05 - Example Sway Stability

Example: Sway stability
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SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson
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This example deals with design for global instability of frames, or sway stability. The frame considered is a non-braced two-storey building frame.. A two-storey building is considered in this example according to the figure below. The spacing between the frames in the building is s = 10 m.
[m]
3,5
Created on Friday, September 25, 2009 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
3,5
7,0
7,0
All connections are designed as rigid according to the figure below.
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Frame data: Outer columns HEA 200 S355 Second moment of area Inner columns HEA 220 S355 Second moment of area Upper beams IPE 400 S355 Second moment of area Lower beams IPE 450 S355 Second moment of area Loads: The following loads are considered on the structure. Permanent loads: Slab Floor finishes Steel Partition walls Suspended ceiling Installations Roof and insulation Live loads: Indoor live load Snow Wind, windward Wind, leeward Load factors: G = 1,35 Q = 1,5 (permanent loads) (variable loads) (live load and snow load) EN 1990 q = 2,5 kN/m2 qsnow = 1,0 kN/m2 qwind1 = 0, 5 0, 75 = 0, 375 kN/m2 qwind2 = 0, 5 0, 4 = 0, 2 kN/m2 gslab = 4,0 kN/m2 gffin = 0,8 kN/m2 gs = 0,3 kN/m2 gW = 0,5 kN/m2 gsc = 0,2 kN/m2 gI = 0,2 kN/m2 groof = 0,4 kN/m2 I y = 33740 104 mm4 I y = 23130 104 mm4 I y = 5410 104 mm4 I y = 3692 104 mm4
0 = 0,7
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Design loads: The design loads are calculated with the wind load as the principal load.
q1 = ( G ( g roof + gslab + g s + g I + gsc ) + Q 0 qsnow ) s = 82,1 kN/m
EN1990 6.4.3.2
q2 = ( G ( g ffin + g W + gslab + g s + g I + g sc ) + Q 0 q ) s =107,3kN/m (6.10)
qw1 = 1, 5 qwind1 s = 5,6 kN/m qw 2 = 1, 5 qwind2 s = 3,0 kN/m In the figure below the structure is shown with these design loads.
qw1 q1 qw2
q2
Check if sway imperfections can be disregarded. H Ed 0,15 VEd H Ed = ( qw1 + qw 2 ) h = (5, 6 + 3, 0) 7 = 60,2 kN VEd = ( q1 + q2 ) L = (82,1 + 107, 3) 14 = 2651,6 kN H Ed = 60, 2 < 0,15 2651, 6 = 398 = 0,15 VEd Sway imperfections have to be taken into account.
EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (4)B
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Calculate global initial sway imperfections.
EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (3)
= 0 h m
0 =
1 200
h =
2 h
where h is the height of the structure in m
m = 0, 5 1 +
=
1 where m is the number of columns in a row m
1 2 1 0, 5 1 + = 3, 09 103 200 7, 0 3 EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (7)
Calculate the equivalent horizontal forces, H1 and H2, due to the sway imperfections:
H1 q1
H2
q2
H1 + H2
H1 = q1 L = 3, 09 103 82,1 14 = 3,55 kN H 2 = q2 L = 3, 09 103 107, 3 14 = 4,64 kN
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Determine sensitivity to sway, cr: There are several different ways to calculate the cr. One is to use the method See NCCI given in EN 1993-1-1 5.2.1 (4)B described first below. Another is to perform SN001 a buckling analysis in a finite element package. This will also be described and used below. The influence from sway can be neglected if the following criterion is fulfilled. EN 1993-1-1 F cr = cr 10 5.2.1 (3) FEd Check the sensitivity to sway for each storey: EN 1993-1-1 5.2.1 Eq. (5.2) See NCCI SN001 EN 1993-1-1 Figure 5.1
cr =
H Ed h VEd H,Ed
HEd VEd
is the horizontal force. In this example only the equivalent horizontal force is used. is the total design vertical load on the structure on the bottom of the storey. is the horizontal displacement at the top of the storey due to the applied horizontal loads. is the storey height.
H,Ed
h
The displacements on each storey due to the applied equivalent horizontal loads are calculated by means of a frame analysis software. The displacements, H,Ed1 and H,Ed2, are shown in the figure below.
H,Ed1
H1
H,Ed2
H2
H,Ed1 = 0,69 mm H,Ed2 = 1,23 mm
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Total vertical load on the two storeys: VEd1 = q1 L = 82,1 14 = 1149,4 kN VEd2 = q2 L = 107, 3 14 = 1502,2 kN cr for the upper storey:
H1 h 3, 55 3500 = =15,66 > 10 VEd1 H,Ed1 1149, 4 0, 69
cr =
cr for the lower storey:
cr =
H1 + H 2 h 3, 55 + 4, 64 3500 = = 8,79 < 10 VEd1 + VEd2 H,Ed2 1149, 4 + 1502, 2 1, 23
The sway effects cannot be neglected for this frame.

The second alternative is to use a finite element package for determining cr. In this case only the vertical loads are considered as concentrated to the joints of the frame according to the figure below.
VEd1o VEd1i VEd1o
VEd2o
VEd2i
VEd2o
From a buckling analysis the cr can be directly determined.
cr = 7,51 < 10
Hence, the sway effects cannot be neglected.
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As can be seen the different methods gives different results. The finite element analysis should give the most correct results since the equation from EN 1993-1-1 is a simplification. In this case it gives a conservative result because the columns are uniform and the upper part has less load than the lower part. However, for large cr values the difference in the contribution from the sway on the frame is rather small. In this example the cr from the finite element analysis will be used. Determine if local bow imperfections have to be considered Local bow imperfections should be considered if the following two conditions EN 1993-1-1 are met: 5.3.2(6) at least one moment resistant joint at one member end and
> 0, 5
A fy N Ed
where NEd is the design value of the compression force and

A fy N cr
EN 1993-1-1 is the in-plane non-dimensional slenderness calculated for the member considered as hinged at its ends 6.3.1.2(1)
The conditions can be reformulated as follows:

A fy N cr > 0, 5 A fy N Ed
N Ed > 0, 25 N cr For the columns the buckling loads assuming hinged ends are: Outer columns, HEA 200 N cr = 2 E I 2 210000 3692 104 = = 6247 kN l2 35002 2 E I 2 210000 5410 104 = = 9153 kN l2 35002
Inner columns, HEA 220 N cr =
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The member that carries the highest normal force is the lower part of the outer column and the middle column. The normal force in the outer column, lower part, according to first order analysis NEd = 568 kN N Ed = 568 kN < 1562 kN = 0, 25 N cr The normal force in the inner column, lower part, according to first order analysis NEd =1533 kN N Ed = 1533 kN < 2288 kN = 0, 25 N cr Since this two members do not meet the condition then no other member will and hence, the bow imperfections does not have to be considered.
Select method of allowing for sway effects The second order sway effects may be calculated according to first order theory if the horizontal loads, i.e. wind, and equivalent horizontal loads are increased by the factor:
1 1 1 cr
EN 1993-1-1 5.2.2(5)B & (6)B
provided that cr 3, 0 In this case cr = 7,51 and hence, this method can be used. The following loads will be considered in the first order analysis:
H1a qw1a
9 10
q1
qw2a
H2a
7 8
q2
The numbers are the member numbers.
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Where the horizontal loads marked with a are increased by the factor
1 1 = = 1,15 1 1 cr 1 1 7, 51
i.e. H1a = 1,15 3, 55 = 4,08 kN H 2a = 1,15 4, 64 = 5,34 kN qw1a = 1,15 5, 6 = 6,44 kN/m
a , y c
qw2a = 1,15 3, 0 = 3,45 kN/m Member design forces for the frame: In the table below the design forces for all members are shown. For shear force and moment the two values corresponds to the two ends of the columns and the beams. The first value for the columns is for the lower end and the second is for the upper end and for the beams the first value is for the left end and the second is for the right end. Member 1 2 NEd [kN] 546,9 238,3 1533,1 668,4 570,9 242,7 16,0 33,3 69,5 59,9 0,95 42,9 26,9 9,6 50,8 72,0 308,6 422,5 238,3 332,0 VEd [kN] 21,6 65,4 26,9 9,6 38,7 59,9 442,1 328,2 336,4 242,7 MEd [kNm] 6,0 86,0 48,4 16,3 67,5 114,0 128,2 533,3 103,5 429,5 42,2 103,5 45,8 17,3 89,1 116,8 595,4 203,2 446,8 116,8
d r n r i F a l i i
3
o e
4 5 6
d a
7
e m
8 9 10
C T
r h
e i
a s
Example: Sway stability SX008a-EN-EU.doc
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RESOURCE TITLE Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK 2. France 3. Sweden
Sway stability
Company SBI SBI
Date 30/04/2005 18/05/2005
Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson
G W Owens A Bureau A Olsson C Muller J Chica G W Owens
SCI CTICM SBI RWTH Labein SCI
7/7/05 17/8/05 8/8/05 10/8/05 12/8/05 21.05.06
4. Germany 5. Spain Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made and checked by: Translated resource approved by:

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Example: Sway stability

Document Ref: Title

SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

April 2005 July 2005

Example: Sway stability

All connections are designed as rigid according to the figure below.

Example: Sway stability

Document Ref: Title

SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

April 2005 July 2005

Example: Sway stability

Document Ref: Title

SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

April 2005 July 2005

q2 = ( G ( g ffin + g W + gslab + g s + g I + g sc ) + Q 0 q ) s =107,3kN/m (6.10)

EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (4)B

Example: Sway stability

Document Ref: Title

SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

April 2005 July 2005

Calculate global initial sway imperfections.

EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (3)

where h is the height of the structure in m

1 where m is the number of columns in a row m

1 2 1 0, 5 1 + = 3, 09 103 200 7, 0 3 EN 1993-1-1 5.3.2 (7)

H1 = q1 L = 3, 09 103 82,1 14 = 3,55 kN H 2 = q2 L = 3, 09 103 107, 3 14 = 4,64 kN

Example: Sway stability

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SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

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H,Ed1 = 0,69 mm H,Ed2 = 1,23 mm

Example: Sway stability

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SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

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April 2005 July 2005

cr for the lower storey:

H1 + H 2 h 3, 55 + 4, 64 3500 = = 8,79 < 10 VEd1 + VEd2 H,Ed2 1149, 4 + 1502, 2 1, 23

The sway effects cannot be neglected for this frame.

From a buckling analysis the cr can be directly determined.

Example: Sway stability

Document Ref: Title

SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

April 2005 July 2005

where NEd is the design value of the compression force and

The conditions can be reformulated as follows:

Inner columns, HEA 220 N cr =

Example: Sway stability

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SX008a-EN-EU Example: Sway stability EN 1993-1-1 Jonas Gozzi Bernt Johansson

Eurocode Ref Made by Checked by

April 2005 July 2005

EN 1993-1-1 5.2.2(5)B & (6)B