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    Chapter 4

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    wednesday262626
    The document discusses inline functions in C++. An inline function is expanded at the call site instead of being called like a regular function, reducing overhead. It provides an example and lists advantages like reduced function call overhead and faster execution. It also lists situations where a function may not be inlined, like large functions or those with control structures, virtual functions, recursion, or I/O. The document also discusses function overloading using examples of calculating volumes of cubes, cylinders and spheres. It explains friend functions with an example and lists two properties. It provides questions for further discussion.

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    Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    wednesday262626
    19 views3 pages
    The document discusses inline functions in C++. An inline function is expanded at the call site instead of being called like a regular function, reducing overhead. It provides an example and lists advantages like reduced function call overhead and faster execution. It also lists situations where a function may not be inlined, like large functions or those with control structures, virtual functions, recursion, or I/O. The document also discusses function overloading using examples of calculating volumes of cubes, cylinders and spheres. It explains friend functions with an example and lists two properties. It provides questions for further discussion.

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    The document discusses inline functions in C++. An inline function is expanded at the call site instead of being called like a regular function, reducing overhead. It provides an example and lists advantages like reduced function call overhead and faster execution. It also lists situations where a function may not be inlined, like large functions or those with control structures, virtual functions, recursion, or I/O. The document also discusses function overloading using examples of calculating volumes of cubes, cylinders and spheres. It explains friend functions with an example and lists two properties. It provides questions for further discussion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    19 views3 pages

    Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    wednesday262626
    The document discusses inline functions in C++. An inline function is expanded at the call site instead of being called like a regular function, reducing overhead. It provides an example and lists advantages like reduced function call overhead and faster execution. It also lists situations where a function may not be inlined, like large functions or those with control structures, virtual functions, recursion, or I/O. The document also discusses function overloading using examples of calculating volumes of cubes, cylinders and spheres. It explains friend functions with an example and lists two properties. It provides questions for further discussion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 3

    Chapter 4:

    1. Describe inline function in C++ with example. Give its advantage ,


    List some situations where
    inline function may not work.

    ->>>>>An inline function is a function that is


    expanded in place at each point in the code where
    it is called, rather than being called like a regular
    function. It is used to improve the performance of a program
    by reducing the function call overhead.

    Syntax:To declare a function as inline, you use the inline


    keyword before the function declaration.
     Ex:
    inline int square(int x) { return x * x; }
    int main()
    {
    cout << "Square: " << square(5);
    return 0;
    }

    Advantages:
     Does not require function calling overhead.(i.e Reduction in Function Call
    Overhead)
     Saves time
     Less execution time(i.e faster execution of code.)
    Disadvantage/Limitations:
    Requires more memory.

    The compiler may not perform inlining in such circumstances as:

     Large Functions: If a function is large


     Control structures: If a function contains a loop. (for, while and do-while) and
    switch or goto statement.
     Virtual Functions: If a function contains static variables and virtual functions.
     Recursive Functions: If a function is recursive.
     I/O Operations: Functions involving I/O operations or system calls

    2. Write a program to calculate the volume of different shapes like cube, cylinder
    and sphere and
    hence implement the concept of function overloading.

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    const double PI = 3.142;

    double Volume(float side) {


    return side * side * side;
    }

    double Volume(double radius, double height)


    {
    return PI * radius * radius * height;
    }

    double Volume(double radius) {


    return (4.0 / 3.0) * PI * radius * radius *
    radius;
    }
    int main() {
    float side=3.0; double radius=2.0, height=4.12;
    cout << "\nVolume of the cube: " <<
    Volume(side);

    // Volume of a cylinder
    cout << "\nVolume of the cylinder: " <<
    Volume(radius, height);

    // Volume of a spher
    cout << "\nVolume of the sphere: " <<
    Volume(radius) ;

    return 0;
    }

    3. Explain Friend function with example. Enlist any 2 properties of friend


    function.
    -->>>>>Friend Function

    Friend function is declared using the friend keyword


    that is not a member of a class but is granted access to
    the private and protected members of the class.
    Primary use of the friend keyword is to allow a function
    or class to access the private and protected members of
    another class.

    Properties of Friend Functions:


    Not a Member of the Class:

    A friend function is not a member function of the class for which it is declared as
    a friend.
    Can Access Private and Protected Members:

    A friend function has the privilege to access the private and protected members of
    the class for which it is a friend.
    Declared Inside the Class:

    The declaration of a friend function is done inside the class using the friend
    keyword.

    4. Explain a concept of call by reference with reference arguments for swapping of


    two integer
    numbers.
    5. What is Constructor?. What are the characteristics of a constructor?
    OR What are rules for declaring constructors?
    6. Explain copy constructor with suitable example.
    Or Constructor overloading with suitable example.
    7. What is Constructor and Destructor? Explain types of Constructor with example
    8. Define operator overloading? Discuss the rules for overloading operators.
    9. Give the general syntax for operator overloading function. List the operators
    cannot be
    overloaded?
    10. What is an operator overloading? Explain how to overload unary operator and
    binary operator.
    11. Write a program in C++ to overload unary minus operator.
    12. Write program in C++ to add two complex number by operator overloading binary '
    + ' operator
    and display the result.
    13. Explain Basic to class type conversion with example.

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