Math8 q4 Mod2 KSKSKW

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MATH8-Q4-MOD2 - Kskskw
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (Mabini National High School)
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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Applying Theorems on
Triangle Inequalities
CO_Q4_Mathematics 8_ Module 2

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Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2 Applying Theorems on Triangle Inequalities
First Edition, 2020
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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Triangle Inequalities

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the skills of applying theorems on triangle inequalities. You are provided with
varied activities to process the knowledge and skills learned and to deepen and
transfer your understanding of the lesson. The scope of this module enables you to
use it in many different learning situations. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module contains lesson on applying theorems on triangle inequalities

(M8GE-IVb-1).
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. demonstrate understanding about the theorems on triangle inequalities;
2. apply theorems on triangle inequalities to find measures of angles and sides
of a triangle; and
3. manifest appreciation in applying theorems on triangle inequalities to real-
life situations.
What I Know
Directions: Read and answer each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Carlos concluded that the longest side in 𝛥𝑀𝐴𝑃 is ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝑃 after finding that the angle
̅̅̅̅
opposite to 𝐴𝑃 is the largest angle. What theorem did Carlos use to make such
conclusion?
A. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (𝑆𝑠 → 𝐴𝑎)
B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (𝐴𝑎 → 𝑆𝑠)
C. Hinge Theorem or SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem
D. Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Triangle Inequality Theorem
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2. Liza, Kathryn, and Nadine were each given a 21-inch piece of stick. They were
instructed to create a triangle. Each stick was cut in their own chosen lengths as
follows: Liza - 6 𝑖𝑛, 7 𝑖𝑛, 8 𝑖𝑛; Kathryn - 4 𝑖𝑛, 6 𝑖𝑛, 11 𝑖𝑛; and Nadine - 3 𝑖𝑛, 5 𝑖𝑛, 13 𝑖𝑛.
Who among them was able to make a triangle?
A. Liza B. Nadine C. Kathryn D. All of them
For items 3 – 4, refer to ∆𝑷𝑬𝑵 below.

𝐸
11 𝑐𝑚 14 𝑐𝑚
𝑃 𝑁
18 𝑐𝑚
3. What is the largest angle?
A. ∠𝐸 B. ∠𝑁 C. ∠𝑃 D. Cannot be determined.
4. What is the smallest angle?

A. ∠𝐸 B. ∠𝑁 C. ∠𝑃 D. Cannot be determined.
𝐼
For items 5 – 7, consider the triangle ∆TIP at the right.
5. Which side of ∆𝑇𝐼𝑃 is the longest?

104°
̅̅̅
A. 𝑇𝐼 C. ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑃
̅̅̅
B. 𝐼𝑃 D. Cannot be determined. 33°
𝑇 𝑃
6. Which side of ∆𝑇𝐼𝑃 is the shortest?
̅̅̅
A. 𝑇𝐼 B. ̅̅̅
𝐼𝑃 ̅̅̅̅
C. 𝑇𝑃 D. Cannot be determined.
7. What theorem did you use in determining the longest and shortest side of ∆𝑇𝐼𝑃?
8. Which of the following lengths in cm are possible measures of the sides of a

triangle?
A. 1, 2, 3 B. 4, 5, 10 C. 5, 6, 7 D. 5, 9,15
9. Which of the following theorems will support your answer in number 8?

A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (𝑆𝑠 → 𝐴𝑎)
C. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑆1 + 𝑆2 > 𝑆3 )
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For items 10 – 12, consider the figure at the right.

𝐾
10. Which of the following statements is true?
A. 𝑚∠𝐾𝑁𝐼 = 𝑚∠𝑃𝐼𝑁. 𝑁
B. 𝑚∠𝐾𝑁𝐼 > 𝑚∠𝑃𝐼𝑁.
C. 𝑚∠𝐾𝑁𝐼 < 𝑚∠𝑃𝐼𝑁.
D. Cannot be determined. 𝐼
𝑃
11. Which of the following statements is true?
A. 𝑚∠𝑁𝑃𝐼 = 𝑚∠𝐼𝑁𝐾. C. 𝑚∠𝑁𝑃𝐼 < 𝑚∠𝐼𝑁𝐾.
B. 𝑚∠𝑁𝑃𝐼 > 𝑚∠𝐼𝑁𝐾. D. Cannot be determined.
12. What theorem did you apply to answer item numbers 10 and 11?
C. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑆1 + 𝑆2 > 𝑆3 )
13. The measures of the angles of ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 are as follows: 𝑚∠𝐷 = 2𝑥 + 30 ; 𝑚∠𝐸 = 2𝑥 +
50 ; and 𝑚∠𝐹 = 𝑥 – 80 . Arrange the sides in increasing order of length.
̅̅̅̅, 𝐸𝐹
A. 𝐷𝐸 ̅̅̅̅, 𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅, 𝐷𝐸
B. 𝐸𝐹 ̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹 C. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸, 𝐷𝐹 𝐸𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐷𝐸
D. 𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹
For items 14 – 15, consider the given ∆PET and ∆DOG below.
𝐸 𝑂
32° 48°
𝑃 𝑇 𝐷 𝐺
14. What can you conclude in the given figures?
A. |𝑃𝑇| = |𝐷𝐺| B. |𝑃𝑇| > |𝐷𝐺| C. |𝐷𝐺| < |𝑃𝑇| D. |𝐷𝐺| > |𝑃𝑇|
15. What theorem did you use to answer item number 14?
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Lesson
1 Triangle Inequalities
Have you ever thought of how artists use triangles in their artworks? Have
you ever wondered how builders, architects, and engineers use triangular features
in their designs? This module reveals the answers to these questions.
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What’s In
Activity: Find Our Connection
Directions: Connect the if-clause in Column A with the then-clause in Column B to

create a statement describing the theorem of triangle inequalities listed
in each item below. The first number is done for you. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
THEOREM COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Hinge Theorem If one side of a then the angle

or SAS triangle is longer opposite the longer
than a second side, side is larger than the
Inequality angle opposite the
Theorem If two sides of one shorter side.
triangle are
congruent to two then the third side of
2. Triangle sides of another the first triangle is
Inequality triangle, but the longer than the third
Theorem 1 included angle of the side of the second.
(Ss→Aa) first triangle is
greater than the
then the side
3. Exterior Angle included angle of the
opposite the larger
Theorem second,
angle is longer than
the side opposite the
4. Triangle smaller angle.
Inequality If one angle of a
Theorem 2 triangle is larger than
(Aa→Ss) a second angle, then the included
angle of the first
If the angle is triangle is larger
5. Converse of exterior, than the included
Hinge Theorem angle of the second.
or SSS
If the lengths of two
Inequality sides of a triangle
Theorem then its measure is
are added, greater than the
measure of either
6. Triangle If two sides of one remote interior angle
Inequality triangle are of a triangle.
Theorem 3 congruent to two
(S1 +S2 >S3) sides of another
then the sum of their
triangle, but the third
measures is greater
side of the first than the measure of
triangle is longer the third side.
than the third side of
the second,
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What’s New
Activity: Follow My Steps
Materials: broom stick, ruler, pen/pencil, cutter
Directions: Do as directed, then answer the questions that follow. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Prepare a stick measuring 12 inches. (Note: The figure is not drawn to scale.)
2. Using a cutter, cut the stick into parts measuring 3 inches, 4 inches, and 5
inches respectively.
1. 3 inches, 4 inches,
3. Position the sticks as shown in the illustration. Simultaneously move the two
shorter lengths up then down.
2. 3 inches, 4 inches,
Questions
1. What figure were you able to form?
2. Was there a chance that the shorter lengths (3 inches and 4 inches) met as
you moved them down
3. Can you still form the same figure if the sticks measure 2 inches, 3
inches, and 7 inches, respectively? Explain your answer.
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What is It
Theorems on triangle inequalities are categorized into two. These are the
inequalities in one triangle and inequalities in two triangles. For inequalities in one
triangle, the following theorems apply:
1. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (𝑆𝑠 → 𝐴𝑎)
2. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (𝐴𝑎 → 𝑆𝑠)
3. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑆1 + 𝑆2 > 𝑆3 )
4. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem.
On the other hand, inequalities in two triangles use either of these theorems:
1. Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality Theorem
2. Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa)
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle
opposite the longer side is larger than the angle opposite the shorter side.
Example 1
List down the angles of ∆𝐺𝑂𝑇 from greatest to least measure. (Note: The figure
is not drawn to scale.)
𝑂
6 7
𝐺 𝑇
8
Solution
In the figure, ̅̅̅̅
𝐺𝑇 is the longest side, thus, the angle opposite it which is ∠𝑂
,has the greatest measure. Since ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐺 is the shortest side, hence the angle opposite it
which is ∠𝑇, has the least measure.
Listing the angles of ∆𝐺𝑂𝑇 from greatest to least measure results to
∠𝑂, ∠𝐺, ∠𝑇.
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Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)
If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side
opposite the larger angle is longer than the side opposite the smaller angle.
[
Example 1
List down the sides of ∆𝐿𝑂𝐷 from longest to shortest. (Note: The figure is not
drawn to scale.)
𝑂
110°
40° 30°
𝐿 𝐷
Solution
Writing the angles from the largest to the smallest measure gives ∠𝑂 , ∠𝐿 ,
∠𝐷. Applying Triangle Inequality Theorem 2, it can be concluded that the longest
̅̅̅̅, 𝑂𝐷
side is 𝐿𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ is the second longest, and ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑂 is the shortest side.
Example 2
List down the sides of ∆𝐵𝐶𝐴 from the shortest to the longest measure. (Note:
The figure is not drawn to scale.)
𝐶 43° 63° 𝐴
Solution
The first thing to do is to find the unknown measure of ∠𝐵. Note that the sum
of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180⁰. To solve for the measure
of ∠𝐵, we use the equation 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐴 = 180°.
𝑚∠𝐵 + 43° + 63° = 180° Use Substitution

𝑚∠𝐵 + 106° = 180° Simplify
𝑚∠𝐵 + 106° − 106° = 180° − 106° Use Subtraction Property of
Equality
𝑚∠𝐵 + 0 = 180° − 106° Use Identity Property for Addition
𝑚 ∠𝐵 = 74° Simplify
Since ∠𝐵 has the greatest measure of 74°, it can be concluded that the side
opposite it which is ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 is the longest , followed by ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 since ∠𝐴 is the second
largest, and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 is the shortest side since ∠𝐶 has the least measure. Listing down
the sides of 𝛥𝐵𝐶𝐴 from shortest to longest measure gives ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅.
𝐵𝐶 , 𝐴𝐶
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Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 +S2 >S3)
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater

than the length of the third side.
Illustration
Consider ∆𝐸𝐹𝐺 as shown below, with 𝑒, 𝑓, and 𝑔 as the side lengths.
𝐹
𝑔 𝑒
𝐸 𝐺
𝑓
The triangle inequality theorem 3 states that :
i) 𝑓 + 𝑔 > 𝑒 ii) 𝑒 + 𝑔 > 𝑓 iii) 𝑒 + 𝑓 > 𝑔
To be able to form a triangle, each of the three inequalities must be true. If

one of these inequalities is false, then it is not possible for these lengths to form a
triangle. Consider the following examples.
Example 1
Check whether it is possible to form a triangle with lengths 13 cm, 14 cm,
and 22 cm.
Solution:
For 13 cm, 14 cm and 22 cm to be considered as side lengths of a triangle,

these should satisfy the inequality theorem (S1 +S2 >S3).
Hence,
13 + 14 > 22 13 + 22 > 14 14 + 22 > 13

𝟐𝟕 > 𝟐𝟐 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝟑𝟓 > 𝟏𝟒 True 𝟑𝟔 > 𝟏𝟑 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐞
All the three conditions are satisfied, therefore it is possible to form a

triangle with lenghts 13 cm, 14 cm, and 22 cm.
Example 2
Tell whether it is possible to form a triangle with lengths 2 cm, 8 cm, and 12
cm.
Solution
For 2 cm, 8 cm and 12 cm to be considered as side lengths of a triangle,
these should satisfy the inequality theorem (S1 +S2 >S3).
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Thus,
2 + 8 > 12 2 + 12 > 8 8 + 12 > 2
𝟏𝟎 > 𝟏𝟐 𝐅𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐞 𝟏𝟒 > 𝟖 True 𝟐𝟎 > 𝟐 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐞
One of the inequalities is false. Therefore, it is not possible to form a triangle

with lengths 2 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm.
Example 3
If two of the sides of a triangular frame measure 8 inches and 15 inches, find
the possible lengths of the third side 𝑥.
Solution
To find the possible lengths of the third side of the triangular frame, you can
use the formula:
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 < 𝑈𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 <
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠.
In the situation, the length of the third side is represented by the variable 𝑥.
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 < 𝑥 < 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
15 − 8 < 𝑥 < 15 + 8 Use Substitution
7 < 𝑥 < 23 Simplify
The third side can have length between 7 inches and 23 inches.
To check whether the length of the third side 𝑥 could be any value between 7
inches and 23 inches, choose one value in the interval and apply theTriangle
Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 +S2 >S3). Consider, 𝑥 = 10 inches.
8 + 15 > 10 8 + 10 > 15 15 + 10 > 8

𝟐𝟑 > 𝟏𝟎 True 𝟏𝟖 > 𝟏𝟓 True 𝟐𝟓 > 𝟖 True
Therefore, the length of the third side can be any value between 7 inches
and 23 inches.
Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than

the measure of either remote interior angles.
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Remember
Exterior Angle – an angle that forms a linear pair with one of the interior
angles of a triangle.
Remote Interior Angle - an angle of a triangle that is not adjacent to a
specified exterior angle.
Linear Pair Theorem – if two angles form a linear pair, then the two angles
are supplementary and adjacent.
Example 1
Given the figure below, name the following:
a. linear pair
b. exterior angle
c. remote interior angles of ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷
𝐴
𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
Solution:
a. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 and ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 form a linear pair.
b. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 is an exterior angle.
c. ∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵 are the remote interior angles of ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷.
Example 2
Consider the figure below. (Note: The figure is not drawn to scale.)
𝑆
𝑀
75°
45° 𝑅
𝐴
a. Find the measure of ∠𝑆𝑀𝑅.

b. Compare the measure of ∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 to the measure of each remote
interior angle of ∆𝐴𝑀𝑅 .
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Solution:
a. In the figure, notice that ∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 and ∠𝐴𝑀𝑅 form a linear pair. This means
that the sum of the measures of these angles is 180°. To find the 𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅,
𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝑀𝑅 = 180° Apply Linear Pair Theorem

𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 + 75° = 180° Use Substitution
𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 + 75° − 75° = 180° − 75° Use Subtraction Property of
Equality
𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 + 0 = 180° − 75° Use Identity Property for
Addition
𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 = 105° Simplify
Hence, 𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 = 105°.
b. Find the measure of ∠𝐴 of ∆𝐴𝑀𝑅.

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑀 + 𝑚∠𝑅 = 180°
𝑚∠𝐴 + 75° + 45° = 180° Use Substitution
𝑚∠𝐴 + 120° = 180° Simplify
𝑚∠𝐴 + 120° − 120° = 180° − 120° Use Subtraction Property of
Equality
𝑚∠𝐴 + 0 = 180° − 120° Use Identity Property for
Addition
𝑚∠𝐴 = 60° Simplify
In the figure, ∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 is an exterior angle which has a measure that is

greater than either measure of its remote interior angle, ∠𝐴 or ∠𝑅. In
symbols,
𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 > 𝑚∠𝐴 𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 > 𝑚∠𝑅

and
𝟏𝟎𝟓° > 𝟔𝟎° True 𝟏𝟎𝟓° > 𝟒𝟓° True
Further, adding the measures of these two remote interior angles will
give the measure of the exterior angle. In symbols,
𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑅 = 𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅

60° + 45° = 105°
Example 3
Situation: Four billiard balls are left on the table as shown below. Use the
expressions to determine the measure of the exterior angle. (Note: The figure is not
drawn to scale.)
12
lOMoARcPSD|40002885
𝑚∠𝐴 = 2𝑥 + 250
𝐵
𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑥 − 150
𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑥 + 100
𝐶
𝐴
𝐷
Solution:
(2𝑥 + 250 ) + (𝑥 − 150 ) + (𝑥 + 100 ) = 1800 Apply Sum of the Interior Angles of a
Triangle is 180°
(2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥) + (250 − 150 + 100 ) = 1800 Combine like terms
4𝑥 + 20 = 180° Simplify
4𝑥 + 200 − 200 = 180° − 200 Use Subtraction Property of Equality
4𝑥 + 0 = 160° Use Identity Property for
Addition
4𝑥 = 160° Simplify
1 1
4
4𝑥 = 4
160° Use Multiplication Property of
Equality
𝑥 = 40° Simplify
Now, substitute 𝑥 by its value in the given expressions.

𝑚∠𝐴 = 2𝑥 + 250 = 2(400 ) + 250 = 800 + 250 = 𝟏050
𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑥 − 150 = 400 − 150 = 250
𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑥 + 10 = 400 + 100 = 500
The measures of ∠𝐴, ∠𝐵 and ∠𝐶 are 105°, 25° and 50°, respectively.
To find the measure of the exterior angle, you can either do the following
solutions:
a. Sum of the measures of the remote interior angles
25° + 105° = 130°
b. Linear Pair Theorem

180° − 50° = 130°
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lOMoARcPSD|40002885
Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality

Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of a second
triangle, and the included angle in the first triangle is greater than the
included angle in the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer
than the third side of the second.
Example 1
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑌𝑍
Consider ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍. Describe the lengths of sides 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅.
(Note: The figure is not drawn to scale.)
𝑌
𝐴
45°
𝐵 𝐶 60°
𝑋 𝑍
Solution
As shown in the figure,sides ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 are congruent respectively to
sides 𝑌𝑋 and 𝑋𝑍 of ∆𝑋𝑌𝑍. Applying the Hinge Theorem, ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐶 is shorter than ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 since
̅̅̅̅
the opposite angle to 𝐴𝐶 which is ∠𝐵 has a smaller measure than ∠𝑋 which is
opposite to ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍.
Example 2
Situation: The figures below show two pairs of scissors of the same size in
two different positions. In which figure is the distance between the tips of the two
blades greater? Use the Hinge Theorem to justify your answer. (Note: The figure is
not drawn to scale.)
26°
50°
Figure 1 Figure 2
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Solution:
The distance between the tips of the two blades in Figure 1 is greater since
the angle opposite this side has a greater measure which is 50° as compared to that
in Figure 2 which is only 26°.
Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of a second

triangle, and the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of
the second, then the included angle in the first triangle is larger than the
included angle in the second triangle.
Example 1
Consider 𝛥𝑀𝑂𝑃 and 𝛥𝑄𝑅𝑆. Which angle is larger, ∠𝑀 or ∠𝑆?

𝑂
𝑄
16
9
𝑀 𝑃 𝑅 𝑆
Solution:
In the figure |𝑀𝑂| = |𝑆𝑄|, |𝑀𝑃| = |𝑆𝑅| and |𝑂𝑃| > |𝑄𝑅| or 16 > 9. Thus, by the
use of SSS Inequality Theorem, the measure of ∠𝑀 is greater than the measure of
∠𝑆.
Example 2
Situation: Apply the SSS Inequality Theorem to determine which figure has a
greater measure of the included angle. (Note: The figure is not drawn to scale.)
Figure 1 Figure 2
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Solution:
Applying the Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem makes

the angle opposite the 8-meter side length larger than the angle opposite the 5-
meter side length of a triangle. Thus, the included angle in Figure 1 has a greater
measure than the included angle in Figure 2.
What’s More
Let us deepen your understanding on triangle inequality theorems by

performing the following activities. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper. (Note: All figures are not drawn to scale.)
Activity 1
Directions: Arrange the angles of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 from greatest to least measure given the
lengths of its sides.
1. |𝐴𝐵| = 5 𝑐𝑚, |𝐵𝐶 | = 10 𝑐𝑚, |𝐴𝐶 | = 12 𝑐𝑚
2. |𝐵𝐴| = 10 𝑐𝑚, |𝐶𝐵| = 19 𝑐𝑚, |𝐶𝐴| = 11 𝑐𝑚
3. |𝐴𝐶 | = 7 𝑐𝑚, |𝐴𝐵| = 3 𝑐𝑚, |𝐵𝐶 | = 5 𝑐𝑚
Activity 2
A. Use the Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑆1 + 𝑆2 > 𝑆3 ) in determining whether the
following numbers in cm can be side lengths of a triangle. Put a check mark
(√) to indicate your answer.
Yes No
1) 9, 13, 20
2) 3, 4, 8
3) 4, 25, 30
B. Find the possible values for the length of the third side 𝑥 using the Triangle
Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑆1 + 𝑆2 > 𝑆3 ).
1) 14, 36 2) 8, 21 3) 13, 40
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Activity 3: tri-G L E (Greater than, Less than, or Equal)

Directions: Study the figure below and use >, <, or = to compare the measures of
angles and sides.
1. 𝑚∠𝑅 ______ 𝑚∠𝐴
𝑅
2. 𝑚∠𝑅𝐶𝐴 ______ 𝑚∠𝑅𝐴𝐶
40°
3. 𝑚∠𝐸𝐶𝐴 ______ 𝑚∠𝐶𝑅𝐴
𝐴 4. 𝑚∠𝐶𝐴𝑅 ______ 𝑚∠𝐸𝐶𝐴
75°
𝐶 5. 𝑚∠𝑅 + 𝑚∠𝐴_______𝑚∠𝐴𝐶𝐸
6. |𝑅𝐴| ______ |𝐶𝑅|
𝐸 7. |𝐴𝐶| ______ |𝐶𝑅|
Activity 4:
Directions: Consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
Situation: Anna and Leo start from the same point and decided to walk in
opposite directions. Anna walks 50 meters East then took another 30 meters
South. Leo walks 30 meters West. He then takes a right turn of 40° and walks
another 50 meters as shown in the figure below.
50 𝑚
40° 30 𝑚 50 𝑚
30 𝑚
Questions
1. Who is farther from the point where they started? Support your answer.
2. What theorem/s is/are applied in the situation?
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Activity 5:
Directions: Study the illustration and answer the questions that follow.
𝑦
𝑊𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡
105° 𝑥
Questions
1. In the illustration, which angle between 𝑥 and 𝑦 has a greater measure?
Support your answer.
2. What theorem/s is/are applied in the situation?
What I Have Learned
Let us synthesize the things that you’ve learned in this module by

performing the next activity. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
(Note: All figures are not drawn to scale.)
Directions: Give what is asked in each of the following figures.
A. 1. Which angle has the greatest

𝐵
12 measure?
𝐶 2. What theorem supports your
10
answer?
13 3. Arrange the angles of 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝐴 from least to greatest
measure.
18
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B.
𝑌 1. What is the measure of ∠𝑌 ?
2. Which segment is shortest?
longest?
3. What theorem justifies your
55° 35° answer in question 2?
𝑋 𝑍
C.
1. What is the range of possible
𝑥 measures of the third side 𝑥?
5 2. What theorem is applied in the
problem?
11
D.
1. Name the exterior angle.
𝐵 2. What is the measure of
85° ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷?
3. Compare the measure of the
exterior angle a) to the sum
30° of the measures of the
𝐴
𝐷 𝐶 remote interior angles, b) to
the measure of either remote
interior angle.
E. 1. What is the measure of

𝑃
∠𝑅𝑄𝑃 ?
2. Between ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅, which
is longer?
3. What theorem justifies your
answer?
85°
𝑂 𝑅
𝑄
F.
𝐶 𝑂 1. Between ∠𝐶 and ∠𝐺, which
𝑇
is larger?
2. What theorem supports your
answer?
32
30
𝐴 𝐷 𝐺
19
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What I Can Do
Directions: Read and analyze the given situation and answer the following
questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 1: Intersection Ahead!
Situation: Three roads intersect at certain points as illustrated in the figure below.
50°
𝑀 75° 𝑃 𝑅
Questions
1. What is the measure of ∠𝐴?
2. List down the angles of 𝛥𝑀𝐴𝑃 from least to greatest measure.
3. Arrange the sides of 𝛥𝑀𝐴𝑃 in ascending order.
4. Between 𝑀 and 𝐴, which intersection is closer to 𝑃?
5. List down the exterior angles found in the illustration.
6. Which of these exterior angles has a measure of 125°?
Activity 2: Time’s Up!
One of the real-life applications of Hinge Theorem is seen in clocks. In the

illustration below, each clock displays different time.
Directions: Observe each clock and answer the questions that follow.
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Questions
1. Do the lengths of the hands of the clock change as the time (hour) changes?
2. What do you observe about the measures of the angles formed by the hands
of the clock at different hours?
3. What affects the measure of the distance between the tips of the hands of
the clock? Explain.
Assessment
Directions: Read and answer each of the questions carefully. Write the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. (Note:
The figures are not drawn to scale.)
1. Which is always true about the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle?
A. It is less than the measure of its adjacent interior angle.
B. It is less than the measure of either remote interior angle.
C. It is greater than the measure of its adjacent interior angle.
D. It is greater than the measure of either remote interior angle.
2. Which of the following numbers of the same unit could represent the side
lengths of a triangle?
A. 1, 3, 5 C. 3, 6, 10
B. 2, 4, 5 D. 4, 5, 11
For items 3 – 5, refer to the ∆POD at the right.
3. Which is the largest angle? 𝑂

A. ∠𝐷
21 19
B. ∠𝑂
C. ∠𝑃 𝑃 𝐷
D. Cannot be determined 30
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4. Which is the smallest angle?

A. ∠𝐷 C. ∠𝑃
B. ∠𝑂 D. Cannot be determined.
5. What theorem is applicable in determining the smallest and largest angles of

∆𝑃𝑂𝐷?
A. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa)

B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)
For items 6 – 8, refer to ∆SAW at the right.

6. Which side of ∆𝑆𝐴𝑊 is the shortest? 𝑆
A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑆
̅̅̅̅̅
B. 𝑆𝑊
C. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝐴
85°
D. Cannot be determined 48° 𝑊
𝐴
7. Which side of ∆𝑆𝐴𝑊 is the longest?
A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑆 ̅̅̅̅̅
B. 𝑆𝑊 C. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝐴 D. Cannot be determined.
8. What theorem is applicable in determining the shortest and longest sides of

∆𝑆𝐴𝑊?
A. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa)
B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)
9. Which of the following could be a possible measure of the third side of the
triangle if the two sides measure 12 meters and 25 meters?
A. 11 meters B. 13 meters C. 28 meters D. 37 meters
10. Given below is ∆𝐴𝑅𝑇. List the sides from the longest to the shortest.
̅̅̅̅
𝑅
A. 𝐴𝑇, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑅 , ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑇
B. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑅 , 𝑇𝑅, 𝑇𝐴̅̅̅̅ 70°
C. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑇, 𝑅𝐴 𝑇𝐴
D. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐴, 𝑇𝑅 , 𝐴𝑅̅̅̅̅
𝐴 52° 58° 𝑇
22
lOMoARcPSD|40002885
For items 11 – 13, consider the figure below.
𝑅
105°
155°
𝐴 𝐸
𝐷
11. What is the measure of ∠𝐴 ?

A. 25° B. 50° C. 105° D. 155°
12. What is the measure of ∠𝐺𝑅𝐷 ?

A. 25° B. 75° C. 105° D. 155°
13. Which is the longest side of ∆𝑅𝐴𝐷?

̅̅̅̅
A. 𝐴𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
B. 𝐷𝐴 ̅̅̅̅
C. 𝑅𝐷 D. Cannot be determined.
14. What theorem supports this statement, “In an obtuse triangle, the longest side
is opposite the obtuse angle.”
15. You are asked to fence a triangular lot. Two sides of the lot have lengths 20
meters and 14 meters. What is the maximum whole number of meters of fence
do you possibly need?
A. 34 metersB. 35 meters C. 67 meters D. 68 meters
23
lOMoARcPSD|40002885
Additional Activities
Directions: Answer the following activities as indicated. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper.
Activity 1
In ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹, 𝑚∠𝐷 = 45°and the exterior angle ∠𝐸𝐹𝐺 measures 110°.
45° 110°
𝐷 𝐹 𝐺
Questions:
1. What is the measure of ∠𝐷𝐹𝐸 ?

2. Arrange the sides of 𝛥𝐷𝐸𝐹 from shortest to longest.
3. Suppose |𝐷𝐸| = 8 cm, |𝐸𝐹| = 4 cm, |𝐷𝐹 | = 11𝑐𝑚, arrange the angles of 𝛥𝐷𝐸𝐹
from largest to smallest.
4. What are the remote interior angles in the figure?
Activity 2
Refer to each figure below. Write an inequality relating the given pair of angle
measures or pair of segment measures.
a. b.
𝐴 𝐿
1 2
32° 𝐸
𝑂
35°
𝐶 𝐸 𝑉
15 𝑅 13
𝑚∠1 𝑚∠2 𝐿𝑂 𝑉𝑂
24
25
What I What’s In
Know What's New
2. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1. If one side of a triangle is
1. B
longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the longer Expected Answers:
2. A
side is larger than the angle opposite the shorter side.
3. A 1. Triangle
3. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem. The measure of an
4. B
exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either
5. C 2. Yes
remote interior angles.
6. B
4. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2. If one angle of a triangle is
7. B 3. No, the shorter legs
larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the larger
8. C will not meet.
angle is longer than the side opposite the shorter angle.
9. C
5. Converse of Hinge Theorem. If two sides of one triangle are
10. B
congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the third side of
11. C
12. A the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then
13. A the included angle of the first triangle is larger than the included
14. D angle of the second.
15. C 6. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3. The sum of the lengths of
any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third
side.
What’s More What I Have learned
Assessment
Activity 1 2. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 1. D
A. 1. ∠𝐵
2. B
3. B
1. ∠𝐵, ∠𝐴, ∠𝐶 3. ∠𝐶, ∠𝐴, ∠𝐵
4. C
B. 1. 90°
3. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2
2. ∠𝐴, ∠𝐵, ∠𝐶
Activity 2 5. A
3. ∠𝐵, ∠𝐴, ∠𝐶 ̅̅̅̅; Longest 𝑋𝑍
2. shortest 𝑋𝑌 ̅̅̅̅
A. 6. C
2. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3
1. Yes
c. 1. 6 < 𝑥 < 16
7. A
2. No
8. B
3. No
D. 1. ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷
B. 9. C
2. 115°
10. A
3. a. =, b. >
11. B
E. 1. 95°
3. Hinge Theorem
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅
12. B
1. 22 < 𝑥 < 50
2. Converse of Hinge Theorem 13. B
2. 13 < 𝑥 < 29
Activity 3
F. 1. < 6
14. B
3. 27 < 𝑥 < 53
15. C
1. <
What I Can Do
2. >
Activity 1
3. >
Additional Activities
4. <
Activity 1
5. = 1. 55°
6. > 2. ∠𝑃, ∠𝐴, ∠𝑀
Activity 4
7. < ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑀𝑃
3. 𝐴𝑀, ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅, 𝐴𝑃
1. Leo
1. 70°
4. 𝑀
2.Hinge Theorem
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹, 𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ , 𝐷𝐸
5. ∠𝑀𝐴𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑆𝑃𝑅
Activity 5 Activity 2
3. ∠𝐸, ∠𝐹, ∠𝐷
6. ∠𝑀𝐴𝑆
1. y 1. No
4. ∠𝐷, ∠𝐸
Activity 2
2. Converse of 2. Change
Hinge Theorem 3. angle, the smaller the
angle the shorter its
a. >
opposite side
b. <
Answer Key
lOMoARcPSD|40002885
lOMoARcPSD|40002885
References
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Bryant, Merden L., Cabrella, Jem Boy B. Caldez, Belen P.,
Callanta, Melvin M., Castro, Anastacia Preserfina I., Halabaso, Alicia R.,
Javier, Sonia P., Nocom, Roger T., and Ternida, Conception S. (2013). Grade
8 Mathematics Learners Module. pp. 390-408. Philippines. Book Media
Press, Inc. and Printwell, Inc.
Bernabe, Julieta G., et.al. (2009). Revised Edition Geometry, pp. 103-106, Gregoria
Araneta Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines. SD Publications, Inc.
Gabriel, J.L., Mallari, M.T.G. Mathematics for Grade 8. Quezon City, Philippines:
Educational Resources Corporation, 2017.
26
lOMoARcPSD|40002885
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (Mabini National High School)

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rochelle Anna Myla A. Paronda and Melody C. Gapa

Illustrator: Fritch A. Paronda

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Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

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What I Need to Know

This module contains lesson on applying theorems on triangle inequalities

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Carlos concluded that the longest side in 𝛥𝑀𝐴𝑃 is ̅̅̅̅

For items 3 – 4, refer to ∆𝑷𝑬𝑵 below.

4. What is the smallest angle?

5. Which side of ∆𝑇𝐼𝑃 is the longest?

8. Which of the following lengths in cm are possible measures of the sides of a

9. Which of the following theorems will support your answer in number 8?

For items 10 – 12, consider the figure at the right.

Activity: Find Our Connection

Directions: Connect the if-clause in Column A with the then-clause in Column B to

THEOREM COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Hinge Theorem If one side of a then the angle

Activity: Follow My Steps

Materials: broom stick, ruler, pen/pencil, cutter

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa)

Listing the angles of ∆𝐺𝑂𝑇 from greatest to least measure results to

∠𝑂, ∠𝐺, ∠𝑇.

Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)

𝑚∠𝐵 + 43° + 63° = 180° Use Substitution

Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 +S2 >S3)

The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater

To be able to form a triangle, each of the three inequalities must be true. If

For 13 cm, 14 cm and 22 cm to be considered as side lengths of a triangle,

13 + 14 > 22 13 + 22 > 14 14 + 22 > 13

All the three conditions are satisfied, therefore it is possible to form a

One of the inequalities is false. Therefore, it is not possible to form a triangle

8 + 15 > 10 8 + 10 > 15 15 + 10 > 8

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than

a. Find the measure of ∠𝑆𝑀𝑅.

𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝑀𝑅 = 180° Apply Linear Pair Theorem

Hence, 𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 = 105°.

b. Find the measure of ∠𝐴 of ∆𝐴𝑀𝑅.

In the figure, ∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 is an exterior angle which has a measure that is

𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 > 𝑚∠𝐴 𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅 > 𝑚∠𝑅

𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑅 = 𝑚∠𝑆𝑀𝑅

Now, substitute 𝑥 by its value in the given expressions.

b. Linear Pair Theorem

Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality