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    Staph - 2020 Nov - P

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    HUỲNH QUỐC KHÁNH
    The document discusses common pathogenic cocci, focusing on Staphylococcus aureus. It describes the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of S. aureus, and lists its virulence factors and related clinical presentations. The document also mentions antibiotic resistance in S. aureus.

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    Staph - 2020 Nov - P

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    HUỲNH QUỐC KHÁNH
    11 views14 pages
    The document discusses common pathogenic cocci, focusing on Staphylococcus aureus. It describes the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of S. aureus, and lists its virulence factors and related clinical presentations. The document also mentions antibiotic resistance in S. aureus.

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    The document discusses common pathogenic cocci, focusing on Staphylococcus aureus. It describes the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of S. aureus, and lists its virulence factors and related clinical presentations. The document also mentions antibiotic resistance in S. aureus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views14 pages

    Staph - 2020 Nov - P

    Uploaded by

    HUỲNH QUỐC KHÁNH
    The document discusses common pathogenic cocci, focusing on Staphylococcus aureus. It describes the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of S. aureus, and lists its virulence factors and related clinical presentations. The document also mentions antibiotic resistance in S. aureus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Common Pathogenic Cocci

    Cocci

    Gram Gram
    positive negative

    Staphylococci Streptococci
    Neisseria
    (tụ cầu) (liên cầu)

    Pneumococcus Gonococcus Meningococcus


    (phế cầu) (lậu cầu) (não mô cầu)
    Objectives

    1/ Differentiate two genera of the most important Gram-


    positive cocci.
    2/ Recognize the differences between Staphyloccus aureus
    and other staphylococci.
    3/ Describe the microscopic aspect and the bacterial
    characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus.
    4/ Name the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus and
    their related clinical pictures.
    5/ Discuss the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus
    aureus.
    Common Pathogenic Cocci
    Gram-positive Cocci

    Catalase

    + -

    Coagulase Streptococci
    - Enterococci
    Non-coagulase Staphylococci
    +
    Staphylococcus aureus
    Micrococcus
    Common pathogenic Staphylococci

    ◼ Coagulase positive: Staphylococcus aureus

    ◼ Non-coagulase: Staphylococcus epidermidis


    & other staphylococci
    Staphylococcus aureus

    ◼ Bacterial characteristics:
    ▪ Gram + cocci, forms cluster (bunch of grapes)
    ▪ facultative anaerobic, not mobile, spore absent.
    ▪ catalase +, coagulase +, ferments glucose, mannitol.
    ▪ tolerant of high-salt concentration.
    ▪ yellow colonies, complete hemolytic on sheep blood agar.
    ▪ ubiquitous organisms on skin, in nares, mucous
    membrane…
    Microscopic & macroscopic shape
    Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity

    - Food poisoning (ngộ độc thức ăn)


    - Suppurative infections: folliculitis, impetigo, furuncle, carbuncle
    (mưng mủ: viêm nang long, chốc, nhọt, cụm nhọt)
    - Surgical site infection (nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ)
    - Pneumonia, empyema (viêm phổi, mủ màng phổi)
    - Bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis (nhiễm khuẩn huyết,
    viêm nội tâm mạc, viêm xương-tủy xương)
    - Septic arthritis (viêm khớp nhiễm độc máu)
    - Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (hội chứng tróc da)
    - Shock due to toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (sốc do độc tố)
    Virulence factors (structural components)

    - Capsule: inhibits chemotaxis & phagocytosis.


    - Slime: falicitates adherence to foreign bodies.
    - Peptidoglycan: provides osmotic stability; attracts
    leucocyte (abscess formation); inhibits phagocytosis.
    - Teichoic acid: binds to fibronectin.
    Virulence factors (exotoxins)

    - Cytotoxins: toxic for erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets,


    macrophages, & fibroblasts.
    - Exfoliative toxin: causes staphylococcal scalded skin
    syndrome (SSSS).
    - Enterotoxin: increases intestinal peristalsis & fluid loss.
    - Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1: produces cellular
    destruction of endothelial cells.
    Virulence factors (enzymes)

    - Coagulase: converts fibrinogen to fibrin.


    - Hyaluronidase: hydrolyses hyaluronic acid in connective
    tissue; promotes spread of staphylococci.
    - Fibrinolysin: dissolves fibrin clots.
    - Lipases: hydrolyse lipids.
    - Nucleases: hydrolyse DNA.
    Nhọt

    Mụn đầu đen

    Áp xe da Viêm da mủ
    Viêm mô tế bào
    (cellulitis)

    Hội chứng tróc da (SSSS)


    Ngộ độc thức ăn (food poisoning)
    MRSA
    (methicillin-resistant Staph aureus)

    ◼ Resistant to: penicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin,


    methicillin, & other β-lactams
    ◼ HA-MRSA (health-care-associated MRSA)
    ◼ CA-MRSA (community-associated MRSA)
    Summary

    • Staphylococcus aureus are the Gram-positive cocci


    that cause various infections due to their extracellular
    toxins and enzymes.
    • Important pathogens in healthcare-associated
    infections.
    • Tedious pathogens due to their resistance against
    antibiotics.

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