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    Kavin's Physics Investigatory Project

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    vinobalan.mk
    This document describes an experiment to measure the change in volume of a liquid as it is heated. The experiment involves heating liquid in a graduated flask submerged in a water bath and observing the change in liquid level as the temperature increases. Key measurements taken include the initial and final liquid temperatures and the liquid levels corresponding to the thermal expansion of the flask and total expansion of the liquid.

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    Kavin's Physics Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    vinobalan.mk
    79 views3 pages
    This document describes an experiment to measure the change in volume of a liquid as it is heated. The experiment involves heating liquid in a graduated flask submerged in a water bath and observing the change in liquid level as the temperature increases. Key measurements taken include the initial and final liquid temperatures and the liquid levels corresponding to the thermal expansion of the flask and total expansion of the liquid.

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    kavin's physics investigatory project

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    This document describes an experiment to measure the change in volume of a liquid as it is heated. The experiment involves heating liquid in a graduated flask submerged in a water bath and observing the change in liquid level as the temperature increases. Key measurements taken include the initial and final liquid temperatures and the liquid levels corresponding to the thermal expansion of the flask and total expansion of the liquid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    79 views3 pages

    Kavin's Physics Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    vinobalan.mk
    This document describes an experiment to measure the change in volume of a liquid as it is heated. The experiment involves heating liquid in a graduated flask submerged in a water bath and observing the change in liquid level as the temperature increases. Key measurements taken include the initial and final liquid temperatures and the liquid levels corresponding to the thermal expansion of the flask and total expansion of the liquid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    AIM:

    To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the observation.

    APPARATUS REQUIRED:
    o A round bottom glass flask with volume graduations in the neck
    o Liquid (having boiling point above 100 C)
    o water bath
    o heating arrangement
    o thermometer with hanging arrangement

    THEORY:
    o Real cubical expansion of a liquid = Apparent cubical expansion of the liquid +
    Cubical expansion of the vessel.
    o γr= γa+ γg

    DIAGRAM:
    (this diagram is only for reference)
    PROCEDURE:
    o Preparation: Ensure the round-bottom glass flask is clean and dry.

    o Filling the Flask: Pour the experimental liquid into the flask until it reaches a
    marked point labeled as A to determine its known volume.

    o Setting Up Heating Arrangement: Keep the flask inside a container filled with
    water, and place this container on a tripod stand. Install a heating device, like a
    gas burner, below the container.

    o Thermometer Placement: Hang a thermometer into the liquid with its bulb
    positioned at the center of the flask.

    o Thermometer Least Count: Take note of the thermometer's smallest increment and
    record it.

    o Initial Temperature Measurement: Record the initial temperature (t1°C) of the


    liquid.

    o Heating Process Begins: Gradually apply heat to the liquid while keeping an eye on
    mark A. As the temperature increases, you will notice the liquid level dropping,
    indicating contraction.

    o Boiling Point Reached: When the water in the container reaches its boiling point
    and the temperature inside the flask stabilizes, note and record the liquid temperature
    (t2°C) and the position of mark B. The space between marks A and B represents the
    cubical expansion of the glass flask.

    o Continued Heating: Maintain the heating process through the water bath. As the
    liquid temperature rises, the liquid starts to expand. The liquid level inside the flask
    will rise above mark A and continue to ascend.

    o Steady State Reached: Eventually, the liquid level will stabilize at mark C. Record
    the position of mark C. The volume between marks B and C indicates the real
    cubical expansion of the liquid.

    o Record your observations as given below.

    OBSERVATIONS:
    o Least count of thermometer = 0.2 C
    o Initial (room) temperature of liquid(t1) =20 C
    o Final (bath) temperature of liquid (t2) =100 C
    S.no A(ml) B(ml) C(ml) Cubical Real Apparent
    expansion cubical cubical
    of liquid expansion expansion
    VAB (ml) of vessel of liquid
    VBC (ml) VAC (ml)
    1 100 95 110 5 15 10
    2 150 145 160 5 15 10
    3 200 195 210 5 15 10

    CALCULATIONS:
    o VAB =VA - VB gives cubical expansion of the vessel
    o VBC =VC - VB gives the real cubical expansion of liquid
    o VAC =VA - VC gives the apparent cubical expansion of liquid

    RESULT:
    VBC > VAC
    The value of VBC - VAC can be made lesser if a material having very small coefficient of
    cubical expansion is used.

    INTERPRETATION:
    The liquid level falls due to initial thermal expansion of the container.

    PRECAUTIONS:
    o Boiling point should be higher than that of bath water.
    o Liquid heating should be uniform throughout the bath.
    o Observations should be taken when temperature becomes steady.

    SOURCES OF ERROR:
    o Heating of liquid may not be uniform.
    o Temperature may not be steady.

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