& Mes H oe which makes harduwaye work “te yo cycle Follosre ¥ pplicce ton Sot liao Cucer eLohlwore ) af / t ; operating seem hg Preqramer Dhanguage *- eH te othe Communication ovedtugs ble wo peacons (ow } pesson and i Languages BP ee dy aoguage c ev. danguag : BASIC | itdtkine hee CoRal | We, 0 FORT RAW leasnin: ” ' rid HH Cones | Pautcad N consiels on Small english e f o'Sand {8 called Commarde, yihon LF Cony dg) eh sn | add,¢ub yr, \ SM, prin GL Called mnemonicseosladons 2. 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(ov) : Lntestai ment . é mil Rnbormation . nel “ine SSR ~Jnlernet whee provider Gtk oo Comnfony that provides -the ‘wleane -lo she end ucen ‘ Qownload Copying an ‘hem from tatennet - loco) cornpucter Upload Copying an Hem rom loot Compr 40 ‘nternet.Ok (Sele due ee Ques: han mA nn deg ) » LOb fs the Slo a wwe alela base sm, rina Jorguoge bor Stelerheng) -ned by may ore “ser [ROMS a dh spdltlede, mearean nationa) larch) 2 SOl was cleye Busine ge Mae HH imple langdage > SOL com loped by 98M Cinlernalsnal hine) \n “the Year 1944. yet powerful non- procedural fox Commnurieating with doca braces Marcle aye broadly Clasified Pr Yo 5 kub Danguager 0 Senne , ) Ok (Rata Relnalton language ) CREATE ALTER DROP 2) Om (Roca mart ONS€ RT bPDATE Detcte 3) Yh (Pransacd p ulotion Danguage) (on Conlyol lenquoge) “hese Commands ave uted lo Contra! Lhe -hansaction Comet opextion) made +e te | dota pase Server fron the Chent applicaee “caicelling the DML opercttion COMMIT | doviny ROLL BACK 4) Hew (Rola combral language) Chere Commande ued lo “control the dota amang dilfesient types of user's of dalle bag GRANT ving Cov’) Taking back previlage's} Revove } 4 3 5) De [PAL CAala kelvival] duery languose) S@LECT. ‘ | Shy Clauses % Thee ove-he mall english stenms ued lo build [cree "Sab Quexy!s Klalemerd's PROM ORDER BY 10 GROUP BY aS HAVING VARVES SET WHERE oN Operalore= operators ave -the Spe cla Chesiaclens @® Keywords thal pestovm « spercetion of one a more opexandsEe a Czaabh abe opercinds +t > openctlary« A yR add lton, Asclyn men “s “me 9 tion Aailbvnalicad AFAR & yo addition — >Subbachon | > Malliplicadion J ~> Rivision @reriesh oppelen, AND ‘Sogical AND oR logics! ok Not logical No? Mh eh ectov (= @ coveltional Com PAAR Opera = > equelt to 2 > lescthan , Ze qrrecrer-than z= ~> tess-than ov equal to >= > qrecler than ov equal to 24> > Mot equals toB felstinned operate (Mot ON [ea vepreserth optiong) aa operators Coot] BETWEEN Ah eprecen rey q aaa, uf [no7} b1Ke Oc. i Tuo) Sxtete 0 With ov toHhout Poramelexs Trot} ALL <-> Deprecent usen RCNOT] Nutt | a names NEE There Lymbolt only meant fov urdes ela nin the urlan’ not for, ~tying © $7 genedens There operclors ave uted bo Compave. ov Combine the data of tu | sfrrilan slables (Same definttion’) =akk Foy table 8 | = | ONION t settldens gelums “the dala of wo -tablec of only distinet Toes UNION ALL ¢ xelums the deta of -4as0 -fabk I ot o all Seow!ry ee Toe Fo are R Sect & metros the Comma A (Xv) WY yous of -teoo lables Minus & oelurns the 510u% of one iE oble thee nol exiel in other -lable ©) Concateracton apenadey -f- CAdde Lua Shing + OF 4, Campeuand) Redo ty Pes %& A clola ype defines the lupe of dela user ‘can Glove in-b a voutiable (ov)dela bar Column our type vaxtable name; - int — Sno3 (or) Column—name ype; Sno | int; a %) CHAR 4 defines -the Column af chavacler lye HE Can love upto aco Chayacler; default %¢ gor Lk & -Sname chav Co) 5 ( ; genden chery | SON 3 Mt padded dale fype > Oh fs used with tinted length Columny TH) vARCHAR % G4 also delner the column’ ar _ Chevacler ype but Con Glove upto ceo Charadlez £x% nave Vaschay( lo)" teayanud!aS Ob fe non padded hata ‘pe => THEW used toitlh voorying length dey dd th morth yearBMS & Pata base Monagerent ' yeti mn 4 fe manipulate \n Pala ave the Pescls ) Combiner ton e computer ave’ ches Lon wW-the -forrns of deta. and Conciels of numbeyt, lero of two. > A Relabase Cons\tls of all ~the lec of an ovganigection that 3g. a collection of Slowed operational ata” Cqvsittied deta fow a. Poslicul jack) used by the pplication SyHems of Some particular entenprite. DEMS gives ut a toy of qatlering epee, gpecilic pieces ov licks of anformectio that are selevarl lo us th our fobs ov fives ond alse tt provides a Way 46 clove and maid taformation ‘on central place. Alternate Texminalogy Froditte not “Lommron Reler tonal Fle ‘lable > te gelationa) ' L recovd You tuple is field Cell — -atluibule Value value ‘nance: Most popwlas PDBMEStn-the swovld -feday DEP ABM HR2CMaintvames ) . oracle gybace [Sat Server) MS ~SQLISoveyy rnulCm Teeajon)MYSQL 8S an: opem ~ source aelotiona) dcx manage ment Sgt (ROEM) GAS Name’ Py q Combination of.) My", the name of Co-Foond michael wi denius's chnlgh le, and "Sar" the abbreviattan for sructuwed Avery Jonguaye Nesslone% the fil yesctan of Mys@L appears on 93 may, \aa5. : j 5.1 20l3 By 2019 Se Do Bt 2023 80 2026 SHOW Command = This Command 's used “fo kel the Hems ms pretend in MALL doa bas Se Syntax! yon CHow dala baset 5, tov) SHOW Fablecy Creating g delabae % ween YN Wr Syntax CREATE DATABACE Zolcdabcue names} OE nytgl S cyecele lala base mydb 5 wey 9 delete: syntax = Use Zdolabage —name >! Cem mycg}y use mydb,PRN TEN Sere & Inlegntly Carthy bls ave the stulles we Can define 0 a Callin ns to Move ~the deta of Parrliculas “ype Thee Comyatnds ave broadly cdactilied sa fo 3 types swthey ane . 1) Qomain integrity Contlyai aly > Not nlub > check le 9) Check ality Srlegrity Come rls ~> Unique ~> Primay key & Refenenti’ Inbegthty conglrainde : > Gierple siefexenty 4 wed Jo bind-wo ~ foveign key " slaloles wrth Srebadtion “thip Condition Primo Key eo hs the mac wnporlant type of all ~the Contyainle. P+ is acitomelealy indewd In moet of the Nemes. »U can be dedined only once ina Yable tse a table can have only ‘one Peienaty ‘Key defination Creating a table ¢ vw. ad vwown Syntons= CRcATe TABLE Z table name> C Colum data type, is 2 * i P, \ NN ]| Gt Greate a table -lo Glove. the Chdenty 1 infowmertion~ thay may Coneled Id Mame ,Coure J Myegls cvectle lable sludenl~ Into C ~SNo Int not null primary Key (ing), Sname Vaxchan(i6) not nulls Course Voxchan(n) not-nulls dof dete , fee decimal (8,2) dy ‘ hon DESCRIBE Commend ss It is wedte dlecnibe Gre table” definition Symlone = pese [RIB E] 44able name >} | & mysg) sdece. Stud-into 5 Entering the dala %-to—the dole Sunda % ce et DATS Zablenames Cecoturnnl, Cdumad, ~~ J yarves (valuel, value 2). 5 Be my co dinvert Info Slud— into to value C1, ‘aut | ‘python . ‘5a og ia 350d) Voluet(2, chinlu’, ‘ovade’, ‘22leshia’, 500)SERA ROMAN SThis Command's Uted to © gelvve ~the decla som a -lable, atlen bared of 2 Creag Syrdax cor poy J Colwen, Coron 7 all Colurang, FRom 2 dablenames © [we Re Cablesia’] j Lee muycaud + celect from glud— into} pCveale onclhen able -lo love the, Stederte maskt that may Consicle a, 3 Sub moat, BEN and’ yubtege” Vue! ie shy mpiql_>Creale lable slud-masks Sng int seferences ctuduinfs Cio), mankaint, w { i makes ‘int, Manks int, average decimal Cu,1) By uli 2 ingegl> et into duinlo . vyadues (1,53) U5, 63, MALONE He raat! 7 i sade Stud-infe (ero, & nyo! > Merle ito Ne 1 eh) values (> 35, Ub 54) UPDATE Command & wed to update “the values ‘in & Column (oa) Columns In a lable ae ee a eeeD Systane r UPDATE ZAablename y SE Colurnn \= {value leapreision }, Column 9 > 4 value eXPrestion , \ a Cwhiche cvileriay, Gat updale “the column -lolad with telat | many mnystel supdete shadmarks cet . wave otal = marks emarks 2+ Man’ 3 5 PR update she column coverage Mth, averay ee marke : | mug > update sluderaskt cet ayonoge= Ht Eez3 update the columns -lolal 4 average mysy Q > update Gludmoaks set otal = moat! Arnake a + maxkt3, average = (maxktiamankso tmaxke 3)| Gey updade +the fee ola cludent to 400 mydgls update udant Tato set -fee = Coo WWERE whee Sno = 3; Exr5 update the fee of a Gludert by 0 mysql Uplate ude info Set fee= fee + 200 where gno=3)Tpetete Command. 3 ~the command, %s,! used J: Semove ~the dala from a lable OHey a en a .cydeata ax > SY DELETE FROM Z table narnes : Tuaere evtera J; E#r\ Remove Whe Aecord of o dudent whose, Wd 4 mysql > delele from lud-into whexe Sn =35 git> Semove he secovd ofa student Wha name is akhts mysqd Sdelete from tlud-‘nto - where Sname aki]! Couvie:' py AACE Cornenand 2 Tks, Command. i ‘Used to ghtex the ~lable definition, Such as adding| mock fying ravemaling Column¢ ov constraints 3 Addin Column« & Cnet ALTE p TABLE Ztablename 7 ADD Column datatyfe--- EL add a Column to the fable ud—ir low slowing phone numbers , musa) Salley lable Stud -info add Phone Vosichan Cis)5| > Modi Modlin Column Caluenns ¢ oo” Cylon’ ALLER TARLE Zable name y monty Column datatype, %% Weyeage ~lhe tonglh of os Colurnn 9 | she able tude Into: fox toring MYspl > aMerlable Gud info modify | Srame Voothax (p03 => Dropping Columin § © Syla % ALTER TABLE Zelable name S DROP COLUMN Column, name - ~ as Brop the Column phone Prom the He Stud— info my Gly able table Stud info daop Column Phone 5 TRUNCATE Command & Thi Command ty used -fo vemove —the dela from a-table Syrlarte _ ~ | JN TRUNCATE. TABLE e-lablename vy | Pillerencer bhs detete and trundale tomn 4) Pele te Command Can be uted +o vemove only selected our from Ihe toble Cwotth WAC RE Clouse): -lyuncate carnmendwemover ali rvours “from “the “fable 9) Mater uring deleling ~hre commana We Can yoll back the —bansaction _cewuncatin ng Command aurlomatical Ny ‘coments wh the —hancaatle 9 " it) Delete Command ~lo bec move sbereafts te yemove all mows trom the “ele Cwithout Lonere. Clause); temcele, Comm nd makes PL FA one a Cefep). | DROP Command ees le ie an 1 objec for, he Cenven, ma (ms OY ne DROP TABLE Llable names... ») Duplay lhe dela of emp lace iN A4Q2 mysql > colect om emp phere emPnd = 408, 38>) Drpllay “he dela “of” emp Whose depilment, mgipll > Seleel €-Fram emp where deptns = 303 Qs) Display she dota of -talle emp -wWhexe salany fo lesethan 2606 mysol scelecl & trom emp Where sal 2 = 2060; Qu) Pieple she doda. of toble Keme vehetel name % smith inyigl > cel ecl at from emp Where ename> “oMttY ) Display =the dole’ =lalole ad emp Whow fob is Clerk 4 mytgl > select Lvarp ,\ Qe) Pteplay ~the data teble ab emp Whore Foine, ; bed owe Guly i | M4y6g9 >Gelecl (vom emp whey Keredaber < “@iloel202 9) Replay “the alata" able of emp howe nee), Working os Clerks depk 20 MYSYD x celect & from emp — where Yob= crepe’ and depkno= 0) 8) Huplay the oles of table emp Who ave work ~N9 ob Clakt and Reined before uly 1 MySql s select from emp : whee Jobs cere! ahwedate = eiloc|aa, A) Qiploy -the dota of table eme Who ave tn dept gq 2 getting alaries tethan 2000 myegd > celect % vor erp here deel ng: 26 avd galiasrece (6) Display -the dataof table emp who are gery Salasyy's qvealexthan 9000 V teat 2000. mys) > Select Hom emp where Gal S=2600 and sal 2. = 20001Con) mycyl>celect & trom emp ey Whene cab belween 5000 & 2000 |, ) Display. Bot emp Whowe aye workin: cles afd Anal yet 1 mysql scelect "From emp whee Jol= CLERK’ ov %ob> 1 qnan¥ST? Cov) where Jobin Cherean’, 'aniatysr')> 12) Dispay asovk emp who has Boned iA the year @t> mysy& > Select & From emp Where kyedele = \ gylotlor and Rived abe = catia Val 5 tor’) loler and eilelar 5 rohere, Wredate between 21 B) Display do-b emp Who ove not Cheatet mysq) > selechttiom emp phene. we Z2> Tecery 5 ov) yohene ee not in (CLERK )5 \u) Display dot ange Who aye not geting Commitor) mycapl > celect From emp whee Comm Fe null §useg vi iil Cord Characlene Uv ‘ ‘oO rand all chara °fo (pee ile ) rec LPI Miplay the eto fable emp Whore Nong begin with Letler ‘U i Mya S colect A ~Crom ea? ‘gh. where ename like ' Volo - Display the do. ‘ emp (a name we ley ‘Vv! | mysgl > select fron emp ia where enarme NKe “kD | 9 Pipay tthe dio. emp whose. names Conta’ n-ty mgd» seleel from emp Where ename UKE ‘ete Ue! ; 4) Display the Aso. L emp Whace names Contain the leten’’u” at 90 postion mysgyd > delect& from emp ~ where erame like ‘Luge’; Eorling he the dele | \n the able ¢ © hort —the dot emp ‘by sthety depec nek mysq! > select from emp Orden by deptno; @ Sort the dot emt by Thebve Jobe q) Sseleck Krom emP | anvies by job: i mysey 3) Sort ~the dot emp by ctheiy. Salaniess 19 decending ovder : mysql> celect € Crom emp onder by sah dec; A) Sovl -the dat emp by hei siting dale in devensny ovden mydq > Select & rom emp” oxden by Wyedate desc} 9) Sovt ~the dat emp by thew depasrdmen tx in asending order 4 Satosites decending order mys I> colect &Lrom em? 1 order by deptno, tala dec; Noles Refautt owt orden is atending — Gnteowie WW Questions fHow cg ces desc! ‘yere to dleccribe the fable Ab a Command definrhon 3 Asa option ‘hece’to. cowl {he -lable ‘dela in desce nding order « #® create a table le -thad rnay cons}ets 7 YB average mys) 2 create snoint vefene nce Moankl | int, ™. \ : eS aks > int). ,. pd tb quvenc@cadiia 5 gtove ~the actudents mail d, Bsub marks, lot -tabk slude moovks co Slud- info Céno),Releiog primes ey 2 AROWP A Ip the chable + > create fable vail ¢ | tooth no Int not null, Coaehno ie null, coin ng int not nally Primayy key Chesrthno, Coach ne,-traIn ny) movethan one “eke ‘ my sot J mysql dinsenk Indo ail values C1;'st) €65U) 5 kexthro Coachto ~lyain.no 1 8) 465y 2 SI +65U ' { 5 \ ‘ 4 2 $) 465U : S> bby 2 G (Sy ) Ad Sto 4654 ' S 4655, ‘ 1 Note s- all—the 3 Column nvaluer. Contd be duphiea He In x Single Indance. u wthis ~ly pet of primenly lel fon save Kraul” AS Complet Primooy key. ~the paienanyy Mf Gesell 8. Known as ~the Composite prim Key OW) candidate key4 POpEAUIT Ceoeliaing St uced “le SO o. default value in -lo a Calumn | nyse ec ee le ye Cno WE wot nal) Psimary Ke (cno), Cprame Voc har Cth) not null, rrate decinnd (3,2) not null, unite decimal (6,0) not null) arround decimal Ca 2) default Boo 5 Pale { nysg! vingert ito bill Conoicncmne veute ) aluet Ct, ‘owt! (25)5 Relating the lables S= two or more -tablee ave slated loge! hen lo ertowce the oeles -enliod entigni-ty bl cata Hem of thote 4wo slated —tablec , onGx 6) gladelele Studs Sno tray ke A rake 9 manks 3 lote ee A Common Column binds -Luse -lab}, wrth srelortionship Cond Lion ‘ypes of of srekrllonship % Ps te _ vail ee cro Pno (PK “one --bo~ ran “y Many ~ to - one . > Many 4a — mony oo DK) Pro a) Pro fee? eno : Pro wt Toining “he “able “able g & joins ave used +o group Wider daela Hlogethen rom one ov move ables. vorthoul ~the foin condttion, lhe *Jaloles “ave grouped ~fogether roth Cartesian product Fey all the yous of one fe. table aw ave mubliple wth all the vous “ol other table. we can Celecl dala fran enulliple dbl cpecilying Mo% than one table Inthe FROM | | | |; Clause 4 and Uting WLM CAE Clouse Lo specif che 301 Cond ihe lable. Mon, o« aationthip, baey The Cond i-tion used Gd In pliers Ck sep a matlen delaile Cov nerd chi selationship bly ~the suo lables the most commen Way IN which fables’ Can be jeine. “the srelationship Condition cowes-the dala lo be tightly bound with One —4o-mony oretafionchipe . Types of 3 ationchip 5 + one —-to- one one ~ to ~ many many tO- ‘one > many] —to —mony she tables Can be gine) Yn one oF ~the fatowing enethods : $Jnnex fein Cov Sinpte- Sot + owler Jor) DLqui Foi & Sn IH rrelhad —the ~labls ore Joined together ucing ‘equals fo! “operator cl the gan Condition . i4 alto Known oat Senner gan”v] ' yes select From emp, dept where emp deping= dept depino’, oer eng only celecled colurnns ~from a a Poy Selectgedronp emp.empno, eMp-Rnarne _ OMP.Fob,emp. cal, dept-dname, dept. loc-Lrorm, emp, dept where emp. deptng =depl. deplno 3 3s Uta ~larle “aliasier"Cduplicate. narves) nyigh > Select @.empno, @-enarne, @ fob,e, sd, Adname, doe ror empe, dept d ) ‘where e-deping = dep Adept no} |? 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