Aä¶mgm. àíZ {Z{‘©Vr
g§~§YmZo Vwåhr ¶m Vm{gHo$V {‘i{dboë¶m ‘m{hVrMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z ¶m àíZm§V â Q>mH$Vm ¶oVo H$m Vo nhm.
‘mJ©X{e©Ho$V {Xboë¶m V³Ë¶mZwgma àíZm§Mo dJuH$aU H$am.

48 K
CK
àíZ H«$. àíZ CX²{XîQ àíZ àH$ma d¡{eîQ>ço

1) {MÌmVrb AnKmV H$moUË¶m doir KS>bm Agmdm? kmZ dñVw{ZîR> -
2) AnKmV H$moUH$moUË¶m dmhZm§‘Ü¶o Pmbm? kmZ dñVw{ZîR> -
3) AnKmVmV H$moU OI‘r Pmbo? kmZ dñVw{ZîR> -
4) AnKmV H$m Pmbm Agmdm? AmH$bZ bKyËVar {M{H$ËgH$
5) Vwåhr nm{hboë¶m AnKmVmMo dU©Z H$am. Cn¶moOZ XrKm}ËVar ‘w³VmoËVar
6) AnKmV hmoD$ Z¶o ¶mgmR>r H$moUVr H$miOr ¿¶mdr Cn¶moOZ bKyËVar ‘w³VmoËVar
Ago Vwåhm§g dmQ>Vo? g§dXo ZerbVm
7) {dXçmÏ¶mªZm emioV OmÊ¶mg Cera H$m Pmbm? AmH$bZ bKyËVar {M{H$ËgH$
8) {dXçmÏ¶mªZm emioV OmÊ¶mg Cera Pmbm ho AmH$bZ bKyËVar {M{H$ËgH$
H$emdê$Z g‘OVo?
9) ~mBªZr C{eam Amboë¶m ‘wbm§Zm H$m¶ {dMmabo AmH$bZ bKyËVar ‘w³VmoËVar
Agob? d³VeranUm
10) ‘wbm§Zr C[eam ¶oÊ¶mMo H$moUVo H$maU gm§{JVbo Agob? AmH$bZ bKyËVar ‘w³VmoËVar
11) emioV Cera Pmë¶mda Vwåhr H$moUVr H$maUo gm§JVm? kmZ bKyËVar ‘w³VmoËVar
12) {MÌm§Mm ¶mo½¶ H«$‘ bmdm. g§íbofU dñVw{ZîQ> {M{H$ËgH$
13) {MÌm§Mm H«$‘ H$gm bmdbm Vo gm§Jm. AmH$bZ bKyËVar {M{H$ËgH$
14) gd© {MÌm§V H$m¶ gmaIo Amho? {díbofU dñVw{ZîR> {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma
15) dJm©Vrb gd© {dXçmWu XmoZ {dXçmÏ¶mªMo A{^Z§XZ AmH$bZ bKyËVar {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma
H$m H$arV AgVrb?
16) Vw‘Mo gdmªZr A{^Z§XZ Ho$bo Aem àg§JmMo Cn`moOZ bKyËVar ‘w³VmoËVar
dU©Z H$am. ñd Mr OmUrd
17) dJm©V ~mB© H$moUVm {df¶ {eH${dV AgVrb? AmH$bZ dñVw{ZîR> {M{H$ËgH$
18) {MÌm§dê$Z JmoîQ> V¶ma H$am. g§íbofU XrKm}ËVar gO©Zerb
19) {MÌmVrb AnKmV àg§Jr Vwåhr AgVm Va _yë`_mnZ bKyËVar gO©Zerb,
H$m¶ Ho$bo AgVo? ‘w³VmoËVar,
g‘mZmZw^Vy r
20) àË¶oH$ {MÌmV {H$Vr ì¶³Vr AmhoV? kmZ dñVw{ZîR> -
21) àË¶oH$ {MÌmMo dU©Z H$am. Cn`moOZ XrKm}ËVar ‘w³VmoËVar
49 K
CK
àíZ H«$. àíZ CX²{XîQ àíZ àH$ma d¡{eîQ>ço

22) H$moUVrhr XmoZ {MÌo KoD$Z Ë¶m§Vrb {díbofU bKyËVar {M{H$ËgH$
gmå¶-ôX {bhm.
23) {MÌm§Vrb àg§Jmda AmYm[aV Kmofdm³¶o Cn`moOZ - gO©Zerb
V¶ma H$am.
24) {MÌmVrb S>m°³Q>a d {dXçmWu ¶m§À¶mVrb AmH$bZ XrKm}ËVar gm¡OÝ¶erbVm
g§dmX {bhm.
25) H$Wobm `mo½` erf©H$ gwMdm. AmH$bZ - gO©Zerb,
‘w³VmoËVar
26) emioV OmUmè¶m ‘wbm§Zr AnKmV Pmboë¶m ‘wbmbm AmH$bZ dñVw{ZîR> {M{H$ËgH$
XdmImÝ¶mV Zobo, ¶mdê$Z Ë¶m§Mm H$moUVm JwUY‘© g§dXo Zerb
{XgyZ ¶oVmo?
27) gwa{jVnUo dmhZo Mmb{dÊ¶mgmR>r gyMZm Cn`moOZ dñVw{ZîR> ‘w³VmoËVar
’$bH$ V¶ma H$am.
CX²{XîQ>m§Zwgma àíZm§Mo dJuH$aU
V³Vm H«$. 1
CX²{XîQ>o kmZ AmH$bZ Cn¶moOZ H$m¡eë¶ {díbofU g§íbofU ‘yë¶‘mnZ
4,7,8,9,10,13, 5,6,16,21, 14,22 12,18 19
àíZ H«$‘m§H$ 1,2,3,11,20 15,17,24,25,26 23,27
àíZm§Mr g§»¶m 5 11 6 2 2 1
àíZ àH$mamZwgma àíZm§Mo dJuH$aU

V³Vm H«$. 2
àíZ àH$ma dñVw{ZîR> bKyËVar XrKm}ËVar
1,2,3,12,17,20, 4,6,7,8,9,10,11, 5,18,21,24
àíZ H«$‘m§H$ 13,15,16,19,22
26, 27
àíZm§Mr g§»¶m 8 12 4

50 K
CK
d¡{eîQ>çm§Zwgma àíZm§Mo dJuH$aU

V³Vm H«$. 3
d¡{eîQ>ço OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o Jm^m KQ>H$ ‘yë¶o ñVa
àíZ àH$ma 16,19 6,9,24,26 1,2,3
àíZ g§»¶m 2 4 3
V³Vm H«$. 4
d¡{eîQ>ço ‘w³V à{VgmXmË‘H$ gO©ZerbVobm MmbZm {M{H$ËgH$ {dMmam§Zm
XoUmao MmbZm XoUmao
5,6,9,10,11, 4,7,8,12,13,14,
àíZ H«$‘m§H$ 18,19,23,25 15,17,22,26
16,19,21,27
àíZ g§»¶m 9 4 10
¶m Mma V³Ë¶m§‘Yrb ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao nwT>rb V³Vm nyU© H$am.
g§H$bZ V³Vm
A.H«$. CX²{XîQ> àíZ àíZ àH$ma d¡{eîQ>ço
1
2
3
4
5
..
(d¡{eîQ>ço ¶m aH$mÝ¶mV V³Vm H«$. 3 d 4 ‘Yrb Or d¡{eîQ>ço bmJy nS>Vrb Vr {bhmdrV.)

{‘Ìm§Zmo, AmnUm§g bjmV AmboM Agob àíZ {Z{‘©Vr H$aVmZm AmnU H$moUË¶m àH$maMo àíZ H$mTy> eH$bmo
Am{U ¶mV d¡{dÜ¶ AmUÊ¶mgmR>r AmnUm§g H$m¶ H$amdo bmJob hohr Amnë`m bjmV Ambo Agob.

51 K
CK
àH$aU 5 : nwñVH$mgh MmMUr

‘wbm§da ¶oUmam narjoMm VmU H$‘r ìhmdm, KmoH§$nQ²>Q>rnmgyZ {ejUmMr ‘w³VVm ìhmdr ¶mgmR>r AmH$m[aH$
‘yë¶‘mnZmV AmnU nwñVH$mgh MmMUrMm g‘mdoe Ho$bobm Amho. ¶m ñdê$nmÀ¶m MmMÊ¶m§‘wio ‘yë¶‘mnZm~amo~aM
‘wbm§Mo {eH$Uo g‘¥XY² hmoV OmVo. ‘OHy$a dmMyZ Vmo ñdV… H$gm g‘OyZ ¿¶mdm ¶mMr {Xem {‘iVo åhUOoM "{eH$md§
H$g§' ho V§Ì AdJV hmoVo. ‘wbo ñdmdb§~r hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio nmhÿZ {b{hUo qH$dm H$m°nr H$aÊ¶mMr gmo¶
Agbobr hr narjm Zìho ho AmnmoAmnM ñnîQ> hmoVo. H$maU ¶m MmMUrVrb àíZm§Mo ñdê$n (H$m{R>Ê¶ nmVir) ho
nyduÀ¶m MmMÊ¶m§nojm doJio Amho.
{eH$V AgVmZm ‘wbo {d{dY àH$maMm ‘OHy$a hmVmiV AgVmV, Aä¶mgV AgVmV, ¶m ‘OHw$amMm AW©
bmdV AgVmV. ¶mV {d{dY AmH¥$Ë¶m,V³Vo, {MÌo ¶m§À¶m ‘XVrZo ‘yb AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d KoV AgVo. ¶mVyZ {eH$Uo
hmoV AgVo. ¶m {eH$Ê¶mVyZ Á¶m ~m~tMo AmH$bZ hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho Vo Pmbo H$s Zmhr ho nS>VmiUo, ‘OHw$amMm
AW©(AÝd¶) ¶mo½¶ nX²YVrZo bmdbm H$m, àmßV ‘m{hVrMm dmna doJù¶m n[apñWVrV (Cn¶moOZ) H$aÊ¶mMr
j‘Vm {dH${gV Pmbr H$m, {eH$VmZm {d{dY g§X^© hmVmiVmo H$m, boIZ H$m¡eë¶ {dH${gV Pmbo H$m ho nS>VmiUo
Amdí¶H$ Amho. VgoM d¥ËVr,A{^éMr ¶m§gma»¶m ~m~tMr XIb KoVm ¶mdr, g‘ñ¶m {ZamH$aUmMr {Xem
{‘imdr, {ZU©¶ KoÊ¶mMr gd¶ ìhmdr ¶mgmR>r {Xboë¶m g§X^m©Mm dmna H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm d g‘OoMr nS>VmiUr
H$aÊ¶mgmR>r nwñVH$mgh MmMUr Amdí¶H$ Amho. ¶mVyZ A{V[a³V nyaH$ ‘mJ©Xe©ZmMr {Xem {‘iVo. àË¶mâU
H$aVm ¶oVo. ¶mdê$Z nwñVH$mgh MmMUr JaOoMr Amho ho bjmV ¶oVo.
nwñVH$mgh MmMUrgmR>r ‘OHw$amMo ñdê$n
{ZdS>H$ CVmao
V³Vo,AmboI
ZH$meo
{MÌo-AmH¥$Ë¶m
gwM{dboë¶m g§X^m©Mm dmna
nwñVH$mgh MmMUrgmR>rÀ¶m àíZm§Mo ñdê$n
{Xbobm ‘OHy$a {H$Vr g‘Obm ho nS>VmiUmao (AmH$bZ nS>VmiUmao) AgmdoV.
VwbZmË‘H$ {dMma H$amd¶mg bmdUmao AgmdoV.
‘OHw$amVrb Ame¶mMm ñdV…er g§~§Y OmoS>Umao AgmdoV.
‘OHw$amVrb Ame¶mMm X¡Z§{XZ ì¶dhmamer g‘Ýd¶ gmYUmao AgmdoV.
{M{H$Ëgm, {díbofU H$amd¶mg bmdUmao (g‘rjmË‘H$ {dMma) AgmdoV.
{dMma à{H«$¶m nS>VmiUmao ({ZU©¶ j‘Vm, Ñ{îQ>H$moZ, d¥ËVrMm nS>Vmim KoUmao) AgmdoV.
52 K
CK
nwñVH$mgh MmMUrÀ¶m ‘yë¶‘mnZmMo ñdê$n

nwñVH$mgh MmMUr KoV AgVmZm ‘wbmMm d¶moJQ>, AZw^d (H$jm-ñVa) {dMmamV KoD$Z B¶ËVmZwê$n ¶m
MmMUrgmR>r hmVmimd¶mÀ¶m ‘OHw$amV d àíZm§À¶m ñdê$nmV ~Xb H$amdm bmJUma Amho. ¶m ‘yë¶‘mnZmVyZ
{‘iUmam à{VgmX hm EH$mM ñdê$nmMm AgUma Zmhr, åhUOoM ‘w³V AgUma Amho. ¶mV àm‘w»¶mZo ‘wbo H$gm
{dMma H$aVmV ho ‘mhrV hmoUma Amho. AW© (AÝd¶) ¶mo½¶ bmdVmo H$m? CËVao {b{hÊ¶mMo d àíZ gmoS>{dÊ¶mMo
H$m¡eë¶ Ano{jV Amho. JwUXmZ H$aVmZm Ame¶mÀ¶m g§~§YmVrb g‘O, AÝd¶mW© bmdÊ¶mMr nX²YVr, {dMma
H$aÊ¶mMr nX²YVr d ‘m§S>Ê¶mMr e¡br ¶m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z JwUXmZ H$amdo.
MmMUr (nwñVH$mgh)
B`ËVm - n{hbr
{df` : J{UV KQ>H$ : g§»`mkmZ JwU : 10
* g§»`m dmMm. CËVao {bhm.
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
B H$moUVrhr EH$ g§»`m {bhm.
B {b{hboë`m g§»ònojm 1 Zo _moR>r g§»`m {bhm.
B 5 XeH$ d 6 EH$H$ Agbobr g§»`m {bhm.
B 8 EH$H$ d 5 XeH$ Agbobr g§»`m {bhm.
B 54 À`m AmYrMr g§»`m {bhm.
B 58 À`m nwT>Mr g§»`m {bhm.
B 53 nojm 2 Zo _moR>r g§»`m {bhm.
B 6 d 4 `m A§H$m§nmgyZ XmoZ g§»`m V`ma H$am.
B 57 `m g§»òMo Zmd nyU© H$am. ---------- dÝZ

53 K
CK
Open Book Test

Class : 4th
Subject : English Unit : Garden Of words Marks : 10
Read the words and give answers.
B Write the biggest word. A Garden of words
about duck him out thanked

B Write the smallest word.
all elephant his picked them
B Write the word with given letters.
o, d, a, r beat falling home piece threw
big farmer hopping place told

B Write the names of animals.
by fox inside running took
B Write the word begin with 'm'.
called friends jumped saying trunk
B Write the word that end with 'e'. caught head leaf shout went
B Write the rhyming words. chicken heard met sky without
cock help my started word

B Write the small word that hidden
in biggest word.
dear hen noise stick worry
B Make a meaningful sentence with

the help of words.

54 K
CK
dJ© - ghmdr
{df` : {dkmZ KQ>H$ : H$m`© Am{U D$Om© JwU : 10
* nwT>rb {MÌmMo {ZarjU H$am. àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.

B D$O}À`m àH$mam§Mo dJuH$aU H$moUË`m XmoZ JQ>m§V H$amb?
B dmè`mnmgyZ D$Om© V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$emMm dmna H$aVmV?
B Vw_À`m KamV Vwåhr H$moUVr D$Om© dmnaVm?
B D$O}Mm AZmdí`H$ dmna H$gm Q>mimdm?
B H$maImÝ`mgmR>r H$moUË`m àH$maMr D$Om© dmnaVmV?
B àmÊ`m§Zm D$Om© H$emnmgyZ {_iVo?
B D$Om© dmhÿZ ZoVm Ambr ZgVr Va H$m` Pmbo AgVo?
B D$O}À`m àH$mam§Mr Zmdo {bhm.
B gy`m©g D$O}Mm à_wI òmoV H$m åhUVmV?
B Vmn_mZmV AMmZH$ dmT> Pmë`mg H$m` hmoB©b?

55 K
CK
H$jm gmVdr
{df` : qhXr H${dVm : H$X_ H$X_ ~‹T>mE Om A§H$ : 10
* H$X_ H$X_ ~T>mE Om `h H${dVm nT>H$a CËVa {bImo&
B Zgr~ Bg eãX Ho$ {bE H${dVm _| {H$g eãX H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m h¡?
B g\$bVm àmßVr Ho$ {bE Š`m H$aZm Amdí`H$ h¡?
H$X_ H$X_ ~T>mE Om

- ZraO Aamo‹S>m
H$X_-H$X_ ~‹T>mE Om, g\$bVm Vy nmE Om,
B H$X_ ~T>mZm Bg _whmdao H$m dmŠ` _| à`moJ H$amo& ò ^m½` h¡ Vwåhmam, Vy H$_© go ~ZmE Om&
{ZJmh| aImo bú` na, H${R>Z Zht ò g\$a,
ò OÝ_ h¡ Vwåhmam, Vy gmW©H$ ~ZmE Om&
{Zame O~ Vy hmo AJa, A±Yoam ^r hmo {dH$Q>
Cå_rX H$s {H$aU boH$a, gy`© {\$a go AmEJm&
B AmnHo$ OrdZ H$m Š`m bj h¡?
B Amn AnZr H$m¡Zgr {deofVmAm| H$m

g_mO Ho$ {bE Cn`moJ H$amoJo?

56 K
CK
MmMUr (nwñVH$mgh)
B¶ËVm : 3ar {df¶ - ‘mUgmMr JmoîQ>
- ‘OHy$a dmMm d àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.

‘mUgmMr JmoîQ> hOmamo dfmªnydu gwê$ Pmbr. Ë¶m H$mimVrb ‘mUgmMr amhUr Amnë¶m amhUrnojm AJXr
doJir hmoVr. gd©Ì KZXmQ> O§Jb hmoV.o ‘mUyg O§JbmV amhV Ago. O§Jbr àmÊ¶m§nmgyZ ñdV:Mm ~Mmd H$aÊ¶mgmR>r
Ë¶mÀ¶mOdi H$mhr gmYZ ZìhVo. niyZ OmD$Z Var ñdV:Mm ~Mmd H$gm H$aUma? ‘mUgmnojm doJmZo niUmao àmUr
Ë¶mbm ghO JmRy> eH$V. PmS>m§da C§M MTy>Z ~gUo hm EH$ ‘mJ© hmoVm, nU amÌ§{Xdg PmS>mda ~gyZ H$go ^mJUma?
OJÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶mbm AÝZ Va hdoM Zm! eoVr H$er H$am¶Mr ho XoIrb Ë¶mbm Ë¶m H$mir ‘mhrV ZìhVo. Ë¶m‘wio
AÝZmÀ¶m emoYmV Ë¶mbm ^Q>H$mdo bmJo. AÝZ Jmoim H$aUo hr Ë¶mMr ‘hËËdmMr JaO hmoVr.
‘mUyg ’$io Am{U H§$X‘wio ImV Ago. OZmdam§Mo H$ÀMo ‘m§ghr ImV Ago. ZwgË¶m hmVm§Zr ¶m JmoîQ>r {‘i{dUo
AdKS> hmoVo. Ë¶mgmR>r Ë¶mbm H$mhr hË¶mam§Mr JaO ^mgbr. ¶m JaOoVyZM Ë¶mMo bj XJS>, bmHy$S>, hmS>o
¶m§gma»¶m JmoîQ>tH$S>o Jobo. Ë¶m§Mm dmna H$aÊ¶mg Ë¶mZo gwédmV Ho$br. gmnio V¶ma H$ê$Z Ë¶m‘Ü¶o Vmo àmUr
nH$S>V Ago. VgoM XJS> ‘mê$Z Vmo àmÊ¶m§Mr {eH$ma H$ê$ bmJbm. Voìhm Ë¶mÀ¶m bjmV Ambo H$s, OS> XJS> bm§~da
’o$H$Vm ¶oV ZmhrV. Jmob JmoQ>o qH$dm Amo~S>Ymo~S> XJS>m§Zr {eH$ma H$aUo AdKS> OmVo, ho Ü¶mZmV Amë¶mda Ë¶mZo
XJS>mbm JaOoà‘mUo AmH$ma Xçm¶bm gwédmV Ho$br. AmH$ma {Xë¶mda Vmo XJS> Ho$di XJS> Cabm Zmhr, Va XJS>mMo
hË¶ma ~Zbo.
‘mUyg O§JbmV H$m amhV Ago?
‘mUgmÀ¶m à‘wI JaOm H$moUË¶m hmoË¶m?
‘mUgmbm ñdV:Mo ajU H$emnmgyZ H$amdo bmJo?
‘mUgmbm {eOdbobo AÝZ H$m {‘imbo Zmhr?
Vwåhr nyduÀ¶m ‘mUgmgmo~V AgVm Va Vwåhm§bm H$m¶-H$m¶ Imdo bmJbo AgVo?
Vwåhr XJS>mMo hË¶ma H$go V¶ma H$amb?
AmOMm ‘mZd H$moUH$moUË¶m hË¶mam§Mm Cn¶moJ H$aVmo?
XJS> ZgVm Va Ë¶mdoir H$emMr hË¶mao V¶ma Ho$br AgVr?

57 K
CK
MmMUr (nwñVH$mgh)
B¶ËVm : 8dr {df¶ - ^yJmob KQ>H$ : Am°ñQ´>o{b¶m I§S>
- ZH$mem nmhÿZ Ë¶mImbr {Xboë¶m àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.
¶m ZH$memV H$emMr ‘m{hVr {Xbr Amho?

ZH$memVrb H$mim a§J H$m¶ Xe©{dVmo?
Am°ñQ´>o{b¶mVrb à‘wI ZXçm§Mr Zmdo {bhm.
{V‘moa g‘wÐmV H$moUVr gmYZg§nËVr AmT>iVo?
Am°ñQ´>o{b¶mV H$moUË¶m àH$maMo I{ZO A{YH$ à‘mUmV AmT>iVo?
ZH$memVrb X{jU gr‘oda ‘moR>çmV ‘moR>o diU H$moUVo?
Am°ñQ´>o{b¶mV AmT>iUmè¶m I{ZOmda AmYm[aV H$moUH$moUVo CXçmoJY§Xo AmhoV?
Am°ñQ´>o{b¶mV B§YZ åhUyZ H$moUH$moUË¶m Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZg§nËVrMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo?
Q>§JñQ>Z ho I{ZO H$moR>o AmT>iVo?
I{ZO Vob d Z¡g{J©H$ dm¶yMo gmR>o H$moR>o AmT>iVmV?
58 K
CK
àH$aU 6 : _yë`_mnZmMr BVa gmYZo

ñd¶§‘yë¶‘mnZ
{eH$V AgVmZm AÜ¶¶ZmMm nS>Vmim KoÊ¶mMr ‘wbmg gd¶ bmJbr nm{hOo. ¶mVyZ {dXçmÏ¶m©g ñdV:Mo
‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVm ¶oVo AÜ¶¶ZmVrb AS>Wio ñdV:g emoYVm ¶oVmV. Ë¶mda ‘mV H$er H$amdr ¶mMm {dMma hmoVmo.
ñdV:Mr g‘ñ¶m ñdV: gmoS>{dë¶mMo g‘mYmZ {‘iVo. ¶mgmR>r ñd¶§‘ëy ¶‘mnZ ho Amdí¶H$ Amho. ñdà¶ËZmVyZ ho KS>V
Agë¶mZo AÜ¶¶Z g‘¥XY² d pñWa (Enrich and sustain) hmoV.o ¶mVyZ H$go {eH$mdo ¶mMo V§Ì ‘yby AdJV H$aVo.
ñd¶§‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {dXçmÏ¶mªZm nwT>rbà‘mUo g§Yr XoVm ¶oB©b.
nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb CËVa gwMrÀ¶m ‘XVrZo CËVamMm nS>Vmim KoUo.
ñdV:Mo CËVa nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb g§X^© KoD$Z VnmgUo.
J{UVmVrb CËVamMm nS>Vmim KoUo.
‘wX²Xçm§À¶m g§~§YmZo g§nmXZ{df¶H$ ‘V Zm|XdUo.
dV©Z{df¶H$ ‘Vmdbr g§~§YmVrb ‘VmdbrVyZ AmdS>, H$b, N>§X BË¶mXr Zm|XdUo.
¶mVyZ ‘wbmg ñdV:Mr e³Vr ñWmZo, C{Udm bjmV ¶oVmV. ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aUmè¶mg Ë¶mÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oMr
‘m{hVr hmoV.o Ë¶mÀ¶m AÜ¶¶ZmVrb JaOm bjmV ¶oVmV. ¶m V§ÌmÀ¶m ‘XVrZo ñdMr OmUrd hmoUma Amho åhUOoM ho
V§Ì OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aÊ¶mg ‘XV H$aUmao Amho.
(nmR>çH«$_mVrb g§»`mkmZmMr B`ËVm{Zhm` ì`mßVr {dXçmÏ`mªZm bjmV AmUyZ Xçmdr d Ë¶mg§~§YmZo ‘V
Zm|X{dÊ¶mg gm§Jmdo.)
‘Vmdbr

{df¶ : J{UV
A.H«$. ‘wX²Xm ‘V
1 g§»¶mMo dmMZ
2. g§»¶m§Mo boIZ
3. ~oarO
4. dOm~mH$s
gm‘m{OH$ dV©Z
A.H«$. ‘wX²Xm ‘V
1 BVam§Zm ‘XV H$aVmo
2. n¶m©daUmMr H$miOr KoVmo.
3. gmd©O{ZH$ ‘mb‘ËVoMr H$miOr KoVmo.
4. ~mobVmZm {eîQ>mMmamMr ^mfm dmnaVmo.
5. BVam§er n[aUm‘H$maH$ g§dmX gmYVmo.
59 K
CK
nS>Vmim gyMr :
nS>Vmim gyMr ho ‘yë¶‘mnZmMo JwUmË‘H$ gmYZ Amho. {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m A§Jr AgUmè¶m {d{eîQ> JwUm§Mm,
j‘Vm§Mm, H$m¡eë¶m§Mm AWdm d¥ËVrMm {H$VnV {dH$mg Pmbm Amho ho nS>VmiyZ nmhÊ¶mgmR>r nS>Vmim gyMrMm
Cn¶moJ hmoVmo. nS>Vmim gyMr‘Ü¶o eãX, dm³¶m§e AWdm {dYmZo EH$mImbr EH$ {Xbobr AgVmV. {ejH$mZo dm
{ZarjH$mZo Ë¶mg§~§YrMm nS>Vmim KoD$Z "hmo¶' qH$dm "Zmhr' ¶m ñdê$nmV à{VgmX Zm|Xdm¶Mm AgVmo. nS>Vmim
gyMrX²dmao {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ñd¶§‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVm ¶oVo VgoM {ejH$m§Zm XoIrb {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m g‘ñ¶m, AS>MUr,
AmdS>, N>§X, AdJV H$m¡eë¶o B. {df¶H$ ‘m{hVr KoVm ¶oVo. ¶mMm Cn¶moJ dU©ZmË‘H$ Zm|XrgmR>r VgoM A{V[a³V
nyaH$ ‘mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r hmoVmo.
Z‘wZm CXmhaU - "d³V¥Ëd JwU'
Imbr "d³V¥Ëd JwU' {df¶H$ {dYmZo {Xbr AmhoV. Ë¶m§Mr ImÌr H$ê$Z {dYmZm§er gh‘V Agmb Va "hmo¶'
¶m aH$mÝ¶mV d Agh‘V Agmb Va "Zmhr' ¶m aH$mÝ¶mV () Aer IyU H$am.
{dXçmÏ¶m©Mo Zmd : B¶ËVm :
A. H«$. {dYmZo hmo¶ Zmhr

1. {df¶mMr ânya V¶mar H$aVmo.
2. AmH$f©H$ gwédmV H$aVmo.
3. Mm§Jë¶m ^mfoMm Cn¶moJ H$aVmo.
4. {dMma ‘wX²XogyXnUo ‘m§S>Vmo.
5. hmd^md, hmVdmao ¶mo½¶ àH$mao H$aVmo.
6. AmË‘{dídmgmZo ~mobVmo.
7. n[aUm‘H$maH$ eodQ> H$aVmo.

60 K
CK
nX{ZíM¶Z loUr
{dXçmÏ¶mªZr àmßV Ho$boë¶m j‘Vm H$m¡eë¶o,VgoM Ë¶m§Mr AmdS>, H$b, N>X§ d AÜ¶¶Z {df¶H$ ~m~tMo AMyH$
d gwñnîQ> ‘mnZ H$aUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo. à{VgmXmÀ¶m "Amho' d "Zmhr' ¶m XmoZ Q>moH$m§‘Ü¶o dV©ZmMo AZoH$ Q>ßno
(N>Q>m) AgVmV. Ago ‘Ybo Q>ßno Xe©{dÊ¶mgmR>r nX{ZpíM¶Z loUrMm Cn¶moJ H$aVmV.
nX{ZpíM¶Z loUrX²dmao {dXçmÏ¶m©bm ñd¶§‘ëy ¶‘mnZ H$aVm ¶oV.o VgoM {ejH$mbm dU©ZmË‘H$ Zm|Xr H$aÊ¶mgmR>r
VgoM A{V[a³V nyaH$ ‘mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r ¶mMm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo.
Z‘wZm CXmhaU
Imbrb {dYmZo dmMm, Vwåhm§bm bmJy nS>V Agboë¶m n¶m©¶mnwT>o "' Aer IyU H$am.
g§»¶m dmMVm ¶oVmV.
1) gd© g§»¶m
2) H$mhr g§»¶m
3) A{O~mV Zmhr.
g§»¶m§Mo boIZ H$aVm ¶oVo.
1) lwVboIZ ¶oVo.
2) ’$³V AZwboIZ ¶oVo.
3) {b{hVm ¶oV ZmhrV.
bhmZ-‘moR>çm g§»¶m AmoiIVm ¶oVmV.
1) ghOnUo, AMyH$nUo
2) AmoiIÊ¶m‘Ü¶o Jm|Yi / AS>MU
3) AmoiIVm ¶oV ZmhrV.
àVrH$mdê$Z g§»¶m V¶ma H$aVm ¶oVmV.
1) AMyH$nUo
2) AS>MU ¶oVo.
3) A{O~mV Zmhr.
~oarO H$aVm ¶oVo.
1) AMyH$ JVrZo
2) AS>MU ¶oVo.
3) A{O~mV Zmhr.
dOm~mH$s H$aVm ¶oVo.
1) AMyH$ JVrZo
2) AS>MU ¶oVo.
3) A{O~mV Zmhr.
BVam§Zm AÜ¶nZmV ‘XV H$aVm ¶oVo.
1) Zoh‘r
2) H$YrVar
3) H$YrM Zmhr.
61 K
CK
ghmÜ¶m¶r d VwbZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶‘mnZ

{dXçmÏ¶mªMr AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶m hr g‘yhmV, ghH$m¶m©Zo Am{U ghOVoZo KS>V AgVo. dJm©V {dXçmWu gma»¶m
d¶moJQ>mVrb Agë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§À¶mV ‘¡ÌrnyU© ZmVo V¶ma hmoVo. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm AÜ¶¶Z H$aVmZm EH$‘oH$m§Zm ‘XV
H$am¶bm AmdS>Vo. {dXçmWu XaamoO Amnë¶m ghmÜ¶m¶m§Zm OdiyZ nmhV AgVmV. Vo EH$‘oH$m§À¶m AmdS>r {ZdS>r,
{eH$Ê¶mÀ¶m gd¶r Am{U AS>MUtMo {ZarjU H$arV AgVmV. ¶m ~m~tMm ‘yë¶‘mnZmgmR>r Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oVmo.
{dXçmÏ¶m©Zo ghmÜ¶m¶rMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aUo åhUOo Ë¶mMo ñdV:Mo {eH$Uo A{YH$ g‘¥X²Y H$aUo hmo¶.
ghmÜ¶m¶r ‘yë¶‘mnZmV dJ©H$m¶m©À¶m doir EH$‘oH$m§Mr CXmhaUo VnmgUo, EH$‘oH$m§Zm àíZ {dMmaUo, MMm©
H$aUo Aem H¥$Vr KoVm ¶oVmV. ¶m~amo~aM {dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oMo Am{U ì¶p³V‘ËËd {dH$mgmMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ
ghmÜ¶m¶tH$Sy>Z H$aVm ¶oVo.
¶m gmo~VM ‘wbmÀ¶m {eH$Ê¶mg§~Y§ r nmbH$mMo ‘V d {ejH$mMo ‘V {dMmamV KoVë¶mg ghmÜ¶m¶r ‘yë¶‘mnZm~amo~a
VwbZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVm ¶oVo.
Imbrb gyMr‘Ü¶o H$mhr {dYmZo {Xbr AmhoV. ¶m {dYmZmer Vwåhr gh‘V Agmb Va ~amo~a () Aer d
Agh‘V AgmVa Va MyH$ () Aer IyU H$am
{dXçmÏ¶m©Mo Zmd :
{df¶ : ^mfm (‘amR>r) B¶ËVm : {Vgar
A.H«$. {dYmZo {ZarjU H$amd¶mMo ‘wX²Xo ghmÜ¶m¶r nmbH$ {ejH$
1) eãX nQ²>Q>çmdarb eãXm§Mo EH$m ÑîQ>rjoVmnmV
dmMZ H$aVmo.
2) ‘OHw$amMo ¶mo½¶ JVrZo dmMZ H$aVmo.
3) dmMboë¶m dm³¶mVrb eãXm§Mo AW© gm§JVmo.
dmMboë¶m n[aÀN>oXmdarb gmoß¶m àíZm§Mr
4)
CËVao XoVmo.
5) N>moQ>çm JmoîQ>r dmMyZ XmI{dVmo.
6) AmoR>m§Mr hmbMmb Z H$aVm dmMVmo.
7) n[a{MV dm³¶ nmhÿZ AZwboIZ H$aVmo.
8) eãXm§Zm àË¶¶, CngJ© bmdyZ ZdrZ eãX
V¶ma H$aVmo.
9) EH$Xm EoHy$Z dm³¶ AMyH$nUo {b{hVmo.

62 K
CK
A.H«$. {dYmZo {ZarjU H$amd¶mMo ‘wX²Xo ghmÜ¶m¶r nmbH$ {ejH$

10) OmoS> eãXm§Mr BVa CXmhaUo XoVmo.
11) {Xboë¶m eãXmbm g‘mZmWu eãX {b{hVmo.
12) {Xboë¶m {df¶ g§~§YmZo A{YH$m{YH$ eãX
{b{hVmo.
13) ñdV§ÌnUo boIZ H$aVmo.
Q>rn : ghmÜ¶m¶r ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVmZm "A' ¶m§Zo "~' Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ Ho$bo Agob Va "~' Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ "H$' Zo H$amdo.
"H$' Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ "S>' Zo H$amdo. "S>' Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ "A' Zo H$aUo Ano{jV Amho.
B¶ËVm{Zhm¶ nmR>çH«$‘ bjmV KoD$Z darb ¶mXrV â Q>mH$Vm ¶oB©b.
nwT>rb gmaUrVrb {dYmZm§er Vwåhr gh‘V Agmb Va ~amo~a () Aer d Agh‘V Agmb Va MyH$ () Aer
IyU H$am.
{df¶ - J{UV
A.H«$. {dYmZo ‘V
ghmÜ¶m¶r nmbH$ {ejH$
1 g§»¶mMo dmMZ H$aVmo.
2. g§»¶m§Mo boIZ H$aVmo.
3. ~oarO H$aVmo.
4. dOm~mH$s H$aVmo.
gm‘m{OH$ dV©Z
A.H«$. ({dYmZo) ‘V
ghmÜ¶m¶r nmbH$ {ejH$
1 BVam§Zm ‘XV H$aVmo.
2. n¶m©¶mdaUmMr H$miOr KoVmo.
3. gmd©O{ZH$ ‘mb‘ËVoMr H$miOr KoVmo.
4. ~mobVmZm {eîQ>mMr ^mfm dmnaVmo.
5. BVamer n[aUm‘H$maH$ g§dmX gmYVmo
63 K
CK
àH$aU 7 : {dXçmWu g§{MH$m (Port folio)

{dXçmÏ¶m©Mo AÜ¶¶Z åhUOo Ë¶m§Zm {Xboë¶m gw{Z¶mo{OZ AZw^dm§Mr O§Ìr AgVo. {eH$V AgVmZm Vo {d{dY
H¥$Vr H$aVmV. nmR>çm§emÀ¶m ñdê$nmdê$Z {ejH$ H¥$Vr, CnH«$‘, àmË¶{jHo$ B. Mo {Z¶moOZ H$aV AgVmV. àË¶oH$
{df¶mVrb H¥$Vr, CnH«$‘, àmË¶{jHo$, ñdmÜ¶m¶ ¶m§Mo ñdê$n doJdoJio AgVo. ¶m àË¶oH$ KQ>H$mVrb {dXçmWu
à{VgmXmMr, Ë¶m§Zr Ho$boë¶m H$m‘mMr XIb KoD$Z Ë¶m§Mm g§M¶- g§J«h H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
{dXçmÏ¶mªZr df©âmV Ho$boë¶m {ZdS>H$ {deof H¥$Vr, ZmdrÝ¶nyU© CnH«$‘, àmË¶{jHo$, ñdmÜ¶m¶ ¶m§Mm g§J«h
{dXçmWu g§{MHo$V H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. {dXçmÏ¶mªZr Ho$bobo a§JH$m‘, H$mobmO, à{VH¥$Vr, eãXg§J«h, gO©Zerb
boIZ, O‘m Ho$bobo gm{hË¶, Eo{Vhm{gH$ d ^m¡Jmo{bH$ g§X^© H$mÌUo, AmH¥$Ë¶m-AmboI aoImQ>Zo, ‘m{hVr, {MÌo,
’$moQ>mo ¶m§Mm d¡{dÜ¶mZo Ho$bobm g§M¶ ¶m gdmªMm {dXçmWu g§{MHo$V g‘mdoe H$aVm ¶oB©b.
{dXçmWu g§{MHo$X²dmao {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m {eH$Ê¶mÀ¶m gd¶r, AS>Wio, Ë¶m§Mo N>X§ , {eH$Ê¶mMm H$b, {ejUmVrb
àJVr ¶m§Mm AmídmgH$ d ‘yV© nwamdm {dXçmWu, {ejH$ d nmbH$ ¶m§g‘moa AgUo JaOoMo AgVo. Agm nwamdm
{dXçmWu g§{MHo$X²dmao {‘iob.
{dXçmWu g§{MHo$~m~V Imbrb ~m~r bjmV KoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©Mr g§{MH$m ñdV§Ì R>odUo ~§YZH$maH$ Amho.
{dXçmÏ¶mªMr g§{MH$m EH$mM e¡j{UH$ B¶ËVonwaVr ‘¶m©{XV AgVo. nwT>rb dfu ZdrZ B¶ËVoV ZdrZ g§{MH$m
V¶ma H$amdr.
g§{MHo$V {dXçmÏ¶mªZr Ho$boë¶m {deof d gO©Zerb H¥$Vr-CnH«$‘, CëboIZr¶ JmoîQ>r ¶m§Mm g‘mdoe H$amdm.
{dXçmÏ¶mªZr {ejH$m§À¶m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr g§{MH$m V¶ma H$amdr.
¶m g§{MHo$V OVZ Ho$boë¶m ~m~tdê$Z {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m AÜ¶¶Z gd¶r, gO©ZerbVm, N>X § , A{^éMr, àJVr,
AS>Wio ¶m§~m~V {deof XIb KoVm ¶oB©b. dU©ZmË‘H$ Zm|XtgmR>r ¶m§Mm dmna H$aVm ¶oB©b.
gZ 2012-2013 ¶m e¡j{UH$ dfm©nmgyZ {dXçmWu g§{MH$m R>odmdr.
g§{MHo$Mr AZwH«$‘{UH$m (CXmhaUmXmIb)

A.H«$. g§{MHo$V g‘mdoe Ho$bobr ~m~ {df¶
1. {ZdS>H$ {Z~§Y/gO©Zerb boIZ ^mfm
2. H$mobmO H$m‘o/{MÌ/ZmQ>ç/{eëno H$bm, H$m¶m©Zw^d
{dXçmWu g§{MH$m
3. dÝ¶ àmÊ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr/N>m¶m{MÌo ^yJmob

4. ‘m{hVr âbobm ZH$mem/ZdrZ aoImQ>Z B{Vhmg/^yJmob
5. gyÌ/‘m°S>ob/gm{hË¶ {Z{‘©Vr {dkmZ
6. ^m¡{‘{VH$ AmH$ma H$mTy>Z {MH$Q>dUo/gyÌo J{UV
df© AIoarg g§{MH$m§Mo àXe©Z âdmdo Vo nmbH$ d emimì¶dñWmnZ g{‘Vr gXñ¶m§Zm XmIdmdo.
df© AIoarg hr g§{MH$m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm naV H$amdr.
64 K
CK
àH$aU 8 : g§M¶r Zm|XnÌH$ (Cumulative Record)

~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrMm {ejU h³H$ A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘ - 2009 ‘Yrb H$b‘ 9, H$b‘ 29 (h)
Am{U H$b‘ 30 (2) ¶mV {ZX}e Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo àË¶oH$ emioV {dXçmÏ¶m©g§X^m©V g§M¶r Zm|X R>odUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
¶m Zm|XtgmR>r ~m¡X²{YH$, ^md{ZH$, emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, H$bm, H«$sS>m, A{^éMr ¶m§gma»¶m
~m~tMm {dMma H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. VgoM ¶m gd© ~m~r EH${ÌV d g‘J« ñdê$nmV ZOaog‘moa AgUo Amdí¶H$
Amho. åhUOoM {dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m AÜ¶¶Zmer g§~§{YV ‘yb^yV ~m~tMo g§H$bZ g§M¶r Zmo§XnÌH$mV AgUma Amho. ¶m
Zmo§XnÌH$mMr {ejH$, nmbH$, n¶©dojH$s¶ ¶§ÌUm ¶m gdmªZm ‘XV hmoUma Amho. ho Zmo§XnÌH$ nwT>rb Z‘wÝ¶mV R>odVm
¶oVrb.
{dXçmWu g§M¶r Zmo§XnÌH$mMo ñdê$n :

àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©gmR>r Agmdo.
{dXçmÏ¶m©Mo ñWbm§Va Pmë¶mg ¶m A{^boImMo hñVm§VaU H$amdo.
B.1 Vo 8 n¶ªVÀ¶m e¡j{UH$ àJ{VXe©H$ Zm|XtMm g‘mdoe Agmdm.
{dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m d¡¶{³VH$ d H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ ‘m{hVrMm g‘mdoe Agmdm.
{dXçmÏ¶m©À`m Amamo½¶{df¶H$ ‘m{hVrMo g§H$bZ Agmdo.
ghembo¶ CnH«$‘m§Vrb gh^mJ d ‘yë¶g§dY©Z ¶m§Mm g‘mdoe Agmdm.
{dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m AmdS>r, N>§X, gd¶r ¶m§Mm CëboI H$amdm.
{dXçmWu g§M¶r Zm|XnÌH$ ¶mMm AW© gd© g‘mdoeH$ d {Za§Va ‘yë¶‘mnZmda AmYm[aV Agboë¶m
~mbH$mÀ¶m àJVrMm A{^boI hmo¶.
‘hmamîQ´> emgZ amOnÌ - AgmYmaU ^mJ Mma - ~

{X. 11/10/2011
àma§{^H$ ^mJ - 1 (ì¶m»¶m)

65 K
CK
{dXçmWu ‘m{hVr
A) d¡¶{³VH$ ‘m{hVr …
{dXçmÏ¶m©Mo Zmd… -------------------------------
{dXçmÏ¶m©Mm gÜ¶mMm nËVm … ------------------------- ’$moQ>mo

{dXçmÏ¶m©Mm H$m¶‘Mm nËVm … -------------------------
OÝ‘ {XZm§H$ … / / Ajar … ---------------------

OÝ‘ [R>H$mU --------------------------------------------
qbJ … ór/nw. a³VJQ> … +ve / -ve

Y‘© … ---------- OmV … ---------- àdJ© … --------
An§JËd Amho H$m¶ ? hmo`/Zmhr Agë¶mg àH$ma -------------------

~) H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ ‘m{hVr…-
i) d{S>bm§Mo Zmd … lr. ----------------------------------
{ejU … ------------- ì¶dgm¶ … -------------
g§nH$m©gmR>r XÿaÜdZr H«$ … ---------------
Xm[aÐ¶aofoImbrb Amho H$m¶ … ------------- Agë¶mg ¶mXrVrb H«$ … --------
ii) AmB©Mo Zmd … --------------------------------------------
{ejU … ------------ ì¶dgm¶ … -----------
g§nH$m©gmR>r XÿaÜdZr H«$ … ---------------
iii) nmbH$m§Mr ‘m{hVr
Zmd … ----------------------------------------------
nËVm … ----------------------------------------------
{ejU … -------- ì¶dgm¶ … ---------- g§nH$m©gmR>r XÿaÜdZr H«$ … -------
{dXçmÏ¶m©er Agbobo ZmVo ---------
vi ) n[aM¶mÀ¶m XmoZ ì¶³VtMm nËVm d g§nH$m©gmR>r XÿaÜdZr H«$. -----------

1) -------------- XÿaÜdZr H«$‘m§H$ ------------
2) -------------- XÿaÜdZr H«$‘m§H$ ------------

66 K
CK
H$) emim§~m~VMr ‘m{hVr
B¶ËVm emioMo ‘mÜ¶‘ OZ. emim emim gmoS>ë¶mMm emar[aH$ d¡XçH$s¶ dJ©{ejH$mMo ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$mMo
d Zmd d a{O. à{dîQ> {XZm§H$ d dOZ : kg VnmgUr Zmd d Zmd d ñdmjar
VwH$S>r nËVm H«$‘m§H$ {XZm§H$ XmIbm H«$‘m§H$ C§Mr : Cm ñdmjar {XZm§H$
nyd©
àmW{‘H$
n[hbr
Xþgar
{Vgar
Mm¡Wr
nmMdr
ghmdr

gmVdr
AmR>dr
67 K
S>) e¡j{UH$ àJVr Zm|X V³Vm (gÌ {Zhm¶ {df¶m§V àmßV Ho$boë¶m loUtMr Zm|X) CK
B¶ËVm n{hbr Xþgar {Vgar Mm¡Wr nmMdr ghmdr gmVdr AmR>dr

d VwH$S>r gÌ-1 gÌ-2 gÌ-1 gÌ-2 gÌ-1 gÌ-2 gÌ-1 gÌ-2 gÌ-1 gÌ-2 gÌ-1 gÌ-2 gÌ-1 gÌ-2 gÌ-1 gÌ-2
e¡. df©
‘amR>r
qhXr
B§J«Or
J{UV
gm. {dkmZ
gm. emó
n[aga Aä¶mg
H$bm
H$m¶m©Zw^d
em. {ejU
{deof àJVr
gwYmaUm
Amdí¶H$
AmdS>/N>§X

hOa {Xdg/
H$m¶©{XZ
dJ©{ejH$mMo
Zmd d ghr
‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$mMo
Zmd d ghr
68 K
CK
B) {d{dY emgH$s¶ ¶moOZm§Mm bm^

A.H«$. ¶moOZm n{hbr Xþgar {Vgar Mm¡Wr nmMdr ghmdr gmVdr AmR>dr
1) ‘mo’$V nmR>çnwñVH$
2) ‘mo’$V JUdoe
3) {eî¶d¥ËVr
4) gm¶H$b
5) ‘mo’$V àdmg
6) boIZ gm{hË¶
7) {dH$bm§JVm CnH$aUo
d d¡XçH$s¶ ‘XV
8) gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo
XËVH$ nmbH$ ¶moOZm
9) CnpñWVr ^ËVm
10) --------
11) --------
--------
12)
13) dJ©{ejH$mMo Zmd d
ñdmjar
14) ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$mMo Zmd
d ñdmjar

69 K
CK
’$) {dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m dV©Z{df¶H$ {dH$mgmMo ‘yë¶m§H$Z

B¶ËVm
‘wXX² o
n{hbr Xþgar {Vgar Mm¡Wr nmMdr ghmdr gmVdr AmR>dr
ì¶p³VJV {dH$mg
Amnbr ‘Vo ‘wX²XogyX, WmoS>³¶mV ‘m§S>Vmo.
Amnbr ‘Vo R>m‘nUo ‘m§S>Vmo.
An¶emZo IMyZ Z OmVm H¥$Vr nyU© hmoB©n¶ªV
{MH$mQ>rZo à¶ËZ H$aVmo.
H$moUVohr H$m‘ H$aVmZm {~ZMyH$nUm, aoIrdnUm
BË¶mXr ~m~tda â XoVmo.
H$moUVohr H$m‘ EH$mJ«VoZo H$aVmo.
H$moUVohr H$m‘ doiÀ¶mdoir nyU© H$aVmo.
AmË‘{dídmgmZo H$m‘ H$aVmo.
BVam§nojm doJù¶m H$ënZm/{dMma ‘m§S>Vmo.
OoWo OoWo g§Yr {‘iob VoWo nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z H$m‘ H$aVmo.
d¡¶p³VH$ ñdÀN>VoH$S>o gmVË¶mZo bj XoVmo.
{ejH$m§À¶m AmkoMo nmbZ H$aVmo.
ñdV:À¶m AmdS>r-{ZdS>r~m~V ñnîQ>Vm Amho.
YmS>gr d¥ËVr {XgyZ ¶oVo.
ñdV:Mr MyH$ ‘moH$ionUmZo ‘mÝ¶ H$aVmo.
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
JQ>mV H$m‘ H$aVmZm gmo~Ë¶m§Mr ‘Vo OmUyZ KoVmo.
ôX^md Z H$aVm gdmª‘Ü¶o {‘giVmo.
dJ©, emim, n[aga ñdÀN> R>odÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ H$aVmo.
{‘Ìm§Zm JaOoZwê$n ghH$m¶© H$aVmo.
{‘Ìm§À¶m gwIXþ:Im‘Ü¶o gh^mJr hmoVmo.
emioÀ¶m {Z¶‘m§Mo nmbZ H$aVmo.
BVam§er Z‘«nUo dmJVmo.

70 K
CK
B¶ËVm
n{bbr
ghmdr
nmMdr
gmVdr
Xþgar
AmR>dr
{Vgar
Mm¡Wr
‘wXX² o
Aä¶mg{df¶H$ gd¶r
ZdrZ JmoîQ> g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mMr {Okmgm XmIdVmo.
ZdZdrZ JmoîQ>r {eH$m¶bm AmdS>VmV.
CnH«$‘m‘Ü¶o H¥${Verb gh^mJ KoVmo.
emioV ¶oÊ¶mV AmZ§X dmQ>Vmo.
J¥hnmR> AmdS>rZo H$aVmo.
Iyn àíZ {dMmaVmo.
ñdV:Mm Aä¶mg ñdV: H$aVmo.
H$b/ AmdS>
N>§Xm‘Üò a§JyZ OmVmo.
{MÌo H$mT>Vmo.
JmUr-H${dVm åhUVmo.
JmoîQ> gm§JVmo.
Z¥Ë¶, A{^Z¶, ZmQ>çrH$aU H$aVmo.
IoimV gh^mJ KoVmo.
Adm§Va dmMZ H$aVmo.
J{UVr AmH$S>o‘moS> H$aVmo.
H$m¶m©Zw^dmVrb dñVy ~ZdVmo.
(H$mJXH$m‘ , {MH$Q>H$m‘)
ñnYm© narjm§‘Ü¶o gh^mJr hmoVmo.
H$Wm, H${dVm, g§dmX, ñ’y$Q> boIZ H$aVmo.

71 K
CK
g§M¶r Zm|XnÌH$ âÊ¶m~m~V gyMZm

{dXçmWu ‘m{hVr
A) d¡¶p³VH$ ‘m{hVr :
’$moQ>mo : - {dXçmWu emioV n{hë¶m§Xm àdoe KoB©b Ë¶m doioMm nmgnmoQ>© gmB©OMm Agmdm.
{dXçmÏ¶m©Mo Zmd : - n{hbo Zmd (First name), d{S>bm§Mo Zmd, AmS>Zmd ¶m H«$‘mZo nyU© Zmd {bhmdo.
gÜ¶mMm nËVm : - {dXçmWu ñdV:À¶m ‘yi Jmdr Z {eH$Vm AÝ¶ Jmdr {eH$V Agob Va Vmo Á¶m Jmdr
{eH$V Agob Ë¶m JmdmVrb nËVm {bhmdm.
H$m¶‘Mm nËVm : - {dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m ‘yi JmdmVrb nËVm, {dXçmWu ‘yi Jmdr {eH$V Agob Va gÜ¶mMm
nËVm Am{U H$m¶‘Mm nËVm gmaImM amhrb.
d¡XçH$s¶ VnmgUrÀ¶m AmYmao An§JËdmMr ‘m{hVr âmdr.
OÝ‘ {XZm§H$, OÝ‘ {R>H$mU, Y‘©, OmV, àdJ© hr ‘m{hVr OZab a{OñQ>a ‘Yrb Zm|Xrdê$Z âmdr.
~) H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ ‘m{hVr :
~) ‘Yrb ‘m{hVr nmbH$m§Zm {dMmê$Z âmdr.
Xm[aÐç aofoImbrb ‘m{hVr à‘mUnÌ nmhÿZ âmdr.
H$) emim§~m~VMr ‘m{hVr :
EH$mM e¡j{UH$ dfm©V åhUOo EH$mM B¶ËVoM {dXçmÏ¶m©Zo emim ~Xbobr Agë¶mg Ë¶m emim§Mm CëboI Ë¶m
B¶ËVoÀ¶m aH$mÝ¶mV H$amdm.

‘mÜ¶‘ - {dXçmWu Á¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mV {eH$V Agob Vo ‘mÜ¶‘ {bhmdo.
aH$mZm H«$‘m§H$ 3 Vo 6 Mr ‘m{hVr OZab a{OñQ>aÀ¶m AmYmao {bhmdr.
emar[aH$ ‘m{hVr (dOZ, C§Mr)- d¡XçH$s¶ VnmgUrÀ¶m AmYmao âmdr/AWdm Ë¶m e¡j{UH$ dfm©Vrb gßQ>|~a
‘{hÝ¶mV dJ© {ejH$m§Zr âmdr.

d¡XçH$s¶ VnmgUrV AmT>iyZ Amboë¶m XmofmMm àH$ma aH$mZm H«$‘m§H$ 8 ‘Ü¶o {bhmdm.
S>) e¡j{UH$ àJVr Zm|X V³Vm

àË¶oH$ B¶ËVoV àË¶oH$ gÌmÀ¶m eodQ>r {dXçmÏ¶m©Zo àmßV Ho$boë¶m {df¶{Zhm¶ loUrMr Zm|X H$amdr.

72 K
CK
B) {d{dY emgH$s¶ ¶moOZm§Mm bm^ :

embo¶ A{^boIm§À¶m AmYmao Zm|Xr H$amì¶mV. bm^ {‘imbm Agë¶mg "' Aer IyU H$amdr. Zgë¶mg "'
Aer IyU H$amdr.
’$) {dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m dV©Z{df¶H$ {dH$mgmMo ‘yë¶m§H$Z :
{Xboë¶m ‘wXX² çm§À¶m g§X^m©V àË¶oH$ B¶ËVoV dJ©{ejH$m§À¶m d {df¶ {ejH$m§À¶m {ZarjUmYmao ImÌr Pmë¶mZ§Va
Zm|Xr H$amì¶mV.
àË¶oH$ ‘wX²XçmÀ¶m g§X^m©V à{VgmX Zm|XdVmZm nwT>rbn¡H$s ¶mo½¶ Vr A§H$ Zm|Xdmdm.
Iyn H$‘r doim/³d{MV à{VgmX - 1
H$Yr H$Yr à{VgmX - 2
Zoh‘r à{VgmX - 3
Zm|XrgmR>r ghmÜ¶m¶r d nmbH$ ¶m§Mr ‘Vo {dMmamV KoVm ¶oVrb.
~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V Am[U g³VrMm {ejU h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 H$b‘ 30 {Z¶‘ (2) AÝd¶o, àmW{‘H$
{ejU nyU© Ho$boë¶m {dXçmÏ¶m©bm {ejU nyU© Pmë¶mZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ¶mÀ¶m AmV emioÀ¶m ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$mZo Xçmd¶mÀ`m
à‘mUnÌmMm emgZ‘mÝ¶ Z‘wZm nwT>rbà‘mUo Amho.
(‘hmamîQ´> ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ {Z¶‘ - 2011, n[a{eîQ> - XmoZ
Z‘wZm - 3
àmW{‘H$ {ejU nyV©Vm à‘mUnÌ
à‘m{UV H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVo H$s, Hw$‘ma/Hw$‘mar
¶mZo/{hZo ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V Am{U g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 ‘Yrb H$b‘ 29 ‘Ü¶o {d{hV
Ho$boë¶m {ZH$fm§Zwgma Amnbo B¶ËVm AmR>drn¶ªVMo àmW{‘H$ {ejU nyU© Ho$bo Amho. Ë¶mZo/{VZo B¶ËVm
AmR>drn¶ªVMr Ah©Vm d {dXçm{df¶H$ H$m¡eë¶o àmßV Ho$br AmhoV.
emioMm {e³H$m ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$
{XZm§H$

73 K
CK
n[a{eîQ>
PmS>M loîR> - (ZmQ>çrH$aUmgmR>r)
dZñnVrMo gd© Ad¶d Jm|Yi KmbVmV. gd©OU ‘rM PmS>mMm loîR> Ad¶d Ago gm§JVmV. EH$M
Jm|Yi-gdmªZm ~mOybm gmê$Z nmZ nwT>o ¶oVo.
nmZ : ìhm ~mOybm! gdmªnojm ‘rM loîR>!
‘r H$gm {hadmJma.
PmS>mbm nmZm§‘wioM AmoiI.
gmdbrbm ‘mUg§ ¶oVmV Vr nmZm§‘wioM.
‘rM W§S>Jma gmdbr XoVmo gdmªZm.
¶mÌoH$ê§$Zm ‘mPmM AmYma, {dlm§VrMm.
ImoS> : dm ao dm! åhUo ‘rM AmYma!
nmZmbm ImoS>mZo AmYma {Xbm ZgVm Va hdoVM bQ>H$bm AgVm.
‘mVrVM nS>bm AgVm.
ImoS> Amho åhUyZ nmZm§Mr emo^m!
’y$b : nmZ§ Am{U PmS>m§Mr emo^m! ({‘ñH$sbnUo)
Aao ImoS>m! Vy Agm IS>~S>rV, IaIarV! VwPm ao bmoH$m§Zm H$m¶ Cn¶moJ?
‘r ’y$b H$g§ g§wXa, gwJ§Yr.
^«‘a ‘mÂ¶mH$S>oM ¶oVmV, ‘mUg§ ‘mÂ¶mM dmgmda ^miVmV.
‘rM gdmªMm AmdS>Vm. H$m¶©H$« ‘ Am{U g‘ma§^ ‘mÂ¶m ZgÊ¶mZoM Imoi~§ VmV. gd©OU H$er
AmXamZo nmhVmV.
’$i : åhUo AmXamZo nmhVmV, H$m‘ Pmb§ H$s nSy>Z amhVmV. ‘mÂ¶mH$S>o nhm. gd©OU ’$im§MrM
dmQ> nmhVmV. ^yH$ bmJë¶mda bmoH$ ’w$b§ ZmhrV ImV, ‘rM bmoH$m§Zm AmdS>Vmo, ‘wbo ‘mPmM
hQ²>Q> H$aVmV.
nmZ : (AJXr AJ{VH$VoZo) ‘r dmQ>gê§$Zm gmdbr XoVmo, bmoH$ {dlm§Vr KoVmV. Vo Amho H$m
VwÂ¶mH$S>.o
’y$b : Aao Mb, ‘mÂ¶m‘wioM gm¢X¶m©Mr Amamg.
’$i : Aao nU Amamo½¶mgmR>r-e³VrgmR>r ‘bmM ‘mJUr. amo½¶mbm bdH$a ~ao H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘rM.
ImoS> : Aao gdmªMm AmYma ‘rM,
‘r Vwåhm§bm Yê$Z R>odVmo åhUyZ Vwåhr {XgVm.
(gd©OU AMmZH$nUo ‘wimH$S>o nmhVmV.)

74 K
CK
’y$b : Aao, ‘yi AmO H$m CXmg Am{U em§V? (gd© OU ‘wimH$S>o ¶oVmV.)
nmZ : ‘yiXmXm, VyM gm§J Am‘À¶mV loîR> H$moU?
ImoS> : ‘wim Aao ‘rM! Vo H$m gm§Jm¶bm hd§?
‘yi : Aao AmnU gd©M loîR>! AmnU gd© {‘iyZ PmS>. AmnU PmS>mMo Ad¶d AmhmoV.
gd© OU (‘yi gmoSy>Z) : Ia§M!
‘yi : ~Km, ‘r PmS>mbm åhUOo Vwåhm gdmªZm nmUr, AÝZ O{‘ZrVyZ emofU H$ê$Z nwadVmo. Voìhm
Vwåhr ’w$bVm.
gd© OU : Aao ‘yi XmXm, ‘J VyM loîR>!
‘yi : Zmhr ao ! AmnU gd© loîR> AmhmoV, EH$ Ad¶d Oar VwQ>bm Var PmS> nyU© hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZ
AmnU gd© loîR>.
gd© OU : ‘J Vy Agm CXmg H$m?
‘yi : Aao, Vw‘À¶m ^m§S>Um‘wio Vw‘M§ bj ZìhV§! EH$ bmHy$S>VmoS>çm ¶oD$Z Jobm. Vmo PmS>mda IyU
H$ê$Z Jobm. WmoS>çmM doimV Vmo PmS> VmoS>m¶bm ¶oUma Amho, åhUyZ ‘r CXmg Amho. (WmoS>§
Wm§~yZ, CXmgnUo)
‘r emim gwQ>m¶Mr dmQ> nmhVmo¶. AmO ‘wbm§Zm Amnë¶m gmdbrV eodQ>M§ IoiVmZm S>moio
^ê$Z nmhUma Amho. (VodT>çmV emioMr K§Q>m dmOVo. ‘wbo niVM PmS>mImbr ¶oVmV.)
em‘ : H$m¶ ao AãXþb, PmS> Amnb§ AmO hgyZ - AmZ§XmZo ñdmJV H$aV Zmhr. AmO nmZ§
IiIiV ZmhrV H$s gigiV.
AãXþb : H$mH$m PmS>mZ§ gd© {Xb§ Vwåhm§bm? Vwåhr H$m¶ {Xb§ PmS>mbm?
(‘mbH$ WmoS>m {dMma H$aVmV.)
AãXþb : Aao Ia§M! ’w$bo Am{U ’$io ~K H$er {ha‘wgbrV Am{U ImoS>mVyZ hm {MH$ ~K-OUy PmS>
aS>V Amho. Aao Vo PmS>mM§ aS>U§M Amho.
PmS> : Aao ~mim§Zmo! Ioim Zm AmO! H$m Wm§~bmV? AmO Vwåhm§bm IoiVmZm S>moio ^ê$Z eodQ>Mo
nmhm¶Mo Amho. (‘wbo AmíM¶m©Zo nmhy bmJbr. - WmoS>r Km~abr.)
PmS> : Aao Km~ê$ ZH$m! ‘r Vw‘Mm {‘Ì PmS> Amho. ‘rM ~mobV Amho. Km~ê$ ZH$m. AmZ§XmZo Ioim.
em‘ : (‘wbo WmoS>r YrQ> Pmbr) Aao ! nU {‘Ìm-PmS>m ! Vy eodQ>Mo H$m åhUmbmg?
PmS> : Aao Vwåhr ImoS>mH$S>o ~{KVb§ Zm? Ë`mda Or IyU Amho Vr PmS> VmoS>m¶Mr IyU Amho. AmO
‘bm bmHy$S>VmoS>çm VmoS>Uma Amho. åhUyZ.....

75 K
CK
gd© ‘wbo : (EH$X‘ AmoaS>br) Aaoa!o Ag§ hmoUma Zmhr! Amåhr PmS> VmoS>y XoUma Zmhr. Amåhr gd© ‘wbo
{ZH$amZo {damoY H$ê$.
AãXþb : Aao Amåhr IoiUma Hw$R>§? ~mJS>Uma Hw$R>§? Amåhm ‘wbm§da ‘m¶oMr gmdbr H$moU YaUma?
gd©OU : Amåhr PmS> VmoSy> XoUma Zmhr,
Amåhr PmS> VmoSy> XoUma Zmhr.
(gd© ‘wbo PmS>m^modVr H$S>o H$aVmV ..... ‘mbH$ Am{U bmHy$S>VmoS>çm ¶oVmV.)
‘mbH$ : ìhm ao ~mOybm ‘wbm§Zmo! PmS> VmoS>m¶Mo Amho, ‘bm n¡go [‘iUma AmhoV.
em‘ : H$mH$m, PmS> VmoSy> ZH$m!
gd©OU : Amåhr PmS> VmoSy> XoUma Zmhr.
‘mbH$ : Aao nU ‘r n¡go KoVboV. ‘r PmS> VmoS>UmaM.
‘wbo (gd©OU) : Amåhr PmS> VmoSy> XoUma Zmhr.
PmS>o Am‘Mr [‘Ì AmhoV.
Vo gdmªda gmaIrM ‘m¶m H$aVmV. gdmªZm \w$bo \$io XoVmV.
gdmªZm gmdbr XoVmV. ewX²Y hdm XoVmV.
Amåhm ~mb{‘Ìm§Zm Ioim¶bm gmo~Vr hmoVmV.
AãXwb : H$mH$m, PmS>mZ§ gd© {Xb§ Vwåhm§bm! Vwåhr H$m¶ {Xb§ PmS>mbm?
(‘mbH$ WmoS>m {dMma H$aVmV.)
‘mbH$ : Aao Wm§~! ‘wb§ åhUVmV VoM Ia§. PmS>m§Zr ‘bm gd© {Xb§. AmO ‘r Omo H$mhr Amho Vo
PmS>m§À¶m CnH$mam‘wio. KoVbobo n¡go naV H$arZ, nU PmS> VmoS>Uma Zmhr.
‘wbm§À¶m [‘Ìm§Zm OnUma Amho Am{U AmOnmgyZ ‘rhr PmS>m§Mm {‘Ì hmoB©Z. Mbm hm g§Xoe
gdmªZm gm§Jy ¶m. (‘wbo AmZ§XmZo ZmMy bmJbr.)

76 K
CK
^yH§$n
^yH§$n àH¥${V H$m am¡Ð ê$n h¡& BgH$m hëH$m gm PQ>H$m ~hþV hm{ZH$maH$ Zht hmoVm, qH$Vw Omoa Ho$ PQ>Ho$
go ‘hm{dZme hmoVm h¡&
O~ n¥Ïdr Ho$ ^rVar Vab nXmW© ~ohX J‘© hmo OmVo h¢, Vmo CZH$s ^mn H$m X~md ~hþV ~‹T> OmVm h¡& Bg X~md
Ho$ H$maU n¥Ïdr Ho$ D$nar ñVa H$mo Y³H$m bJVm h¡ Am¡a ^yH§$n hmoVm h¡& ¶h ^yH§$n H$m d¡km{ZH$ H$maU h¡, na BgHo$
~ma|‘o h‘mao nwamUm| H$s ‘mÝ¶Vm ~‹S>r {XbMñn h¡& CgHo$ AZwgma h‘mar ¶h n¥Ïdr ^JdmZ eofZmJ Ho$ ’$Zm|na {Q>H$s
hþB© h¡& O~ n¥Ïdr na nmnm| H$m ~moP ~‹T> OmVm h¡, Vmo ^JdmZ eofZmJ Cgo EH$ ’$Z go Xþgao ’$Z na aIVo h¢, Bg{bE
^yH§$n hmoVm h¡&
^yH§$n Hw$N> goH§$X hr MbVm h¡, na§Vw BVZo H$‘ g‘¶ ‘| ^r ~‹S>m ^mar {dZme hmo OmVm h¡& ^yH§$n Ho$ ^mar PQ>H|$
go YaVr ‘| Xama| n‹S> OmVr h¡& Cg‘| go J‘© bmdm Am¡a {df¡br dm¶w ~mha {ZH$bVr h¢& XoIVo-hr-XoIVo ~‹S>o ~‹S>o ‘H$mZ
Yamem`r hmo OmVo h¢& hOmamo bmoJ ‘b~o Ho$ ZrMo X~H$a ‘a OmVo h¢ ¶m Km¶b hmo OmVo h¢& bmImo bmoJ ~oghmam VWm
~o-Ka hmo OmVo h¢& H$^r H$^r hao-âo Jm±d Am¡a gw§Xa ZJa I§S>ham| ‘| ~Xb OmVo h¢& Z{X¶mo§ Ho$ àdmh, g‘wÐ Am¡a nd©V
Ho$ ñWmZ ^r ~Xb OmVo h¢&
^yH§$n Ho$ níMmV Vwa§V amhV-H$m¶© ewê$ hmo OmVm h¡& ^yH§$n-nr{‹S>Vm| H$mo AÝZ, dó, XdmB¶m± Am{X H$s ghm¶Vm
nhþ±Mm¶r OmVr h¢& ‘b~m hQ>m¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a IwXmB© H$s OmVr h¡& ‘b~o Ho$ ZrMo X~o hþE bmoJm§o ‘| go H$B© Or{dV ^r
nmE OmVo h¢&
AÜ¶¶ZmVrb ‘m{hVrMo AmoPo H$‘r H$aUo

‘m{hVrÀ¶m {dñ’$moQ>mÀ¶m ¶wJmV embo¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘m§Vhr ‘m{hVrMo à‘mU dmT>V Mmbbo Amho.
nma§n[aH$ ñdê$nmÀ¶m ‘m{hVr~amo~a ZdrZ g§H$ënZm, {dMmaàUmbr, emoY ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr g‘m{dîQ>
Ho$ë¶m‘wio Aä¶mgH«$‘m§Mr ì¶mßVr dmT>V Jobr Amho. ¶m§n¡H$s H$moUVr ‘m{hVr hr ‘yb^yV kmZmÀ¶m
ñdê$nmVrb Amho Am{U H$moUVr VmËnwaË¶m ‘hËËdmMr Amho ho Vnmgbo nm{hOo. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gd©
‘m{hVr {eH$Ê¶mMr g³Vr H$aÊ¶mnojm ‘yb^yV kmZ XoUo d Ë¶mnwT>rb ‘m{hVr ñdV: {‘idÊ¶mMr
V§Ì,o H$m¡eë¶o {eH$dUo JaOoMo Amho. ¶m ñdê$nmV Aä¶mg{df¶m§Mr ’o$a‘m§S>Ur Ho$ë¶mg {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m
‘Zmdarb ‘m{hVrMo AmoPo Am{U {Zén¶moJr KmoH§$nQ²>Q>rMm VmU H$‘r H$aVm ¶oB©b.

77 K
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amOyMo ñdßZ
EH$ hmoVm amOy. PmonS>rV amhm¶Mm. emioV ¶oVm-OmVm añË¶mdaMm ~§Jbm nmhm¶Mm. ""Amnë¶mbm Oa hm
~§Jbm amhm¶bm {‘imbm Va! H$m¶ ‘ÁOm ¶oB©b Zm!'' ‘ZmV {dMma H$am¶Mm. EH$m amÌr Ë¶mÀ¶m ñdßZmV Ambr
nar. nm§T>am ew^« PJm KmVbobr. hmVmV Mm§XUrMr d OmXÿMr N>S>r KoVbobr nar. amOybm {VZo AbJX CMbbo AZ²
hdoV CS>V-CS>V EH$m S>m|Jamda Zobo. amOy nmhVmo Vmo H$m¶?.... EH$ gw§Xa amOdmS>m. amOdmS>çmnwT>o gw§Xa ~JrMm
hmoVm. ‘D$ ‘D$, bwgbwerV JdV, a§Jr~oa§Jr gw§Xa dmgm§Mr doJdoJir ’w$bo. nar åhUmbr, ""Vy BWoM amhm¶M§, Vwbm
BW§ gJi§ {‘iob, nU ¶m amOdmS>çm~mhoa A{O~mV Om¶M§ Zmhr.'' amOy CËgmhmV åhUmbm, ""hmo Mmbob H$s!''
amOy {hadirda bmoibm, ’w$bm§Mm dmg KoV BH$S>o {VH$S>o nimbm. KgaJwS§ >rda Kgabm. Pmo³¶mda Pwbbm. ‘ÁOmM
‘ÁOm. ‘J Jobm amOdmS>çmV. .... amOdmS>çmV hmoVo H$mMoMo Q>o~b. Ë¶mÀ¶m^modVr Jw~Jw~rV IwÀ¶m©. amOy IwMuda
Qw>UH$Z CS>r ‘mê$Z ~gbm. Q>~o bmda bmSy>, {Obo~r, noT>o {H$VrVar nXmW© hmoV.o amOyZo ~H$m~H$ Imëbo ... g§Ü¶mH$mi
hmoV Ambr. amOdmS>m àH$memZo COibm. ‘J amOyÀ¶m bjmV Ambo, ""Aao! AmnU BWo EH$Q>o AmhmoV. BWo emim
Zmhr, ~amo~aMo {‘Ì ZmhrV.'' Ë¶mMr ~hrU Zmhr, AmOr Zmhr, AmB© Zmhr, ~m~m ZmhrV. Ë¶mbm KaMr AmR>dU ¶oD$
bmJbr. S>moù¶m§V nmUr ¶oD$ bmJbo.... Ë¶mbm ‘D$ ‘D$ JmXrda bmoiy dmQ>oZm, ~mJoV Ioiy dmQ>oZm... gJù¶m§Mr
AmR>dU ¶oD$ bmJbr. AmR>dUrZo Vmo ‘moR>‘moR>çmZo aSy> bmJbm. VodT>çmV nar Ambr, ""H$m¶ Pmb§ ao amOy? BW§ Va
gJi§ Amho, doJdoJio nXmW© AmhoV, amOdmS>çmV doJdoJir IoiUr AmhoV. gw§Xa ~mJ Amho, ~mJoV ’w$b§ AmhoV.
KgaJw§S>r, PmoH$m {H$Vr ‘ÁOm Amho.'' amOy aS>VM åhUmbm, ""nU BW§ ‘mPr ‘mUg§ ZmhrV, AmB© Zmhr, ~m~m
ZmhrV, ~hrU Zmhr, {‘Ì ZmhrV. ‘bm amOdmS>çmÀ¶m ~mhoa nS>Ê¶mMr nadmZJr Zmhr. ‘bm ñdmV§Í¶ Zmhr. ‘bm ZH$mo
hm amOdmS>m. ‘bm ‘mÂ¶m Kar Om¶M§¶. ‘bm Zmhr amhm¶M§ H$moUmÀ¶m ~§YZmV qnOè¶mVë¶m nmonQ>mgmaI§.''
""AmB©@@@'' Vmo ‘moR>çmZo ^moH$mS> ngê$Z aS>y bmJbm.....
""H$m¶ Pmb§ ao ~mim, H$m aS>Vmog, D$R> bdH$a, D$R>! emioV Om¶M§ Zm... Vo ~K VwPo {‘Ì AmboV. Vy emioV
Om¶bm Amda nQ>H$Z.'' amOy ñdßZmVyZ OmJm Pmbm. nQ>H$Z AmB©À¶m Hw$erV {eabm.'' ‘bm VwÂ¶mMnmer
amhm¶M§¶, ‘bm Zmhr amhm¶M§ amOdmS>çmV H$moUmÀ¶m ~§YZmV.'' AmB©Zo Ë¶mMo nQ>mnQ> ‘wHo$ KoVbo. ""Aao Vy BWoM
Amhog, Amnë¶m KamV, ‘mÂ¶m Hw$erV.'' amOybm hm¶g§ dmQ>b§.

78 K
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AgmÜ¶ Vo gmÜ¶ ...... EH$ AZw^d

gd© narjm ~§X hmoUma! gagH$Q> gd© {dXçmWu nmg hmoUma! {ejUmMm ~Q²>Q>çm~moi Pmbm hmo! gZ
2009bm gd© ñVam§Vë¶m àgma‘mÜ¶‘m§Mm gya C‘Q>bm. Aem ApñWa dmVmdaUmV AY©dQ> ‘m{hVrX²dmao
Am‘À¶m qMVmVya nmbH$dJm©Zo emgZmbm, emgZmÀ¶m {ejU-{df¶H$ YmoaUmbm nm{hOo Vgm Xmof bmdbm. Amåhr
JwéOtZr narjm ZgUma, Voìhm ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$go ìhmdo? Aer Y‘©g§H$Q>mV gmnS>ë¶mJV pñWVr Pmbr hmoVr.
AZ² AemVM 20 Am°JñQ> 2010 amoOr emgZmZo ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr A{^Zd Aer H$m¶©nX²YVr bmJy Ho$br. Vr
åhUOo "gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ' nX²YVr hmo¶. AmOdaÀ¶m {ejUjoÌmVë¶m, {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘yë¶‘mnZ
nX²YVtV hr gdm}ÀM Cn¶w³V, nmaXe©H$ Am{U n[anyU© Aer nX²YVr Amho. ¶mX²dmao haEH$ {dXçmÏ¶mªVrb gyú‘V‘
JwUm§Zm ‘hËV‘ H$ê$Z, Ë¶mb àJ{VnWmda AmUmd¶mg g‘W© Aer ‘yë¶‘mnZ nX²YVr hmo¶. ¶m nX²YVr‘wio
AÜ¶¶Z gwê$ AgVmM {Z¶{‘VnUo {dXçmÏ¶mªMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aVm ¶oBb © . Aem {Z¶{‘V ‘yë¶‘mnZmZo {dXçmÏ¶mªZm
EdT>o {eH$Ê¶mMr hm¡g dmT>br H$s, ‘bm gm§JVmZm eãX H$‘r nS>Vrb. gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ nX²YVrX²dmao
{ejUmÀ¶m àdmgmV M¡VÝ¶ {Z‘m©U Pmbo. ¶m nX²YVrZo {M‘wH$ë¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©bm ào‘i n«mËo gmhZmMr Wmn {‘imbr AZ²
Ë¶m§Mr H$m§Vr COiyZ {ZKmbr. X¡Z{§ XZ {ZarjUmVyZ ‘bm àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ZmZm{dY n¡bM§y m àË¶¶ Ambm. AmnU
~KVmZm {H$Vr gyú‘ ~KÊ¶mMr JaO Amho? ¶mMm Ord§V àË¶¶ Ambm. X¡Z{§ XZ {ZarjUmVyZ Amnë¶m {M‘wH$ë¶m§À¶m
A~mob AS>MUr bjmV Amë¶m AZ² ‘mÂ¶m ~KÊ¶mÀ¶m ÑpîQ>H$moZmVM Am‘ybmJ« ~Xb Pmbm. OPEN BOOK
TEST ñdV§Ì
"Ü¶mg KoVbm JwUdËVoMm

H$m¶Xm Pmbm {ejUmMm&'
dmVmdaUmV KoVbm AgVm, àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ {Z^©¶nUo AmZ§XmZo Vr narjm XoV hmoVm. {d{dYm§Jr àH$ënmbm ñdê$n
XoVmZm {M‘wH$ë¶m§À¶m KamVrb gd© Á¶oîR> ‘§S>ir CËgmhmZo gm‘rb Pmë¶mMo nmhÿZ Kambm Ord§VnUm Ambm.
‘wbm§À¶m àmË¶{jH$m§VyZ AMyH$nUm dmT>VM Jobm. nmbH$m§Zm nmë¶mMr àË¶oH$ ~m~ ‘m{hVr Pmbr. CëboIZr¶
Zm|XrVyZ nmbH$m§Zm Amnë¶m nmë¶mMo JwUd¡{eîQ>ç bjmV Ambo. Ë¶mX²dmao ‘wbm§À¶m {dH$mgmbm ‘mJ© gwH$a Pmbm.
‘wbm§Vrb JwUm§À¶m OrdKoÊ¶m ñnY}bm nyU©{dam‘ bmJyZ AZoH$ AZW© Q>ibo. loUrVyZ g‘mZVm àmßV Pmbr.
gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZmVyZ ‘wbm§À¶m OrdZmVrb AZwËVrU© hmoD$Z ~hþ‘ëy ¶ df© dm¶m Z OmVm Am{U nwT>- o
nwT>o MmbV amhÿZ {eH$Ê¶mg g§Yr àmßV Pmbr.
Abr dm{gH$ Ah‘X gw^mZ
(ghm¶H$ AÜ¶mnH$)
{O.n. àmW. emim - A§Vmoam (OwZm)
n.g. AmîQ>r, {O.n. dYm©

79 K
CK
lo` Zm_mdbr
boIZ d g§nmXZ
A.H«$. Zmd nX nËVm
1 S>m°. eHw§$Vbm H$mio ghg§MmbH$ ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
à{ejU n[afX,nwUo 30
2 H$ë¶mU nmZJo à.àmÜ¶mnH$ ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
3 ¶ed§V {ZH$‘ A{Yì¶m»¶mVm ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
4 har J§. Zmabmdma {Zd¥ËV H|$Ðà‘wI H§$Yma, {Oëhm Zm§XoS>
5 ~mbmOr qeXo {ejH$ {dñVma {Oëhm n[afX, Zm§XoS>
A{YH$mar
6 g§Xrn ~m. dmH²$Mm¡ao Cn{ejH$ {O. n. emim qnniJmd {ZnmUr, Vm. AH$mobo,
{O. Ah‘XZJa
7 g{MZ bmoI§S>o nXdrYa {ejH$ {O.n. emim gwVmadmS>r, Vm. ‘wier, {O. nwUo
8 àXrn JmoS>go Cn{ejH$ {O.n.àm. H$Ý¶m emim {ZQy>a, Vm. {O. bmVya
9 {edmOr JmoB©bH$a Cn{ejH$ [O.n.àm.emim nÌodñVr Vm. IoS> {O. nwUo
10 M§XZ Hw$bH$Uu AÜ`mnH$mMm`© emgH$s¶ AÜ¶mnH$ {dXçmb¶ n¡R>U, {O. Am¡aJm§~mX
11 g{MZ dmS>H$a Cn{ejH$ ‘.Z.nm. {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo
12 ‘h|Ð XËVmÌ¶ ^moB©a H|$Ðà‘wI n§Mm¶V g{‘Vr A§~aZmW, {O. R>mUo.
13 adtÐ ~m~mOr ^moB©a Cn{ejH$ {O.n.emim {ebmoËVa, Vm. emhmnya, {O. R>mUo.
14 MoVZ Hw$‘ma gmo‘d§er Cn{ejH$ {O.n.emim KmoS>oJmd, Vm.Am§~oJmd, {O. nwUo.
15 gm¡. emaXm H .nmZJo Cn{e{jH$m nwamoJm‘r ‘m. {d. Zm¶Jmd, Vm. hdobr.
{O. nwU.o
16 lr_Vr gm[aH$m Xo. JwOamWr H|$Ðg‘Ýd¶H$ ‘.Z.nm. {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo.

80 K
CK
{Z{‘©Vr d {dH$gZ
A.H«$. Zmd nX nËVm

1. lr_Vr AbH$m d¡Xç àmMm`m© Y«dw A°H$° S>_r g§J_Zoa, {O. Ah_XZJa
2. S>m.° {Z_©bm JOmZZ OmYd H|$Ðà_wI H|$Ð {hdaIoS>, Vm. Im_Jmd, {O. ~wbT>mUm
3. lr_Vr ew^Xm gwaeo nmQ>UH$a Cn{e{jH$m {O. n. emim, nm¢S> Vm. _wier, {O. nwU.o
4. {OV|Ð OmIy åhmÌo Cn{ejH$ {O. n. emim {ZJwS>eVo , Vm. Vim, {O. am`JS>
5. lr‘. VmR>o _Zrfm {dR²>R>b A{Yì`m»`mVm {O. {e. à. g§ñWm, Oìhma, {O. R>mUo
6. JmS>Jo S>r. Ho$. Cn{ejH$ {edN>ÌnVr {edmOr amOo _m. {d. qMMdS>, nwU.o
7. lr_Vr VmoaUo Eg. Eg. A{Yì`m»`mVm {O. {e. à. g§ñWm, bmoUr H$mi^moa, nwUo
8. _h|Ð gmd§V VÁk _mJ©Xe©H$ ~¥hÝ_w~§ B©, _.Z.nm. {ejU _§S>i, _w~§ B©
9. S>m.° _oYm ~mJbo H|$Ð g_Ýd`H$ {edS>r, Vm. {Z\$mS>, {O. Zm{eH$
10. gm¡. XrßVr {Xbrn Xoenm§S>o {Zd¥ËV {e{jH$m _.Z.nm. {ejU _§S>i, nwUo
11. àmMm`© _. b. ZmZH$a godm{Zd¥ËV àmMm`© AÜ`mnH$ _hm{dXçmb`, Z§Xaÿ ~ma
12. eoI E. E_. Cn{ejH$ Zd^maV hm`ñHy$b {edUo, Vm. hdobr, {O. nwUo
13. `mXd am_{hV ~m. godm{Zd¥ËV ~¥hÝ_w~§ B©, _.Z.nm. {ejU _§S>i, _w~§ B©
àem. A{YH$mar
14. n§S>mJio adtÐ XËVmÌ` Cn{ejH$ {O.n.hm. bmohm, {O. Zm§XSo >
15. H$X_ ZmJoe aKwZmW AÜ¶mnH$mMm¶© AÜ`mnH$ {dXçmb` _mbdU, {O. qgYwXJþ ©
16. ZJaH$a Z§X{H$emoa XËVmÌ` Cn{ejH$ A{^Zd {dXçmb` hm`ñHy$b, nwUo
17. Vmo~ao àH$me nm§S>w aJ§ Cn{ejH$ {O. n. àm. emim, am_dmS>r, Vm. B§Xmnya, {O. nwUo
18. ny{U©_m nm§S>ò Cn{ejH$ g§. Jmo. ~d} _mJ©, _Znm, qhXr emim, Hw$bm©, _w~§ B©
19. gmR>o H$m{Z\$ZmW ~mOramd Cn{ejH$ {O. n. àmW. emim, _midmS>r, {O. Ah_XZJa
20. gwZrb dg§V gwVma nXdrYa {ejH$ {d. _§. XodS>,} Vm. AmOam, {O. H$moëhmnya

81 K
CK
g§X^© gyMr
A.Z. nwñVH$mMo Zmd/{Z¶VH$m{bH$ g§nmXH$/boIH$ àH$meH$
1. gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ lrYa gmiw§Ho$ ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
-{ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m -1 (g§MmbH$ MSCERT) à{ejU n[afX nwUo 30
2. gmVË¶nyU© gdªH$f ‘yë¶‘mnZ lrYa gmiw§Ho$ ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
-{ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m -2 (g§MmbH$ MSCERT) à{ejU n[afX nwUo 30
3. OrdZ {ejU (e§H$m-g‘mYmZ) lr. {dXçmYa ew³b ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
à{ejU n[afX nwUo 30
4. amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m - amîQ´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d
2005. à{ejU n[afX
5. ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ - ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶. d CÀM
AmamIS>m 2010. ‘mÜ¶. {ejU ‘§S>i nwUo.
6. {ejUmMo A{YîR>mZ-embo¶ - ¶§edVamd MìhmU ‘hmamîQ´> ‘w³V
ì¶dhma {dXçmnrR> Zm{gH$.
7. àíZnoT>r {dH$gZ: EH$ e¡j{UH$ S>m°. gÁOZ Wyb (¶ed§Vamd ga gm{hË¶ H|$Ð
Midi MìhmU ‘hm. ‘w. {dXçmnrR>,
Zm{eH$
8. òmoV nwpñVH$m - amîQ´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU
n[afX. ‘hm. amÁ¶. e¡. g§. d à{ejU
n[afX nwUo 30.
9. àmW. {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2004 amîQ´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU
n[afX. ‘hm. amÁ¶. e¡. g§. à{e.
n[afX nwUo 30.
10. {ejU à{ejU ‘mJ©X{e©H$m A. ‘w. ~oS>Jo ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ
d à{ejU n[afX, nwUo 30.
11. Learner's Evaluation Indira Gandhi National Open

University, New delhi
12. àíZ{Z{‘©Vr H$m¡eë¶-{ejH$ E‘. Or. ‘amR>o ‘hm. amÁ¶. e¡. g§. d à{e. n[afX nwU.o
‘mJ©X© {e©H$m
82 K
CK
gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ

H$m`©nX²YVr_wio H$m` gmÜ` hmoBb
© ?
1. `m nX²YVr_wio AÜ``Z gwê$ AgVmZmM {Z`{_VnUo {dXçmÏ`m©Mo _yë`_mnZ hmoBb © .
2. doimodi
o r {_imbobo _mJ©Xe©Z, gH$mamË_H$ eoao `m_wio {dXçmÏ`mªZm {eH$Ê`mMr àoaUm {_iob.
3. `m _yë`_mnZ nX²YVrÀ`m Adb§~m_wio {ejU à{H«$`m H$m`m©er, OrdZmer OmoS>br OmÊ`mg
_XV hmoBb © .
4. AÜ``ZmÀ`m doir _yë`_mnZ Am{U _yë`_mnZmÀ`m doir AÜ``Z `mgmR>r _mJ©Xe©Z hmoUma
Agë`m_wio e¡j{UH$ JwUdËVm {dH$mgmg _moR>çm à_mUmV àoaUm Am{U àmoËgmhZ {_iob.
5. loUr nX²YVrÀ`m Adb§~m_wio {dXçmÏ`m©-{dXçmÏ`mª_Yrb àJVrMr AZmdí`H$ VwbZm H$_r
hmoBb
© . Am{U {dXçmÏ`m©À`m àJVrMr Ë`mÀ`m ñdV:À`m àJVrer VwbZm hmoV amhrb.
6. nmbH$m§Zm {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m àJVr~m~V _m{hVr {_iob.
7. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m àJVrÀ`m CëboIZr` ~m~tMo gmam§e ê$nmZo dU©ZmË_H$ {MÌ àJ{VnÌH$mV
Zm|X{dbo OmB©b. {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m ì`pŠVJV JwUm§À`m {dH$mgmbm MmbZm {_iob.
8. {ejH$m§À`m CnH«$_erbVobm, à`moJerbVobm Am{U H$ënH$Vobm A{YH$ MmbZm {_iob.
9. gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ ho AZm¡nMm[aH$ ñdê$nmV hmoUma Agë`m_wio {dXçmÏ`mªdarb
XS>nU H$_r hmoD$Z Vr AmZ§XXm`r Am{U VmU {da{hV hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoBb © .
10. {dXçmÏ`mªMm Aä`mgH«$_ Ë`m Ë`m dfu nyU© H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMr VaVyX H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
H$moUË`mhr {dXçmÏ`m©bm Ë`mM dJm©V R>do Vm òUma Zmhr. Ë`m_wio H$moUË`mhr {dXçmÏ`mªMo df©
dm`m OmUma Zmhr.
11. {dXçmÏ`mªMo gmVË`mZo _yë`_mnZ hmoV Agë`m_wio {ejH$m§Zmhr doimodi
o r Amnë`m AÜ`mnZmVrb
C{Udm bjmV òD$Z Ë`m doirM Xÿa H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iob.

83 K
CK
à{ejUmMr d¡{eîQ>ço
ñd¶§AÜ¶¶ZmVyZ gmYZ V§ÌmÀ¶m ‘XVrZo kmZaMZmdmXr ÑpîQ>H$moZmVyZ
AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoÊ¶mMr {Xem.
CX²{XîQ>o d nmR>çm§emMo ñdê$n ¶m§Mm g‘Ýd¶ gmYyZ AÜ¶¶Z AZw^dm§Mr
H«$‘dma ¶moOZm H$aÊ¶mMo ‘mJ©Xe©Z
AÜ¶¶Z d ‘yë¶‘mnZ EH$mpË‘H$ arVrZo H$go KS>Vo ¶mMr OmUrd.
‘w³V à{VgmXmË‘H$, H$ënZme³Vrbm dmd XoUmè¶m, ~hþ{Xe {dMmamg
àd¥ËV H$aUmè¶m àíZm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr d Ë¶m§Mm H$m¡eë¶nydH© $ dmna H$aÊ¶mMo
‘mJ©Xe©Z.
"nwñVH$mgh MmMUr' {dH${gV H$aÊ¶m{df¶r ì¶mdhm[aH$ gyMZm
{dXçmWu g§{MHo$g§~Y§ r ‘m{hVr (Portfolio) Cn¶w³VVm d dmnam{df¶r
‘mJ©Xe©Z
{dXçmÏ¶mªMo g§M¶r Zm|XnÌH$ (Cumulative Record) R>odÊ¶mMm
AmamIS>m d dmna ¶m{df¶r ‘mJ©Xe©Z
"àmW{‘H$ {ejU nyU© Ho$ë¶mMo à‘mUnÌ' Z‘wÝ¶mMm n[aM¶
"ghmÜ¶m¶r ‘yë¶‘mnZ' d "ñd¶§‘ëy ¶‘mnZm'{df¶r ‘mJ©Xe©Z
gmYZV§Ìmgh AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d XoVmZm AÜ¶¶Z à{H«$¶oV OrdZ H$m¡eë¶o,
g§{dYmZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶o H$em [aVrZo ¶oVmV ¶mMo gmoXmhaU ñnîQ>rH$aU.
‘hËËdmÀ¶m KQ>H$mda AÜ¶¶Z g‘¥XY² rgmR>r JQ>H$m¶m©Mm g‘mdoe
g§X^© gwb^Vm, AÜ¶¶Z gwb^Vm d AÜ¶¶Z Ame¶mMr hmZr Q>miUo
¶mgmR>r nm°da nm°BQª > àoPQ| >eo ZMm dmna
àË¶oH$ {df¶mgmR>r ‘yë¶‘mnZmÀ¶m gmYZV§Ìm§À¶m dmnam{df¶r ‘mJ©Xe©Z

84 K

CCE Book No. 3

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CK

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : XmoZ

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : VrZ

B gm. {dkmZ .................................................................................. 32

B emar[aH$ {ejU ............................................................................ 39

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : Mma

àH$aU -1 : gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ à{H«$`m - EH$ _mJmodm

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 1

~) g§H${bV _yë`_mnZ (Summative Evaluation)

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 2

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 3

àH$aU 2 : AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ d ‘yë¶‘mnZ

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 5

- {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo, gmXarH$aU H$aUo.

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 7

AÜ¶¶Z AZw^d ¶moOZm

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 8

àH$aU 3 : AÜ``Z AZw^dmVrb {d{dYVm

OrdZ ì`ŠVr-ì`ŠVt_Yrb ghg§~Y§

amîQ´>r` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m-2005, amÁ` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m 2010, ~mbH$m§Mm

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 11

{df¶ - àW‘ ^mfm - ‘amR>r

`m nmR>m~m~V {d{dY AÜ``Z - AZw^dmà_mUo XoVm `oVrb.

amîQ´>r` d amÁ` Aä`mgH«$_ AmamIS>m, {ejU hŠH$ H$m`XçmVrb {ZX}em§Mm {dMma -

{df¶ - ^mfm B¶ËVm - ghmdr

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 15

B "^mH$arZo ‘bm KS>{dbo' ¶m nmR>mÀ¶m d¡{dÜ¶nyU© AÜ¶¶ZmVyZ H$m¶ gmÜ¶ Pmbo?

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 16

H$jm : gmVdr {df¶: qhXr

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 17

‘| AmË‘H$Wm H$m dU©Z {bIm&

Ho$ {bE H$hm&

B "^yH§$n' nmR> Ho$ {d{dY AÜ``Z AZw^dm|X²dmam Š`m gmÜ` hþAm?

B [ejH$m§nmR>monmR> {dXçmÏ¶mªMo àH$Q> dmMZ KoVm ¶oB©b.

B Mother-girl ¶m nmÌm§gh nmR>mMo ZmQ>çrH$aU H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oB©b.

B ‘wbrbm OwZrM ~mhþbr H$m AmdS>Vo? ¶m~m~V àíZ {dMmaVm ¶oVrb.

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 19

`m AÜ``Z AZw^dmVyZ H$m` gmÜ` Pmbo?

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 20

Poem : The Swing

How do you like to go up in a swing,

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 21

11) H${dVoMm Ame¶ JXç ñdê$nmV {b{hVm ¶oB©b.

B¶ËVm : n{hbr {df` : J{UV

gmVË`nyU© gdªH$f _yë`_mnZ - {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m (^mJ - 3) : 22

‘r Or g§»¶m XmIdrZ VodT>çmM Q>mù¶m dmOdm.

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