Executive Summary

Advanced technological developments are reshaping production processes, global value chains,
employment relations, and the nature of work itself.
Introduction

1. District Profile of Tirap

The river Tirap, which rises from a lofty peak in the Laju Circle, is the root of the district's name, Tirap. The
river traverses from the southeast to the northeast of the district, crossing over to Changlang district on the
other side, until coming together with the Buri-Dihing river close to Ledo in Assam. Tirap, which is located in
the southernmost region of Arunachal Pradesh and covers an area of around 2362 square kilometres, is
surrounded by distinctively beautiful hills. The tribal group, which makes about 80% of the district's
population, is the largest group of residents. The Nocte, Wancho, and Tutsa are the three main tribes that
reside in the area.

Tirap borders Myanmar on the international level, Assam and Nagaland on the state level, and the districts of
Changlang and Longding in Arunachal Pradesh on the district level. The district is divided into two
subdivisions (Khonsa and Deomali) and eight circles. The present-day Tirap District is located in India's
northeasternmost region, which borders Burma. It is the only district in Arunachal Pradesh to be located on
the southern bank of the Brahmaputra, and it once served as the eastern entryway to India. This region, which
is situated between the Brahmaputra Plains on the west and the Irrawaddy Valley on the east, has long seen
migrations of people from the Patkai Ranges.

Currently, the Nocte, Konyak, and Wancho tribes of the Naga family, who formerly practised Animism but
have now mostly converted to Christianity, make up a large portion of the district's tribal population. Along
with the non-Naga Singhpo, the area is also home to smaller populations of the Tutsa and Tangsa Naga tribes.
Fairs and festivals like the Pongtu festival of the Tutsa, the Oriya or Ojiyele of the Wancho, and the Loku of
the Nocte are all celebrated in extravagant ways.
2. Topography: The Physiographical Regions of the District

A. Namchik-Tirap River Valley: Both the Tirap and Namchik rivers, which originate at the summit of the
Patkai hills, flow through this united valley. A total of 1300 sq. km. make up the region. The majority of it
covers Changlang District, with the remainder covering Tirap District's Lazu circle and a portion of
the Khonsa circle. The region is bordered by the Tirap River and Assam in the north, Myanmar in the south,
and Namsang and Wakka Circles in the west and south-west. Tropical evergreen forests are thickly dotted
throughout the area. The Barail and Disang / Rengging groups are categorised as this region's geological
formations. The principal soil types in the area are shallow black and brown, alluvial, red sandy, and red
loamy.

B. Namsang-Dirak River Valley: This area, which has a total size of about 640 sq. km., is made up of two tiny
valleys of the Namsang and Dirak rivers. It primarily encompasses the Khonsa and Namsang circles of Tirap
as well as some portions of Changlang. Lazu Circle in the south, the Burhi-Dirang River and Assam in the
north, and the Khonsa Circle in the east and west are its boundaries.

The region's geography, which is characterised by steep hills, wide valleys, and deep gorges through which
streams and rivers flow, has a significant impact on the climate. The elevation of the land typically ranges
from around 200 feet above sea level in the northwestern part of the country to about 5000 feet over the
mountains. Khonsa, the district's administrative centre, is located at a height of roughly 4200 feet.

Socio-Economic Profile of the District

More than 80% of the population depends on agriculture, which largely defines Tirap's economy. The major
crop is rice. Maize, millets, vegetables, and oil seeds are some other significant crops. A variety of agricultural
activities are supported by the district's agroclimatic conditions. The district's agriculture is distinguished by
its reliance on rainfall, prominence of seasonal crops, and use of traditional agricultural techniques. Other
substantial subsistence sources of income include animal husbandry and regional handicrafts. Despite doing
so on a reduced scale, the women of the community still work at weaving traditional textile and clothing.

Productivity of crops in Tirap district, yield in kg per hectare

1. Demographic Profile

Tirap has a population of 111,975 as per the 2011 Census. The result places it at a position of 613 out of 640
in India. The population density of the area is 47 people per square kilometre (120/sq mi). Over the ten-year
period from 2001 to 2011, its population grew by 11.63%. it has an 84.23% literacy rate and a sex ratio of 931
females to every 1000 males.

Items Particulars
 Population (2011 Census) 111975
Male (Numbers) 57,604
Female (Numbers) 54,371
Literacy Rate (%) 42.84%
Male 61.07%
Female 47.42%
Source: District Profile Official website of Tirap (https://Tirap.nic.in/demography)

2. Employment Profile

The district does not have a unique employment profile. Therefore, for all intents and purposes, the state's
comparable parameters, which are as follows, may be referenced to for a notion on employment profile rates-

A. Labour Force Participation Rate: In comparison to the national average of 53.9%, Arunachal Pradesh has a
higher labour force participation rate at 56.4%. According to the NSSO 68th Round report, the Worker
Population Ratio, the Unemployment Rate, and the Female Unemployment Rate are all better than the
national average when it comes to Labour Force Participation.

B. Worker Population Ratio: According to the 2011 census, there are 13, 83,727 people living in the state, of
which 4, 78,721 (34.6%) are primary workers; 1, 08,936 (7.9%) are marginal employees, and the remaining
796070 (57.5%) are non-workers. Arunachal Pradesh has 64.4% of the population (aged 15 to 59) classified as
total workers, of whom 53.4% are primary employees and 11% are marginal workers. The remaining 35.6%
are classified as unemployed. 4,703,151 people live in rural areas of the state, compared to 1,17,342 people
living in urban areas.

3. Revenue Sectors of Tirap

Tourism and agriculture are the two main industries in the Tirap District that generate income. However,
additional industries with considerable potential in the district include food processing, handloom and
handicrafts, and logistics. For the Tirap District, no independent economic data are available. However,
according to the district economic data from the former Lohit district, which includes the Tirap subdivision,
residents have higher incomes than the state average.

4. Vocational and Skill Training Centres of Tirap

There is virtually little support for vocational and industrial training institutes in the district. This is because
traditionally the region lacked organised industries and it had taken longer for development projects to be
completed. This may also be attributable to the district's hilly topography and inadequate support systems and
connectivity. Details of the district's current infrastructure for skill training and vocational education are as
follows-

SN Vocational and Skill Training Centre Numbers

1 Industrial Training Institute 0
2 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) 1
3 Pvt. Training Centre for STT and SPP (PMKVY 2.0) 2
 4 Rural Self-Employment Training Centre (RSETI) 0
Total 3
Source: Brief Industrial Profile of Tirap District, MSME-DI, Itanagar

5. Industrial Scenerio of Tirap: Industry/MSME Units

SN Head Numbers
1 Registered MSME Units 33
2 Functioning MSME Units NA
3 Registered Medium and Large Units Nil
4 Estimated average numbers of daily workers 37
employed in SSI units
SN Head Numbers
5 Employment in Large and Medium Industries Nil
6 Total Number of Industrial Units 12
Source: Brief Industrial Profile of Tirap District, MSME-DI, Itanagar

6. Details of Existing Micro and Small Enterprises and Artisan Units in Tirap

SN Type of Industry No. of Units Investment (Lakhs) Employment

1 Agro-based 2 24.64 37
2 Cotton Textile 1 0.10 03
3 Wood based Furniture 2 1.00 11
4 Repairing and Services 1 2.50 5
5 Others/Bakery 6 42.30 36
Source: Brief Industrial Profile of Tirap District, MSME-DI, Itanagar

SWOT Analysis: Economy of Tirap

Due to its unique geographical, economic, and socio-cultural qualities, the Tirap region has developed a
distinct identity. This area is both a storehouse of distinct problems and a treasure trove of different resources.
To utilise this area's maximum potential, it will be necessary to make large investments and take development
efforts to upgrade the region's financial and physical infrastructure, as well as its educational and skill-
building systems. All of these must be carried out while keeping in mind the necessity to protect the area's rich
biodiversity and different ethnic cultures. It is crucial to conduct a Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and
Threat (SWOT) analysis of the region in order to build realistic plans and policies for the region's overall
development while taking into account its resource potential.

1. Strengths

A. The region's rich mineral and timber resources are a major asset for its development. In terms of forest
resources, Tirap is exceptionally endowed. The region's economy is based on its vast forest resources. Mineral
resources such as coal, limestone, dolomite, uranium, fireclay, and natural gas are also abundantly available.
B. The presence of several tea estates is advantageous for the local economy. Tea plantations thrive here
thanks to the favourable geographic conditions. The region's capital formations are significantly influenced by
the tea business. Various popular local brands such as Patkai Buds and Misty Fall have been manufacturing
quality organic green, black, and bamboo tea variations, while other unconventional home-made and hand-
blended tea varieties such as purple tea are frequently available in the local markets.

Patkai Buds and its visually appealing This local Tirapian brand was also recently displayed at the
and rather fresh packaging style. Ziro Music Festival, and it garnered attention from tea
lovers, both local and international.

C. Presence of numerous ethnic and tribal cultures, each with its own traditions and customs.

D. The abundance of bamboo in this area is a major asset for the development of a bamboo-based economy
and handicraft industry.

E. Relatively clean and pollution free environment.

F. Tirap is a desirable tourist destination due to its scenic surroundings, wildlife reserves, and historical
landmarks. Entrepreneurs can capitalise on the expanding tourist industry by opening eco-resorts, homestays,
and adventure tourism businesses.

2. Weaknesses

A. The region's greatest drawback for development is the absence of an effective transport and communication
system. The lack of sufficient attention, difficult terrain, and geographic isolation are some of the causes of
this issue. Given the region's need, only very limited rail and road transit infrastructure has been developed.

B. Another drawback of this area is its susceptibility to natural disasters. The Tirap region occasionally
experiences natural disasters such floods, landslides, erosion, etc. In numerous regions of the district, floods,
and landslides severely damage crops, cattle, homes, roads, and public properties every year.
C. Another flaw is the lack of infrastructure support for the tourism industry. There are fewer, lower-quality
options for accommodation that are not enough to meet demand.

D. Being landlocked is a significant vulnerability for Tirap. The lack of direct access to the sea in the area
makes it difficult for trade to grow in this region.

E. Lack of Knowledge is another significant weakness in regards to the development of the district. It is
undeniable that young people in the district lack the necessary entrepreneurship skills and information. The
majority of the educated and trained young adults leave the hamlet and travel to urban regions in quest of
employment.

F. The expansion of entrepreneurial endeavours and the subsequent development of the district depends
heavily on the availability of skilled labour. The progress of the entrepreneurial landscape of Tirap is impeded
by the shortage of a competent workforce and skill gaps in industries. These issues can be resolved and a
trained workforce for entrepreneurial companies can be created by creating vocational training programmes,
skill development initiatives, and encouraging entrepreneurship-focused education.

3. Opportunities

A. One industry where the region has a competitive advantage is tourism. Tirap has the potential to become a
hotspot for ecotourism, rural tourism, and adventure tourism thanks to the abundance of nature's breathtaking
visual beauty, hospitable climatic conditions, remarkable diversified rich art, and cultural legacy of the people.
Numerous businesses, including hotels, restaurants, transportation companies, and other connected
enterprises, are involved in the tourism industry. Thus, more jobs may be created through tourism in this area
than through any other activity.

B. Since foreign nations occupy a large portion of the Tirapian border, there are several opportunities for the
growth of border trade in this area. Border trade growth would give local manufacturing businesses a chance
to resurge while also acting as a passageway for large mainland industrial companies to access the enormous
Asian market. Additionally, this would provide the region, which is currently peripheral, more prominence
and visibility. The Look East/Act East Policy was launched with this objective in mind.

C. There is immense scope for the growth and development of handloom and handicraft industries. Handloom
and weaving are traditional skills acquired by the local community. Based on cane and bamboo reserves there
is opportunity for development of cane and bamboo craft cottage industries which can be a great alternative
source of employment and attraction for tourism.

4. Threats

A. Excessive utilisation and commercialization of eco-sensitive zones may cause resource depletion and a
decline in appeal.

B. Law and order problems, escalating insurgencies, and the existence of numerous anti-democratic factions
like the NSCN-K and NSCN-IM.
C. The spirit of democratic principles may dilute and turn into a monopolistic approach.

Current Skill Ecosystem in the District

1. District Skill Development Plan

A. Skill Gap Analysis: The district will work to complete a skill gap analysis that will allow planning for
sector-specific target setting, district-specific target setting, ascertaining industry requirements, mapping the
aspirations of targeted groups, ascertaining the availability of training facilities, etc. This will make it possible
for the district to implement skill development training using a scientific methodology.

B. Create Infrastructure Capacity: The lack of reputable training providers in the district is one of the major
obstacles to the development of the district's skill set. In order for the youth to solely receive benefits from
skill training within Tirap, the DSC shall see to it that training capacity is built within the district. The
recommended course of action will be-

i. Establishment of a Skill Training Centre in the District through Public-Private Partnership for Short-Term
Skill Training Programmes under PMKVY Schemes: The need for a Skill Development Centre will be
assessed, and through APSDM, new TPs in the district will be established to meet the demand for high-quality
training facilities.

ii. Introduction of district-specific need-based job positions at the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK):
If necessary, more industry-relevant and demand-driven job positions would be established as part of the
future PMKK to link skill desire and placement.

C. Robust Mobilisation and Counselling: One of the most crucial tasks in carrying out skill development
programmes is to mobilise the youth for training using a need-based method. The likelihood of dropouts both
during training and placements will be reduced by selecting individuals through an appropriate counselling
process. The district government will engage in some of the following mobilisation activities-

i. Traditional Technique of Awareness: It is critical to inform the program's primary and secondary target
groups of its advantages. Public awareness will be raised through the employment of tools like Flex Banners,
Hoardings, Leaflets, and Posters, among others. The use of high-quality IEC materials will give the
programme the required push and enable it to move from door to door.
ii. Application of AV Aids through Auto Van: Flex banners can be used to brand a local auto van. A Public
Address (PA) system will read a script outlining the main aspects of the programme and its advantages. The
message will be carried across the village by the auto van. Additionally, leaflets will be maintained in the auto
van and distributed alongside.

iii. Road Shows: Road Shows will be organised at the local level in the form of street plays. The advantages of
participating in skill development training programmes and staying in placements should be the focus of the
play's script.

iv. Annual Skill Development Rally: To raise awareness among the unemployed youth of Tirap, the Annual
Skill Development Sensitization, Motivation -cum- Trainee Registration Rallies shall be organised at the
district level. These rallies would also help to expand the realm of skill and draw more youth into the field of
job-oriented skill training programmes, which ultimately will pave the way for remunerative wage
employment and profitable self-employment. The rally will be planned at the district headquarters for three to
five days in the months of December or January, after which the rally's date and venue, as well as details on
skill development courses, will be advertised in print and electronic media, on signs, banners, hoardings, and
other visual materials. The project will be crucial in attracting a significant number of enrolments in various
skill development programmes and in bringing a greater level of awareness and inclusivity of the
disadvantaged sections of the society to these programmes.

v. One-month One-block Approach: This method will allow for coverage of the entire district while also
generating awareness and sensitization in the locals. While conducting the events, DSC will secure the
participation of the Community Resource Persons (CRPs), Gramme Panchayat Leaders, and Women SHG
Groups.

vi. Social Media Campaign: A successful social media campaign using all available platforms, including
Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, etc., will-
a. improve the program's visibility and build its brand;
b. secure more effective reach to the major target audience, i.e., the youth.

vii. Diversity: The District Administration and DSC would conduct focused and particular mobilising
activities to promote the participation of Women, PwD, and other marginalised groups of the district in
enrolling for training programmes, with aid from the Arunachal Pradesh Skill Development Mission.

viii. Branding on Public Transport: Public transport can be used to spread the mission's message to every
hamlet.
a. The communication efforts will be carried out throughout the state by branding on state buses.
b. Passengers and other individuals will be drawn to the striking, unique designs.
c. A wide audience receives the message.
D. Placement Tie-Ups: One of the main goals of skill development implementation is to give young people
gainful work. Making partnerships with companies that will recruit the trained applicants is therefore crucial.
The district also intends to have Rozgar Melas, where businesses with openings in various trades can attend,
in order to improve placement. The candidates will be interviewed immediately, and offer letters may be given
to those who are chosen. The main players would be brought together on one platform by such Rozgar Melas,
which will also make placement tracking easier thereafter.
E. Industry Collaboration: This is another strategy to improve sector-specific placement and training.
Depending on what is thought appropriate, the local and national level industries with a strong demand for
skilled workers can be approached to either become knowledge partners or industrial partners. There are
potentially two ways to involve the industry associations-

i. Knowledge Partners: Industry associations may be brought on as partners in knowledge. The different
industries are free to create their own curricula in accordance with the job roles they need to fill and the
criteria for that industry. With the appropriate lab equipment recommended by the industrial partner, the
aspirants can be trained in accordance with these curricula. Once trained, these candidates can be directly
hired by the industry. If the program's placement rate is greater than 80% for such industry-relevant Job Roles,
it may be specifically operated under APSDM.

ii. Centres for Advanced Skill Training: Businesses can work directly with training providers to train
potential job candidates. They would establish a training infrastructure with cutting-edge labs and instruct the
applicants in line with their predetermined curriculum. These facilities could be called Advance Skill Training
Centres. As needed, the industry partner will choose, train, and hire the aspirants. The district administration
can assist the industry partner in locating the necessary infrastructure for training and mobilisation, among
other things. An appropriate arrangement can be made by the district administration to allow interested
industry partners or bodies to use any vacant space or underutilised infrastructure in the district.

The District’s Potential Growth Drivers

Rural businesses are the most effective way to utilise regional resources, which promotes wealth and
economic expansion. It then encourages job opportunities, which directly affects the levels of migration. Thus,
it is crucial to ensure that manpower, money, material, machinery, and market expertise are all in place in
order to ensure the formation of a successful business model to better help prospective rural entrepreneurs.
According to earlier studies on trends conducted by MSME- DI and the resources available in the district, the
following industries can eventually provide district youth with employment options (both wage and self-
employment)-

1. Services Sector

A. Tourism and Hospitality: Tirap District is a desirable tourist destination due to its scenic surroundings,
wildlife reserves, and historical landmarks. Entrepreneurs can capitalise on the expanding tourist industry by
opening eco-resorts, homestays, and adventure tourism businesses.
B. Health Care Services
C. Two, Three, and four-Wheeler Repairing
D. Mobile and Computer Repairing

2. Food Processing, Food Preservation, and Value Addition

Entrepreneurs in the Tirap region are now investigating prospects in small-scale manufacturing sectors like
food processing and preservation. These sectors can boost the local economy and generate employment
opportunities.
A. Food Processing (mushroom, jam, and jelly)
B. Food Preservation and Value Addition to Foods
C. Bakery and Confectionary

3. Small Scale Units on Manufacturing

A. Furniture and Steel Fabrication

B. Cane and Bamboo Industry
C. Traditional Garments
D. Broom Making

4. Traditional Craft and Handloom

Promoting and commercialising the traditional art forms, handicrafts, pottery, and handloom of the district is
another sound entrepreneurial approach with tremendous potential for success. Creating connections between
markets and e-commerce platforms can provide the craftsmen a wider consumer base and boost their revenue.

A. Wood Craft
B. Bamboo Carpet Making

5. Agri and Allied Ventures

The district's rich agricultural area offers immense opportunities for agribusinesses including tea cultivation,
organic farming, dairy, and poultry farming. Additionally, horticulture ventures like flower orchards and fruit
farming can be developed to serve markets across the state.

A. Medicinal Plant Extraction

B. Floriculture
C. Aromatic Herbs
D. Dairy, Poultry, and Piggery

6. Aqua Sector

Fisheries is one of the most economically flourishing sectors in the district of Tirap. The Fisheries Policy and
the Pradhan Mantri Matsaya Sampada Yojana promote inland fishing and modern fishing practices like
Aquaculture and Shrimp Farming. Aquaculture Fish Farming through Pradhan Mantri Matsay Sampada
Yojana (PMMSY) expects to improve quality fish seed and feed, modernize, and strengthen value chains,
create direct and indirect employment opportunities for communities engaged in fishing activities, and
enhance their incomes. It aims to push up investments in fisheries through PPPs and activate the market of
fish products.
Plan for Future Skill Development: Reforming the Skill Development Ecosystem

Due to the lack of employment opportunities in the district, the DSC will develop a long-term plan for the
promotion of activities and subsequent training in career roles with higher employment prospects within and
beyond the district. Sectors and activities that can offer chances to launch one's own business as a form of
self-employment will be identified, and pertinent trainings will be given. Additionally, the DSC will
concentrate on assisting District entrepreneurs, both new and established, with capacity building, technical
know-how, institutional partnerships, and market linkage. The elements of the Entrepreneurship Development
Plan will be-

1. Programmes for Short-Term Skill Development in Courses Supporting Regional Economic Activity

It will be determined which traditional training programmes exist in the fields of handicraft,
handloom, agriculture, food processing, and tourism, with the aim of promoting and enhancing the production
of regional goods and services. Through skill development and the promotion of regional economic activity,
the strategy would put an emphasis on "Vocal for local, Atmanirbhar Bharat". The targeted programs/positions
are-

Sector Areas of Skilling and Entrepreneurship

Cane and Bamboo Cane & Bamboo, Wood Craft, Carpet Weaver, Handloom Weaver, Handloom
Handloom and Handicraft Entrepreneur etc.

Agriculture Quality Seed Grower, Dairy Farmer, Small Poultry Farmer, Piggery,
Agriculture Machinery Repair and Maintenance Service Provider, Organic
Grower, Solar Pump Technician etc.

Tourism Home Stays, Restaurants, Food & Beverage Service etc.

Automobile Automobile Service Technician Two & Three wheelers, Automobile Service
Technician Four wheelers, Welder etc.

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

2. Demand Side Stakeholder Workshop

A series of workshops will be held in three blocks, inviting local businesses, entrepreneurs, financial
institutions, and NABARD/NEDFi representatives. At these workshops, aspiring young people will have the
chance to learn about important business concepts, management techniques, and credit linkage options that
are available through a variety of government initiatives.

3. Monitoring and Evaluation Framework: M&E of Training Programs

A. With help from APSDM, stakeholders at the District, Block, and Gram Panchayat Level employees would
receive an orientation on skill development in order to efficiently and promptly monitor and evaluate skilling
operations.

B. To supervise the conduct of training and evaluation in accordance with the standards and norms, the DSC
will establish subcommittees on counselling, mobilisation, training, and assessment.
C. The MSDE/NSDC/APSDM mobile and web applications would be heavily used to conduct real-time
monitoring and assessment of operations throughout the district. This will support 'on time' planning for
upcoming actions, etc.

D. To conduct an Impact Assessment Study on skilling and placements (wage and self-employment) within
the district, third-party agencies will be engaged.

4. Other Activities under the Annual Skill Development Planning

A. Strengthening of the District Skill Committee (DSC): The Ministry of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Government of India, has introduced a "Bottoms Up" strategy, which has caused a
paradigm shift in the dimension of skill development, and this has made the job of the DSC even more
important. In this regard, the DSC, working closely with the Department of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Government of Arunachal Pradesh, would participate in outreach activities under
the direction of the Committee's Chairman to all players in the skill eco system within and beyond the state.
Creating a formal schedule for the DSC's meetings would be one of the most crucial actions. The following
duties are part of the DSC's primary activity-

i. Serve as the district's focal point for federal and state programmes (PMKVY 3.0, SANKALP, BADP, etc.)
that promote skill development.
ii. Organise and lead the District Level Skill Gap and Demand Assessment.
iii. Conduct extensive Kaushal Melas and provide publicity in order to mobilise candidates through
awareness-raising and advocacy efforts (as required by PMKVY 3.0).
iv. Lead counselling of candidates through establishment of information and counselling centres and
subsequently formation of training batches.
v. Lead the post-training assistance by establishing links to placements, self-employment, apprenticeships, etc.
vi. Provide handholding support to the candidates after placements.
vii. Address any grievances raised by candidates or by any other party involved in the skill development
process.
viii. At the district level, forecast future industry demand and increase the pool of available individuals to
satisfy the need.
ix. Develop and maintain business relationships in close cooperation with the appropriate departments.
x. Utilise present industries to promote and support increased employment development.
xi. Track the development of diverse apprenticeship schemes throughout the district.
xii. Encourage and support "On the Job Training (OJT)" as a component of the Dual System of Training, and
make certain that apprenticeships are covered (2.5–10% of employees) in the district's industrial and other
facilities.
xiii. Promote self-employment and encourage entrepreneurship by making it easier to acquire loans from
NBFCs, scheduled banks, the MUDRA programme, etc.
xiv. Prepare a District Annual Action Plan for Skill Development under SANKALP and make necessary
revisions and updates as required by the district.
xv. Encourage local economic activities by ensuring that women participate in skill-building programmes.
xvi. Ensure the inclusion of vocational training in the formal education system in all the district's schools and
that it converges with the National Policy of Education, 2020.
xvii. Ensure that all skill-building efforts by various district departments are coordinated.
5. Developing the Annual Skill Target Plan and Identifying Activities/Job Roles for Skill Training

The District Skill Committee created the Annual Skilling Target Plan with the following employment-related
considerations in mind:
A. Locally created wage employment and self-employment options within the district
B. Employment opportunities beyond the district

Total no. of youth to be covered under short term 200

skill training
Existing Skill Development Centres (PMKK+ 03
PMKVY CSSM)
Priority sectors to be covered Tourism and hospitality, Cane and bamboo, IT-ITES,
Electrical, Plumbing, Construction, Furniture and
Fittings, Agriculture, Beauty, and wellness.
Gender Coverage 50% female youth
Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

6. Sector-specific Job Roles (Courses) Proposed for the District

A. Sector: Tourism and Hospitality

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh
B. Sector: Construction

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

C. Sector: Furniture and Fittings

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh
D. Sector: Agriculture and Allied

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

E. Sector: Beauty and Wellness

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

F. Sector: IT and ITES

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh
G. Sector: Electronics and Hardware

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

H. Sector: Plumbing

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

I. Sector: Automotive

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh

J. Sector: Textile and Handlooms

Source: District Skill Development Plan: Tirap, Department of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Govt. Of Arunachal Pradesh
Youth Aspiration Survey of the District

We surveyed the diverse Youth of the Tirap district, considering different backgrounds and educational
levels. Our findings revealed that the district's ecosystem for fostering expertise is intricate, comprehensive,
and multifaceted, with education and vocational training being the two most significant skill-building
systems.

The administration and vocational Trainers in Tirap encounter various issues such as the scattered
infrastructure, lack of awareness, lack of an educational system resulting in an inadequate supply of skilled
workers and the inability to hire a sizable portion of the college-educated population because of their lack of
practical experience.

Mitigating the issues which are creating the hurdles in skill development of Tirap is a top priority for the
local administration, and are taking active measures to address the situation. Consistent efforts are being
made to expand economic activities and create massive employment opportunities to meet the demand side
difficulty. The predicted size of Tirap's young population provides optimism about the district's ability to
meet this demand.

1. Research Methodology

As part of the study, a thorough primary survey was conducted in the Tirap district with about 7,000 people
from different groups to determine their goals and skill development needs. These groups are as follows-

A. School Students: The samples consisted of school students studying at the secondary level and higher
secondary level. Out of them, 53 percent (mainly consisting of 16–20-year-old Youth) wanted to work in the
government sector, as it offers them better job opportunities in terms of job security and better pay. The role
of guardians in the choice of careers for the youth cannot be underestimated, as their preferences play a
significant part in the decision-making process. For today's students, having a job in the public sector is the
most popular aspiration (53%), followed by pursuing a professional degree (25%).

This segment of Youth also showed a strong preference to pursue higher education and is also willing to go
for the various vocational training offered by private sector companies and independent vocational trainers.
Many Youths in the Tirap district have strongly preferred vocational training in the IT sector, which consists
of communication, telecommunication, and information technology. It allows the Youth to cultivate the skill
to participate in the gig economy actively.

A significant number of Youth also showed strong preference into other emerging employment sectors such
as Tourism & Hospitality (33%), Electrician (14%), Handloom & Handicrafts (13%), Health & Allied Sector
(8%), Cosmetology (6%), Sports (6%), and Automobile (4%), etc. attracted the most students who wished to
pursue vocational education. Most students (78%) were interested in attending Skills Development
Programmes, typically 6-month- or 12-month courses. 63% of respondents wished to migrate for career
reasons.
 Field Preferences (School students)

Tourism & Hospitality Electrician Handloom & Handicraft Health & Allied
Cosmetology Sports Automobile

B. Graduate and Post-Graduate Students: The graduate and post-Graduate students also showed great
enthusiasm for the government and administrative level job (67%), followed by 23% in the private job
sectors, and 10 percent have also shown to adopt the entrepreneurial career. The employment landscape in
the Tirap district showcases diverse opportunities in the private sector and the emerging entrepreneurial
space. Recent data indicates that a significant proportion of the Youth has demonstrated a keen interest in
exploring entrepreneurial ventures, with 10 percent already making headway in this direction. It is
heartening to observe a notable surge in the entrepreneurial sector, particularly in the tea plantations segment.
With a considerable number of Youth deeply understanding the gig economy and online platforms such as
Amazon India and Flipkart, they are well-equipped to tap into the burgeoning tea entrepreneurial sector. The
emergence of this sector not only augurs well for the Youth and offers better remuneration for tea planters
and other agricultural workers.

The dynamic and ambitious Youth of the Tirap district have demonstrated their desire to pursue their career
aspirations with fervor and enthusiasm. While seeking better job opportunities, the graduate and post-
graduate Youth also tend to explore opportunities outside the state. The sectors that have particularly
appealed to them include Banking, Finance and Insurance, Education and Training, Academia, and Research
(30%), Information Technology, Communication and Telecommunication, and Engineering (23%). This
motivated group of young professionals has showcased their skills and understanding in these sectors,
consistently increasing the demand for competent professionals. While their willingness to explore
opportunities outside the state is understandable, it is equally important to channel their talent and skills
toward the growth and development of the Tirap district, which has enormous potential in various fields.

C. Vocational Students: Vocational trainers in the Tirap district play a crucial role in equipping young adults
with the necessary skills to succeed in their respective fields. These trainers provide students with practical,
hands-on training in various industries, such as construction, bakery, culinary arts, cosmetology, healthcare,
and more. By imparting industry-specific knowledge and techniques, vocational trainers help students build
a strong foundation in their chosen fields, boosting their chances of securing gainful employment.
Furthermore, these trainers also provide guidance and mentorship to students, helping them navigate the
challenges of the workforce with confidence and competence. In doing so, vocational trainers significantly
contribute to the growth and development of the Tirap district by creating a pool of skilled and competent
professionals to participate actively in the monetary economy of Arunachal Pradesh.

The Youth involved in vocational training mainly consists of Fifty percent of those who did not complete
Class X, compared to the 20% who did, the 18% who completed Class XII, the 11% who had completed
college, and the 1% who had completed graduate school. Most of these respondents (61%) were not
interested in leaving their current location. Self-employed people cited a need for more promotion and
funding as their two biggest challenges. Lack of technical abilities and soft skills were the biggest obstacles
for the wage-employed respondents.

Fig.: Vocational students and their highest level of education

D. School Dropouts: The issue of school dropouts in Tirap demands our attention and concerted efforts to
address the root causes behind it. Most dropouts comprise secondary-level dropouts (55%), followed by
middle-level dropouts (30%) and primary-level dropouts (20%). Our survey revealed that financial reasons
were the primary factor behind dropouts for 50% of students, while family reasons accounted for 30%. The
remaining 20% of dropouts attributed their decision to school-related issues.

It is concerning to note that school dropouts have limited employment opportunities, with 76% of this
segment being unemployed due to a lack of degrees and insufficient skills. However, the agriculture and
plantation sectors have provided employment opportunities for some who have been able to be self-
employed. We must actively encourage these young people to pursue their education further and participate
in vocational training programs to develop the necessary skills for the job market. We must work together to
address the challenges that lead to school dropouts and create a supportive environment that enables young
people to achieve their full potential.

E. Emerging Career Options for Women in Tirap: Women empowerment in the Tirap district has become
our top priority. Unfortunately, women in this area have been culturally disadvantaged regarding
employment opportunities. We acknowledge the importance of women in society and understand the need to
encourage and support them in achieving their goals. Most women in Tirap are involved in household work,
and we must provide them with equal opportunities to pursue education and employment.

Our recent survey revealed that 60% of females in Tirap have yet to gain paid work experience, and this lack
of guidance and experience became a significant barrier to actively participating in the monetary economy.
However, we are thrilled that many women in Tirap have shown a growing interest in vocational training,
which is an excellent initiative for their personal and financial growth. Vocational training is the key to
unlocking the potential of women and providing them with a platform to showcase their skills.

We are delighted to see many female school dropouts and college graduates pursuing vocational training for
baking, beautician, IT-related jobs, and fashion designing, and a front office guest executive is also a
lucrative career option for women in Tirap. Fashion designing is also emerging as a lucrative career option
for the women of the Tirap district. It is a heartening sign that the women of Tirap are taking their future into
their own hands and pursuing careers they are passionate about. We will continue to support and guide these
women and ensure they have the necessary resources to succeed in their chosen careers.

Conclusion and Recommendations

With its gorgeous terrain, lush green forests, and crystal-clear rivers, Tirap has captured the interest of both
tourists and researchers. The district's natural beauty is not the end of it, though. Instead, Tirap is establishing
itself in a number of different fields that support regional growth and create the groundwork for a brighter
future.

1. Advancing Road Connectivity

It is significant to note that building roads in the rocky terrain of Tirap at a steep elevation is an extremely
challenging endeavour. Despite the difficult conditions of a formerly landlocked area, the government of
Arunachal Pradesh has been able to greatly overcome these obstacles. The quality of connectivity within the
district has substantially increased, and access to remote as well as border areas has been effectively
established, thanks to the ongoing support provided by the government for the numerous road connectivity
projects in Tirap.

2. Farmer Empowerment

Through the provision of agro-meteorological consulting services in response to climate change, the
government of Arunachal Pradesh has also been empowering farmers. Itanagar hosted the first-ever farmer
awareness program on July 14, 2023, with Earth Science Minister Kiren Rijiju in attendance. The program's
goal was to increase farmers' capacity and help them become more independent. Such services are expected
to better farmers' options for making a living and boost the district's and the state's agricultural industry.

3. Fostering a Startup Ecosystem

With the assistance of the Arunachal Pradesh Innovation and Investment Park (APIIP), Tirap is now
expeditiously creating a startup ecosystem. The purpose of the APIIP is to enable startups and turn business
owners into visionaries by giving them access to a vibrant ecosystem and supportive infrastructure. The
APIIP offers coworking spaces, incubators, mentorship for businesses, and centers for investment
facilitation. This is a fantastic project by the government of Arunachal Pradesh to create jobs and chances for
self-employment, as well as to inspire young people in the district to become job providers rather than job
seekers.
4. Promoting Indigenous Commodities and Enhancing Vocational Skills

For rural businesses to succeed, it is essential to foster an entrepreneurial culture. The problem has been
addressed by Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs), which offer training programmes to help
rural unemployed youngsters build their skills and enterprises. The Pradhan Mantri-YUVA project for
establishing entrepreneurial training and education across the district is also being carried out by the Ministry
of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). By assisting scaling-up of existing businesses and
leveraging the mentoring of aspiring entrepreneurs, the MSDE is executing entrepreneurship expansion. In
conjunction with this, the AY-NRLM scheme promotes market connections for group women entrepreneurs in
the agricultural and related sectors.
In a nutshell, encouraging the growth of entrepreneurship in the Tirap district necessitates an all-
encompassing and cooperative strategy. The district may foster economic growth by resolving the issues and
adopting the recommended measures into practise. This will help to establish an environment that is
favourable for entrepreneurship. Important elements to consider include access to financing, the development
of infrastructure, skill sets, market connections, government intervention, and utilising regional resources and
cultural heritage. Rural business owners undoubtedly play a significant role in Tirap's economic development.
It is important to make efforts to make it simpler for business owners to obtain funds, loans, and microcredit
facilities. For corporate operations to run more smoothly, infrastructural improvements are required, including
improved road access, power availability, and internet connectivity. People can acquire the information and
abilities needed to succeed as entrepreneurs through skill development programmes, vocational training
facilities, and education with an entrepreneurial focus. For a market to grow, it is essential to build
connections between markets, foster networking possibilities, and encourage partnerships between business
owners, subject-matter experts, and potential clients. The entrepreneurial ecosystem can be further nourished
by government support in the form of advantageous laws, regulatory reforms, tax incentives, and awareness
initiatives.

Highlighting the region's distinctive assets, traditional crafts, and cultural heritage can also draw interest and
open market prospects. Innovation and knowledge exchange can be facilitated by collaboration between
academic institutions, research organisations, and business professionals. The Tirap District can harness its
entrepreneurial potential, promote economic growth, generate job opportunities, and contribute to the general
development of the district and the state of Arunachal Pradesh by implementing these suggestions and
cultivating a supportive environment.