Abhi333 Dbms

A MICRO PROJECT ON " E-R diagram
Introduction of E-R diagram:
An Entity Relationship Diagram is a diagram that represents

relationships among entities in a database. It is commonly known as an ER
Diagram. An ER Diagram in DBMS plays a crucial role in designing the
database. Today’s business world previews all the requirements demanded by
the users in the form of an ER Diagram. Later, it's forwarded to the database
administrators to design the database.
1.Aims/Benefits of the micro project:

Database Management Systems (DBMS) are vital components of
modern information systems.
Database applications are pervasive and range in size from small in-memory
databases to terra
bytes or even larger in various application domains. The course focuses on the
fundamentals of
knowledgebase and relational database management systems, and the current
developments in
database theory and their practice.
2. Course outcome addressed:

a. Design a Normalized database on given data.
b. Create and Manage the Database using SQL command.
c. Write PL/SQL code for a given database.
d. Apply triggers to ob database and also create procedures and
functions according to condition.
e. Apply security and confidentiality on the given Database.
3. Proposed methodology:
1. Focused on the selection of an appropriate topic for the micro-project.
2. Select the topic i.e. To Prepare a report on the E-R diagram.
3. Brief study on our topic.
4. Gather all information based on the topic of the micro project
4. Resources used:
Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity
1 Computer System 8 GB RAM, Windows 10 OS 1
2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia
1
3 textbook/manual DBMS Data Management System
Micro-Project Report
1. Brief Introduction/Rationale:
An Entity–relationship model (ER model) defines the structure
of a database with the aid of a diagram, which is known as an Entity
Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram). An ER model is a design or blueprint of a
database that can later be executed as a database. The major components of the
E-R model are the entity set and relationship set.
What is an Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram)?

An ER diagram displays the relationship among entity sets. An
entity set is a group of identical entities and these entities can have attributes. In
terms of DBMS, an entity is a table or attribute of a table in the database, so by
showing the relationship among tables and their attributes, ER diagram
illustrates the complete logical structure of a database. Let's have a look at a
simple ER diagram to comprehend this concept.
A simple ER Diagram:
In the following diagram, we have two entities Student and

College, and their relationship. The relationship between Student and College is
many to one as a college can have numerous students however a student cannot
study in numerous colleges at the same time. Student entity has attributes such
as Stu_Id, Stu_Name & Stu_Addr and College entity has attributes such as
Col_ID & Col_Name.
Here are the geometric shapes and their significance in an E-R

Diagram:
Rectangle: Describes Entity sets.

Ellipses: Attributes
Diamonds: Relationship Set
Lines: They link attributes to Entity Sets and Entity sets to Relationship Set
Double Ellipses: Multivalued Attributes
Dashed Ellipses: Derived Attributes
Double Rectangles: Weak Entity Sets
Double Lines: Total participation of an entity in a relationship set
Elements of an ER Diagram:
As displayed in the above diagram, an ER diagram has three

major components:
1. Entity
2. Attribute
3. Relationship
1. Entity:
An entity is an object or element of data. An entity is described as a
rectangle in an ER diagram.
For example: In the following ER diagram we have two entities Student and
College and these two entities have many to one relationship as many students
study in a single college. We will read more about relationships later, but for
now, concentrate on entities.
Weak Entity:
An entity that cannot be uniquely determined by its own attributes and
relies on the relationship with another entity is called a weak entity. The weak
entity is defined by a double rectangle. For example bank account cannot be
uniquely determined without knowing the bank to which the account belongs,
so bank account is a weak entity.
2. Attribute:
An attribute defines the property of an entity. An attribute is
expressed as an Oval in an ER diagram. There are four kinds of attributes:
1. Key attribute
2. Composite attribute
3. Multivalued attribute
4. Derived attribute
1. Key attribute:
A key attribute can uniquely recognize an entity from an entity

set. For example, student roll numbers can uniquely determine a student from a
set of students. The key attribute is defined by an oval same as other attributes
however the text of the key attribute is highlighted.
2. Composite attribute:
An attribute that is a mixture of other attributes is known as a
composite attribute. For example, In a student entity, the student address is a
composite attribute as an address is composed of other attributes such as pin
code, state, and country.
3. Multivalued attribute:
An attribute that can carry multiple values is known as a
multivalued attribute. It is described with double ovals in an ER Diagram. For
example – A person can have more than one phone number so the phone
number attribute is multivalued.
4. Derived attribute:
A derived attribute is one whose value is dynamic and derived
from another attribute. It is defined by a dashed oval in an ER Diagram. For
example – A person's age is a derived attribute as it varies over time and can be
derived from another attribute (Date of birth).
E-R diagram with multivalued and derived attribute

3. Relationship:
A relationship is described by a diamond shape in ER diagram,

which indicates the relationship among entities. There are four kinds of
relationships:
1. One to One
2. One to Many
3. Many to One
4. Many to Many
1. One-to-One Relationship:
When a single instance of an entity is associated with a single

instance of another entity then it is called one to one relationship. For
example, a person has only one passport and a passport is given to one
person.
2. Actual Resources Use:
Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity
1 Computer System 8 GB RAM, Windows 10 OS 1
2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia
3 textbook/manual DBMS 22319 1
3. Skill Developed:
1. Teamwork
2. Communication skills
3. Able to get all information about ER Diagram
 Conclusion:
An entity-relationship diagram, or ER diagram, is important for
modeling the data held in a database. It is the basic design upon which a
database is built. ER diagrams identify what data we will store: the entities and
their attributes. They also illustrate how entities relate to other entities.

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A MICRO PROJECT ON " E-R diagram

Introduction of E-R diagram:

An Entity Relationship Diagram is a diagram that represents

1.Aims/Benefits of the micro project:

2. Course outcome addressed:

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

1 Computer System 8 GB RAM, Windows 10 OS 1

2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia

What is an Entity Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram)?

In the following diagram, we have two entities Student and

Here are the geometric shapes and their significance in an E-R

Rectangle: Describes Entity sets.

As displayed in the above diagram, an ER diagram has three

A key attribute can uniquely recognize an entity from an entity

E-R diagram with multivalued and derived attribute

A relationship is described by a diamond shape in ER diagram,

When a single instance of an entity is associated with a single

2. Actual Resources Use:

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

1 Computer System 8 GB RAM, Windows 10 OS 1

2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia

3 textbook/manual DBMS 22319 1

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