English 10

English – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Affirming and Negating Words and Expressions: Modals
Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Ivan P. Lina

Editor: Richelle M. Asaytono
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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and OIC-
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

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Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
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Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City
 English 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 4
Affirming and Negating Words and Expressions:
Modals
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English 10 Self-Learning Module on Affirming and Negating

Words and Expressions: Modals.

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the English 10 Self-Learning Module on Affirming and Negating

Words and Expressions: Modals.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create,
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-instructional learner module in English 10. All the

activities provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand:
Affirming and Negating Words and Expressions: Modals.
It is hoped that after completing the module, you will be able to:
1. identify affirming words and expressions using modals;
2. identify negating words/expressions using modals;
3. use words and expressions that affirm or negate in writing and
conversing.

PRETEST

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following questions. Write the
letter of the answer on the space before the number.

1. What are modals?

A. Modals are verbs that combine to another verb to indicate mood or
tense.
B. Modals are words that modify a noun or pronoun.
C. Modals are descriptive words.

2. In grammar, what does affirming mean?

A. It is the confirmation that something is scientifically proven.
B. It is the confirmation that something is valid and true.
C. It is the confirmation that something is objective.

3. What does the term negate mean?

A. It is the act of describing a negative person.
B. It is the act of showing a negative life or thing.
C. It is the act of denying a statement that is true or valid.
 4. Which one is correct when showing the usage of affirming?
A. During crisis, we must help others in the best of our ability.
B. During crisis, we can help others in the best of our ability.
C. During crisis, we shall help others in the best of our ability.

5. Which modal in the following negates properly?

A. I would not stand and do nothing for my fellow Filipinos.
B. I shall not stand and do nothing for my fellow Filipinos.
C. I must not stand and do nothing for my fellow Filipinos.

RECAP

Complete the bubble map by giving words and terms we commonly use
when making a campaign. Write the words inside the hexagons.

________

_________ ________

campaign

__________ _____________

___________
 LESSON

To give you an idea of what we are going to talk about today, please
observe and compare the details on the table below.

(https://www.google.com/search?q=doctor&sxsrf=ALeKk03wVPAROOAi9ZvahGtrSkNMmHm1QQ:1592529890044&source=lnms&tbm=isch&s
a=X&ved=2ahUKEwjql4-T3IzqAhXTc3AKHSR5DiUQ_AUoAXoECBAQAw&biw=1344&bih=640#imgrc=BpAZh8eGoBV5hM)

Advice From A Doctor: Corona Virus Do’s & Don’ts

By: Stephanie Carlson

DO’s DON’TS
 You should wear facemask  You should not touch your
when you’re going to a public eyes, nose and mouth without
place. washing your hands.
 You must always wash your  You must not shake hands or
hands properly. give hugs to others.
 You must consistently  You should not go to public
practice good hygiene. places if not highly necessary.
 You should cover your nose  You must not treat social
and mouth when you cough or distancing as a joke.
sneeze.
 You must practice social  You must not go to high risk
distancing whenever you’re in areas or places with large
public. exposure to the virus.

After carefully comparing the details in the two columns, are you able
to spot some differences? Are there some clues or ideas that make you think
that these set of details are practically different? As you proceed with this
module, you will find out more about these ideas that will surely make you
enlightened about our topic.
 (https://www.google.com/search?q=community+fighting+covid+virus&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwizucP94IzqAhUN4pQKHUY6A_oQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=community+fighting+covid+virus&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1C_L1jZM2DtPGgAcAB4AIAB9wGIAaAIkgEFMi4xLjOYAQCgA
QGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=8hjsXrP4OI3E0wTG9IzQDw&bih=640&biw=1344#imgrc=M_C72GYc4Z4OqM&imgdii=Qx
WwvXWcdZvyrM)

Being able to decide and express that you agree or disagree on

something are quite important regardless if you’re establishing a stand in a
debate, writing an essay or more importantly, dealing on your own thoughts
about a person or an issue in your life. In the skill of writing and speaking,
the words and expressions of affirming and negating will help you come up
with a clear point in delivering your ideas. In doing so, Modals play a big part
as to how your thoughts can be definite.

A modal is a verb that combines with another verb to indicate

mood or tense. A modal, also known as a modal auxiliary or modal verb,
expresses necessity, uncertainty, possibility, or permission.

In English grammar, looking closely at the items inside the table earlier,
the terms should and must are used. These are some of the modals that we
commonly use whether in writing or speaking.

The modal should expresses either permission or necessity while

the modal must also indicates necessity but in a stronger note.

Let’s take an example.

‘’You should wear facemask when you’re going to a public place’’. The part that
says ‘’should wear’’ shows a positive idea or something that we can
practically consider. In this sense, the idea of affirming comes.
Now what is affirming?

Affirming or affirmation is the confirmation that something is true

or valid.

Considering that pandemic state of our nation at the present time, wearing a
facemask proves to be valid and correct.

On the other hand, citing the example from the DON’Ts which says ‘’You
should not go to public places if not highly necessary’’ reflects the counterpart
of affirmation which is Negation.

What is negation or negating?

Negating or negation is the act of denying that an idea or statement

is true or valid. Other modals which can be subjected for affirming or
negating functions are can, may, shall, might, could, will and would.

The modal ‘’should’’ in this given example is followed by the term

‘’not’’. Once we add the word ‘’not’’ to a modal just like ‘’should not’’ or
‘’must not’’, it automatically becomes an expression of negation.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
Use the correct modal for each statement. Underline your answer.

1. The government (can, cannot) flatten the curve if the public will not
follow health and safety protocols.
2. Health and safety standards like frequent handwashing (must, mustn’t)
be followed during a pandemic.
 3. You (should, shouldn’t) always assume that you can’t be infected by the
deadly virus even when you think that you are fit and healthy.
4. The sacrifices that health workers are making in safeguarding the
public from the virus (should, should not) serve as a reminder that the
situation calls for everybody’s cooperation.
5. Health risks (can, cannot) justify any irresponsible actions during a
pandemic.

Activity 2
Directions: Write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false.
Write the answer on the space before the number.

________1. Modals are considered as linking verbs.

________2. Using ‘’not’’ indicates that a word or expression is under negation.
________3. Modals can express ability and permission.
________4. Affirming confirms that a statement or idea is incorrect.
________5. In the sentence ‘’We must do our part in helping the government.’’
the modal ‘’must’’ implies obligation.

Activity 3
Directions: Compose a short narrative on how your community or
neighborhood copes with the ongoing community quarantine. Use modals in
affirming and negating forms. Give it your own title. Do this activity on a sheet
of paper.

Criteria Exemplary Accomplished Developing

(3) (2) (1)
Use of modals Expression of Expression of There is no modal
that affirmation/ negation affirmation/ used to express
affirm/negate is clear through negation is affirmation/
appropriate modals somewhat weak negation
Organization The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas are
of thoughts organized and organized in scattered.
coherence is achieved some of the parts
of the essay
Creativity The essay has its own The essay has The essay has no
style and being lifted style and unique style and
employed with literary being employed being employed
devices and techniques with only 3-4 with only 1 literary
literary devices devices and
and techniques techniques

WRAP-UP

Using the provided space, list down at least 3 things that you learned
from the lesson.

1) _________________________________________________

2) _________________________________________________

3) _________________________________________________

VALUING

Under this period of pandemic, what are the things that you can still
affirm or feel positive about especially through and with the Filipino spirit?
How about the negative things you observe? How can you help the community
in your own way? Write your responses in the provided space below.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

Directions: Complete the following sentences by supplying the correct

modal. Derive your answers from the given word pool. Write the letter of the
answer on the space before the number.

A. can’t B. will C. must D. can

E. may not

1. We _____obey the government’s protocols in order to lessen the COVID-

19 cases.
2. With enough diligence, hope and unity, our nation ____ survive from
this pandemic crisis.
3. On the other hand, the government’s efforts _____ help us if we will not
be cooperative.
4. Wearing face mask ____ guarantee us safety if we have poor hygiene.
5. Constantly washing our hands and practicing social distancing ______
lessen the possibility of being infected by the virus.
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. D 5. T 5. cannot 5. C
4. E 4. T 4. should 4. A
3. A 3. T 3. shouldn’t 3. C
2. B 2. T 2. must 2. B
1. C 1. F 1. cannot 1. A
Posttest Activity 2 Activity 1 Pretest

References

Online / Electronic Sources

Carlson, Stephanie, “Advice from a Doctor: Corona Virus Do’s & Don’ts”
https://www.9healthfair.org/news/coronavirus-covid-19/
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/affirmation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation