1981 Plessey Television IC Handbook

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TELEVISION
Ie I-IANDBOOK
APRIL 1981
• Plessey
Semiconductors
1641 Kaiser Avenue
Irvine, CA. 92714
$3.50
PSI 1775
This pulication is issued to provide outline information only and (unless specifically agreed to the contary by
the Company in writing) is not to form part of any order or contract or be regarded as representation relating
to the products or services concerned. We reserve the right to alter without notice the specification, design,
price or conditions of supply of any product or service.
2
Contents
1. PRODUCT RANGE INFORMATION ........................................... 7-26
2. TV FREQUENCY SYNTHESISER APPLICATIONS ............................. 27-42
3. INFRA-RED REMOTE CONTROL APPLICATIONS ............................ 43-50
4. REMOTE CONTROL FOR TOYS APPLICATIONS ............................. 51-64
5. ELECTRONIC TOUCH CONTROL APPLICATIONS ........................... 65-76
6. REMOTE CONTROL USING PPM ............................................ 77-94
7. TECHNICAL DATA ......................................................... 99-268
8. PACKAGES ............................................................... 269-278
9. PLESSEY SEMICONDUCTORS WORLD WiDE .............................. 279-284
3
4
CT2010 1GHz -7 380/400 Prescaler ............................................................. 101
CT2012 PLL Synthesiser for TV ............................................................... 103
CT2017 Synthesiser Tuning Interface .......................................................... 109
CT2200 5-Bit Binary to 13-Segment Decoder/Driver ............................................ 113
ML231 B MOS Touch Tuner .................................................................... 117
ML232B MOS Touch Tuner .................................................................... 119
ML236B 6-Channel Cascadable Touch Control Interface ........................................ 121
ML237B 6-Channel Touch Control Interface .................................................... 125
ML920 Remote Control Receiver .............................................................. 133
ML925 Remote Control Receiver for Toys ..................................................... 147
ML926 Remote Control Receivers (with momentary outputs) ................................... 151
ML927 Remote Control Receivers (with momentary outputs) ................................... 151
ML928 Remote Control Receivers (with latched outputs) ....................................... 153
ML929 Remote Control Receivers (with latched outputs) ....................................... 153
SL470 BCD to 1 of 10 Decoder/Varicap Driver ................................................ 157
SL480 Infra-red Pulse Pre-Amplifier .......................................................... 159
SL490 Remote Control Transmitter ........................................................... 163
SL952 UHF Amplifier ........................................................................ 167
SL 1430 TV IF Pre-Amplifier ................................................................... 169
SL1431 TV IF Pre-Amplifier with AGC Generator ............................................... 173
SL 1432 TV IF Pre-Amplifier with AGC Generator ............................................... 173
SL 1440 Parallel Sound & Vision IF Amplifiers & Detectors ...................................... 177
SP4020 VHF/UHF -7 64 Prescalers ............................................................. 179
SP4021 VHF/UHF -7 64 Prescalers ............................................................. 179
SP4040 VHF/UHF -7 256 Prescalers ............................................................ 183
SP4041 VHF/UHF -7 256 Prescalers ............................................................ 183
SW150 Surface Acoustic Wave Color TV IF Filters ............................................. 187
TBA120S Limiting IF Amplifier/FM Detector ..................................................... 197
TBA120T FM IF Amplifier & Demodulator ........................................................ 201
TBA120U FM IF Amplifier & Demodulator ........................................................ 201
TBA440N/P Video IF Amplifier Demodulator ....................................................... 205
TBA530 RGB Matrix Pre-Amplifier ............................................................. 209
5
TBA540 Reference Combination ............................................................... 213
TBA560C Luminance & Chrominance Control Combination ....................................... 217
TBA800 5W Audio Amplifier .................................................. , ................ 221
TBA920 Line Oscillator Combination ........................................................... 225
TBA920S Line Oscillator Combination ........................................................... 225
TBA950:2X Line Oscillator Combination .......................................................... 229
TCA800 Color Demodulator with Feedback Clamps ............................................. 233
TDA440 Video IF Amplifier/Demodulator ....................................................... 237
TDA2522 Color Demodulator Combination ...................................................... 241
TDA2523 Color Demodulator Combination ...................................................... 241
TDA2530 RGB Matrix Pre-Amplifier (with clamps) ............................................... 245
TDA2532 RGB Matrix Pre-Amplifier (with clamps) ............................................... 245
TDA2540 Television IF Amplifier & Demodulator ................................................. 249
TDA2541 Television IF Amplifier & Demodulator ................................................. 249
TDA2560 Luminance & Chrominance Control Combination ....................................... 253
TDA2590 Line Oscillator Combination ........................................................... 257
6
1. PRODUCT RANGE
INFORMATION
7
8
Building Block Ie's
Plessey integrated circuits are on the leading edge of
technology without pushing the ragged edge of capability.
We developed the first 2 GHz counter. And a
family of prescalers and controllers for your TV, radio
and instrumentation frequency synthesizers.
We have a monolithic 1 GHz amplifier. And a
complete array of complex integrated function blocks for
radar signal processing and radio communications.
We can supply data conversion devic6S with propa-
gation delays of just 21/2 nanoseconds.
And a range of MNOS logic that stores data for a
year when you remove the power, yet uses only standard
supplies and is fully TTL/CMOS-compatible.
To develop this edge, we developed our own
processes, both bipolar and MOS. The processes were
designed for quality and repeatability, then applied to our
high volume lines. Most of our IC's are available screened
to MlL-STD-883B, and our quality levels exceed the
most stringent military, TV and automotive
requirements.
Millions of Plessey complex function building block
IC's are being used in TV sets and car radios; CATV,
navigation and radar systems; frequency synthesizers
and telecommunications equipment.
Our global scope of operations, our high volume
manufacturing facilities, our proprietary processes ensure
that we will continue to deliver state-of-the-art technology
and reliability in IC devices at the appropriate prices and
in the required volumes. Day after day. Week after
week. Year after year.
Plessey Semiconductors
•
1641 Kaiser Avenue, Irvine, CA 92714. (714) 540·9979
9
Radar Signal Processing
Since the perfonnance of a radar receiver minimum of external components (one
is critically dependent on the perfonnance capacitor, one resistor per stage), yet has
of its I.F. strip, we offer a range of "build- a band-width of 500 MHz, a dynamic
ing block" IC's that can be used in systems range of 70dB and has a phase shift of
with different perfonnance requirements only ±3° over its entire range. As with
and configurations. most of our other devices, it operates over
The logarithmic I.F. strip shown is an the full MIL-temp range and is available
example of a low cost, high perfonnance screened to MIL-STD-883.
strip fabricated with Plessey IC's. It uses The chart summarizes our Radar Signal
only five devices and a single interstage Processing IC's. Whether you're working
filter to achieve a logging range of 90 dB, with radar and ECM, weapons control or
± 1 dB accuracy, - 90 dBm tangential navigation and guidance systems, our IC's
sensitivity and a video rise time of are a simpler, less expensive, more flex-
ible alternative to whatever you're
LOW NOISE, I LOG I.F STRIP I
LOW NOISE BUFFER
using now for any I.F. strip up to
AGe.ABLE PREAMP AMP/LINE DRIVER
160 MHz.
S~L'SSO.~:.1S22 SL'S23_ . ' . SL~523 SL'~:"',~ For more details, please use the
~ - . rT . .JOO~ IF
postage-paid reply card at the back
INI:UT~ -" _. '~, r~':""'_~N._~_..~.~.,!.!.~UT of this book to order our RADAR
AND RADIO COMMUNICA-
TIONS IC HANDBOOK, or
contact your nearest Plessey
...._......._-_...__ .._..._
....... Semiconductors representative .
20 ns or less.
Three other Plessey IC's PLESSEY IC'S FOR RADAR I.P'S
Wideband Amplifiers for Successive Detection Log Strips
complete the system simply
SL521 30 to 60 MHz center frequency, 12 dB gain.
and economically. The AGC- SL523 Dual SL521 (series).
able SL1550 on the front end SL1521 60 to 120 MHz center frequency, 12 dB gain.
S11522 Dual SL1521 (parallel).
improves noise figure, dy- S11523 Dual S11521 (series).
namic range and sensitivity. Low Phase Shift Amplifiers
The SL541 lets you vary video SL531 True log I.F. amplifier, 10-200 MHz, ±0.5° /10 dB max
output levels, with on-chip phase shift.
SL532 400 MHz bandwidth limiting amplifier, 10 phase shift
compensation making it easy max. when overdriven 12 dB.
to use. And the SL560 is a Linear Amplifiers
"gain block" that replaces SL550 125 MHz bandwidth, 40 dB gain, 25 dB swept gain
control range, 1.8 dB noise figure, interfaces to
your hybrid and discrete microwave mixers.
amplifiers, usually with no S11550 320 MHz bandwidth version of SL550.
external components. SL560 300 MHz bandwidth, 10 to 40 dB gain, 1.8 dB noise
. figure drives 50 ohm loads, low power consumption.
Another advanced system Video Amplifiers and Detectors
function block is the Plessey SL510 Detector (DC to 100 MHz) and video amplifier (DC to
SL531 True Log Amplifier. A 24 MHz) may be used separately, 11 dB incremental
gain 28 dB dynamic range.
6-stage log strip requires a SL511 Similar to SL510 with DC to 14 MHz video amplifier,
16 dB incremental gain.
SL541 High speed op amp configuration, 175 V//lS slew
rate 50 ns settling time, stable 70 dB gain, 50 ns
recovery from overload.
10
Radio Communications
Our comprehensive line of radio system peak deviation. The SL6600 can be used
function blocks is cutting costs, increasing at I.F. frequencies up to 50 MHz, with
reliability and reducing the size of systems deviations up to 10 kHz.
If any of the Plessey devices ap-
pear interesting, use the postage·
paid reply card at the back of this
book to order our RADAR AND
RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IC
HANDBOOK. The Handbook in-
cludes full details on our integrated
circuits, along with a number of ap-
plications circuits and design tips
I. SQUELCH that will help you get the maximum
", 0U11'UT
,
u , system benefits from Plessey
I
L GrKii~ ~ -M!XER- • - - • FILTER'
IF I
00:!Xru iOEcCUPt.f ' SoUElcH NllJSr- - - .J products.
,J, DECOlru,;J;- ,;J;'" ,;J;- ,;J;-' '.';;; _
Or if your need is more urgent,
contact your nearest Plessey Semi-
conductors representative.
in applications that range from
commercial communications PlESSEY RADIO Ie's
to military manpack radios. Amplifiers
Using our bipolar Process I, SL610 SL1610 140 MHz bandwidth, 20 dB gain, 50 dB AGe
range, low 4 dB N.F., low distortion.
the Plessey SL600 Series SL611 SL1611 100 MHz bandwidth, 26 dB gain, sim. to SL61O.
(hermetic) and SL1600 Series SL612 SL1612 15 MHz bandwidth, 34 dB gain, 70 dB AGe
range, 20 mW power consumption.
(plastic DIP) feature a high SL613 145 MHz bandwidth, 12 dB gain, limiting
degree of integration, low amp/detector.
power consumption and ex- Mixers
SL640 SL1640 Double balanced modulator eliminates diode
ceptional system design flex- rings up to 75 MHz, standby power 75 mWtypical.
ibility for I.F:s up to 10.7 MHz. Detectors and AGe Generators
Our SL6000 Series uses our SL620 SL1620 AGe with VOGAD (Voice Operated Gain
bipolar Process III to extend Adjusting Device).
SL621 SL1621 AGe from detected audio.
our building block concept SL623 SL1623 AM SSB detector and AGC from carrier.
even further. Devices all fea- SL1625 AM detector and AGC from carrier.
SL624 AM/FM/SSB/CW detector with audio amplifier.
ture advanced circuit design Audio Amplifiers
techniques that permit higher SL622 Microphone amp. with VOGAD and sidetone amp.
levels of integration, lower SL630 SL1630 250 mW microphone/headphone amplifier.
power consumption and I.F. Amplifiers/Detectors
exceptional performance. SL6600
SL6640
FM double conversions with PLL detector.
FM single conversion, audio stage (10.7 MHz).
Typical is our SL6600, a SL6650 FM single conversion (10.7 MHz).
monolithic IC that contains a SL6690 FM single conversion, low power for pagers
(455 kHz).
complete IF amplifier, de- SL6700 AM double conversion.
tector, phase locked loop and Audio Amplifiers
squelch control. Power con- SL6270 Microphone amplifier with AGe.
sumption is a meager 1.5 rnA Sl6290 SL6270 with speech clipper, buffer and relay driver.
Sl6310 Switchable audio amplifier (400 mW/9V/8 ohms).
at 6 V, SIN ratio is 50 dB, Sl6440 High·level mixer.
dynamic range is 120 dB and
THD is just 1.3% for 5 kHz
11
R.EHybrids
To enhance your systems even further, we have estab-
lished an R.F. hybrid manufacturing facility in our Irvine,
California, U.S.A. headquarters.
For small production quantities or extremely complex
functions, our hybrid capabilities can save you time and
money while improving your system performance, re-
ducing system size and increasing system reliability. We
can help with your I.F. strips, instrumentation front ends,
synthesizer subsystems, high speed A-to-D and D-to-A
converters and other complex high-frequency functions.
They can be fabricated to MIL-STD-883 using thick
and thin film techniques, using our own integrated cir-
cuits in combination with discrete transistors, diodes and
other components.
Our IC functions represent the state-of-the-art in high
frequency integration, with ft's as high as 5 GHz. The
chips are backed by an in-depth in-house systems knowl-
edge that encompasses radar, radio communications, tele-
communications analog and digital conversion, frequency
synthesis and a broad range of applications experience.
We can work to your prints, or we can design a full sys-
tem based on your "black box" specifications. For more
information, please contact: Plessey Semiconductors,
1641 Kaiser Avenue, Irvine CA 92714, (714) 540-9979.
12
13
Frequency Synthesis
Plessey's IC's offer a quick and easy way to lower
synthesizer costs while increasing loop response and
channel spacing all the way from dc through the HF,
VHF, UHF, TACAN and satellite communications bands.
Our single-modulus prescalers operate at frequencies
all the way up to 1.8 GHz. They feature self-biasing clock
inputs, TTL/CMOS-compatibility and all guaranteed to
operate to at least the frequencies shown, most of them
over the temperature range from -55°C to + 125°C.
Our 2-modulus and 4-modulus dividers expand your
system flexibility and allow even tighter channel spacing.
All of them provide low power consumption, low propa-
gation delay and ECL-compatibility.
To simplify your systems even further, we also offer
highly integrated control chips. Our N]8811, for example,
includes a crystal oscillator maintaining circuit, a pro-
grammable reference divider, a programmable divider to
control the four-modulus prescaler and a high performance
phase/frequency comparator so that you can phase lock
your synthesizer to a crystal with none of the usual head-
aches and hassles.
We've put together a FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
IC HANDBOOK that details all of the Plessey IC's and
includes a number of applications circuits, practical
examples of how Plessey integrated circuits can simplify
your designs and improve system performance.
For your copy of the Handbook, please use the postage-
paid reply card at the back of this book, or contact your
nearest Plessey Semiconductors representative.
Charge
Reference Phase Pump &
Oscillator Comparator Filter
~
NP
Program Inputs
14
Frequency (MHz)
o 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 12001300 1400 1500 1600 17001800
, " , " ! I " ! , "
==IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
[
+2 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111.
-
=lln1mllllulUlUlIlllI1II1I1II1I11IlIIUIlIUIlfIIllIllIlIlIllIIllIlIllIlIlUlIllIlIlIllIllIIllIlIlIUIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIWIllIllIUIIIIlIIlIlIlIlIllIlIUIIlIlIIU
1111111111111"'"111111111111111111
1111111111111111111111
[
-:-4 fIllIlIlIlIlIlIllIllIlIlUlllllllttlIIIIUUlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIWIIIIIIUllIlIlIlIIlllnlllllllm",IIll1JJmUlUllllllllllllllllllUlllllltllllllllllllilllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllUlIlIl1
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+5 [ 1lIIIII11IIIImilUlllllllllllUIII111IUIIlIIIIHmlili •
111111111111111111111l11rllllmllluummUllUuumllllllllllllUlIUIIIIIIIIIIII.
+8 [ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Illrrrrllllrrrrrl/tllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.lIllllllllll11111111111111111111.
+ 10 [ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111I1111111111111111111111111111111111111111Ullllllllllllllllilltllllllllllll11
';'16 [ 1I111111111tlllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIJllllUWllllmlll1l1 •
.;.20[ 11111111111111111111111111111
.;-24 [ 11111111111111111111111111111
Low Power
Frequency
IJJJJJUJlJIIIIIIIIIIIIII
_Power
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,*
• -55e to +125C 2- Modulus
Dividers
+10/11 [ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::II:llIlIIllIlIIlUlllltlilltlilltlilltllltt.
=llIIlIllllIltlllIlllIlll1l11l1lll1l1ll11l11l1llll1llllll1l1ll1lll.
-:-20/22 [ IIl11l1l1tl1lllllllll1ll1ll1llll1l1l1llll1ll1ll1l1lll1l1l1mtllllllllUlrrrrrtllltllfllllUU1II11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111WlllllllltlilIJIIII
.;.40/41 [ ~1I1111111111111"' •
.;-80/81 [ :':'=:11111111111111111'.
7256/255/240/239 [ 11I11I11I1I1111t1II1IIIII1I11I1I1IIIH1I1I1IIII1II1I1III1IIII1I1I11I11I11
4- Modulus
.;- 512/511/496/495 [
]
'"III1I1IUUW)J1J11l1lmHIllIlIlIIIIIlInIlIII1lI1II1I1IIIIIIIIIIIIIII1I11I11I1III11I11111tlllllllllllllllllllllllll111tlllllLIIIIIII1IIIII1 Dividers
o 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Typical Power (mW)
15
Telecommunications
Plessey functional building block IC's devices that plug directly into your
are exceptionally versatile. Designed designs, we have a number of devices
from a systems standpoint, they re- designed for your low noise and ultra-
duce complexity and lower costs while high frequency applications.
increasing the perfonnance of telecom- The Plessey TELECOMMUNICA-
munications systems. TIONS IC HANDBOOK contains complete
Our SL600 Modulator/Phase Locked infonnation on all of these devices, as
Loops are used in wavefonn generators well as application notes, to help you get
and in AM, PAM, FM, FSK, PSK, PWM, the most out of them. To get your copy,
tone burst and Delta modulators. please use the postage-paid reply card
Our S11000 Series amplifiers meet at the back of this book or call your nearest
the most stringent demands of telephone. Plessey Semiconductors representative.
transmission equipment.
Our transistor arrays with
up to five electrically and
Telecommunications Devices
thennally matched transistors
MJl440 HDB3 encoder/decoder
on a chip are ideal for dis- MJ 1444 PCM synchronizing word generator
crete and hybrid amplifiers MJ 1445 PCM synchronizing word receiver
MJl471 HDB3/AMI encoder/decoder
and mixers. In addition to Data Communications MOS
standard second-source MP3812 32 x 8·bit FIFO memory, serial or parallel, up to
0.25 MHz data rates, easily stacked.
MJ2841 64 x 4-bit FIFO memory, 5 MHz clock rate.
Modulator/Phase locked loops
Sl650 Modulator/Pll for AM, PAM, SCAM, FM, FSK,
PSK, tone-burst and Delta modulation;
VFO variable 100:l.
Sl651 Similar to Sl650 without auxiliary amplifier.
Sl652 Similar to Sl650, low cost.
Telephone Circuits
SlIOOl Modulator/demodulator, 50 dB carrier and signal
suppression, -112 dBm noise level.
SlI021 3 MHz channel amplifier, stable remote
gain control.
SlI025 FDM balanced modulator, 50 dB carrier and signal
suppression, 5 dB conversion gain.
SlI030 200 MHz wideband amplifier, programmable gain,
low noise.
Transistor Arrays
PlESSEY 2ND-SOURCE PlESSEY 2ND-SOURCE
PART NO. PART NO. PART NO. PART NO.
Sl3081 CA3081 Sl3051 CA3951
Sl3082 CA3082 Sl355 NONE
Sl3083 CA3083 TBA673 TBA673
SL3183 CA3183 S1I495 CA1495L
Sl3146 CA3146 S1I496 MC1496G
Sl3093 CA3093 S1I496 MC1496l
Sl3018 CA3018 S1I595 MC1595l
Sl3018A CA3018A SL1596 MC1596G
Sl3118A CA3118A S1I596 MC1596l
Sl3118 CA3118 Sl3054 CA3054
Sl3050 CA3050 SL3086 CA3086
Sl360 High frequency matched pair, ft=2.5 GHz.
Sl363 low noise matched pair, ft=2.2 GHz.
Sl2363/4 5GHz dual long-tailed pair.
Sl3145 Five transistor array, ft=2.5 GHz.
16
Television Ie's
Plessey integrated circuits are in mil- receive up to four completely different
lions of homes, in television sets around standards (PAL, SECAM, SECAMF, and
the world. NTSC) in a single TV set. It has 100 chan-
Economical and reliable, our devices nel capability per standard, and includes
cover the range from remote controls a 32-program non-volatile memory that
to touch tuners to frequency synthesizers, contains channel, fine tuning and standards /
as well as a range of second-source information. And it can be interlaced to
devices for the IF color processing and a Plessey or other microprocessor for
line oscillators. games, Teletext or similar applications.
For the 1980's, we have introduced the Complete data on all our television
Plessey KEY System, designed for max- devices has been assembled in our TELE-
imum flexibility, simplicity and ease of VlSION IC HANDBOOK, along with
manufacture. The KEY System frequency application notes to make them even
synthesizer offers accurate, high stability easier to use. Please use the postage-paid
frequency selection, channel and program reply card at the back of this book to order
identification, and the very finest digital your copy, or simply contact your nearest
fine tuning. It can be configured to Plessey Semiconductors representative.
SWlSO
SWlS3
SW170
CT2010
CT2012
CT2014
TDA2523
ALL TBA, TCA, lOA DEVICES ARE SECOND-SOURCED.
17
ECL III Logic and Data Conversion
As radar and communications systems speed A-to-D converters. Our latching
become faster and more complex, the SP9750 high speed comparator features
need arises for digital processing. a maximum settling time of 2 ns, a prop-
We have developed a family of functions agation delay of 3.5 ns and is capable of
with speeds unequalled anywhere. operating at rates up to 100 million
Part of our family is a range of ECL III samples per second.
logic that is a direct plug-in replacement Currently, our devices are being used
for MECL logic, including low impedance in radar and video processing, nucleonics
as well as high impedance devices. We systems, transient recorders and secure
extended the range by adding functions speech transmission systems. We have
with lower delays and much higher operat- compiled a number of application notes
ing speeds. Our SP16F60, for example, and details on the devices in our ECL III
is the world's fastest dual4-input LOGIC AND DATA CONVERSION IC
OR/NOR gate, with a switching speed of HANDBOOK. To get your copy, please
just 500 picoseconds. Devices can also use the postage-paid reply card at the
be selected for certain specifications back of this book, or contact your nearest
(such as threshold voltage or slew rate on Plessey Semiconductors representative.
our SP1650/1, toggle rates
or delays on our SP1670) to HIGH SPEED ECl III LOGIC
handle your most demanding SP1648 Voltage controlled oscillator
applications. We've also SP1650 Dual AID comparator, H i-Z
developed a family of high SP1651 Dual AID comparator, lo-Z
SP1658 Voltage controlled multi vibrator
speed comparators and SP1660 Dual 4-IIP OR/NOR gate, Hi-Z
circuits for ultra- high SP1661 Dual 4-IIP OR/NOR gate, Lo-Z
SP1662 Quad 2-IIP NOR gate, Hi-Z
SP1663 Quad 2-I/P NOR gate, lo-Z
SP1664 Quad 2-IIP OR gate, Hi-Z
SP1665 Quad 2-IIP OR gate, lo-Z
SP1666 Dual clocked R-S Flip-Flop, Hi-Z
SP1667 Dual clocked R-S Flip-Flop, lo-Z
SP1668 Dual clock latch, Hi-Z
SP1669 Dual clock latch, lo-Z
SP1670 Master-slave D Flip-Flop, Hi-Z
SP1671 Master-slave D Flip-Flop, Hi-Z
SP1672 Triple 2-IIP exclusive-OR gate, Hi-Z
SP1673 Triple 2-IIP exclusive-OR gate, lo-Z
SP1674 Triple 2-IIP exclusive-NOR gate, Hi-Z
SP1675 Triple 2-IIP exclusive-NOR gate, Lo-Z
SP1692 Quad line receiver
SP16F60 Dual 4-IIP OR/NOR gate
HIGH SPEED DATA CONVERSION PRODUCTS

SP9680 High speed latched comparator_
SP9685 Ultra-fast comparator; 0_5 ns typical set-up time; typical
2_2 ns propagation delay; excellent CMR_
SP9687 Dual SP 9685.
SP9750 High speed latched comparator with precision current
source, wired-OR decoding; 2 ns min. set-up time; 2.5 ns
propagation delay.
SP9752 2-bit ADC expandable to 6-bit ADC; very fast 125 MHz clock.
SP9754 4-bit ADC expandable to 8-bit ADC; very fast 100 MHz clock.
SP9768 8-bit DAC; extremely fast; available 3rd quarter 1980.
SP9778 8-bit SAR; works with SP9768 to make a two-chip succes-
sive approximation ADC (20 MHz ciock); available 4th
quarter 1980.
18
MNOS Non-Volatile Logic
As semiconductors become more pervasive in military
and commercial applications, the need for non-volatile
data retention becomes more and more criticaL
Plessey NOVOL MNOS devices answer that need, and
will retain their data for at least a year (-40°Cto +70°C)
in the event of "power down" or a system crash.
Our devices all operate from standard MOS supplies
and are fully compatible with your TTL/CMOS designs.
The high voltages normally associated with electrically-
alterable memories are generated on-chip to make
system interface simpler and less expensive.
Plessey NOVOL devices provide a reliable, sensible
alternative to CMOS with battery back-up or mechanical,
electro-mechanical and magnetic devices. Applications
include metering, security code storage, microprocessor
back-up, elapsed time indicators, counters, latching
relays and a variety of commercial, industrial and
military systems.
For more information, contact your nearest Plessey
Semiconductors representative, or use the postage-paid
reply card at the back of this brochure to order your copy
of the Plessey NOVOL literature package.
PlESSEY NOVOl MNOS
MN9102 4-bit Data latch ( + 5V, -12V)

MN9105 4-Decade Up/Down Counter (+ 5V, -12V)
MN9106 6-Decade Up Counter (12V only)
MN9107 IOO-Hour Timer (12V only)
MN9108 IO,OOO-Hour Timer (12V only)
MN9110 6-Decade Up Counter with Carry (12V only)
MN9210 64 x 4-Bit Memory
* 8 x 4-Bit Memory
6-Decade Up/Down Counter, BCD Output
6-Decade Up/Down Counter with Preset BCD Output
* COMING SOON
19
Power Control
Plessey power control devices are highly spike filter prevents misfiring on noise
integrated not just to solve the problems, inputs. Symmetrical control prevents the
but to solve them at a lower cost than any introduction of dc components onto the
other available method. power lines.
For timing, our devices use a pulse Devices have been tailored for
integration technique that eliminates the specific applications as indicated in the
need for expensive electrolytic capacitors, chart. For more information, please use
thus increasing accuracy and repeatability the postage-paid reply card at the back of
while reducing costs. An integral supply this book to order our POWER CONTROL
voltage sensing circuit inhibits triac gate IC HANDBOOK, or contact your nearest
drive circuitry if the supply is dangerously Plessey Semiconductors representative.
low to prevent half-wave
firing and firing without LOAD CURRENT
achieving complete bulk
conduction. A zero-voltage
Sl440 Proportional phase

control for motors, lamps
and lower power, fast
response heating.
Sl441 Similar to Sl440, with

proportional temperature
control and thermister
malfunction sensing, for 11
hairdryers, soldering SERVO
irons and food warmers. ~~~~~ I

IINVERTlNG) I SERVO
I AMPLIFIER
I VARIABLE
Sl442 Switch mode power sup- OELAY
I PULSE
ply control, up to 40 kHz, I GENERATOR
L __ _
integral oscillator, vari-
1l
able ratio space/mark
pulses, soft'start, dynamic
SERVO ERROR
OUTPUT I TIMING
CAPACITOR C1
SL440
current limiting, OVP.
Sl443 Similar to Sl441 with

manual power control,
long timing periods for
hot plates, electric
blankets and traffic lights.
Sl444 Similar to Sl441 for 240V

~.:",.~~~':: • •
permanent magnet motor .. I
with thermal trip,

',~~~~ ~,M:.'~~.~ '.
current limit detector.
Sl445 Proportional or On/Off

control, temperature trip/
inhibit circuitry, lED and
alarm drive facilities, for
ovens, heaters, industrial
temperature controllers. .:::: :::::::g. "~-----1
Sl446 On/Off servo loop temper·

ature controller, lowexter-
nal component count, for
water and panel heaters, ".... 'r-----m.
refrigerators, irons.
TBAI085 Motor speed control

SL445
20
Processes,TestiIffi~ ~illlcdl QUIl21llnltyCC(())IDltrol
Just as we applied our systems knowledge development ensures that any new prod-
to the partitioning of functions to make our ucts we introduce will be on the leading
IC's extremely flexible and cost effective, edge of technology, yet with the same
we also developed an internal system con- high performance and reliability that our
cept to ensure that we could deliver our customers have come to expect as the
state-of-the-art solutions year after year. Plessey standard.
Our concept of standard processes The result is that millions of Plessey
and rigid design rules ensures that our devices have been built into TV sets and
devices are reproducible this year, next car radios; CATV, navigation and radar
year and five years from now. Our con- systems; frequency synthesizers and
tinuing investment in research and telecommunications equipment.
21
Plessey MOS Processes
P-channel metal gate MOS has been they may be used with standard
in production for years and is used for supply voltages.
both standard Plessey products and cus- N-channel metal gate MOS uses
tom LSI. Using ion implantation to modify an auto-registration co-planar process
transistor and field threshold voltages, we with layout similar to our p. MOS. Ion
can reproduce virtually any p-channel implantation is used to define the thres·
metal gate process, with or without deple· hold voltage of the depletion and enhance·
tion loads. ment transistors. The constant·current·likE
MNOS (non-volatile) is essentially a characteristics of depletion load devices
p-MOS process with variable threshold give the most effective driving capability,
memory transistors fabricated alongside and enhancement· depletion technology
conventional MaS transistors. A modified simplifies design and increases packing
oxide-nitride gate dielectric permits the density. The field threshold voltage is
injection and retention of charge to change also controlled by an ion implant, allowing
the threshold voltage. Current Plessey the use of a lightly doped substrate. This
products will retain an injected charge reduces both the body constant and the
for at least a year, and include an on- junction capacitance and results in faster
chip high voltage generator so that switching speeds.
METAL GATE MOS
I High/Low Threshold I I
Integrated MOS & MNOS I
lIon Implantation I Vr(MOS)= -2 volts r
V =18 volts V'-r=7 volts
Depletion/Enhancement /30 (MOS)=4 to 9/lAN' BVOSS=20 volts BVoss=20 volts
~~"
Vr FIELD>60 volts
VT = 1.0 to 7.0 volts
BVoss >60 volts
V;' =>20 volts
/30=4)012 J1A/V'
Vr(MNOS)=Electrically
alterable between 0 and
IL to 3O"AI'"
VT ENHANCEMENT= 1V±0.2
J
-16 volts typo VJ DEPLETION= 1.8V±O.3V
CLOCK FREQ.=8 MHz
CUSTOM DESIGNS MN9000 SERIES CUSTOM DESIGNS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS

AUTOMOTIVE AND SYNTHESIZER CONTROLLERS
MICROCELL TV SYNTHESIZERS
22
Plessey Bipolar Processes
Bipolar Process I is a conventional Bipolar Process III uses very shallow
buried +N layer diffusion process with diffusion and extremely narrow spacing
f t =600 MHz and other characteristics for high frequency integrated circuits with
similar to industry-standard processes. unusually low power consumption and
Applications range from high reliability high packing densities. An f t of 2.5 GHz
military devices to high volume con- allows us to routinely produce analog
sumer products. amplifiers with bandwidths as high as
300 MHz and low power dividers and
Process Variant A B G D prescalers that operate at frequencies up
Non
Application General Saturating Saturating Linear
to 1.2 GHz. Process variants allow us to
Purpose Logic Logic Consumer produce devices with an extended /3,
BVCBO@ 10IlA
BVEBO @lOIlA
20Vmin.
S.3V to
10Vmin.
S.lSVmin.
10Vmin. 4SVmin.
S.lSV min. 6.BV to
higher breakdown voltages and very
S.BSV 7,4V small geometries.
LVCEO l2Vmin. BVmin. BVmin. 20Vmin.
VCE (SAT) @
IB=lmA, 0,43V 0.32V 0,43V 0.6V Process Variant WE
IC=lOmA max. max. max. max. Application Digital
hFE@ IC=SmA, 40 to 200 SO min. SO min. 50 to 200 BVCBO@ 10llA 10V min.
VCE=SV BVEBO@ 10llA 5.lV to S.BV
IT @ IC=SmA, SOO SOO SOO 3S0 LVCEO 7Vmin.
VCE=SV MHz MHz min. MHz min. MHz min. VCE (SAT) @ IB=lmA,
IC=lOmA O.SV max.
hFE @ IC=5mA, VCE=2V 40 to 200
Bipolar High Voltage (HVI Process is IT @ IC=5mA, VCE=2V 1.B GHz
a variant of Process I that yields an LVceo
greater than 45 volts. Doping levels can Bipolar Process 3V is an f'xtension
be controlled and an extra diffusion used of our Process m. Ion implantation and
to fabricate a buried avalanche diode with washed emitters have given the process
a 40 V breakdown for absorbing powerful an f t =6.5 GHz, allowing us to produce
noise transients without being destroyed. dividers working at 2 GHz, logic gates
with delays of less than 500 picoseconds
Process Variant CA and linear amplifiers at 1 GHz.
BVCBO @ 10llA BOVmin.
BVEBO@ 10llA 7.2V to B.OV
LVCEO 4SVmin. Process variant wv
VCE/(SAT)@ IB=lmA, Application Digital
IC=lOmA 0.4V max. BVCBO @ 10llA BVmin.
hFE@ IC=SmA BVEBO @ 10llA 3.0Vto S.OV
VCE=SV, BO to 300 LVCEO@ SmA 6Vmin.
IT @ IC=SmA, VCE=5V 250 MHz min. VCE(SAT) @ IB=lmA,
IC=lOmA 0.5Vmax.
hFE @ IC=lOmA, VCE=SV 40 to 120
fT @ IC=5mA, VCE=2V 6.5 GHz
23
Testing and Quality Control
A major thrust of our development screening, and most Plessey IC's are avail-
work is to ensure that our processes will able screened to MIL-STD-883 and other
routinely produce reliable devices. Our international specifications. Our quality
Process ill has a projected MTBF of levels exceed the most stringent military,
400,000 hours while our Process I is TV and automotive requirements as a
even better. matter of course.
Our facilities include the latest test But the best proof of all these claims
equipment (such as the Macrodata MD501, is our products themselves. After you've
Teradyne J324 and Fairchild Sentry VII reviewed the products that could help you
and Sentinel) to allow us to perform all the with your systems, use the postage-paid
necessary functional and parametric test- reply card or contact your nearest Plessey
ing in-house. We have an internal capability representative for complete details.
to provide specific applications-oriented
ASSEMBLY OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

QUALITY ASSURANCE
o KEY
PROCESS OPERATION
D IN-LINE INSPECTION
<> MONITOR OR QUALITY

CHECK
24
I.C. Screening to MIL-STD-S83
The following Screening Procedures are available from Plessey Semiconductors
class class class *standard

A B C products
PRE CAP PRE CAP PRE CAP PRE CAP
VISUAL VISUAL VISUAL VISUAL
STABILIZATION STABILIZATION
BAKE BAKE
THERMAL
SHOCK
TEMPERATURE
CYCLING
MECHANICAL
SHOCK
CENTRIFUGE CENTRIFUGE
HERMETICITY HERMETICITY HERMETICITY HERMETICITY
INTERIM INTERIM
ELECTRICAL TEST ELECTRICAL TEST
BURN-IN BURN-IN
INTERIM
ELECTRICAL TEST
REVERSE BIAS
BURN-IN
FINAL FINAL FINAL

ELECTRICAL TEST ELECTRICAL TEST ELECTRICAL TEST
Plessey Semiconductors reserve the right to change the

Screening Procedure for Standard Products.
25
26
2. TV FREQUENCY
SYNTHESISER
27
28
INTRODUCTION
The Key System is a second-generation fre- programmed with tuning information for the most
quency synthesis kit of integrated circuits, dev- common PAL, SECAM and NTSC standards.
eloped by Plessey Semiconductors for the tele- To allow expansion to higher levels of sophis-
vision market. The first generation system (which tication, Plessey Semiconductors have developed
many other manufacturers have since attempted a range of optional circuits for the Features
to emulate) prompted suggestions from cust- Block. These circuits (again, controlled via the
omers for other features that they would like to Keybus) at present provide digital clock, on-
see incorporated into such a system_ This valu- screen display, and a Keybus-Mibus interface for
able input, combined with Plessey Semi- Teletext and Viewdata.
conductors' expertise in frequency synthesis and In Keyway 1, the component ICs of the Key
high speed dividers, led to the design of the Key System are described, and a number of configur-
System. ations illustrated. In addition, the general prin-
The Key System is not simply a re-vamp of the ciples of frequency synthesis are discussed in
first-generation kit, but rather a complete re- Appendix 1 and a summary of Key System
design. The aim was to simplify the television circuits is given in Appendix 2.
designer's task by offering circuits which could THE SYNTHESISER BLOCK
be grouped together in cost-effective modular Fig.2 shows the Synthesiser Block, comprising
blocks. By choosing an appropriate selection the CT2010, CT2012 and CT2017. Together
from the wide range of options available within with the varicap-controlled VCO in the tuner,
the Key System, the designer can quickly assem- they form a phase-locked loop which is controlled
ble a configuration which is tailored to his via the Keybus. The CT2010 includes a sensitive
specific requirements. pres caler which requires no additional pre.
Fig.l shows, in simplified form, the essential amplification of the tuner's local oscillator signal.
elements of the Key System. Radiation from the circuits in the Synthesiser
Block is very low: screening round these circuits
is, therefore, not necessary.
The Synthesiser Block contributes the.following
features:
• -;- 20 prescaler(CT201O)
• -;-19/20 two-modulus divider (CT2010)
• Delay-tolerant modulus control
• 2.5kHz reference frequency (CT2012)
• Power low detector (CT2017)
• Signal quality detector (CT2017)
• Varicap control (CT2017)
• 'Exact' tuning in 50kHz fine tuning steps
Full technical data for the CT2010, CT2012
and CT2017 are published in Keydata,
FEATURES tELETEXTlVlEWDATA Synthesiser Block.
BLOCK
(OPTIONS)
ON·SCREEN
DISPLAY
Fig. 1 The Key System
The Synthesiser Block (comprising three inte-

grated circuits which are common to all Key
System configurations) provides highly accurate
phase-locked loop tuning and is used in
conjunction with a conventional varicap tuner.
The Synthesiser Block is controlled by means of
coded information transmitted on the Keybus
data highway by the Control Block.
Just as the Syn thesiser Block con tribu tes pre-
cision and stability of tuning, so the Control Block
provides the versatility of the Key System through
the wide range of optional circuits and configur- Fig. 2 Synthesiser Block
ations available. Control Block options include
local and remote programme selection, ded- KEYBUS
icated control ICs, microprocessor control and a The Keybus is a four-line bi-directional data
selection of four read-only memory 'Key' circuits plus multiplex clock highway. Control codes are
29
sent along the Keybus when the clock is low, and the well-proven 14 x 100 ER1400INC7400
data when clock is high. Ones or zeroes are which is available from a number of suppliers.
inserted between adjacent codes or data words to This is capable of storing the following
avoid spurious instructions. All devices driving information for each of 32 programmes: Key loca-
the Keybus should have open drain outputs, for tion, channel number, fine tuning information
which pull-up resistors (nominally 4kQ) are (50kHz steps), Auto Mode bit. The Key location
included in the CT2012. information is not stored in the single-standard
microprocessor version.
CONTROL BLOCK On selection of a programme number, the non-
The integrated circuits from which a variety of volatile memory is read to give the Key location;
Control Block configurations can be constructed this will access the appropriate division ratio
include: three Control circuits CT2014, CT2015 stored against the channel number in the
or CTl650A/PIC1650Z-20 microprocessor; a relevant Key. The correction tuning information
choice of up to four CT2030 series Key ROMs is also fed out of the programme memory and, if
{each programmed with 100 channels of stored the Auto bit is set, the system will switch to Auto
frequency and name informa tion and the ML 1900 Mode. In this mode of operation the digital
and ML 191 0 remote control receiver/transmitter signals from the CT2017 AFC Control are sent to
combina tion. the control circuit (CT2014, CT2015 or
Also optional to the Key System Control Block
CT1650A, etc.) where they are used to change
is the ER1400/NC7400 non-volatile memory,
which can be used to store (against each pro- the frequency in the PLL in 50kHz steps. If the
gramme number) Key location, channel number correction tuning is changed manually, the Auto
(channel name and band accessed from Key), Mode bit will be cancelled. Therefore, in order to
fine tuning adjustments and Auto on/off store both correction tuning data and set the
information. Auto Mode bit, the correction tuning must be
An alternative to the use of any of the above stored first.
Control circuit options is a Control Block con- CT2200 Display Driver
sisting of a microprocessor chosen and pro- If one wishes to show the programme selected
grammed by the system designer. This choice on LED displays, then the CT2200 non-
still enables the benefits of the Plessey Key multiplexed display driver can be used in con-
System Synthesiser Block to be reaped, while junction with two seven-segment, common-anode
using the microprocessor to perform other func· arrays.
tions as well as controlling the phase-locked loop. This device takes the 5-bit binary input, 00000
to 11111, and directly drives two displays, 1 to
Key Circuits (CT2030 series) 32. The only external components needed are for
The emphasis throughout the Key System is brightness control (as illustrated in Fig .3). The
high technical performance and flexibility at a
CT2200 is driven from the + 5 V supply used
competitive price. For this reason we have de- throughout the system.
signed the Key circuits, each one of which con-
tains a 100 channel ROM to tune to the correct MLl900/10 Remote Control
channel frequencies for a particular IF. Hence, The Remote control circuits, the ML1910
each Key is designed for one particular standard. receiver and the MLl900 transmitter offer the
Obviously, since we have gone to the trouble of following fea tures:
giving the possibility of 'exact' tuning (by using • Up to 288 commands (including Teletext,
50kHz fine tuning steps in the PLL), it makes Viewdata, etc.)
sense to use the exact frequency rather than an • 'Base Mode' plus eight shift modes
approximation based on another transmission • Six analogues, 64 levels
standard's IF. Up to four Key circuits can be • MLl910 receiver doubles as 'local'
attached to the Keybus, giving the opportunity keyboard encoder
for a multistandard system. • Full compatibility with CT2015 and
In addition to holding the frequency list for one ML2000 series (see Features Block, below)
particular standard, information is also stored in FEATURES BLOCK
each Key circuit for the channel name and band It may be that the designer would like to add to
against each channel number. The necessary
his system some special feature which can be
interface logic for the non-volatile programme
activated from local or remote control. Our
memory is also present on each Key circuit. Since ML2000 series is designed to work with the
these devices are pin compatible with each other, ML 1900 series to meet just such a requirement,
their position on the Keybus is immaterial, any allowing the manufacturer to add that individual
Key can occupy the prime (Key 0) position touch to his product range. We will be happy to
through which any other Keys will interface with discuss this type of development. These special
the programme memory. Features circuits are designed to be controlled
The CT1650A/PIC1650Z-20 does not require externally from the Keybus with the minimum of
an external Key circuit to be added to the bus. external components.
Information from one Key, the CT2030 (Pal B &
G) has been included in the memory of this micro· Circuits already in development are:
processor. • ML2001 Keybus/Mibus interface for teletext
and viewdata
The Non-Volatile Programme • ML2020 12 or 24 hour crystal clock (LED
Memory and/or on-screen display)
An optional add-on to every Control Block is a • ML2040 On-screen display (includes
non-volatile programme memory. We have used channel name, e.g. S14)
30
SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS
A Basic CT2014 System ___-;.---4 KEY SElECTCSTAHOAAD)
A system giving local or remote selection of up

to 32 programmes is shown in Fig .3. Channel
information is stored in the non-volatile memory
-==::t==i} ON"." ".""OJ
by a 14 line digital input. This configuration is
well suited to the rental market.
Many viewers, once their television set has
been 'tuned' to certain stations, prefer to select
just programme numbers. The configuration
shown in Fig.3 allows the programme memory to
be set up by using switches (as shown in Fig.4) to
enter details of transmission standard, channel
number, fine tuning and the signal tracking
option (Auto). Of course, since the Key System Fig. 4 Switches to initialise the programme memory
uses frequency synthesis, the sta lions required do
not have to be transmitting in order to initialise for any reason the transmitted signal is not
the programme memory. Having programmed exactly in the centre of the channel, then the
the memory, if access to the switches is pro- system can be tuned to an off-centre frequency by
hibited, this tuning information is fixed in the using the manual fine tune switches. These
non-volatile programme store. Thus, accidental enable a tuning correction to be stored in the
off-tuning of the set is not possible. Access to the memory location in 50kHz steps from -3.9MHz
fine tune and Auto switches allows re-tuning to + 4MHz of the channel centre.
limited to the correct channel only. These switches have immediate effect on the
If only one Key is used then the switches for picture and programme memory. They operate
KEY SELECT are not required. The particular with roll over at end of channel, so it is impossible
Key chosen, depends on the market region being to tune outside the desired channel.
served. If the transmitted signal is likely to drift, the
To fill a memory location, first the particular Auto bit may be set in the memory location. This
programme number is selected, then the will activate the Auto Mode, fine tuning the
appropriate Key and the desired channel number system using AFC (whilst remaining in the phase-
are set up on the switches. Closing the TUNE locked loop), every time that particular pro-
switch causes the Key and channel number to be gramme is chosen.
written in the selected memory location. In most Programme selection can be either by local or
cases, this will be all that is required. However, if remote control; the input used is five bit binary.
Fig. 3 A single-standard CT20 14-con trol/ed system
31
Multistandard CT2014 control programme store is required then, as in all Key
The Control Block in Fig.S is similar to the one System configurations the non-volatile pro-
in Fig.3, the difference being that the user is gramme memory may be omitted.
allowed local control of channel and fine tuning. The channel number and fine tuning .informa-
Up to 32 programmes can be selected from local tion stored in the memory can be accessed via the
or remote control. Fine tuning can also be con- Control circuit by the S bit programme number.
trolled remotely with the addition of some logic. This input is well suited to remote control
Fig.S shows how the basic system, already des- interfaces. The CT2200 is again used to display
cribed, can be expanded. The method of the selected programme number whilst a 7447 is
initialising the programme memory is as before used to display the Key and channel numbers
but, in this case, the viewer may be allowed to chosen.
directly change Key (standard), channel or fine As already indicated, it may be desirable to
tuning information allocated to a programme place the switches for Key and channel number
number. away from the front of the set. The TUNE button is
Up to four Keys can be added to the Keybus, required to update this information, so it too may
giving a multistandard system. This option is also be concealed for the purposes of everyday opera-
available with CT20 IS control. tion of the receiver. The FINE. TUNE UP, FINE
The method by which the Key and channel tens TUNE DOWN and AUTO push button switches
and units are selected is optional. Either BCD do not affect the channel number accessed,
switches, or a running counter can be used. therefore they may be left on the control panel of
However, single pole switches may be preferable the set. Both fine tune switches operate with 'roll
if the user is not allowed access to these switches. over' within the 8MHz channel as does the AUTO
If the viewer is permitted to select a station by switch. If a viewer has difficulty returning to a
channel number then one or several memory signal which he has tuned away from, he can re-
locations can be allocated for such use. The new turn by keeping one of the fine tune switches de-
channel information can only be tuned to and pressed or by simply pressing the AUTO button.
stored in the memory when TUNE is enabled. If a Any fine tune adjustments and the AUTO
STORE command is required instead of auto- command are automatically stored in the non-
matic programme update, then a CT201S con- volatile memory against that programme
figuration should be used (see Figs.7 and 8). If no number.
Fig. 5 A multistandard CT2014·control/ed system
32
Microprocessor control
We have already indicated that the Synthesiser local controls allow channel selection, channel
Block (CT201O, CT2012 and CT2017) is very sweep, fine tuning, AUTO selection and pro-
well suited to a microprocessor application, an gramme step. This version fills the gap between
example of which is shown in Fig.6. the simple and comprehensive frequency syn-
The Control Block is connected to the Synthe- thesis systems.
siser Block via the Keybus as before. One Key is It will be observed that no Key circuit is
programmed into the microprocessor (CT1650AI present in this application. This is because the
PIC1650Z-20). Features available are manual CT1650A/PIC160Z-20 has an internal 'key',
and auto fine tuning, channel and programme for PAL Band G.
selection, plus a channel sweep. Remote control To initialise the programme memory, first
can be expanded from programme selection to select the required location then the channel
operating the other features. number (by Channel Tens Step and Channel
The CT2014 provides several configurations Units Step). If the station is off-centre then any
which are ideal for the European Market or others necessary fine tuning performed is also auto-
where station selection is by programme number. matically stored. Similarly if AUTO MODE is
The CT1650A/PIC1650Z-20 gives a little more, selected, the AUTO bit is set for that programme.
for markets where sometimes channel numbers Again, because of the automatic programme
are used for tuning by the viewer, but usually all information update feature in this system, it is
that is required from remote control is pro- recommended that either the programme
gramme selection. As well as local or remote con- memory is disconnected or a special location is
trol of up to 32 programmes, push-button allocated for temporary channel tuning.
+5V
+12V
Fig. 6 A microprocessor·controlled system
33
Multistandard CT2015 system
The configuration of the Control Block shown in with the ML191O-a remot~ control receiver
Fig.7 allows full control of all features, which doubles as a keyboard encoder. The
which are: direct channel and programme selec- ML 1900 remote control series is briefly described
tion, manual and auto fine tuning, sweep, store, later in this edition of Keyway and, together with
channel tens and units stepping, programme the ML2001 (KEYBUSIMIBUS interface), more
stepping, and selection of up to 4 standards (by fully in Keyway 5.
using the Key circuits). The features offered with the configuration
The CT2015 control also allows other devices shown in Fig.7 are: direct channel and 'pro-
to be added to the Keybus, for example, clock, gramme selection, channel and programme step-
TeletextNiewdata interface and on-screen ping, channel sweep, store command, manual
display. and Auto fine tuning (again, 50kHz step), control
The CT2015 control circuit gives the manu- of a teletext decoder, control 01 a clock, six ana-
facturer the ability to configure his own system, logues, 32 programmes, storing fine tuning
which in terms of features and performance leads adjustments and 'Switch to Auto' command,
the market. It is the most versatile of the Key choice of up to four transmission standards, and
System control options. standard, channel and programme number
The CT2015 interfaces, through the Keybus, displays.
.5. CER1~~ ___--l+'2V
Fig. 7 A multistandard CT2015·controlled system
34
Single Standard CT2015 system, with
full remote control
The system configuration of Fig.8 shows how are: direct channel and programme selection,
the system illustrated in Fig.7 can be converted channel and programme stepping, channel
to full remote control. The CT2200 and 7447 dis- sweep, store command, manual and Auto fine
play drivers have been replaced by the ML2040, tuning (again 50kHz step) six analogues, 32 pro-
which of course could have been used in the grammes, storing fine tuning adjustments and
previous system. The Key circuit could be any 'switch to Auto' command, choice of up to four
one of the CT2030 series. The choice depends on transmission standards, and standard, channel
the market which the system is designed for. and programme number on-screen displays.
More Keys could be used if a multistandard All of the tuning features available in the con-
system were to be required. figuration of Fig.7 are also present in this system,
The logic that controls the Keybus in the with the addition of the remote control facility.
CT2015 enables other Features Block circuits to The local and remote keyboards can be identical
be added to the Keybus, for example, the as each is capable of initiating the full 288
ML2020 clock circuit. By 'polling' round the de- command instruction set which is possible with
vices, the CT2015 allocates use of the Keybus to the MLl900 series.
such circuits in turn, according to a priority sett- A possible Keyboard with transmitter codes (F
ing in each Features circuit. is MSB) is shown in Fig.9.
The features offered with this configuration
+5V
50kHz
ML1910
REMOTE CONTROL RECEIVER
AND KEYBOARD ENCODER
Fig. 8 A CT2015·controlled system incorporating full remote control
35
FED
110 101 100 011 010 001 000
, TIME 'INCA DAY
G
FINE FINE 'CH.SWEEP
,'STANDARD AUTO TUNE
UP
TUNE
DOWN 'REVEAL
(111000) CBA
000
ON/OFF 'REVEAL
'INCR HRS
,
&.
SHIFT
G (2) 0 0
'CH.T.STEP
'FULL PAGE
'FULL PAGE
'
'TAPEWRT
001
'INCRMINS
,
,
III
SHIFT
B 0 0 (0 'CH.U.STEP
'2xhtTOP
'2xhtTOP
,
'TAPE READ
010
'STARTCLK
,
&.
SHIFT B (2) 0 0) 'STORE
'2xhtBTIM
"2xhtSTIM
lHOLD
'RING OFF
011
+ PROGRAMME ,
ANALOGUE
6
STEP
UP 'TMD.P.OFF
*
0 ..
'TMD.P.ON 3UPDATE
'UPDATE
lMIX
'MIX
101
NORMALISE MUTE
-
ANALOGUE
6
pROGRAMME
STEP
DOWN
:sz
t::.,. O. ~ A
SET TIME
&.
TELETEXT
STANDBY SHIFT SHIFT
+
ANALOGUE
5
+
ANALOGUE
4
+
ANALOGUE
3
+
ANALOGUE
2
+
ANALOGUE
1
&.
TUNING
&.
VIEWDATA
SHIFT SHIFT
RECALL
- - - - -
ANALOGUE
5
ANALOGUE
4
ANALOGUE
3
ANALOGUE
2
ANALOGUE
1 \l &.
SHIFT
Fig. 9 A possible keyboard with transmitter codes
Summary Control Circuit options

The Synthesiser Block (CT2010/l2/17) con- The facilities available with the various control
tributes the following features: circuit options are as follows:
• 'Exact' tuning in 50kHz fine tuning steps
• Delay-tolerant modulus control CT2014
• Sensitive pres caler • Choice of single or multistandard system
• Power-low detector • Remote control programme selection option
• No extra screening required • Limited use of Features Block circuits
• Signal quality detector • Direct channel and standard selection (BCD
Key circuits (CT2030 series) give: input)
• I standard per "Key"
• 100 channels per "Key" CT201S
-required division ratio • Choice of single or multistandard system
-channel name • Remote control selection option .
-band • Full use of Fea tures Block circuits
• Direct channel selection
• Direct programme selection
• Store command
• Channel sweep
• Channel tens/units step
• Programme step up/down
• Keybus control logic
CT16S0A/PIC16S0Z-20
• Single standard microprocessor system
• Direct channel selection (tens and units
steps)
• Programme number step
• Channel sweep
• Remote control selection option
• Limited use of Features B~ock circuits
36
APPENDIX 1
/
THE KEY SYSTEM - FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS FOR TELEVISION
The Basic Loop
The Plessey Key Frequency Synthesis System is based on the principle of the phase
locked loop (PLL). A basic PLL is shown in Fig. 1. In this case the output, fo, from the
voltage controlled oscillator is divided by a number, N, to give a convenient compar-
ison frequency, fe. The other input for comparison is the reference frequency, ff<
derived from a frequency standard.
Fig. 1 Basic phase·/ocked loop
The phase comparator produces a voltage which is fed back via a filter to the volt-
age controlled oscillator. This feedback loop enables the local oscillator frequency, L,
to be phase locked to the reference frequency, fro Thus:
fo = N.fe
and when phase lock occurs, fe = fro so
fo = N.fr - - - - - - - - - - (l)
By choosing an appropriate reference frequency, ff< and a suitable divider whole
number N, we can now synthesise a series of frequencies, fo, in steps of fro However,
such a basic loop gives a very limited range of frequencies.
A Simple System
A simple practical system is shown in Fig.2. In this case, an output from the varicap
controlled local oscillator is divided down by a fixed prescaler of division ratio, A,
and a programmable divider of division ratio, N, to a convenient comparison fre-
quency, fe. An accurate stable frequency, t is established by dividing down the
output of a crystal oscillator. The two frequencies, Ie and fr are compared by a phase/
frequency comparator and a voltage is fed back via an active filter to the local oscil-
lator. This feedback loop enables the frequency of the local oscillator, fo, to be phase
locked such that
fo = NAt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2)
n
where fx is the frequency of the crystal oscillator and n is the ratio of the fixed divider
that follows it.
The programmable divider is controlled by the channel selector. Thus, when a
certain channel is selected the selector would provide the required divider ratio code
to the programmable divider making the value of N to be such that fo becomes equal
to the required local oscillator frequency to receive the channel allowing for the offset
due to the intermediate frequency (IF).
Since each channel requires a certain band in the tuner, the channel selector also
provides the correct band select code to switch the tuner to the corresponding band.
The stability of the frequency setting of the local oscillator will be entirely defined
by
--n-
where Mx is the stability of the crystal oscillator.
We thus have a very useful system of tuning TV channels with the accuracy and
stability of a crystal oscillator.
With the simple system shown in Fig.2, the local oscillator frequency can be preset
to any value in steps of
37
BAND
SWITCH
Fig. 2 Simple practical synthesiser
Thus A and fr determine the value of the frequency step that can be achieved in the
system. The value of fr is dependant on the following factors:
1. the lock up time of the phase locked loop to the selected channel. Normally this
should be 200ms max.
2. the ripple on the varactor line should be low enough not to cause any noticeable
pattern on the screen.
3. the loop should not oscillate under any condition.
Considering these factors the value of fr is normally limited to 2kHz minimum.
Having decided on the value of ~ the value A is automatically set for a certain fre-
quency step requirement in the system. For example, for a frequency step of 50kHz
and fr = 2.5kHz.
A=50 =20
2.5
Now the local oscillator frequency in a TV tuner can be up to 1000 MHz, and this
would mean having a programmable divider input frequency of
1000= 50 MHz
20
which is rather high.
The Key System Principle

The Key Synthesiser uses a two modulus divider after the prescaler and before the
programmable divider. This gives a much more manageable input frequency and con-
trol function. The modulus control is designed so that it can tolerate delay in the con-
trol loop and distortion in the control waveform. The positive going edge of each
control pulse is only used to change the divider modulus during one complete cycle of
its output. Fig.3 shows the block diagram of the Key Synthesiser.
The two modulus divider divides by a ratio, M, unless it has received a control pulse,
when it divides once by a ratio M-1. For each complete output cycle of the pro-
grammable divider there are N complete input cycles fed to it from the two moqulus
divider. If, during these N output cycles of the two modulus divider it receives P pulses
to its modulus control, it will divide by M - 1 for P output cycles and for N..:. P output
cycles it will divide by M. So for N output cycles of the two modulus divider, the
number of input cycles is:
P(M-l)+(N-P)M
After division by the programmable divider, + N, this number of cycles produces one
cycle at the input of the phase comparator.
When the loop is locked the local oscillator frequency, fa, is given by
fa = A [P(M-l)+ (N-P)M] fr
= (M.N-P).A.fr (3)
An incremental change in the number of pulses, P, to the .modulus control will thus
change the local oscillator frequency, fa, by a step A.fr. In the Key System the pre-
scaler, A, is +20 and the reference frequency at the comparator is 2.5kHz giving an
incremental frequency step of 50kHz.
38
Fig. 3 Simplified Key System Synthesiser Block diagram
The two modulus divider gives 7 19 or 720 so that the maximum frequency into the
programmable divider is only
fa 1000 MHz
A.(M- 1} = 20.(19} ~ 2.6 MHz
and the local oscillator frequency in equation (3) above now becomes
fa = N MHz - 50.P kHz
So N may be used to define a frequency as a whole number of MHz and P need only
have a value 0 to 19 giving 20 steps of 50kHz between values of N. In practice not
only does an original frequency need to be defined, but also any manual or automatic
frequency correction. This gives
fa = (0 + 1 - Oc}MHz - 50 (P + Pc} kHz (4)
where 0 is the frequency number (10 bits)
Oc is the frequency number correction (3 bits)
P is the fine tuning number (5 bits)
Pc is the fine tuning number correction (5 bits)
The programmable divider counts down from the loaded number, 0, until it reaches
the correction number, Oc, when it takes one cycle to synchronously reload and the
whole operation repeats.
When a channel is entered initially
Oc = 4 and Pc = 0
so if TV channel 21 in standard G were required for example, then
0= 514and P= 17
which gives
fa= (514+ 1- 4}MHz- 50(17+ O)kHz
= 510. 15MHz
It is also possible to correction tune around the original channel frequency with a
range of -3.95MHz to + 4 MHz in 50kHz steps. This is achieved by using Pc to provide
a further 0 to 19 steps of 50kHz and Oc to provide 0 to 7 steps of 1 MHz. The values of
0, OC, P, Pc and the band selection code are obtained via the Keybus with the appro-
priate. tuning commands.
39
APPENDIX 2
KEY SYSTEM DEVICES
Typical Typical
Supply Current
Voltage
Synthesiser Block
CT2010 1 GHz, 2 Modulus Divider +380/400; 10mV 5V 90mA
Input
CT2012 PLL Synthesiser; crystal reference; 5V 25mA
programmable divider; phase comparator.
Keybus (4 bit data highway & multiplex
clock) input.
CT2017 Tuner interface-varicap control-station 5V 12mA
detector; AFC control; power low detector. 12V 9mA
33V 4mA
Key System Control Circuit Options
CT2014 Digital Switch entry, Control IC. 5V 15mA
Up to 32 programmes, 400 channels and 4
standards. Manual and auto fine tuning.
CT2015 Control IC with full remote control interface. 5V 20mA
Up to 32 programmes, 400 channels and 4
standards. Manual and Auto fine tuning;
channel sweep. Keybus control.
CT1650AI Microprocessor Control. 32 programmes, 5V 35mA
PIC1650Z·20 100 channels and 1 standard. 9V ImA
Manual and Auto fine tuning, channel
sweep.
Key Circuits
Each CT2030 series integrated circuit is a 5V 6mA
ROM for 100 channels with frequency and
name information via Keybus. Key 0 can be
interfaced with an ER1400 non-volatile
programme memory.
CT2030 European PAL Key
CT2031 European SECAM Key
CT2032 North American NTSC Key
CT2033 British Isles PAL Key
Programme Memory
ER14001 Non-volatile memory, stores channel number, 9Vand-26V 5mA
NC7400 transmission standard and fine tuning OR
information for 32 programmes. 12Vand-23V 5mA
Remote Control
ML1900 Remote Control Transmitter; 6 bit PPM; 56 9V 2mA
codes; burst mode output. Standby IliA
ML1910 Remote Control Receiver; 6 bit PPM; 56 5V 35mA
codes; 55 code local input; 6 analogues with
63 levels; 32 programmes; total of 288
commands (via Keybus).
Display Drivers
CT2200 32 Number LED Display Driver, drives two 7 5V 3mA
segment common anode LED arrays, 5 bit
binary input; 1-32 display output, 20mA per
segment; 13 direct drive outputs.
*ML2040 On Screen Display, displays programme and
channel number, channel name, time and
day. Control via Keybus; display and
blanking output.
Miscellaneous
*ML2020 7 day clock, quartz crystal controlled; 12/24
hour with day, hour and minute setting-
output via Keybus or direct drive to LED
displays.
*ML2001 TeletextlViewdata Interface, allows Mibus
control from Keybus.
*Further details to be announced.
40
THE ROUTE TO
YOUR SYSTEM
Start with the Synthesiser Block +

,-------_t------+-----i_-I Microcomputer own design
ML2000
series
limited
Interface choice
logic
maybe
necessary
ML2000
necessary series
limited
choice
YOUR OWN SYSTEM
CT2010. CT20I2. CT20I7 Synthesiser Block

CT20I4. CT20I5. CTI650A Control options (choose one)
ML920 series, SL480, SL490 Remote Control (see Consumer News Vo1.2, No.2)
MLI900 Remote Control Transmitter (K 5)
MLl910 RIC Receiver and Keyboard Encoder see eyway
ML2000 series Features Block circuits
CT2030 series Key circuits (ROMs)
CT2200 5 bit binary input, 1-32 display driver
41
42
3. INFRA-RED
REMOTE CONTROL
43
44
INFRA-RED REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEMS
To offer remote control as a means of achieving additional sales is fairly widespread these days, with cost
prohibitive factor in some cases. At first, wired connections were used, and still are, for example, cheap
remote control toys, TV games, slide projectors etc. Then came ultra-sonics, and finally in the past few years,
the switch to Infra-red.
Infra-red systems offers several advantages over radio and ultra-sonic equipment in certain applications. No
licence is required-signals can be easily confined by walls - or directed by narrow beams. Infra-red
transmissions are not subjected to electromagnetic interference, infra-red noise is very rare in factories,
offices or houses and if the signal is modulated, then corruption by flicker is very unlikely. Radio links, on the
other hand, may be affected. by many sources of interference, and in some applicaions, e.g. toys, the
potentional hazard of aerials as a spike to a childs eyes should be avoided. Ultra-sonic links suffer from multi-
path interference and can also be affected by spurious noise generation, for example bells and jingling coins
or keys.
An infra-red link consists of a modulated source driving a light emitting diode which radiates at a wave length
in the infra-red region (850 to 970nm). The light is transmitted through an optical system which may flood an
area or concentrate the energy which is amplified and decoded to recover information that was transmitted. A
basic system is shown in Fig.1. Energy levels are, typically, only a few milliwatts and therefore harmless.
Applications have been developed for both nearrow and broad beam systems. Broad beams are used for
"anywhere in a room" controls, for example TV, teletext and viewdata controllers, garage doors, light
dimmers, toys, slide projectors and hi-fi units. The range for broad beam systems can be between 12 to 30
meters, where choice of emitter diodes, quality of components used and pcb design, will determine the
ultimate range obtained. Narrow beams on the other hand, are particularly suitable for industrial controls,
security systems, computer peripheral and TV transmitter links. The range for narrow beam systems may be
half a mile or more and, as these units can be designed to have a spread of no more than 10ft in 2000ft, and are
virtually independant of weather conditions, they are excellent for building-to-building work particularly in
data and TV transmission.
Plessey Semiconductors Limited have developed a range of remote control circuits tailored to various
requirements in the TV, Industrial, Professional and Consumer market sectors.
Data sheets on the various integrated circuits involved are available on request, together with suggested
circuits on a number of domestic applications.
Integrated circuits involved are as follows:-
SL490 Easily extendable 32 command PPM transmitter drawing negligable standby current
SL491 As above, but PPm transmission is in burst mode instead of in a continuous fashion.
SL480 Infra-red pulse preamplifier containing 3 amplifier stages, the g-ain of each being capable of
adjustment, to suit the application.
SL470 - Capable of decoding up to 10 programmes and incorporates direct varicap voltage selection and
TTL level compatible inputs.
The following are Receiver chips that demodulates the PPM signal transmitted by the SL490/491.
ML920 20 programme memory, 3 D/A converters plus 6 other facilites.
ML922 As above, but with only 10 programme memory.
ML923 16 programme memory, 1 D/A converter plus 6 other facilites.
ML924 5 digital outputs whose response to PPM codes be programmed by 6 control lines. Has a
handshake inte-rtace-which provides communication with microprocessors and computers.
ML925 Designed to control either a toy vehicle with 2 speed drive motors and a three position latching
steering system, or a vehicle with momentary action steering and a third motor, typically a
winch.
ML928/9 - General purpose receivers, latching 16 of the 32 codes transmitted by the SL490/1.
The ML928 responds to codes 00000 to 01111 and the ML929 to codes 10000 to 11111.
ML926/7 - As above, but with unlatched outputs.
Other components needed for an infra-red system are the emitter diodes and the photo diode.
45
The photo diode used is a highly critical component. Several manufacturers have developed photo diodes for
use in the infra-red region-the characteristics of one such device is shown in Fig.2. This is a low leakage p.i.n.
device with planar construction; the active area is 7.5mm 2 • A silicon nitride layer over the chip acts as both a
passivating coating and an efficient anit-reflection layer. A dye in the plastic housing transmits well in the
near infra-red part of the spectrum (700nm t011 OOnm), but is strongly absorbant to visible light (400nm to
700nm). The spectral response of silicon, in addition, is higher in the infra-red than in the blue green region.
Planar construction keeps the reverse leakage current low, which is very important in small signal
applications.
Usable signal to noise ratios can be achieved with photo current as low as 10nA provided the load is carefully
chosen.
Many alternative infra-red high efficiency L.E.D's are available; typical emission characteristics are also
shown in Fig.2. Increased sophistication of epitaxial techniques is likely to mean that increased power
conversion efficiency will be available over the next few years. It is usual to drive these L.E.D's with pulses of
current which peak at much higher than rated values, keeping the duty cycle such that mean rated power is
never exceeded. In this way transmission distances are increased.
SHADED AREA REPRESENTS

VISIBLE RADIATION REJECTED
>- BY BPW41
r-
;;
~/ i=
iii
/8X4 z
ill
KEY PAD
~
r-
:::l NORMAL
D-
r- SILICON
:::l PHOTO
o DIODE
ill
>
i=
..:
....J
ill
IT:
ML920
SERIES
PHOTO AMP
DIODE DECODER
WAVELENGTHS
IN nm
Figure 1. 400 500 600 700 BOO 900 1000 1100 1200
Figure 2.
Transmitter Chip SL490

Fig.3. shows the circuit for a simple infra-red transmitter where the PPM output pin 2 ofthe SL490 is fed to the
base of the PNP transmitter TR1 via R1 and R2, producing an amplified current pulse in the collector about
15usec wide. The pulse is further amplified by TR2 and applied to the infra-red diodes D1 and D2.
The current in the'diodes and the infra-red light output is controlled by the quantity, type, and connection
method of the diodes and also the gain at high currents of the transistors.
The common solution where cost is important is to use 2 single chip diodes, such as the Siemans CQY99
CONNECTED SERIES.
Improved output can be obtained by using four CQY99 diodes in a series parallel arrangement, but is usually
simpler to use 2 multi-chip diodes such as the Telefunken CQX47 connected to parallel or single CQX19
which gives similar results.
A significant increase in range can be obtained by using diodes such as the CQY99 in conjunction with a
plated plastic parabolic reflected
When building the transmitter, care should be taken with the choice of the capacitor C2 and with the circuit
layout, particularly when multi-chip diodes are being used, as the current pulses can be as high as 6to 8amps.
46
Transistor choice is also important and any substitues should have high current gain characteristics and
switching speeds similar to those specified in Fig.3.
An increase in output can be obtained be reconnecting TR2 in a common emitter mode, but care should be
taken not to exceed the rating of the diodes.
Choice of PPM Frequencies

Although the ML920 series of remote control receivers is designed to work over a wide range of PPM
frequencies, the actual usable range may be resricted by the application. The analogue outputs on the ML920,
ML922 and ML923 serve as a good example, since the outputs will step up or down, one step for each pair of
PPM word received. This in turn fixes the rate of increment or decrement of the volume or color controls of a
TV set.
When the transmitter is being used with an infra-red link, with high current pulses fed to the diodes as in Fig.3,
power consumption will increase with frequency. It is thus advisable that with a battery power supply, the
slowest PPM rate consistant with adequate response time, should be chosen.
Setting Up Procedure
When designing a system using the SL490/491 transmitters and the ML20 series receivers, it is not necesssary
to adjust the PPM rate on both transmitter and receiver. The usual arrangement is to have a fixed resistor of
33K from pin 16 of the SL490/491 and to choose the capacitor connected for pin 16 to pin 17 to give the
required PPM rate. The value is calculated from the formula 'to' = 1.4CR. Provided fairly close tolerance
components are used for C1 and R1, then assenbled transmitter units should be interchangeable without
adjustment.
The timing components on the receiver can be selected using the formula frx = 1 where frx= 40 ,'to'
being the P.P.M. logic "0" time from the transmitter. 0.15CR 'to'
The value of R for the receiver should be between 47K and 200K, a typical arrangement being to use a 47K
resistor and a 100K pot as shown in Fig.4. The capacitor should be selected from the above formula to give the
nominal frequency somewhere near the mid-range setting of the potentiometer.
Final adjustment is made by setting the period on the receiver oscillator time constant pin to 1/40th of the
transmitter P.P.M. logic "0" time using the potentiometer. Connection to the receiver time constant pin
should be made using a x10 oscilloscope to reduce circuit loading.
When adjusting the ML920, the monitor output can be used for setting up, but in this case, a figure of 1/20th of
the transmitter P.P.M. logic "0" time should be used as the mirror output is at half the oscillator frequency.
+9V
R SL490
R1
33K 2% 100£1
16 C1
68n
C=f: l¥TR1
17 2
'~
5%
;---- 18,...... 1-
TR2 "::::I C2
BD437 :: 1501-'
~:
4.7J.l 2K2 D1
D2
Fig. 3. Infra-red Transmitter
47
ov
R1
1000
D1 T
C1 ML920
OSC. TIC
68n SERIES
PIN
--;r-+-~ D2 C2 RECEIVER
150f,l
47K
Y100K
R3
1K
~
ov OV
Fig. 3. Common Emitter Arrangement Fig. 4. Recommended Receiver Time Constant

Components
The SL480
The circuit diagram of the SL480 infra-red pulse amplifier is shown in Fig.5. Pulses generated by a infra-red
receiver diodes are amplified to a suitable level for direct connection to the input of any of the Plessey
Semiconductors ML900 series of remote control receiver circuits.
For basic operation, the receiver diode and SL480 input is biased with a single resistor to the positive supply as
shown in Fig.6. Any infra-red light reaching the diode generates a leakage current which causes a voltage
drop across the bias resistor.
The SL480 Input stage consists of a compound emitter follower (TR1 and TR2) which provides a high input
impedance and allows a relatively high diode load resistor as well as a voltage drop of around 1.3V between
the input and the bases of the first amplifier stage (TR6,TR7).
Transistors TR6 and TR7form a differential amplifier which is designed to prevent low frequency or D.C. input
signals from reaching subsequent stages of the amplifier. Since the bases of transistors TR6 and TR7 are
internally connected by the 6.3K resistor R3 low frequency signals are applied to both sides simultaneous
causing no change in collector current and therefore no output to the second stage. Higherfrequency signals
are amplified because TR7 base is decoupled externally on pin 7.
Stage 2 gain is provided by a similar differential amplifier to stage 1 except that the relativly stable d.c. input
voltage provided y stage 1 output allows the use of a tail resistor R11 ratherthan a current source. Decoupling
of A.C. signals is provided at pin 8.
Stage 3 is similar to stage 1, but with a extra current mirror (TR24 to TR26) to provide signal inversion at the
output
The standing current in the output load resistor and thus the output voltage, is set by the current in R15. This
current will amount to about 100llA, and give an output voltage about 5V below the positive rail with a 15V
supply.
It should be noted that there is a parasitic zener diode of about 6V in parallel with the ouput load resistor R19,
this will be destroyed if the output is shorted to the negative supply rail. Stage 3 decoupling is provided at pin
1.
With a 15V supply, the input stage will operate with input voltages ranging from 15volts down to 5volts. This
will allow the device to function satisfactorily in high ambient light conditions which produces high leakage
currents in the receiving diode. A single transistor circuit is shown in Fig.3, which prevents the input voltage to
the SL480 changing for diode leakage currents up to several miliamps. By carefull choice of R & C values, this
circuit can be made to give extra rejection of low modulation such as that produced by incandescent lamps.
48
If required, the gain of each of the SL480 can be set individually by connecting a resistor in series with the
decoupling capacitor. A 6K resistor will reduce the stage gain to half its full value of about 40dB. Normally it is
only necessary to reduce the gain of the second stage with about 33-56K.
As with any high gain device, care is needed in the layout of printed circuit boards to prevent instability. All
decoupling and input components should be mounted close to the SL480.
Oecoupling of the power supplies local to the SL480 is advisable. Aresistor of about 560 n in series with the
negative rail and a parallel capacitor of 68~F being adequate (See fig.7).
The decoupling resistor should always be in the negative supply as the ML920 series remote control circuits
have a threshold close to the positive rail, and any voltage drop here would reduce the noise immunity.
1:1
TA')i---,..-+-'::.:"-I---K A'9
52K
liP 0----1:'" TA'
alP
6.3K 2
260 260 570 570

A6
146K
A' A2
300K 150K
A7 A. A11 A13 A,.
146K 150K 66K 132K 150K
TA3
Figure 5.
BPW41
5
)J1
56K
Fig. 6. SL480 with simple bias for the Detector
49
OV
47n:
,. BC307 82p ::
:~
lOOK
SL480
BPW41
5 ............
"~""~ GAIN SET RESISTOR,
10K TO 100K
(HIGH GAIN) (LOW GAIN)
2n2 ::
T 33
1J
5600
-16V
1.5mA
Fig. 7. Typical Infra-red Amplifier application with ImprovedDetector Biasing.
50
4. REMOTE CONTROL
FOR TOYS
51
52
The new remote control circuits now available are the SL470 10-programme decoder for high voltagevaricap
line drive; the SL490 infra-red preamplifier with direct drive for the ML920 series; the SL490 remote control
transmitter; the ML920
The new remote control circuits now available are the SL470 1O-programme decoder for high voltage varicap
line drive; the SL480 infra-red preamplifier with direct drive for the ML920 series; the SL490 remote control
transmitter; the ML920 20-programme remote control receiver; the ML922 remote control receiver providing
three analogue outputs, 10 latched programmes and on/standby, mute etc; the ML928 remote control
receiver/encoder providing four latched outputs controlled by 16 transmitter commands; the ML929,
basically similar to the ML928 but operating on a different set of 16 transmitter commands; the ML926, similar
to the ML928 but giving momentary, unlatched outputs; the ML925 for motor control in toys and models and,
available soon the SL491 for burst mode transmission.
SL470
This device decodes up to 10-programmes, incorporates direct varicap voltage selection and TTL level
compatible inputs. It can be directly driven by the ML922 receiver and has a low component count for low cost
applications.
SL480
The SL480 is a bipolar integrated circuit containing three amplifier stages. Its output is directly compatible
with the ML920 range of remote control receiver circuits, and it is in an eight lead plastic package. A feature of
the device is that the gain/bandwidth of the amplifier stages can be adjusted to suit the application (see Fig.1).
Pin functions, SL480
1. Decoupling point
2. Output decoupled with capacitor and fed directly to receiver PPM input.
3. Positive supply
4. Detector input
5. Not used
6. Negative supply
6. Negative supply
7. Decoupling point
8. Decoupling point
SL490
The SL490 remote control transmitter is an easily extendable 32 command, pulse position modulation
transmitter which draws negligible standby current. It can be used effectively with any ML920 series remote
control receiver.
The ML490 pulse-transmitting remote controller, used in conjunction with the ML920 receiver offers the
possibility of controlling up to 20 television programme selections, brightness/volume/color control in up to
32 steps, and a number of other functions both for television use and elsewhere.
A wide variety of domestic, commercial and industrial appliances can be controlled by the SL490/ML920
combination. Apart from use with television and toys the system can control such diverse equipment as, for
example, radios and tuners, tape and record decks, garage doors, automatic telephone answering machines
and slide projectors.
ML922
This device demodulates the PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) signal received from the SL490 transmitter.
The ML922 was originally designed for television remote control systems but can easily be adapted for use in
radios, tuners, tape and record decks, lamps and lighting, industrial control and monitoring, and toys and
models.
The ML922 demodulates the PPM signal received from the SL490 and after error checking the received code
can condition a 10-programme memory or one of the three D/A converters, the output of each having its
normalised level at three eighths of maximum
53
The receiver timing can be set by adjusting the oscillator time constant to give 40 periods atpin 6 equal to aD
interval on the received PPM input.
ML920
The ML920 is a 20-programme version of the ML922, but has (in addition tothefacilities offered by the ML922)
a 'recall' output which can be used to trigger an on-screefl display in TV applications.
ML928 and ML929
Both these devices are general purpose remote control receivers each designed to receive and latch 16 of the
32 codes transmitted by the SL490 circuit as 5-bit PPM. '
The ML928 responds to codes 00000 to 01111 only, and the ML929 responds to codes 10000 to 11111. Both
devices are packaged in 8-lead plastic DIL to minimise board area. The on-chip oscillator can be adjusted
from 15Hz to 150kHz, allowing different transmission rates.
Both devices have a high degree of immunity to incorrect codes; there must be two correct and consecutive
codes received before the outputs can change. As with ML922 these devices were initially designed to be used
with television remote control. They have, .however, a wide range of applications, particularly in toys.
ML926
This device has momentary outputs. Normally low (off) selected outputs go high (on) during reception of the
appropriate code. After transmission has finished the outputs return to the low state. The device is similarto
the ML928 except for its four positive logic unlatched outputs.
ML925
Up to three independent motors, as well as lights, flasher and horn, may be driven by this 18-pin device. Four
speeds are possible with both forward and reverse giving a very flexible toy or model controller.
+
t
+
I
~vcc
Fig.1 SL480 high gain pulse preamplifier
54
SL490 remote control transmitter
General description
The SL490 is an 18-pin bipolar, remote control, pulse transmitting monolithic circuit for use with the
ML920/M L922/M L926/ML929/M L925/ML926 receivers.
Single pole switches arranged in a 4 x 8 matrix of 32 keys (1 out of 4 and 1 out of 8) are encoded by the device
which then may give either a modulated carrier frequency from an on-chip oscillator or a DC pulse output. A
standby current of only 6uA or so is taken from a 9V supply by the device until any switch closure is detected.
In this system of PP3 battery has a working life approaching the length of its shelf life.
The modulated output can drive an ultrasonic transducer directly and be tuned to the natural resonant
frequency of the crystal, thus enabling inexpensive transducers to be used.
A five-bit pulse position modulated signal is used, giving 32 basic commands which can be used in a TV
remote control system to select 20-programmes, control 3 analogue functions and provide 6 additional
switching functions.
Apart from the battery, switch matrix and transducer, only three capacitors and two resistors are needed
externally. A single RC selects carrier options and defines frequency, the other RC defining the modulation
rate.
Output capability is direct ultrasonic transducer feed, and complementary outputs with or without active pull-
ups. Continuous or pulsed visual indication can be driven directly from pin 2. The carrier oscillator can be
disabled for pulsed operation of infra-red, and more than one set of 32 commands can be used by changing
the modulation rate and carrier frequency.
Despite the comprehensive range of facilities offered by this remote control system, the SL490 makes the
transmitter a very simple unit. Fig.2. outlines the block diagram of the transmitter.
Circuit Operation
The device transmits a code word as a group of six pulses, and each ofthefive intervals between these pulses
can take up one of two possible values, a short interval corresponding to a '1' or a long interval corresponding
to a '0'. Fig.3 shows the timing relationship between the pulses '1', '0' and'S' - the space or synchronisation
gap between words.
The ratio of the intervals representing '1', '0' and'S' is 2:3:6 and is fixed by the device. In addition the width of
the pulse is about one sixth of a '1' interval or 1/3:2 on the above ratio scale. In this way 32 different codewords
can be transmitted by the 5-bit code.
A particular codeword is selected by switching one out of four current sinks (one of these current sinks is OV).
All decoding is done by the integrated circuit as in Fig. 2.
The circuit draws only about 6uA from the supply until a switch closure is detected, at which time power is
applied to the whole circuit. The appropriate PPM code is then generated repeatedly until the switch is
released, and the device reverts to standby after the complete codeword has been transmitted.
Fig. 4 and 5 show the output voltage waveforms obtainable. Fig.4. shows a lower than normal carrier
frequency compared with the pulse width. This is done for clarity although the device would operate
satisfactorily with such timing.
For infra-red operation a two transistor amplifier is used to feed very narrow high current pulses to gallium
arsenide infra-red diodes, such as two Plessey GAL32B. If a higher output is required three or four GAL32C
diodes can be used in parallel. The pulse nature of the signal allows the diode emitter to work at a higher light
output efficiency and the battery current to be reduced. Fig.12 shows a circuit for driving infra-red emitting
diodes.
The receiver amplifier
At the receiving end of the link the system will need some sort of gain and bandwidth defining stages, before
the detected signal is fed to the ML920 series receiver. Usually two, or at most three, amplifier stages are
sufficient with some fairly simple active filtering. In the case of the infra-red link the SL480 can be used with
an infra-red filter before the photo detector.
55
For ultrasonic transmission a general
purpose operational amplifier may be SwIT1:...
used for the front end. After filtering ,------------,-i c.-....

~
and amplifying the ultrasonic
frequency, a simple diode detector can s ........
be used. The detected PPM can then ~v.Im:14
be fed to the receiver via a buffer 11.!...",.I-r..,.------Inril YIbu..

amplifier stage. An ultrasonic
frequency of between 32kHz and
44kHz should be chosen to avoid the
second and third harmonic of the TV
line output stage. An inexpensive
transducer can be chosen with its
natural resonant frequency within this
band, and can be driven at its natural
resonance to improve power output
and simplify loading. The actual
bandwidth needed about the carrier is
approxi mately 100Hz. The data rate
can be chosen by considering the rate
at which the analogue outputs of the Ov
receiver are required to step.
Fig.2 Transmitter SL490 block diagram
If, for example analogue output to
sweep its full range of32 steps in about
10 seconds, this requires one step
about every 300ms but because of the >4~~
-H~~ HI-----~~
receiver error checking code
comparator, the transmitter word rate
should be set to 150ms (see Table 1).
Referring to Fig. 3 it will be seen that if
the code word period, including the
interword space, is 162ms it will give -ll- I
3ms 27ms
'I~'IS",,~ 54ms
'I
the required analogue full range
change in about 10 seconds. The only
adjustment needed in the receiver is to
C"'rri~r or 1KHZ m"~ be. +r"nsmif+"d over tilephon .. lin~&
set the oscillator time constant, so that Fig.3 Ultrasonic carrier transmission
40 time periods on the oscillator (20
periods on the monitor pin 9 of the
ML920) corresponds to a±O± interval of
, . o
incoming PPM (Fig.6 and Table 1).
Up to 10 per cent variation in
demodulator timing oscillator
frequency can be tolerated by each of - - - + - > TIME
the transmitting and receiving devices.
"
PIN3 t
-
Fig.4 PPM output showing ultrasonic carrier frequency
lJ u
Fig.5 PPM output (pin 2) with no carrier
56
---CODE WORD I - I N T E R WORO GAP ~ CODE WORoa
PIN2
~
(NO
CARRIER)
--
LJ
- - - - - - --
40 pt.riods of receivtr
0
- - -
oscill6tor
Fig.6 System timing

--~
~
'0' period (ms) TX cq.lF) AXC (nF) Osc. (kHz)
40 0.82 100 1
20 0.47 68 2
10 0.22 33 4
5 0.1 15 8
2.5 0.047 8.2 16
1.25 0.027 3.9 32
0.625 0.015 1.8 64
0.312 0.0068 0.82 128
Table 1 TX and RX Timing
An infra-red link
For most remote control work, infra-red links have advantages over ultrasonic links-less multipath
interference, lower spurious radiation, less annoyance to humans and animals, a higher modulation rate
capability and more robust transducers. High efficiency, infra-red, light emitting diodes (LED's) are relatively
inexpensive and can incorporate both reflctor and lens for a more concentrated beam of light.
Multichip assemblies are also becoming more common and these can take fairly high currents. LED's become
more efficient at higher currents, and pulse and multiplex systems are common for display work. Thus a PPM
system can be made to operate an LED at quite high outputs for a small increase in battery current. Two or
three LED's can be connected in series at lower currents, and these emitters can have different orientation on
their axes if required.
On the receiver side a photodiode or phototransistor can be used with an appropriate infra-red filter. Fig.?
shows how a photodetector response, although peaking in the near infra-red region, has good detection
properties at visible light wavelengths and into the ultra-violet. As the energy emitted from a gallium arsenide
LED is, in the main, a narrow band emission at 940nm, a correctly chosen filter will greatly attenuate most of
the interfering signals. Other noise sources which have large emissions in the infra-red (for example a
tungsten filament lamp) can be rejected by filtering or by carrier modulation of the infra-red link.
Both amplitude modulation and frequency modulation have been used, but neither has the simplicity nor all
the advantages that a pulse system can offer in LED driving efficiency and detection economy. Pulse position
modulation using a narrow pulse, high current drive to a gallium arsenide LED enables a very good signal-to-
noise ratio to be obtained at the demodulator. Reception remains uninterrupted by most external influences.
Very bright sunlight or the close proximity of a high output fluorescent gas discharge tube has a minimal
effect, especially in the case of the SL480 with its daylight bias arrangement (see Fig.9).
57
'00
nMSMIUIOM ILFORD 207

(%)
SILICON
80 PHQTODf.TltTOR
60
40
20
03 04 0·5 O'b 0-7 0·8 0·' '·0 ,., '·2

WAVELENGTH (AAITI)
Fig.7 Optical response cnaracteristics
4"':::
&t307
1001t
.,:;: 1
P TAl'
0 v
.. .
,1" OUTPUT
BPW 41
~ ~W4'
p~~~sa~~ ( +
p •
: ~,"1
KODA.K
FILiER 87c
OR
2n.~ . .....--- _Go:m SI.+
re.s.istor. 10K. TO 100K
(KI'"''''I", (UI"'."I"')
SIMILA.R
T··. . 5bOn.
-16"
,·5mA
Fig.8 SL480 with simple bias for the detector Fig.9 Typical I R application with improved detector biasing
SL480 infra-red pulse preamplifier

The SL480 is a low cost, low external component count, front end amplifier for infra-red pulses (see Fig.8 and
9). .
It has three gain stages, each with a gain 100, and differential inputs with inverting input bonded out to provide
access both for decoupling and frequency determination.
Input impedances are typically 6k ,enabling the amplitude and frequency response to be defined by only a
few capacitors an,d resistors.
The output of the SL480 can be fed directly to any ML920 series receiver and gives a positive pulse. A positive
common supply should be used between receiver and amplifier for best noise immunity.
The diode is reverse biased and conducts a small leakage current only, the current increasing as light falls on
the diode.
All SL480 series devices accept supply voltages from 5V to 18V and have low current demand, typically 1.5mA.
The overall gain is generous; at least one gain setting resistor should be used to avoid any instability
problems.
58
Applications
Fig.10 shows a typical remote control system for infra-red control of a 10 programme television set. An
additional SL490 in the set gives full control from the local position as well as the remote keyboard so push
button control of the programmes and color brightness and volume is achieved on set. However, such a
system may equally simply be applied to industrial communications or model areas with similar advantages.
~ _ _ _ _ COL.OUR
~ _ _ _ _ BRIGHTNESS
INFRA-RED
VARICAP
(OR UL.TRA-SONIC) AFC CONTROL.
DEFEAT
SELECT
LOCAL CONTROL
Fig.10 A typical remote control for TV
The transmitter
As mentioned previously a digital
pulse mOdulation system may be used 8x4
on almost any link; ultrasonic, infra·red,
radio or cable. Figs.11, 12 and 13 show
how the SL490 may be applied to three
different types of link with very few
additional components. In Fig.11 low
cost transducers may be used and the
transmitter carrier may be tuned on pin
18 to the narrow band resonance point. PP3
The complementary output of the
device gives double the drive to the +
load. A fixed value of RC timing has
been used at pin 16 to give a data rate of
about 6 words per second, necessarily 1J-----'=:r1 TO'"
slow for a simple ultrasonic system.

The infra·red transmitter (Fig.12)
uses a pulse output with no carrier,
from pin 2, at a rate of 20 words per 10K. (A01uST FREQUENCY
second. C3 and R2 allow the comple· TO SUIT TR--.N60UCE.P..)
mentary pair, TR1 and TR2, to conduct
for about 151's at every negative leading Fig.11 Ultrasonic transmitter direct drive
edge of the PPM waveform. Pulse
currents of up to 6amps have been
achieved with such a circuit but care
should be taken to minimise the
impedance of the current path. Connec-
tions should be made as short as
possible and C4 should be a low
inductance type.
When simultaneous operation of
more than one transmitter is required
(e.g. video games, model racers etc.)
59
each signal should be periodically interrupted to allow the other access without jamming. This may be
achieved by an externally generated waveform applied to pin 16 of the SL490 or by using the newly developed
Plessey Semiconductors Burst Mode Transmitter, the SL491. This circuit has a modified second oscillator on
pin 18 to allow mUlti-transmitter burst mode operation.
In the radio control transmitter in Fig.13 the internal carrier oscillator of the SL490 is inhibited by a resistorof
2.2k at pin 18. The negative pulse output at pin 2 is then used to key a 27MHz crystal controlled
oscillator/output stage. The total quiescent current is a few microamps and even when keyed at 50 words per
second the duty cycle is only about 15% .
The transmitter will enable both indoor and outdoor operation of various toys and models. A third transistor
stage may be used to increase the range.
Various receivers are of course possible, from a multi-channel crystal controlled synthesiser superhet to a
three transistor type shown in Fig.14 with just RF amplifier, regenerative detector and output stage which may
be directly connected to any ML920 series receiver.
The ML928 remote control receiver is used in this circuit, suitable for controlling tracked models such as
military vehicles or earth moving equipment. Either relays (Fig.15) or transistor switches (Fig.16) may be
used.
s~ 4
KE.YPAD
101
~/ 110
/
010
PLESSEY
001
SL490
10 000
01
c. pp3
T:~7f
.1. RI Ie,
.""
Fig.12 Infra-red transmitter
Fig.13 27MHz model control transmitter
60
Responding to codes 00000 to 01111 only, the ML928 receives and latches 16 or the 32 codes transmitted by
the SL490 remote control transmitter. Fig.17 shows how the SL480 interfaces with the ML928.
In the field of military models, the tank is a pacticularly good example of a two-motor application for this
circuit. Both tracks can be independently controlled, together with (for example) turret rotation and cannon
elevation, giving the model accurate scale operating characteristics and versatility.
However, for a more complex control involving up to three motors, lights, flasher and horn the ML925 can be
used.
I r-~--~-r--~----------~----T--+
(§) @ @ STOP
L.EFT rOkWAIlO 0 0
l
I
I
I
I
I
e.OTK fOIlWoUla 0 0 I 0 , TR,A.NS'""'TTII!.R.
@) @) @ P.14HTI'O"WA/t.O
LI!IfT ""IN
'''GHoT a"l"
0
0
0
I
0
1
I
I
0
0
,
0
I
0
I
COCES
® CID ©
Lin "I.n~[ 0 I 0 I ,
60TM "'tv...... 0 , 0 , 0
II,IOI(T R,IlVIEItII 0 I • 1 0
Fig.14 Typical 27MHz receiver for toys Fig.15 Relay control of 2 drive motors
Time proportlonai or 3-posltlon steering

Not only does the ML925 give a multi-function control capability but also several working modes are possible.
Two similar models may be operated independently with burst-mode transmission and two sets of command.
Fig.18 shows how the ML925 may be used in an infra-red control system for a truck. The supply rail (pin 1),
oscillator (pin 2) and PPM input (pin 3) are standard ML920 series specification. Motor control outputs to
'steering' and 'winch' are momentary outputs while 'drive' is a latched outputs. Only one output pin of the
motor drive pair will go high at anyone time to give a forward or reverse sense and the 'no-drive' condition
exsists when neither pin is high.
An additional oscillator at pin 6 is used to give a flashing output at pin 5 or pin 4. It also produces three different
chopped waveforms at the 'drive' nad 'steering' outputs so that four different speeds are possible. Other
outputs that may be toggled on or off are 'lights' (pin 13) and 'hazard' (pin 4) which gives a flashing signal.
'Flasher' (pin 5) is a permanently flashing signal and 'horn' (pin 18) gives a momentary output. Pin 15 is used
to select either one of two command sets for simultaneous control of two toys.
Another type of model may use 3-position steering where a center position is needed as well as full left or full
right. Fig.18 shows how this may be achieved very simply with the ML925. The center steering position is
marked by an insulated section with positive and negative supply rails at either end. The sense contact is wired
to the steering feedback input (pin 14) of the chip which can then quickly decide to center the steering from
either full left or full right positions. For this facility the 'vehicle type selct' input (pin 12) is connected to the
positive supply.
'Minimum components' ML922
Fig. 20 shows a simple IR television control using the ML922 remote control receiver. The system provides
three primary functions; power, programme and sound. Other functions-mute, step (up or down) intersation
AFC defeat, interstation mute-are also available if required.
Oscillator timing is set up as usual with a resistor value of about 50K. The exact value is established by preset
adjustment.
This circuit, together with a 5-command transmitter (Fig. 12) gives a low component count, low cost remote
control system for analogue and digital functions.
61
IH414&
IN4148 ·t
F(L'U.Q,'~
,.
~I
!O, .. , lUI
-16'4'
Fig.16 6V 1A transistor motor drive Fig.17 Compact infra-red receiver
...
-
Fig.18 Infra·red drive for car or truck
PLESSEY
,.
ML925
11
10
Fig.19 Infra-red drive for car with :J.position steering
62
. . "'I 10 ... A.
5bOl\
L---------~----------~--L-~--_r~O,
Fig.20 Simple IR TV control
63
64
5. ELECTRONIC
TOUCI-I CONTROL
65
66
Introduction
Electronic touch selection was initially incorporated into TV tuners to overcome most of the difficulties
associated with mechanically interlocked switches such as unstable contact resistance and misoperation of
the mechanical latching mechanism. These problems increase as more channels are needed and as
electronic varactor tuning was introduced electronic touch selection was a natural, partner development.
The primary requirement of any touch system is to sense the impedance of a finger across two selection
contacts. A memory and display facility is then used to remember the last selection made and indicated this
state. All previous selections are usually cancelled. Such selection systems have beedn used not only for TV
touch tuning but also in FM stereo tuners and AC power control although the major commerical application
by far is the TV market especially where European consumers are requiring more than 12 programme sets.
The reliability hazard of a multiple interlinked mechanical system becomes acceptable. A single chip solid
state solution is very attractive. Such a system will require each TV channel to have
1. A touch sense input.
2. An output for varactor tuning.
3. A channel indicator.
Other facilities required may be stepping mode for a remote control option, the ability of system expansion by
cascading units, a muting facility for the sound channel and disabling the AFC during the selection change, a
preset state of switch on and possibly a band switching function.
The ML230 Series

Plessey Semiconductors have developed a series of low threshold P-MOS touch control devices to cater for
the majority or requirements. MaS integrated circuits are ideally suited to the high impedance input
requirements of touch sensing circuits. A higher order of integration is achievable with MaS technology so
that all requirements may be realised with a single device. A high noise immunity and a very economic supply
current ma~e these devices ideally suited to TV touch tuning.
The basic touch sensing, laching and output configuration is shown in Fig. 1. Apositive sense input normally
has a voltage which is more negative than O.6(V DD-V SS) on one of the channel touch sensing inputs. A
simplified representation of the circuit is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. A voltage comparator with a threshold
voltage of O.5(V DD-V SS) is used to set the channel bistable memory and reset all other channels. One output
transistor then enables the varicap output line for tuning while the other holds the input at V SS and possible
drives an indicator. The varactor supply and output are separated from the main device sensing circuit and
slection logic supply in all ML230 series devices, so that nothing need interfere with the tuning voltage
regulation. The 'ON' resistance of the varicap outputs in guaranteed to be less than 1000hms at 10mA for.
devices in the series.
Table 1 shows a range of Plessey Touch Selection devices and lists some of the different facilities they offer.
ML231B ML232B ML236B ML237B ML238B ML239B
Number of pins or package 16 16 24 18 24 24

Number of channels 6 6 6 6 8 8
Neons(2) Yes Yes Yes Yes(1) Yes Yes(')
LEDs(') Yes Yes Yes Yes(3) Yes Yes(31
Sensitivity, RF ( 100M, Mains) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
( 5OM, High DC) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
( 20M, Vss DC) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Channel Selection, + ve Yes Yes Yes - Yes -
-ve (GND) - - - Yes - Yes
Stepping Facility - Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Mute alP - - Yes Yes Yes Yes
Clear liP - - Yes - Yes Yes
Cascadable - - Yes - - -
Channel Selected, Power Up 3 Anyl61 Anyl61 1 1 1
Band Selection l ') Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
NOTES
1. Neons with a ± 10% tolerance on striking voltage.
2. Neons with a ± 20% tolerance on striking voltage.
3. LED's used at a current below 5mA.
4. LED's used at a current below 10mA.
5. With Neons or LED's at reduced sensitivity.
6. Some external components are required.
TABLE 1. ML230 Senes
67
RESET TO VSV IVARICAPI
RESETS FROM OTHER CHANNELS
OTHER CHANNELS
....1_~_+VDD
VARICAP O/P.
SENSE liP
Fig. 1 Basic channel arrangement of a

multichannel touch selection device.
O.SIVDD-VSSI RESET VSS VSV

OUT
CHl
Fig. 2 Part of a touch control showing

channell only.
REF -...ELl
I
a I
-'~L_EL.J~LRESETS FROM
I I I CHANNELS
RESET
OUT 1 CH2 'I CH3 " CH4 " CHS " CH6 "
, I"
1 6
I RESETS
I I I I VSS
, FROM
I OTHER
CHANNELS
, , , I 'I --b
L ___ JrT H_I ~ T_j'
ili-~~w~~
r.1
Fig. 3 Basic 6 channel touch selector,

ML231.
68
Design considerations
The ML230 series of integrated ciruits can be easily designed into many applications and internal protection is
included, but resonable care should be taken as with any other M08 device particularly before and during
connecting the device to the external circuit. The in dependant V 8 varicap supply should not exceed V 88 and
for optimum drive should not be less than V ss -0.7V. All devices are tested at 30V and 36V and some
applications exist where successful performance has been achieved with V 88'-V DO =16V.
Touch 8ensing
The requirement of the touch sensing inputs is to sense safely a finger resistance which could be over
20Mohms. B8415 suggests a comfort limit of 0.3mA peak and specifies a safety limit of 0.7mA peak current
flowing between any accessible conductor (in this case the touch plates) and any other externally fed
conductor (in this case 240V 50Hz). Thus a minimum resistance, R1, can be calculated:-
RI = 240 x f f
k ohms
0.7
485 kohms
Also the maximum leakage of the ML230 series inputs is specified as 1M A, the input leakage resistor, R1, in
Figs.4(a) and 4(b) has to pass this leakage current without allowing the input of the device to approach too
closely to the sensing threshold.
Minimum input threshold voltage=O.4 (V DO-V 88). Choose a safe limit of input voltage, e.g. V DO +10V.
R1 = 10V =10Mohm
1M A
Fig.4(a) shows how a touch sensing circuit may be arranged to operate using the 33V or so of the device
supply. R2 and R3 are both safety components needed in the case of unisolated, usual, television chassis
arrangement. A lower finger resistance will be needed to be sensed by such a low voltage circuit. Let this
maximum worst case finger resistance be Rf. Then for sensing at the highest threshold:-
Rf+ R2 +R3 = 0.4

10 0.6
Therefore Rf =5 ..5M
This sensitivity is adequate if good touch contacts are used but he arrangement shown in Fig.4(b) will provide
better sensitivity. In this case
Rf +16.8=240./2
2
Thus Rf = 150Mohms
It will be noted from Table 1 that two devices. ML237 and ML239 are available fortouch selection by a negative
potential. These circuits overcome any difficulties experienced in selection when the user is statically
charged due to a dry atmosphere and carpeting of a synthetic fibre material. Problems in selection associated
with a low impedance ground path such as when the user is in contact with a metal radiator can be solved by
ensuring that devices have their inputs conditioned towards ground when they are being selected.
69
• vss 240V 50Hz 240V 50Hz VSS
~
$~ • VOO,VSS
~
$
3
10M 01
IN4005
R2
1K2
REVERSED FOR
ML 237, ML239
R4 t DIODE REVERSED
TOUCH TOUCH 150K FOR ML237, ML2l8
CONTACTS CONTACTS
• NOT REQUIRED
WITH 'LOW REVERSE
NEON LEAKAGE LED
R1
2K2
lal VDD Ibl

• VDD lal • VDD Ibl
Fig. 4 Touch plate components. Fig. 5 Neon and LED circuit arrangement.
Channel Indication Using Neons

Miniature wire ended neons can easily be used as channel indicators. The ML230 series incorporates low
impedance current driving elements operating on the channel selection inputs. This means that the outputs
to the tuning voltage presets need be used for any other function. This isolation gives better tuning stability.
Fig.5(a) shows how easily a neon such as Hivac 3L type can be incorporated into a mains voltage touch
sensing arrangement similar to that shown in Fig.4(b). The direction of the diode will be reversed for negative
touch sensing circuits ML237 and ML239. Neon indicators are cheap and only demand a current ofO.3mA to
1mA to fully illuminate a miniature wire ended type. They do however, require a high voltage supply in orderto
strike satisfactorily. To add a neon indicator to the touch circuit shown in Fig.4(a) a supply of 150V and a
series resistor 0.7mA. When using neons with lower voltage touch sensing circuits care should be taken that
the neon striking does not degrade the touch sensitivity. A neon 'hold off' transistor may be required,
particularly with the ML237 and ML239 negative sensing circuits when low voltage touch sensing is used.
Such a circuit is shown in Fig.6. Immediately the input voltage falls below th!l threshold due to a finger
resistance across the touch contacts, a mute pulse is generated which turns on the BC546 transistor. With this
transistor on, the voltage across the neons is reduced to 33V and all neons are extinguished. After the mute
pulse the.BC546 transistor turns off and allows the new channel indicator to strike across the full103V supply.
The transistor switch thus ensures that all previous indicators are cleared and no leakage paths exist to
interfere with the new selection.
+ 70V +.33V
330K 47K 560K
1K 560K
100K
----,
I
I
"
ML237
ML239 I 10M
1K2
39K
-33V=-.j>-----t============t-----
MUTE LINE
8200
OV
Fig. 6 Mute used to 'hold off' neons Fig. 7 Low voltage sensing with improved
IML237, ML239). s'ensitivity.
70
LED Channel Indicators
LEOs can easily be used as channel indicators provided that the maximum drive current is not exceeded. As
can be seen from the data sheets the 'ON' resistance of all ML230 series varicap outputs is less than 1000hms
at a current of 10mA. The input 'ON' resistance is a maximum or 2500hms at a current of 10mA except when
using the ML237 and ML239when the maximum current is 2mA. Thus LED's can bedriven at 100r 12mA from
the outputs or a current of 4 or 8mA may be used from the input pins in the case of the ML231, ML232, ML236
and ML238.
Fig. 7 shows a low voltage sensing circuit with LED indicators. The LED current is defined by the 1.2K and
8200hm resistor as about 10mA. An offset voltage is fed from 9200hm resistor via the 10M leakage resistor to
the input. This offset voltages of 11.8V in the case of Fig. 7 increases the touch sensitivity to 20Mohms. The
diodes supplement the reverse characteristics of the LED's. The 1k resistor sets a voltage of 0.6 V SS on this
diode, to reverse bias it when no channel is selected. This is important at turn or when the ML236 is cascaded,
because LED leakage could cause spurious selection.
The difficulty in using the ML237 or ML239 inputs to drive higher current indicators is due to the fact that the
MaS transistors used as source followers given an appreciable voltage drop. This could lead to the channel
selection threshold being exceeded and so channel selection would not be stable. Fig.8 shows an example of
such an input characteristic. More current than the guaranteed 2mA may be sunk by the input, but as the
voltage increases towards the threshold, stable selection becomes more difficult to maintain. The load lines
shown given an indication of the series resistance required, but is should be remembered that Fig. 8 is only an
example and not typical of all devices. Also, the threshold voltage specification is 0.4 to 0.6(V SS-V DO),
ANY CONVENIENT
SUITABLE POSITIVE SUPPLY
DROPPER • 33V REGULATOR
4K RESISTOR 180
33.7 j-{:=-.---!
5K
11N
6K
(mAl VARICAP
'VOLTAGE
TO TUNER
OL-________- ,__~L-~~__~~~~~~~~.
o 10 VTH 20 VIN {W.R.T. VDDI30 VSS 680K
Fig. 8 Example input characteristic

(ML237). Fig. 9 Varicap Supply and Selection.
Varicap voltage switches
All ML230 series devices are guaranteed to have an output resistance of less than 1000hm for their varicap
output switches. This means that excellent regulation can be maintained for the varicap output voltage. As
mentioned previously the varicap supply, V SS, is brought out to a different pin Fig. 9 shows the simplest
arrangement that allows different tuning voltages to be present using the 1OOK variable potentiometers. Only
one MaS switch is shown and only 3 channels, but 6, 8 or more channels can be accommodated. However
many channels are used only one MaS switch wil be 'ON' at any time. The diodes allow the potentiometer
settings to be independent of each other. One idea for temperature compensation is shown, but a number of
systems can be used to compensate for not only the varicap drift and the varicap supply stability but also the
0.5V/o C or so change in voltage across the MaS switch and the 2.3V/ 0 C of the diodes. Forward biased
diodes, zener diodes and thermistors may all be utilised for best temperature stability.
71
STEPIIP,--------------------------,
100K
Fig. 10 24 channel touch selector with stepping facility.
6 PROGRAMS 1 x ML232
8 PROGRAMS 1 x ML238
12 PROGRAMS 2 x ML236 r---r---C:~c:----1 + 200V
18 PROGRAMS 2 x ML236 220K 18K
'OIlA.
.33V
TO TUNER
I-'---,.--<=:r-'--c:::>-t-- VAR I CAP
CONTROL
rC:::J-+-t-t-t--I ML230 I--Co..-

SERIES
rC:::J-+--t-~ i--cLf-
::) "--', '100
820K
VDD
-:, STEP :
INPUT .... ,
LI
Fig. 11 ML230 Series Minimum Fig. 12 ML2398 driven from single high
Components, voltage DC supply.
A universal application
Appendix 1 contains a printed wiring layout, circuit configuration and component details for a positive or
negative touch selection application using LED's or neons respectively. Most of the component details have
been covered previously and either circuit can be easily adapted for other slightly different requirements.
Included in the ML236 data sheet is an application circuit for a 12 channel touch selector using 2 devices.
Fig.10 clearly illustrates how any number of ML236 devices may be cascaded, diodes will be needed if more
than 2 devices are. cascaded.
Fig.11 incorporates an AFC defeat function when momentary action push switches are used. Very few
components are needed for this configuration which offers all the main facilities.
The circuit in Fig.12 only requires a single supply for neon, chip and varicaps. A shunt regulator controlled
from the varicap zener feeds the chip and the varicap tuning voltage out is temperature compensated.
ML238 application circuit
It will be seen from Appendix 1 that the ML238 circuit uses a low voltage (33V) touch selection supply with
improved sensitivity circuitry. The mute time constant capacitor of 22nF gives a mute time of about 18ms at a
V SS of 33V. When a stepping input applied the mute time is increased by the width of the stepping pulse.
Some temperature compensation is afforded by the diode connecting the lower end of the preset
potentiometers to chassis. An added facility not previously mentioned is the band selection circuitry for
72
multi-tuner arrangements. The set of 3 way switches an ow band I III IV N to be selected automatically for any
channel via the 3 emitter followers.
ML239 application
Appendix 1 gain shows a low voltage touch selection supply for this device. A new selection is made when an
input becomes more negative (towards chassis) and falls below the input threshold. Thus this device in this
application will not only switch when the user has a high (negative) static charge, but will also switch
satisfactorily when the user is at ground potential (due to contact with a central heating radiator say).
A 150V DC supply is used forthe high intensity neons because such neons have a high striking voltage. A high
voltage transistor, turned on by the mute output is ued to turn off all indicators during a channel change. This
transistor has to withstand the full neon striking voltage and also survive if no neon is on, during start up for
instance. The BC447 transistor used has an 80V BV CBO and BV CEO • Also it is used with an 18k base-emitter
resistor. The touch sensitivity is not quite as good as the previous application and so the touch plate resistors
are kept low at 560k, the minimum allowable by the safety limit.
Appendix 1
If
SOUND AFC
.15 40V TO 200V MUTE • DEFEAT
mJ n~:l·
WITH SUITABLE RESISTORS OK JL
Im 1~"~~ft6'
1K
..
: ,,:;;j-<_.
';~~~~
2M7
·
··
I' vss 1 ~~vsvl.
0 ~~r--- ~~
ML23B
f~~, ,_,
-,J"
1K2
B200 IYI Yl n
nn
BANDS I III VIIV
Appendix I. Fig. 1.
• 150V OV
560K
m,
220K
47n
47l< ~~~~ _ oJ oJ -TQUCH VARICA P
~I- PLATES CONTR OL
47K ,----- ~~
-,
, " 100K
~X ,
,
"
~
~ , "
"
K5 ,
, Ml239 "
., "
,- JJ]1
t :1BK
]BC4
VDD
".
-"
ff"~
33n
"l-
"h
"
"
n
.12V
~od_Qd _oJ 33K,r.;:
I I I I I .'!:> 'r.;:
~{r.:;J
_... _-- I~.
Appendix I. Fig. 2. BANDS I II VIIV
73
8200
GROUND
-=-
ill
BAND1 - -
=
TO VARICAP - -
\10M(~
BANDIV -
+12V
lBANDll1 -- ~ ~.
:§: N
+,33V, _- -=-- lJJ
STEP INPUT
___ _ ~.l OJ
CLEAR INPUT - - - .-----~--_-- ~T _
MUTEOUTPUT=
~o~ bD• ~
r -=--~-
-=- 1k
... r 33k
L -=- 1mS
I .. 82mm
Appendix I. Fig, 3,
GROUND--·
-=--==-)
-=<==J-@
~
560k
I
BAND 1 ~20k'"
TOVARICAP=
BAND IV
+12V = ---
--<><--<
--+c)-®
--<}--
.....c- ® 1MH
---
,BAND III - - - ...po-- -«>-
.....q.:..
+,33V - - o-e--
o-e-- ~®
STEP INPUT
CLEAR INPUT
MUTE OUTPUT =
+150V --
-
---~)
~
~560k
c:=,=j T
--"'>-
@
..J
Appendix 1, F'Ig,4,
______________ ,A,~ppend~/, F0, ~
74
L
Appendix I. Fig. 6
Appendix 2: Pin Connection Diagrams
VARICAP SENSE INPUTS VARICAP SENSE INPUTS

OUTPUTS INDICATOR OUTPUTS OUTPUTS INDICATOR OUTPUTS
ML2318 ML2328
CLEAR INPUT VOO
VSV SERIAL IN
INPUT CH 1 Voo
reo,,"
OUTPUT CH 2
INPUT CH 1
INPUT CH 2
SENSE
INPUTS
INPUT CH 2 OUTPUT CH 1
l
SENSE
OUTPUT CH 3 INPUT CH 3 INPUTS NEON
VARICAP OUTPUTS INPUT CH 4 OUTPUT CH 3 VARICAP
INDICATOR
OUTPUTS OUTPUTS
OUTPUT CH 4 INPUT CH 4 OUTPUTS
OUTPUT CH 5 INPUT CH 5
OUTPUT CH 6 INPUT CH 6
STEP INPUT OUTPUT CH 6
MUTE SWITCH 1 NO CONNECTION
MUTE TIMING
MUTE OUTPUT
CONTROL
Vss MUTE SENSE INPUT
MUTE SWITCH 2 STEP INPUT Vss VSV
RESET OUTPUT SERIAL OUTPUT ML2378

ML2368
75
NO CONNECTION Voo NO CONNECTION Voo
INPUT CH 1 OUTPUT CH 1 INPUT CH 1 OUTPUT CH 1
SENSE SENSE
INPUT CH , OUTPUT CH t. INPUTS INPUT CH , OUTPUT CH t.
INPUTS VARICAP VARICAP
INDICATOR OUTPUTS NEON OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS OUTPUTS
INPUT CH 8 OUTPUT CH B INPUT CH 8 OUTPUT CH 8
STE P INPUT MUTE OUTPUT STEP INPUT MUTE OUTPUT
MUTE TIMING MUTE TIMING CLEAR INPUT

CLEAR INPUT
CONTROL CONTROL
VSS VSV VSS VSV
ML2388 ML2398
76
6. REMOTE CONTROL
USING PPM
77
78
Introduction
Plessey Semiconductors have developed and produced two integrated circuits that when combined give on e
of the most flexible remote control systems on the market. The SL490 is a pulse-transmitting remote
controller, for use in conjunction with the ML920 receiver.
Methods of control can be achieved by cable, sound, ultrasonic, visible light, infra-red or radio frequency.
On a television set, it is possible to control the Brightness, Volume and Color in 32 steps from minimum to
maximum. In addition, facilities for Sound Mute, Color Kill and Normalise, as well as a number of other options
which will be fully described later, are incorporated within the system. The system can be used with Television
having 8,10,12,16 or 20 programme selections. If more than 20 selections are needed, the system is easily
expanded.
Commands are transmitted by codes via a pulse position modulated signal. The SL490 can give a modulated
carrier frequency from the on-chip oscillator. This on-chip oscillator, used for carrier generation, is selectable
so that pulses with or without a carrier frequency may be transmitted.
The Pulse Width/Modulation Rate is variable, and PPM results in:-
(i) An economy of Channel Width
(ii) A greater number of Commands Binary Codes, transmitted in a Pulse Position Modulated Signal help in
ensuring that incorrect signals do not operate the receiver. 5 bits of information contained within 6 pulses are
transmitted and when detected by the receiver are checked. Pulses must be of the correct pulse width, in the
correct position, the gap between words must be as designated, and finally, two identical words must be
received before the receiver is allowed to action the sinal. Consequently this system is virtually immune to
incorrect signals.
As current is conducted only when a contact is made by a key switch, negligable power is consumed from the
battery in the transmitter, thus ensuring that battery life is nearly as long as shelf life.
A whole series of domestic appliances may be controlled by just one transmitter. For example, since the
remote control system can be used for Television, Radio/Tuner, Tape/Recorder Decks. Garage Doors etc.,
then with just one transmitter the following can be controlled remotely:-
(i) the garage doors may be opened.
(ii) a porch light may be switched on
(iii) a radio, tape recorder or television may be switched on and the desired programme selected.
(iv) cooker hotplates or oven setting may be adjusted.
I9vI
BATTERY
L PP3 ...J
4x8
• __ ~~TRASONIC q"" ~~~---:
KEY
MATRIX
FI~~ER ,-_...1.-_--',
tl~ED ~
NETWORK ~~
L--J
Fig. 1. Plessey Remote Control System Block Diagram
79
Other Possibilities
(1) An automatic telephone answering machine can itself be commanded to relay all its messages over the
telephone, instead of having to manually play-back the telephone messages.
(2) The Remote Control of Toys and Models.
(3) Industrial Control e.g. may be used to trigger, interrogate, and transmit back information from a sub-
station to the Main station, so that data can be analysed and appropriate actions carried out.
In general, all systems that have in the past relied on some method of manual triggering such that infromation,
data etc. can be recorded and perhaps appropriately actioned, can noe be remotely triggered and remotely
actioned.
The Transmitter Unit
The SL490 though initially designed with TV remote control in mind may be used whenever a compact pulse
coded digital transmission system can be realised. A basic 5-bit code is used giving 32 code words which can
be modulated as pulse position modulation (ppm) onto a single carrier frequency or transmitted as baseband
pulse position modulation. Fig.1 shows how an ultrasonic or infra-red link may be used to control 3 analogue
settings, select up to 20 channels and give 6 other control functions by using an SL490 ppm transmitter and a
ML920 ppm receiver. The SL490 could equally well be used to drive a cable link or a radio link.
Only single pole switches are needed in the key matrix and fairly high 'on' switch resistance may be tolerated.
The transmitter has a very low standby current (leakage only), and a transmission is economical on power due
to the design and low duty cycle of pulses fed to the load. An ultrasonic transducer may be fed directly using
only 2 resistors and 3 capacitors external to the device. Thus, small battery, ahnd held, portable operation is
easily implemented and low cost ultrasonic transducers may be used at their natural resonant frequency.
For infra-red operation, a 2 or 3 transistor amplifier is used to feed very narrow high current pulses to a gallium
arsenide, infra-red emitting diodes, such as the Plessey GAL32. If a higher output is required, 3 or 4 GAL32
diodes can be used in parallel. The pulse nature of the signal allows the diode emitter to work at a higher light
output efficiency and the battery current to be reduced. Figs.2,3 and 4 show the output voltages waveforms
obtainable. Fig.2 shows a lower than normal carrier frequency compared to the pulse width. This is done for
clarity although the device would operate satisfactory with such timing.
'1' '0'
_ _ TIME
Fig. 2. PPM Output showing ultrasonic carrier frequency
3mS 27mS 18mS 54mS
Fig. 3. Ultrasonic transmitter output Fig. 4. PPM output (Pin 2) with no c.arrier
(For A '1' period of 18mS)
80
The Receiver Amplifier
At the receiving end of the link, the system will require some sort of gain and bandwidth defining stages,
before the detected signal is fed to the ML920 receiver. Usually 2 or at the most 3 amplifier stages are sufficient
with some fairly simple active filtering, and in the case of the infra-red link, an infra-red filter, required before
the photo transistor. After filtering and amplifying the ultrasonic frequency, a simple diode detector may be
used. The detected PPM can then be fed to the ML920 via a buffer amplifier stage. Fig.S shows how an
ultrasonic frequency of 33KHZ to 43KHZ may be chosen to avoid the second and third harmonic of the TV line
output stage.
An inexpensive transducer may be chosen with its natural resonant frequency within this band, and driven at
its natural resonance which simplifies loading and improves power output. The actual bandwidth needed
about the carrier is approximately 10KHZ. The data rate may be chosen by considering the rate at which the
analogue outputs of the ML920 are required to step. If for example we require an analogue output to sweep its
full range (32 steps) in about 10 seconds, this requires one step every 300m sec or so, but because of the
receiver error checking code comparator, the transmitter word rate should be set to 1S0msec.
Referring to Fig.3, it will be seen that the code word period including the inter-word space is 162msec which
will give the required analogue change rate, full range in about 10 seconds. The only adjustment needed in the
receiver is to set the oscillator time constant, so that 20 time periods on the receiver monitor, (pin 9),
corresponds to a '0' interval of the incoming PPM (see Fig.6). The demodulator timing oscillator frequency
tolerances of up to 10% in both the transmitter and the receiver. This can be seen from the timing window
durations of Fig.6.
J)
1st TYPICAL ULTRASONIC
t TRANSDUCER RESPONSE
AMPLITUDE ...
, 3rd
\
1\
\
40
NARROW FREQUENCi---'
lOR PPM SYSTEM I
'S' RESET
15K625 31 K25 46K875

10 16 30 60
- FREQUENCY
TIME PERIODS (PIN 9) - -
(Hz)
Fig. 5. Ultrasonic transducer reponse with line frequency Fig. 6. PPM Demodulator timing
and its harmonics
An infra-red link
For short range remote control, infra-red links have advantages over ultrasonic links-less multipath
interference, lower spurious radiation, less annoyance to humans and animals, a higher modulation rate
capability and more robust transducers. High efficiency infra-red light emitting diodes (LED) are relatively·
inexpensive and can incorporate both reflector and lens for a more concentrated beam light. Multichip
assemnlies are also becoming more common and these can take fairly high currents, LED's become more
efficient at higher currents, and pulse an d multiplex systems are common for display systems. Thus a PPM
system can be made to operate a LED at quite high outputs for small increase in battery current. Morethan one
LED may be connected in series at lower currents and in parallel at higher currents, and these emitters can
have different orientation of their axes if required.
On the receiver side, a photo diode or photo transistor can be used with an appropriate infra-red filter. Fig,7
shows how a photo detector response, although peaking in the near infra-red region, has good detection
properties at visible light wavelengths and into the ultra-violet. As the energy emitted from a gallium arsenide
LED is in the main a narrow band emission at 940nm, a correctly chosen filter will attenuate greatly most of the
interferring noise signals. Other noise sources which have large emissions in the infra-red e,g. a tungsten
filament lamp, can be rejected by carrier modulation of the infra-red link,
81
Both amplitude modulation and frequency modulation have been used, but neither have simplicity nor all the
advantages that a pulse system can offer in LED driving efficiency and economy of detection. Pulse Position
Modulation using a narrow pulsed high current drive to a gallium arsenide LED, enables a very good signal to
noise ratio to obtained at the demodulation. Only photo-detector saturation (in very bright sunlight for
example) or the very close proximity of a high output fluorescent gas discharge tube could cause the
reception to be interrupted.
SL490 - remote control receiver
General description
The SL490 ia an 18 pin, bipolar, remote control pulse transmitting monolithic circuit for use with the ML920
Receiver Single pole switches arranged in a 4 x 8 matrix or 12 keys (1 out of 4 and 1 out of 8) are encoded by the
device which then gives a modulated carrier frequency from an on-chip oscillator. A standby current of only
6uA or so is taken from a 9V supply by the device until any switch closure is detected. (A PP3 battery can have
a battery life of about two years in this system). The modulated output can drive an ultrasonic transducer
directly at its natural resonant frequency, enabling inexpensive crystals to be used. A 5 bit pulse position
modulated signal is used giving 32 basic commands. These commands could be used in a TV remote control
system to select 20 programs, control 3 analogue functions and provide 6 additional switching functions.
Apart from the battery, switch, matrix and transducer, only 3 capacitors and 2 resistors are needed externally .
. A single RC selects carrier options and defines frequency. The other RC defines modulation rate. Output
capability is direct ultrasonic transducer feed, and complimentary outputs with or without active pull ups.
Continuous or pulsed visual indication can be driven directly from pin 2. Carrier oscillator may be disabled for
pulsed operation of infra-red. More than one set of 32 commands may be utilised by changing modulation
rate/carrier frequency.
Despite the comprehensive range of facilities offered by this remote control system, the SL490 makes the
transmitter a very simple unit. Fig. 8 outlines the block diagram of the transmitter.
100
TRANSMISSION
(%)
SILICON
80 PHOTODETECTOR
60
40
20
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 o.g 1.0 1.1 1.2
WAVELENGTH (urn)
Fig. 7. Optical Response Characteristics
82
Circuit operation
The device transmits a code word as a group of 6 pulses. Each of the five intervals between these pulses may
take up 2 possible values, a short interval corresponding to a '1' OR A LONG INTERVAL CORRESPONDING
l' or a long interval corresponding
to a '0'. Fig.3 shows the timing relationship between pulses '1', '0' and'S', the space or synchronisation gap
between words. The ratio of the intervals representing '1','0' and'S' is 2:3:6 and is fixed by the device. In
addition the width of the pulse is about 1/6th of '1' interval or 1/3:2 on the above ratio scale. Thus 32 different
codewords may be transmitted by the 5 bit code.
A particular codeword is selected by switching one out of eight current sources to one out of four current
sinks (one of these current sinks is 0 Volts). All decoding is done by the integrated circuit, (see Fig.1 0). The
circuit draws only about 6uA from the supply until a switch closure is detected. Power is then applied to the
whole circuit. The appropriate PPM code is then generated repeatedly until the switch is released, whence,
the device reverts to standby, after the codeword being transmitted is completed.
3
~D
TIMING
GEN
SWITCH
MATRIX MONITOR
CURRENT
CODE L--.-r---,
REGIST
ONI ON 11
COUNTER STANDBY RECALL 12.
SWITCH L-.J POWER CLEAR
AFC-13·
MATRIX DECODER
14
CURRENT TIMECONST.
AND
SINKS NORMALISE
CARRIER 18
LOGIC
~
.STEP PRO,
STEP
15
OV TIME CaNST.
Fig. 8. Transmitter SL490 Block Diagram
EDC BABABABA
~ r[;"~
00 01 10 "
000
COLOR KILL
001
100K lOOK 16 171819 20
OlD
0"
I 1 -.;.
r,og~
100 "-'> Fig. 9. Remote Control Receiver ML920 Block Diagram
lDI
\10
\II
l- SL490
I-
!-- ~~PL101
'---
t--
'--- I--- 1K
k
ill
9V
6r~~1- 100K
100~~ }OOK
.
J. BC547
lt~ ov
Fig. 10. Ultrasonic Transmitter Unit
83
ML920 - remote control receiver
General description
The ML920 ,is a 24 pin PMOS/LSI monolithic circuit, designed to decode the 32 possible 5 bit codes
transmitted by the SL490. It functions as a remote control receiver of pulse position modulated signals. After
demodulation, verification and comparison of 2 consecutive codewords, the incoming pulse position
modulated signal is decoded to give 20 channels, 3 analogue controls plus 6 other control functions. It
requires a supply of about 17 Volts and 12mA. Fig.9 outlines the block diagram of the Receiver.
Circuit Operation
The ML920 operates on a timescale fixed by the on-chip oscillator and an external Rand Ctime constant that
defines its frequency. A counter is reset whenever an input pulse is received (see Fig.6). The counter defines
timing windows for the following pulse. After a pulse is received the input is disabled until a count of 10. This is
to prohibit any possibilities of pulse echoes of multipath reflections upsetting the correct transmission. If a
pulse is received after a count of 10 has been attained, it will be accepted as a '1', a '0' or an'S' ('S' is the
synchronisation interval or interword space). If a space is received, then a check is made to ensure that 6
pulses have previously been received. If no pulse has been received when the counter reaches 60, then a
general reset takes place, and the start of a new codeword is awaited. Only when two successive codewords
have been correctly received and a comparison check to prove that the two codewords are identical, is the
infromation passed to the decoder to be acted upon.
The ML920 has 3 Digital-Analogue converters on its chip. Its outputs are in the form of current sinks which
have 32 current levels from 0 to about 1mAo In Television, this eliminates some interface circuitry and allows
this device to control circuits such as the TBA120S and the TBA560. Hence, direct controls of the Volume,
Brightness and Color of the set is possible. An Up/Down counter is incorporated into the 5 bit data highway
and this allows channel, volume, brightness or color words to be read, incremented and re-written into their
respective stores. If 'color' is zero then 'color kill' is automatically generated. The circuit also has sound mute
which turns the sound down to zero instantly, thus avoiding the ramping down of the sound through a 32 step
volume control, as it has a slow rate of change to allow fine control. When the mute button is pressed a second
time, the television reverts to its original volume. The ON/STANDBY output switches the TV on from the
standby condition or vice-versa.
ML920 Pin Functions
Negative Logic: '0' is OV (V ss) 'I' is - 17V (V DD)
Pin Name Function

3 VDD -17V power su~ply
4 VSS OV power supply

5 ON/STANDBY liP A '1' on this pin will toggle pin 11 (ON O/P), generate RECALL
and AFC VOLUME, BRIGHTNESS and COLOR, reset MUTE
and set channel code 00000.
6 NORMALISE liP A '1' will normalise the VOLUME, BRIGHTNESS and COLOR
outputs A RECALL signal is generated and MUTE is reset.
7 PROGRAM STEP The program code will step up by 1 as long as this pin is held at
logic '1 '. The time period between steps is defined by an RC
constant attached to pin 15. On reaching 20 the next step
returns to 1. On output is set to ON, and AFC is generated. If the
TV goes from Standby to ON, RECALL is generated and
VOLUME, BRIGHTNESS and COLOR are normalised. If
VOLUME is 0, MUTE is reset.
8 OSC. TIME An RC time constant is formed for the clock timing be
CONSTANT connecting external components one resistor and one
capacitor, to this pin. Adjusted so that period of outputs on pin 9
is 1/20 of '0' interval of incoming ppm. by
9 OSCILLATOR This output is a division of two of the oscillator, and is available
MONITOR for testing and setting purpose
84
10 PPM liP The output of the front end amplifier is connected here such that
the signal is in the form of positive pulses seperated by time
periods whose length define the data. With no signal PPM input
is at a logic 1.
11 ON OIP Open drain output. Logic 1 denotes TV set ON: Logic '0' TV set
standby. Set to 1 when program number changes
Set to 0 power clear or by Transmitter selected 'Standby'.
Toggle to opposite state by manual ONISTANDBY control
12 RECALL OIP Open drain output A '1' may be used to trigger an on-screen
display. A static output is generated by the manual controls
ONISTANDBY and NORMAL.
A pulse is generated by any channel change if the circuit
switches to 'ON' at the time, and by RECALL and NORMALISE
commands from the transmitter.
13 AFC OIP Open drain output. Logic 1 can inhibit the tuner AFC
A static output is generated by manual ONISTANDBY control.
A pulse is generated by any program number change.
14 POWER CLEAR A capacitor and resistor connected here define the time delay
for the power clear circuit which normalises all D-A outputs
etc.
15 PROGRAM STEP An R-C time constant defines the time period between
TIME CONSTANT increments of the channel when stepping.
16-20 PROGRAM 5 Outputs encode 20 program numbers in binary code

E DC BA
Program 1 is 0 0 0 0 0
Program 20 is 1 0 0 1 1
E is first and A is last in the PPM pulse train.

Program 1 is set when ON goes to a '1 '.
21,23,1 VOLUME These three outputs are from three 5 bit current mirror DIA
BRIGHTNESS converters. They are referenced to the current drawn from pin
COLOR 24, Iref, and give 32 steps, Iretl8 per step, from 0 to 31/81ref. The
outputs will be set to 12/8 Iref by the NORMALISE liP the
mormalise code from the transmitter or when the ON output
goes to a '1'.
22 MUTE OIP This will change state (toggle) on reception of a mute command
but if VOLUME OIP is zero MUTE OIP is held at '0'.
24 DIA REFERENCE A current drain Iref, set by a single external resistor will fix the
nominal step of the DIA outputs to Iretl8.
2 COLOR KILL This OIP gives a logic '0' when the COLOR DIA output is zero.
Applications
Ultrasonic Transmitter
As previously mentioned the SL490 PPM transmitter and ML920 PPM receiver can be used whenever a binary
digital channel exists to control both digital and analogue functions. Fig.10 shows how an additional NPN
transistor (BC547) may be used to drive a visible light LED is required. Two PNP transistors (BC557) may also
be added as shown as active 'pull ups' to increase the power fed to the ultrasonic transducer at the expense of
a slight increase in battery current consumption. Without these, the output current is limited to about 5mA by
internal pull up resistors, but even with the transducer directly powered from pins 2 and 3, adequate load
power is obtained by the 18V effective output swing.
The modulation rate of the PPM signal is set by the CR network on pin 16. With the 220nF capacitor shown, a
variable resistor set at 50Kohms should give a PPM speed such that the word rate is 150mS, but almost any
85
desired rate can be selected if required. The CR network on pin 18similarly sets the desired carrier frequency.
In this particular application the 1.5nF capacitor and the 22Kohms resistor are used. to set the carrier
frequency to the natural resonance of the transducer, about 38KHZ. By choosing a suitable capacitor and
trimming resistor, a wide range of carrier frequencies (0 to 200KHZ) are possible.
Ultrasonic Receiver
Before the received Ultrasonic signal can be detected and 'fed to the ML920 PPM demodulator, it must be
amplified. Some frequency selectivity is also desirable and this can be achieved by an operational amplifier,
active filter stage. Fig.11 shows how an SL748 can be used as the first amplifier stage. Some lower output
transducers may require an additional single transistor amplifier stage before this. The amplified signal is
detected by the NPN transistor (BC547) and after smoothing, is fed to the interface amplifier. The input of this
amplifier is biased so that a threshold is set up just above the noise level. The output is thus reasonably noise
free and sufficient amplitude to drive the ML920 directly into pin 10. This receiver together with the transmitter
has been used to give a working range of 6m without active pull ups and 8m with active pull ups although this
does depend on transducer efficiency. The word rate used is about 6 per second giving a command rate of 1
receiver command every 300mS. The circuit and component layout is shown in Fig.14 a(1d Fig.15.
Infra-red Transmitter
For infra-red transmitter unit, the SL490 is easily madeto give out a carrier frequency, or converted so that the
output will consist of narrow DC pulses. If no carrier frequency is needed for the PPM output then no capacitor
is needed on pin 18 and resistor value should be reduced to 2.2Kohms. A narrow current pulse is derived from
pin 3 shown in Fig.12 and this is used to drive the LED array by a PNP-NPN configuration, (in this instance the
NPN transistor is a Darlington pair). The arrangement gives up to 10Amps. current pulses and can be used as
extreme ranges with a sensitive receiver.
Battery consumption is only increased by 50% because of the low duty cycle load current pulse: pulse width
may be reduced to less than 15uS, but phototransistor response may be decreased for narrower infra-red
pulses. Usually sufficient power output will be available when a simple NPN output configuration with 1 to 3
LED's connected in series. Parallel connection is only needed at higher currents when adequate current
sharing takes place between LED's of the same type. The current pulse is drawn from 470uF capacitor which
should not have excessive inductance or long connections to the load. In addition if a visible light is needed to
indicate that the transmitter is operating, a red LED may be connected directly to pin 2, the other output pin.
(unused in this application). This is also shown in Fig.12.
17V
1M lOOK 10K
3p9 39p
BC547
SL748
22n
1M 1M
lOOK
3K3 47K
120p l20p
-j f--..----l 1 ul
lK
__ ~ ______ ~ ______ ~ __________-4__-4__ ~----------+-~---OV
Fig. 11. Ultrasonic Receive Amplifier
86
Infr-Red Receiver
The photodetector should have a filter with
adequate cutoff towards the visible light region. SA SA SA SA 820
A Kodak type 87C is suitable and allows a high ECtOO 0\ 10 11
OO~O~~~________~
gain, operational amplifier, active filter stage to
00~1~~~________- ,
give very good sensitivity (Fig.13 shows such a 010
configuration). The circuit should be well
screened from electrical noise. I ndeed the
screen can be extended over the photodetector
lens as an open mesh. The BPW34 photodiode 4701'
gives a good response to weak signals down to a 16V
1OuS pulse width. The SL748 in Fig.13 filters the
detected infra-red signal and amplifies the
pulse, feeding it to a CMOS 2 input and gate.
1K
The first gate is biased in class A and the other 2
form a monostable. Some sensitivity control and
monostable threshold variation are achieved by
3n3
a simple 1M ohm potentiometer. This gives a
very clean pulse at the output which is transistor
buffered and fed to the ML920 PPM receiver.
The ultimate range of the transmitter receiver
was found to be 27 m. More usual ranges may be
dealt with by using only a single output NPN
transistor and transmitter LED, where the range Fig. 12. Infra-Red Transmitter
was found to be about 8 m. The word time used
was 75ms, twice the speed of the ultrasonic link.
The layout and component positions can be
seen in Fig.16 and Fig.17.
/' -SCREEN- - -" 17V

( 180D
I 6K8
I
SL748
I 87c
15p
I FILTER +
(OR SIMILAR)
I
BC547
680p
330K 1M 1M
\
\ / OV
Fig. 13. Infra-Red Receiver for PPM
87
The ML920 Receiver
Very little is needed externally to this device, there being a high degree of integration on the chip. Pull up load
resistors of about 50K ohms are required, however, on all digital outputs except the oscillator monitor. Fig.18
shows this and the other basic requirements. The whole receiver timing is set by a single RC time constant on
pin 8. Final adjustment is achieved by monitoring pin 9 which gives a buffered, divide by 2 of the main
oscillator. The correct setting will be when 20 complete cycles on pin 9 occur for a '0' interval in tne received
PPM signal. Two other time constants may be needed: a'power start up RC on pin 14 which clears and
intialises the chip when its supply is switched on and a second time constant on pin 15 may be needed if the
program step is used. This defines the stepping rate.
The analogue outputs will need a current mirror reference on pin 24 (about 0.35mA) and 5 bit D/A converter
outputs themselves will each need a current sink for the 0 to 1.4mA or so to which they may be set.
For maximum linearity these current sinks should not allow their voltage to exceed 5V or so (3.9K ohms
maximum), but this may be increased to 10V if 10% linearity can be tolerated. The 3 manually controlled local
inputs are shown in Fig.18 as simple switched resistor pull ups. Some debounce may be needed in extreme
cases.
BC547
'Y .
;gk
~
m 100K~ +..:
2k
1K 100K
Y ~
-() \.:-It-
72mm
lOOK
~ BC557 ~.
~ .22~
f.J. ¥OOK;
BC557
•
...
• . '. I
~
.. 62mm
Fig. 14. Ultrasonic Transmitter P.C.B. and Component Layout
1
50mm
I .....11---------- .135mm •
OV~L748 lOOk~ f 10k ~ ~~~~ ~ ~1kg SL748.

TO PPM
INPUT OF - 0 '8y~QY '~~TY"'~q
'Q • y+~~O
ML920
I
,17-L
.. -O-6-n-
39 f lOOk
P 10k
0 1u
£
'g"
BC547,.
~
0.
I ~~* ..
3.9pf
Fig. 15. Ultrasonic Receiver Amplifier P.C.B. and Component Layout
88
Additional Facilities
Up to 20 channels may be set, selected individually and stepped sequentially. If less than 20 channels are
needed then 6,8,10,12 and 16 are readily catered for. 10 channels may be utilised with no modifications,
instead of the latched output E,O,C,B,A, being decoded, the least significant bit, A, is ignored. When stepping,
a double channel step is needed to get to the next used channel. If stepping is not required any number of
channels may, of course, be used. Fig.19 allows fast 'end' around stepping of unused channels in a 16 or 8
channel system. When an unused program number is detected the step input is held low and the step time
constant is switched to 'very fast'. A similar circuit may be used to cater for complete stepping facilities with 12
or 6 channels.
As previously mentioned the analogue outputs are current sources giving 32 steps of current in the range Oto
1.4mA. This may be controlled by the current mirror reference on pin 24. Greatest linearity is obtained if the
current sink resistor on the 0/ A outputs do not exceed 3.9K ohms giving a 0 to 5V control range. However, a 0
to 10V range may be obtained with higher resistor values if some reduction in linearity can be tolerated. The
simplest form of local asjustment of analogue control levels is to make the current sink resistor variable, but if
more sophistication is required then Fig.20 shows how an operational amplifier may be used. This circuit
enables both the range and the OC value of the control voltage at the output of the operational amplifier to be
set and operated by either the remote control or the local control.
If local push-switch control of the analogue functions is desired, then Fig.21 shows how an additional SL490
with few external components may be used. The output of this SL490 is 'teed' into the receiver PPM line at the
base of the buffer transistor. On/Standby, Normalise, Step, Mute and Recall are all now available as local
controls from push-switches which require no debounce via the local control transmitter.
One transmitter can be used to control more than one receiver. Fig.22 shows how a simple slider switch can
change the modulation rate of the PPM to control another 32 command set receiver. As long as the command
rates differ by more than 30%, no cross coupling should be experienced because of the high integrity of the
receiver PPM demodulator timing. Fig.22 also suggests how an MOS transistor 'memory' and 2 push switches
may replace the 2 position switch.
In some cases a fourth analogue control output may be required from the receiver and it can beseen in Fig.23
how this might be achieved with the addition of some logic elements and a 0/A ladder network. 16 channel
selections are available, freeing 4 commands for other uses. Because of commands becoming 'mixed' it is
recommended that the step facility is not used in configurations where additional commands have been
incorporated. This simplifies decoding circuitry greatly.
72mm
62mm
Fig. 16. Infra-red Transmitter p.e.B and Component Layout
89
1
44mm
1
4.~----------------105mm ----------------~~~
OV -TsC547
_
r
}2~.:" ~F~~:lt~~ omv+~
,; g. . n
+
TO PPM
INPUT OF
n 6k8 <h 220k 3n3 g i~ nY ~ 1m
ML920
-17V -L.y-cJ- -=- 3p3 BPW34
680'!); 680 n
Fig. 17. Infra-red Receiver Amplifier P.C.B. and Component Layout
-17V
12v· r.11
4
82n1
--
.--
BC547 ·PLESSEY
100k .L:
8k~
5k6
PPM TBA120U
O:C~ U
IN
10 4 5
VSS
5 ONI
STANDBY M-r:-?E 22 8k2
39k 10~ l'
~
VOL. ~t
ON 14 POWER 7'
ISTANDBY ~ TIC
BRI. .23
-L
41'7
REF. 24
l"s NORMALISE COL. 1 33k ...!.. f2V
NORMALISE
l' 7
STEP
ML920 KILL 2
ON
11
-1
~
5k
--1
Y 10k 111
~
STEP 12
RECALL
15 STEP
PROGRAMM II TIC AFC 13 2k7· 5k6 PLESSEY
II
/1- 47
VDD ~ 6
TBA560
16 17 18 19 20 1k5 13
~
:::: ~C547
8k2
I 116
3m3 3k9 2k2
J .......
lk OV
...!..
-.....
. ALL RESISTORS 56K UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
Fig. 18. PPM Receiver Layout
90
TRANSMITTER CODE FUNCTION TRANSMITTER CODE FUNCTION
£Q..Q~.6 ~QQ!!~
o 0 0 0 0 Program 1 0 0 0 0 0 Program 0
0 0 0 0 Program 2 0 0 0 o 1 Program 1
0 0 0 0 Program 3 0 o 0 0 Program 2
0 0 0 Program 4 0 0 0 Program 3
0 0 0 0 Program 5 0 0 0 0 Program 4
o 0 0 Program 6 0 0 0 Program 5
0 0 Program 8 0 0 Program 7
0 0 0.0 Program 9 0 0 0 0 Program 8
0 0 0 Program 11 0 0 0 Color +
0 0 Program 12 0 0 Volume +
0 0 0 Program 13 0 Brightness +
0 0 Program 14 0 0 0 Standby
0 0 Program 15 0 0 Mute
0 Program 16 0 0 Recall
0 0 0 0 Program 17 0 Normalise
0 0 0 Program 18 0 0 Color -
0 0 0 Program 19 0 Volume -
0 0 Program 20 Brightness -
0 0 0 Color + 0 0 0 Page Select
0 0 Programme Step + 0 0 Program Select
0 0 Volume + 0 0 0 Page Time Select
0 Brightness + 0 0 0 Page Display
0 0 0 Standby 0 0 Picture Display
0 0 Mute 0 0 0 0 Reset Newsflash
0 0 Recall 0 0 0 Inhibit Newsflash
0 Normalise 0 0 0 Reveal Text
0 0 Color - 0 0 Freeze Page
0 Programme Step -
0 Volume -
Brightness -
TABLE 1. BASIC 32 COMMAND SET TABLE 2. MODIFIED TELETEXT COMMAND SET
91
+17V
§i~~AU-~ ~
B .' _ _ B 8 PROGRAM FROM REMOTE
C - - C (LINK 1) CONTROL 6ka
RECEIVE AMPLIFIER
~6 +17V +17V PROGRAM,
10 PPM IN
(LINK 2) BRIGHTr-----I
ML920 33k 'COL VOL NESS
r---.,.-~-----'--l
ON
ISTANDBY
SL490 +9V 6 NORMAL'
STEP
4 CHANNEL
STEP
liP
STEP
TIC I-'-+-,--c=-~
Fig. 19. ML920 for 8 or 16 Programmes with retained Fig. 21. Local Up/Down controls using a directly
steppingfUrn~c~t~io~n__________________________________________~c~o~n~n~e~c~t~ed~S~L~4~9~Q
+
SETGAIN
LOCAL
ML 920 i
~~I~~:~CSS.M-----"=::J--+--Y
BRIGHTNESS ,f-2_3_ _ _ _ -r_--+__...c:=_'-_~+ BRIGHTNESS
DIA REF' 24 560k' CONTROl..
VOLTAGE
3k9
33k
Fig. 20. Example of receiver analogue output interface

with local control
+ 9v
16
PLESSEY
17
SL490
18
2 EXTRA PUSH SWITCHES ONIOFF SWITCH
22. Transmitter modification for 2 receivers
92
A OO_A
B 01 _ _ _ B
C 02 _ _ C 16PROGRAM NUMBERS
ML920 D OUAD 03_D
LATCH CODES
E 4508 EDCBA
SET -V-
00 00 0 } 0 - 15 PROGRAM NOS.
AFC
01 1 1 1
1 00 1 0 STEP BALANCE DOWN
1 0 0 1 1 STEP BALANCE UP
1 0 0 00
P--+-----~CLOCK Oil SPARE
1 000 1
'-------+iUP/lJOWN
4 BIT LADDER
UP/DOWN Oc BALANCE
COUNTER D A
4516
'END STOP' CARRY
OUT
Fig. 23. Application with fourth analogue control plus 16 programmes
A
r---- 16PROGRAM
B OUAD r----
P LESSEY
C LATCH r---- ADDRESS
M L920
D
E
4042 r-
--:-
--
-- ? -~~
CP
-
I
---
- + 16 ADDITIONAL
--
ALL OTHER GATE
Or--
ANALOGUE - ~ 4081
COMMANDS'
----- AND DIGITAL
-- OUTPUTS
UNAFFECTED I
I
I
I
+
OTHER ADDITIONAL
'COMMAND GROUPS
AS NEEDED
Fig. 24. Receiver modification for additional commands
The basic command set of 32 can be extended is in indicating to the user which is the current
ad infinitum. All that is needed are shift up and command set.
shift down keys to produce as many extra An example of a particular application of an
commands as desired. Fig. 24 gives an example external command set is in teletext. Fig. 25
of how 16 channels may be stored and after shows how a television set incorporating
receipt of the code E, D, C, B, A as 1001 *(shift teletext may have its remote control keyboard
up) the channel selection is stored and a quad laid out. The interface logic required to realise
gate is enabled which gives 16 more available all these functions is shown in Fig. 26 and is
commands. In this application, 'other easily realised with CMOS logic. The quad latch
controls remain operative and it is only .the 16 is used to store the programme numberO t09, as
channel selection, that cannot be altered until a BCD digit while teletext selections are being
after 1000 *(shift down) is received. A shift made. The negative true logic outputs, A, B, C,
stepping method may thus be utilised to D, E of the channel selection highway from the
produce as many different sets of 16 command ML920 may be inverted at the output of the quad
groups as are required. The only limiting factor latch by connection to the Q side of the output.
93
The monostable is triggered by the negative
AFC pulse and produces a delayed and well TO TELETEXT
RECEIVER
defined stroke pulse to indicate the availability
of 'good' data on the highway. The package
requirement is as follows:- A 16 6 x SDK
17
Function Number Package Type Quantity

3 input gates 5 4025 2
2 input gates 6 4001 1
4011 1
inverters 3 spare gates in above
packages may be used
quad latch 4042 1
monostable 4528 1
Table 2 shows the full list of commands and how

they are allocated. When reading the table in DISPLAY
'SELECT
conjunction with Fig. 26 it should be
PICTUREITEXT
remembered that negative logic convention is
used at the output, A, B, C, 0, E of the ML920.
Fig. 26. Teletext interface of ML920
+5V OV +5V
10 9
1---hH-"'---'""'-! AO
r--+-'1-"-----t6 A1
f--+'------I A2
8 A3
1--..4.---_-t
CT1115
L-_=----_ _ _ _---'2::..;4.., CHAN NEL

1 MODE IFINE
L----r---:::--------::-i
22
} - - - - - - - j UP
23 DOWN
15
-12V
REMOTE CONTROL CODE

EDCBA
OOOOO} PROGRAM 0-15
01 1 1 1
CHANNEL DOWN
8
Fig. 25.
TELETEXT
REMOTE CONTRO L
Remote 'control keyboard showing how

10000
10001
10010
10011
CHANNEL UP
FINE TUNE DOWN
FINE TUN-E UP
available teletext commands may be incorporated Fig. 27. Remote control interface with sweep mode
frequen?y synthesis tuning
Remote Control of OCT

The remote control can easily be used for programming the Direct Channel Tuning, frequency synthesis
system or in fact any synthesised tuner with a binary selection input. In Fig.27 it can be seen how easily a
sweep mode Plessey OCT can be conditioned to coarse tune by incrementing or decrementing the channel
number (equivalent to 8MHz steps in the UHF Band). In this way the tuning information for up to 16 channels
can be programmed by sweeping to the desired channel. When the programme number is changed, the
channel selected is allocated automatically to the old programme number. The new programme number will
then call up and tune its own channel or be available for a new channel allocation if the sweep is continued.
Fine tuning information may also be remotely controlled in steps of 125kHz and the last fine tuning
information set will be stored for future reference.
94
95
co
m
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR TV
(PREFIERED SOLUTION)
TDA2540
'<
TOA2541
AFC )
GENERATOR.
!ill H SOUND
IF
AMPLIFIER
t1 DETECTOR
H ~"O I~
AMPLIFIER
TBA120U _TBA800_
SL1431 SW173
r- SL1432----- '-SW'53-'
C
r1 I
C f1111
TUNER
r~
IF
PREAMP
t rn-~
~
IF
AMPLIFIER r4 DETECTOR ~ TDA2593
C T1116
C r1117
1 -" t ~H SYNC
SEPARATOR
H FRAME
SYNC
H FRAME
OSC .
L
~
C T1132 SEPARATOR
I
S
LI
C n134
9 1"'--
-~ AGC
GENERATOR
AGC
GENERATOR
H ~H>
PHASE LINE
J I DETECTOR OSC
. BCD TO
VARICAP
I
I
DECODE TDA2560
--SL'7.-
LUMA
TOUCH
SWITCH
REMOTE
CONTROL
RECEIVER
CHROMA]
AMP
I AMP
-ML238B-
.~
i"" DELAY
LINE
I
,,1 INFRA·RED
PREAMP
I
~
.1 .l
1
~
R Jl!!l
I tEl
IDENT& SUBCARRIER COLOUR G-Y
~
ACC OSC DEMOD MATRIX
I
~------::z.---.-4f-J '---TDA2532 ---- mm'
I
REMOTE
CONTROL J'90 PAL
SWITCH
J'
TRANSMITIER
TDA2522
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR TV
:nt.o
'<
, . - - ~~~:~~- TBA440N
TDA2541
AFC
GENERATOR
~ H
SOUND
IF
AMPLIFIER
TBA120S/UIT
DETECTOR ~
"., K
AMPLIFIER
TBAaoo_ .
I
TBA440P
:::T1011 r - - Sl1430----. '-TOA440
TBA950:2X
~ ill 1
:T1111
:::T1112 TDA2590/1 / 3
IF IF
:::T1116 TUNER
PREAMP AMPLIFIER .............. DETECTOR ; - - TBA920S --...
::T1117
:::T1119
:::T1124
1
'- ~:~:~ oJ
t I SYNC
SEPARATOR h H
FRAME
SYNC t-. -; FRAME
OSC
l
~
:::T1125 SEPARATOR
:::T1132
SW170 I
:::T1134 SW171
51952
:;;P4020/1
- ·1 AGC
GENERATOR
SWl72
SWl73
SW180
AGC
GENERATOR
H>
'P4~40"
~.
SW200
PHASE LINE
SW250
.vvzt>u-
I DETECTOR t--I OSC
SW4QO
SW45D
BCD TO SWl17J
VARICAP
I
DECODE
I
TBA560C
TDA2560
M~20
'----Sl470---'
CHROMA LUMA
l~l922
REMOTE AMP AMP
TOUCH
SWITCH CONTROL
RECEIVER ML928
J
,
M 929
DELAY
' - - - Ml23, B _ _ LINE
. Ml232B
51
ML2J6B
Ml237B
ML2388 INFRA·RED TBA540
T 1 Ilib..l
ML239B PREAMP
~ • R
r*-------:z:.---.~
IDENT&
ACC 1---1 SUBCARRIER
OSC
COLOUR
DEMOD
l a all::!:
~
MATRIX
~
~
~
' - - - - TBAS30_
TDA2530
TOA2532
REMOTE PAL
• CONTROL .190
SWITCH
'rRANSMITIER SL491
nOAaoo - - - - J
CD TDA2522 ~
-.J TOA2523
~
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR TV FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS
SP4020/Z1
SP4040/41
CT1011 en010 CT1112 CT1116
r - SL9S2 --., , - - - CT'O'O - - . . , - - - CT,O" ----., CT1132 , . - - cn" 9 _ _
.... 2 MOOULUS
J.... >
LOCAL FIXED VARIABLE TUNING
OSC DIVIDER I-~ DIVIDER t-~ H DIVIDER -1-1 MEMORY
PROGRAM
DISPLAY
1
:0101
I I
I -
ACTIVE
FILTER PHASE DIVIDER TUNING
AND DETECTOR CONTROL CONTROL
BAND SWITCH I I I USER
CONTROLS
' - - - CT"17----' '--cn'2. ----'
CT1125
CT1134
£ ~ Bioi
CRYSTAL FIXED
OSCILLATOR ~ DIVIDER
7. TECHNICAL
DATA
99
100
.~!
CT2010
1 GHz ~ 3801400 PRESCALER
The CT2010 is a 380/400 two modulus divider which

will operate at frequencies between 80 MHz and 1GHz. The
device is the prescaler used in the Plessey Key Frequency
Synthesis Tuning System.
The input is terminated by a nominal 50 ohms and Vcc,~5V[ 1. '-" 8 UHf'VHfINPUi
should be AC coupled to the signal source. The reference MOOULUSCON1ROL [ 2 CT2010 7 NOT CONNECIED
pin should be AC decoupled. The decoupling should be OUTPUT [ 3 6 INPUT REfERENCE
effective over the full operating frequency range.
GROU~m [ 4 5 GROUND
The divider contains a fixed divide by 20 followed by a
divide by 19/20. The divide by 19/20 divides by 20 when no
control pulses are applied to the control input. The divide
by 19/20 will divide by 19 once for every positive going
edge applied to the control pin. The control input edge is DP8
latched and synchronised sothat the following output cycle, Fig.1 Pin connections
commencing with a negative edge, is produced by 380 in·
put cycles to the whole divider stage, rather than 400. This
means that the device is highly tolerant of delay in the con·
trolloop and distortion of the control waveform.
To ensure that there is an output cycle produced by 380
input cycles for every control pulse, the rate of control
pulses should not exceed half the output frequency. (See
timing diagrams.) FEATURES I
The output source impedance is nominally 1000hms.
The output swing is nominally 300mV and swings down • On-chip Wideband Amplifier
from the positive supply.
• High Input Sensitivity
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS • High Input Impedance

• low Output Radiation
Supply voltage, Vce +7V • Single Eel Output
UHF input voltage 2.5V p.p
Storage temperature - 55°C to + 125°C • 5V logic level Control Input
Operating ambient temperature -10°C to +65°C • Control Independent of Distortion and Delay
DIFFERENTIAL { ,
INPUTS 0"----+----'
-+---._
ov 65 _ _ _
Fig.2 CT2010 block diagram
101
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test conditions (unless otherwise stated):
Test circuit: Fig.3
Vee = 5V, Tamb = 25°C
Value
Characteristic Pin Units Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Operating voltage range 1 4.5 5.5 V

Supply current 1 90 110 mA
Input voltage, 80 MHz 8,6 17.5 200 mV rrns, sine wave 50!!
V'N 300MHz 8,6 17.5 200 mV rms, sine wave 50!!
500MHz 8,6 17.5 200 mV rrns, sine wave 50!!
700MHz 8,6 17.5 200 mV rms, sine wave 50!!
1000MHz 8,6 17.5 200 mV rrn5, sine wave 50!!
Output voltage swing 3 240 300 mV p.p, no load
Output impedance 3 100 !!
Control input, high 2 2/3 Vee
2 50 I'A
low 2 1/3Vee
2 -10 ,..A
pul5ewidth 2 0.2 3 ,..5
VHF lOCAL
~OSCILlATOR
FROM CT2012 OR
'" t~~
SIMILAR CONTROL
. 'f----."n"
'"
~
',.
50 '" :bcr,':tc~
~r-n o,e"""o,
'"
"""00"
'----'" 17m "" Inn '~
Fig.3 Test configuration FigA Typical application with combined input
II 400 .~.
~
400
,
.~ ..
~
NUMBER OF
INPUT CYCLES
OUTPUT
380/400
CONTROL
INPUT
NOTE. T MAY BE LESS THAN OR GREATER THAN ,.
Fig.5 Timing diagram
102
CT2012
PLL SYNTHESISER FOR TV
The CT2012 forms the heart of the Plessey Key Fre-

quency Synthesis Tuning System by taking data from the
system control and data highway (the Keybus) when TUNE
or FINE TUNE code is recognised and then using this data
to control the frequency of the local oscillator in a tele- 23 oawNJLI COMPARATOR'
vision tuner with a phase locked loop (PLL). 'KEYBUS'
UP -u- OUTPUT
DATA
HIGHWAY
INPUT
FEATURES "PX QUARTZ CRYSTAl

CLOCK
• High Sensitivity Divider Input 2.5kHzClOCK 6
NOT CONNECTED 7 18 CRYSTAL TRIMMER

• Improved Control of Two-Modulus Divider
• Fully Keybus Controlled
16 MODUlUS CONTROL
• On-chip Frequency Standard and Comparator
• FOljr Band Selection Outputs
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Supply voltage, Voo + 7V
PinVoltage,pins9-13 +14V
Voltage, all other pins + 7V .DP24
Operating temperature range -10°C to +65°C
Storage temperature range -55°C to+125°C Fig.1 Pin connections

Tamb = +25°C, Vcr, = +5V
Test circuit: Fig.3
Value
Min. Typ_ Max_
Operating voltage range 8 4.5 5.5 V

Supply current 8 22 45 mA Outputs unloaded
Keybus inputs, high 1-5 Voo-1 V Leakage 1Of'A max.(Pin50nly)
low 1-5 0.8 V
Intemal pullup resistor 1-4 2 4 6 kn
,;,'N input, peak-peak swing 21 200 mV Sine wave via extemal
capacitor
Internal capacitance 21 10 pF
External frequency standard input, pin 20 not
connected high 18 Voo-1 100f'A max. sinking
V
low 18 0.8 100f'A max. sourcing
V
Quartz crystal standard 18,20 4 MHz 20 pF paralle'l resonance
AV Band and enable inputs 14,15 Voo-1 V Leakage 10f'A max.
14,15 0.8 V
Band and AVoutputs, unselected 9-13 13.2 V Free drain, leakage
1Of'Amax.
selected 9-13 5 V 1mAsinking
,;.N output, high 19 7 V Free drain, leakage
10~max_
low 19 0.4 V 0.3mAsinking
103
f-------1 f------'''"- ~g~~~g~
+N OUTPUT
TO
"RICAe
CONTROL
{-c~=-----o<
"'
INPUTS
ON CT2017 JL..::n:::-------'____r-II---l
DOWN
4MHz
QUARTZ I---+---------~_"_ 2·5kHz CLOCK
CRYSTAL
L-iC=____________rc.. 50kHz CLOCK
- " ' - - - - - _ . VSS
Apart from the CT2012 and the tuner, the PLL needs that noise is not clocked into any circuit, and so should
two other integrated circuits: a .;-3BO/400 PRESCALER (the have no effect, and ideally the highway and Multiplex Clock
CT2010) and the synthesisertuning interface (the CT2017), lines will be stopped in their lower impedance state to reo
which includes a charge pump, an active filter and an duce noise amplitudes.
output stage to drive the varicap line which controls the It is expected that all devices driving the highway will
local oscillator in the tuner. have Open Drain outputs, for which pull-up resistors
In a typical system re·tuning of the television (nominaI4krl) are included in the CT2012.
receiver will come from a control circuit (such as the To safely detect control codes edge sensitive latches
CT2014) following some input from the viewer. This input are clocked on the rising ('0' to '1 ') edges of the Multiplex
will be new channel, fine tuning information or an instruc· Clock and have their inputs driven by gates looking for a
tion to access a word of non-volatile memory. In every case, TUNE code (0001 followed by 1101) or a FINE TUNE (0001
the control circuit will send the required channel and fine followed by 1110).
tuning information to the CT2012.
The FINE TUNE code is used to directly transfer the
FINE TUNE number from the control circuit to the syn· State
thesiser and is separate from TUNE to reduce the high- Time Remarks
way use and the time delay during manual and auto· H3 H2 HI HO
matic adjustment tuning.
The CT2012 contains six main parts: CI 0 0 0 1 Control code
(a) A section to recognise the TUNE code (hexadecimal C2 1 1 0 1
10) or FINE TUNE code (hex. 1E) on the Keybus and
then to latch all of the relevant tuning information. DI
D2 Not used by Synthesiser
(b) A 10 bit programmable divider with an amplifier on its
clock input to allow use of a small swing on the output D3
of the PRESCALER and hence to reduce radiation.
D4 B1 BO 09 OB
(c) A fine tuning system which generates the correct
D5 07 06 05 04 Band (B), Frequency (0)
pulses to control the modulus of the prescaler and so
D6 03 02 01 00 and Fine Frequency (P)
give a small shift in synthesised frequency.
D7 0 0 0 P4 from Key.
(d) A crystal oscillator circuit (for 4MHz crystal) and fixed P,
DB P3 P2 PO
.;-1600 divider to give 2.5kHz comparison frequency
and fine tuning timing. Table 1 Tuning sequence on Keybus
(e) A phase and frequency comparator driven by the pro-
grammable divider and the fixed divider.
(f) Logic for band decoding and for video time-constant State
switching for audio visual (AV) mode logic. Time Remarks
H3 H2 HI HO
The Keybus highway is used to carry both instructions
and data around the Key System. To separate these two CI 0 0 0 1
functions the codes are transmitted when the Multiplex Control code
C2 1 1 1 0
Clock is low and the data when it is high; all zeroes or all
ones are inserted to fill the gaps between adjacent code or D1 Oc2 Oc l OcO Pc4 Correction tuning
data words to avoid spurious instructions. In order to im- D2 Pc3 Pc2 Pc1 PcO
prove the system's immunity to noise on the highway the
Multiplex Clock may be stopped between operations so Table 2 Correction tuning sequence on Keybus
104
High (source current) Low (sink current)
Signal Pin
Voo -O.SV min O.4V max
2.5kHz Clock 6 0.5mA 2.0mA
UP 22
DOWN 23 0.1mA 0.8mA
50kHz Clock 17
Modulus Control 16 0.1 mA 0.3mA

.Table 3 Logic output currents
Pin No. Name Function
8
24
Voo
Vss
;0 V } Power supply
1 HO Four line highway, HO is LSB.

2 H1 Inputs, OV and 5V logic levels nominal.
3 H2 4K±50% pull·up resistors (to V oo ) in KEYBUS
4 H3 device.
5 MULTIPLEX CLOCK Highway timing input, OV and 5V nominal logic levels.
6 2.5 kHz CLOCK 2.5kHz output from crystal via reference divider. May
be used to give Multiplex Clock.
17 50kHz CLOCK 50kHz output from crystal via reference divider. Use Outputs
when selting crystal trimmer. with
OVt05V
UP lcomparator outputs to
22 Increase frequency when lo~ charge pump in Tuning nominal
23 DOWN Decrease frequency when high Interface IC swing.
16 MODULUS CONTROL Controls PRESCALER division ratio by pulsing high

up to 38 times each comparison cycle.
20 QUARTZ CRYSTAL One crystal pin and the fixed capacitor.
18 QUARTZCRYSTAL TRIMMER Second crystal pin and trimmer capacitor.
21 7N INPUT Low level input clock to Programmable Divider. Shou Id
be AC coupled.
12 BAND1 Band output selected by code 00
Open drain
outputs for
external
pull·up
13 AV OUTPUT Time constant switch, pulls low only if AV band
to +12V.
selected and AV enable is high
14 AV BAND Input from band switch to allow AV mode to be
selected.
15 AV ENABLE Selects shorter time constants for locking television
receiver to video tape recorder or equivalent. Will be
driven by diode decoder from Programme Number
lines. High for AV mode, only operative when AV
band is selected.
19 7N OUTPUT Output of programmable divider provided for test
purposes only.
105
TUNING RANGE
Combining the Fine Offset range, 0 to 19 steps of integer multiples of 50 kHz and so may be received
50kHz with the Programmable Divider range, 80 to 1023 EXACTLY (apart from any slight crystal or IF error).
steps of 1MHz, allows tuning of the local oscillator for all The correction tuning system gives a range of -3.95 to
television broadcast channels in bands I, III, IV, V, to within + 4.00 MHz in 50kHz steps around the nominal frequency.
25kHz. In practice almost all television channels are
CT2017
2'5kH: CLOCK o--~--a
.12V
BAND
,- [ j - - - - - - - t - - AV ENABLE
SELECT
OUTPUTS 4
OOk
Flg.3 CT2012 test and application circuit
REFERENCE
ClOCK -t~L I
______ .--.JI (L -
I
PROGRAMMABLE
DIVIDER
~ I I
______ ~ I
UP -U---------+i-:-------
, I ,
DOWN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11'-_____
Fig.4 Phase comparator timing
MULTIPLEX CLOCK
MuHlplex Clock:
Inslruclian or dala lime (I, or 10 ) 1"sminimum
Rising or falling edge lime (IER or I EF ) 200ns maximum
Dala or Inslructlon 10 clock sel·up lime (los or I,s) 400ns minimum
Clock 10 dala or Inslructlon hold lime (IOH or I'H) 100ns minimum
Operating frequency range of Multiplex Clock DC-500kHz
+ N'N frequency 2.BMHz maximum
100kHz minimum
Flg.5 Dynamic characteristics
106
, , ,r---.,
......J ____ ' - - - , _ . __
.
MULTIPLEX CLOCK TUNE TUNE DATA DATA DATA OATA DATA
KEYBUSCONTENT--·COOE--·COOE------- 01 - - - 02 - - - "03·--- 04"---" 05 - - -
Cl C2
0001 1101
t t t t L __
INFORMATION LATCHED
~
PRESCALER OUTPUT (';'N IN ) JlJ1JUUl
40XREFERENCE
FRECUENCY
JU"--uL ____ JUULrL ___ nJ1n
REFERENCE FREQUENCY ------.r-------~ _____ ~
fiNE TUNING CORRECTlQN fiNE" TUNING
Fig.6 Simplified timing diagrams
107
108
• PLESSEY
Semiconductors
CT2017
SYNTHESISER TUNING INTERFACE
The CT2017 is designed for use in Frequency Synthesis

Tuning Systems, in particular the Plessey Key System.
The device contains a charge pump with a high
VCCII+12V1 [ ,.
'-J
,,]'UTOUP
17 ]
I CONTROL OUTPUTS
AUTO DOViN CORRECTION TUNING
impedance voltage follower, a signal detect circuit, a SIGNAL DETECTOR ENABLE INPUT [ 2
digital AFC circuit and a power on low detect circuit. COINCIDENCE FIlTER [ 3 16 PAfe omCTOR INPUT
FEATURES LINE Fl YBACI( INPUT [ 4 CT2017 150 POWEAlOW

-VE VIDEO INPUT [ 5 14 ~ POWER LOW DETECTOR DElAY CAPACITOR
• Low Varicap Driver
VCCS(+5VI [6 13P DV
• Active Filter Charge Pump
12P VCC12(+33V)
I
VARICAP CONTROL VOLTAGE OUTPUT [ 1
• Logic Level Control
• Signal Quality Detector
CHARGE PUMP FILTER [ 8 n pUP v VARiCAP CoNTAOl
INPUTS FROM CT2!l12
CURRENT REFERENCE [ 9 10 PDOWN!1- OR SIMILAR CIRCUIT
• AFC Input Option
• Auto Up, Auto Down Logic Level Tuning
Correction DP18
• Power Low Detector Fig.1 Pin connections
RESET OUTPUT
1-----<;" ....-/'---
~~;~ 0'--..---------1
L-_ _ _ _ _---<i'
.. DELAY CAPACITOR
r-------------------,
I t12V
I
I
AFC DETECTOR 16
INPUT
'"'0 ue
1---;---0 AUTO DOWN
17
I CORRECTION TUNING
CONTROL OUTPUTS
l--c=::r----a DETEC~~U~NABLE
2
1-_ _ _ _ _ _ _-03 COI~~~NCE

-YE VIDEO 5
INPUT
r -_ _ _ _ _ _-r_ _ _ _ _ _ _~'2;~~
VARICAP
CONTROL
INPUTS
I UP Lr
r-1
OOWN...I L.
n
10
.
CHARGE PUMP
"ILTER
109
The charge pump is operated by two 5V logic inputs UP is used and the noise figure of the signal processing cir-
(active low) and DOWN (active high). These inputs turn on a cuits.
charge current and discharge current respectively. The A digital AFC circuit, which comprises AFC level
charge pump circuit and its voltage follower operate from detector and correction tuning control, examines the AFC
the +33V supply rail. The combined charge pump, external signal ('S' curve) produced by conventional television AFC
filter and voltage follower may be used as the fi Iter and vari- circuits. The circuit produces an AUTO UP Logic '1' output
cap driver for synthesis tuning systems. when the AFC voltage is greater than the upper AFC thres·
The signal detect circuit is used in tuning systems cap· hold, and an AUTO DOWN Logic '1' output when the AFC
able of automatically sweeping the received broadcast voltage falls below the lower AFC threshold. Both outputs
bands. The circuit examines the line synchronisation pulse are Logic '0' when the AFC voltage is between the upper
and line flyback pulse for coincidence. When a regular sup· and lower thresholds.
ply of adequate coincident line synchronisation pulses
occurs, the filter voltage falls. This indicates a received sig· CORRECTION TUNING
nal of a sufficient strength to produce a viewable picture.
When the signal detect filter voltage is higher than the The AUTO UP and AUTO DOWN outputs may be used
signal detectors threshold the AUTO UP and AUTO DOWN to adjust the correction tuning number of a synthesis tun·
outputs are clamped at Logic '0'. When the filter detect volt· ing system and hence produce a digitally quantised AFG.
age is below the level detector's threshold the AUTO UP The power low detector circuit compares the +5V
and AUTO DOWN outputs are enabled. The enabling of supply and the +12V supply against internal reference
AUTO UP and AUTO DOWN may be used to indicate that a levels. When either supply falls below its relevant reference
signal of adequate strength has been received and the level the delay capacitor is discharged and the power low
sweep may be stopped. detector reset output is set to logic '1'. When the supplies
Using appropriate external components, pin 5 may be exceed their relevant reference levels, the delay capacitor
used as a sync pulse separator, when fed with negative is charged to the threshold level, which turns on a
video or a positive line sync pulse input. transistor and the output is set to logic '0' after a delay.
The signal strength recognised as good depends on the The resulting output pulse may be used for setting the
signal to noise ratio at the input to pin 5. This will depend logic of the tuning synthesiser and for protecting the
on the type of sync separation used, whether noise gating memory from corruption during power on and power off.
SIGNAL
DeTeCT ENABLE TO CORRECTION TUNING
r--A---.
AUTO AUTO
UP DOWN
LlNEp~t1~A~5Vo-_-+-C::-l--l
-VE VIDEwn-
(3Vpp)
~33n1--''-C=::J--11
VARICAP LINE ----±---t-O

2:2k
NOTE.R' DEFINES I CHARGE/DISCHARGE
Fig.3 Test and application circuit
110

Tamb = +25°C, VCC1 = + 12V, Vcc• = +5V, VCC12 = +33V
Test circuit: Fig.3
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Operating voltage range

VCC1 (+12V) 1 10.8 13.2 V
Vcc.(+5V) 6 4.5 5.5 V
Vcc ,,(+33V) 12 31 36 V
Supply current
VCC1 (+12V) 1 8 12 mA
Vcc.(+5V) 6 12 20 mA V5= 0 V, V10 = 0 V, V11 = 5 V
VCC12 (+33V) 12 3.3 4.5 5.5 mA 19=2mA, V,0 =OV, V,,=+5V
Varlcap control
Output range available 7 0.9 29.5 V 19= 2mA (R92.2kQ) Vcc 12 = 33.0V
Q!!.!put leakage current 7 40 nA V" = +5V, V10 = OV
UP control input active 11 1 V
UP control input inactive 11 3 V
UP control input current 11 50 I'A V" = +5V
DOWN control input active 10 3 V
DOWN control input inactive 10 1 V
DOWN control input current 10 50 I'A V 1O =+5V
AFC control
Detector high threshold 16 7.0 7.5 8.0 V
Detector low threshold 16 4.1 4.5 4.9 V
Detector window 16 2.8 3.0 3.2 V
Input current 16 2.5 I'A V,.=+12V
Correction tuning outputs (AUTO UP, AUTO DOWN)
Voltage high 17,18 4.5 V V17 high = DOWN. V ,S high = UP
Current source = 5Ol'A
Voltage low 17,18 0.5 V Both low = inactive, current sink
=2mA
Line flyback threshold
High 4 2 V
Low 4 0.7 V
Negative video Input
Threshold 5 0.7 V
Sync pulse switching current 5 12 I'A
Leakage current 5 0.3 I'A V5=-5V
Coincidence detector
Enable 2 4.5 V
Inhibit 2 2 V
Threshold 3 2.4 V
Power on detector
Output voltage 15 4.5 V Current source = 50l'A
Normal 0.5 V Current sink = 2mA
Detector threshold
VCC1 (+12V) 1 9.2 9.9 10.6 V See Figs.4 and 5
Vcc• (+5V) 6 3.7 4 4.3 V See Figs.4 and 5
Delay capacitor charging current 14 10 I'A
Delay threshold 14 9 V
111
. , ; : : : , . ' " _""'n - ---
+511 :
I
+5V SUPPLY
THRESHOLD - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
fA n ,," ,,~ --
----- -----------
,
+5V SUPPLY
-A!
I I
I Oil I
R'SET
OUTPUT
I '\,5V
I I I I
I4--T2........... r4--T2~
,-) (b)
Notes
1. T 2 period timed by delay capacitor
2. Output is connected to +5V supply via a pull·up
resistor
3. T2 is set by value of capacitor, charging current and
output threshold voltage. Charging current is
normally 10~A. Threshold voltage is normally 9V.
Fig.4 Power low-detector timing diagram (Power on)
,-) ,b)
Fig.S Power low detector timing diagram (Po~';er off)
+12V supply (Vcc ,) +20V

+ 5 V supply (VCC6) +20V
+33V supply (VCC '2) +40V
Operating temperature range -10o e to +65°e
Storage temperature range - 55°e to + 125°e
112
CT2200
5-BIT BINARY TO 13-SEGMENT DECODER/DRIVER
The CT2200 is an N·channel MOS integrated circuit,

designed to directly drive two 7·segment LEDs to display
the numbers 1 to 32, with leading zeros suppressed. The
circuit is ideal for applications such as the programme A +5V Ta ov Tb Te Td DV Te Tg
number display of a television receiver. The display is can· 12 11

2 .'
trolled by a 5·bit binary input port, weighted so that the
number shown (1·32) is one more than the binary input (0· CT2200
31) to avoid programme O. The 5 lines can come from are·
mote control receiver or from any other source -of can·
g M 15 ffi 17 m m W 21 22 23 M
tinuous 5·bit data.
Common anode LEDs can be driven directly with a
BLANKING
current limiting resistor in series with each output (see
Fig.5) or by using some other form of brightness control
(see Fig.5). By driving each segment individually the inter· DP24
ference problems associated with multiplexed displays are
avoided. Fig.1 Pin connections
A blanking input is provided so that the display can be
turned off or can be made to flash with an external pulsed
signal.
Only 13 lines are needed for two 7·segment displays
FEATURES
because segment Tf is never lit for the numbers 1 to 32 and
so does not need to be decoded and driven. Segment
identification is shown in Fig.2. • Direct Segment Drive - Non-Multiplexed
The 13 outputs of the output encoder drive the gates of • 5VSupply
large output transistors to give two states: OFF and SINK
• Blanking Input
CURRENT; as there can be up to 12 outputs on at once,
each sinking 20mA, four OV pins are provided to reliably • Leading Zero Suppressed
carry this current. ALL FOUR PINS (3, 7, 18, 22) MUST BE • Minimum Segment Pattern per Character
CONNECTED TO OV.
The number of segments required for each character is • 20 mA Drive per Segment
shown in Fig.3. • 5-Bit Binary Input
If 1'r. 1.j ju, u,U' Ubj '-'-:JLII-h "11111

F~/fu~/
__1'_ _U_'_
IL_I I LI I L l '_'_I
Fig.2 Segment identification Fig.3 Character representation
,
" DISPLAY
A(2") 10
L BLANKING
ALL
CONNECTED
TOOV
8 G 5 4 2 1 2423 21 20 19 17 16
E(2') 14 'bcdlglbcd,fg
'---v----''-----v----"
T U
TENS 6 SEGMENTS UNITS 1 SEGMENTS
FigA Block diagram
113
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (see Fig.5)

Tamb ~ +25°C, VDD~ +5V
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Operating voltage range 9 4,5 5 5,5 V

Supply current 9 5 mA
Input voltage high 10·14 4 V
low 10-14 O,S V
Leakage current 10-14 10 )'A V'N~+5V
Capacitance 10-14 10 pF
Output voltage 1,2,
4-6,S,
16,17, 1 V Sinking 20mA
19-21
23,24
Recommended series resistor (if used) 120 Sl
T+ SV
!/ !/
ABC
'l !/ !/
0 E
!,
BLANKING
[,,=~J1'0 9rr~f7~j5~1, 3~P~,~,ttE~~-ir_=_~~i J[J ~[

+5'
r-
"on"
CT2200 (
I-I 1-7
~ 14 ~ ffi 17 W ~ ro 21 22 ~ 24
/ / / /
I
T J( ["on" J[
fJ JI ) 1k"
I
F;g.5 Test circuit and application using load resistors (see a/so F;g,6)
+5'
Be337
~-"
!l. .. CONTROL
~l
... 0'
12 11 10 9 •
,X llx~,s--
7 6 5 4 :3 2. 1
I I
CT2200 (
'---------
1-7 I /r----
13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24
/ / L I~
BLANKING
1[ '1'
irrT'
F;g.6 M;n;mum component application
114
Supply voltage, VDD +7V

Input or output voltage +7V
Output current 30mA
Ambient operating temperature -10°Cto+65°C
Storage temperature - 55°C to + 125°C
115
116
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUITS
ML231B
MaS TOUCH TUNER
The ML231B is a six·channel sense circuit designed An additional output is provided which goes high with
specifically for touch tuning in colour and monochrome no channel selected and may be used externally to select
television receivers. Using low threshold P·MOS technology, channel 3 so as to prevent the existence of a null state.
the circuit can be driven directly from two·terminal touch
plates - replacing conventional mechanical push-buttons
for channel selection. Neons may be used to indicate the -..r-
selected channel, while the latched output of the ML231B 's, [ 1
"J '00
drives the varicap tuner via a bias selection network. [ , 0"' ISJ
"J
r, [
[
3
'"
0"' 13J 'Ne""
.
SENSE

OUTPUlS
[ , "J }
INDICATOR OUTPUTS
'A"1:APl [ OH'
11 J
.
OH'
Ambient operating temperature -looe to +65°e [ 1
OH'
IDJ
Storage temperature _IOoe to +85°e 'ss [ ,J RESET OUTPUT
Supply, Vss-Voo 36V
Varicap voltage Vsv w.r.t. Vss +O.3V OPI6,OGI6
Fig. 1 Pin connections

FEATURES
• Six-channel Capabilitv • Uses 33V Varicap Supply

• Direct Neon or LED Drive • Low Current Drain
• Low Impedance Drive to Varicap • Reset O/P Prevents Null State
Fig. 2 Functional diagram

(positive logic)
117
ML231B
Test conditions (unless otherwise statedl:

Tamb = +25°C, Voo = 0, Vss = Vsv = 30V to 36V
Value
Characteristic Units Condition
Min. Typ. Max.
Input current 1 J1.A Yin = OV

Supply current 2 4 5.5 rnA
RO N of varicap switch 50 100 n lout = 10mA
RON indicator switch 125 250 n lout = 4mA
Sense input threshold O.4Vss 0.5V ss 0.6Vss V
Reset O/P voltage high Vss-l0 V lout = 0.5mA
2tD\, AC
'OOk
::
f--'
1
,-----I..I----"""T-vrs~s.v....s..,v_..;_"T"-TO VARICAP
D.
CONTROL
=8>l-+-H++-+-~::
7~~Jt~~+-t-,
:gIT--t--H-i-+t+-l::
--QH+-1-+H--H" 3~----C~~
-2tts-t-+~:+o~H-+--l1S 2~-----C=r--+
lOOk
NEONS·
VITAUTY " 02
TYPE 3L
IO.
VDD __ ~~k~~-+ ___________ ~ __
Fig. 3 Typical application circuit
Reset output = CHl . CH2' CH4' CH5· CH6

= 1 +2+3+4+5+6+3
118
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUrTS
ML232B
MOS TOUCH TUNER
The ML2328 is a six-channel sense circuit designed A stepping facility is included whereby the application
specifically for touch tuning in colour and monochrome of a suitable negative-going pulse to the step input pin, will
television receivers_ Using low threshold P-MOS technology, cause the selected channel output to advance by one_
the circuit can be driven directly from two-terminal touch
plates - replacing conventional mechanical push-buttons
for channel selection_ Neons may be used to indicate the ~
selected channel, while the latched output of the ML2328 Vsy[ 1 16 P""oo
r
drives the varicap tuner via a bias selection network_
[ l
c",
'" "pP
,"P]
.
VARICAP [, 13 SENSE INPUTS
OUTPUTS [s
C",
P12 INDICATOR OUTPUTS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS CH'
[ H'
liP
Ambient operating temperature -1 oOe to +65°e •[ 7
CHilOP
Storage temperature -10o e to +85°e ""ss [ 8 9 P STEP INPUT
Supply, Vss-Voo 36V

Varicap voltage Vsv w.r.t. Vss +O.3V OP16 OG16
Fig.' Pin connection$

FEATURES
• Six-channel Capability • Uses 33V Varicap Supply

• Direct Neon orLED Drive • Low Current Drain
• Low Impedance Drive to Varicap • Remote Control Stepping Facility
SENSE INPUT
INDICATOR OUTPUT
i- ~- --T-t~--T-f--1-f--'-f-- -r-fO--1-----l
I I I
I I I
VS5 I I
I, II: !
I I I STEP
: I CLOCk INPUT
I LATCH '2 1 GEN ~9 U
YS)I :I ~
I 'JDc
I I ~
l ,---L~--L+--L+--Lt.--i+--L---J
VAR1CAP
OUTPUT
Fig. 2 Functional diagram
119
ML232B

Tamb = +25°C. Voo = O. Vss = Vsv = 30V to 36V
Value
Characteristic Units Condition
Min. Typ. Max.
Input current 1 /J.A Yin = OV

Supply current 2 4 5.5 rnA
RON of varicap switch 50 100 n . lout = lOrnA
RON of indicator switch 125 250 n lout = 4mA
Sense input threshold O.4V ss 0.5V ss 0.6Vss V
Step pulse level 0 Vss-29 V
Step pulse width 0.1 1 rns iTamb = DoC to +65°C
2l.OY AC I~~~ lS
03
~o.
lOOk
TOUCH
PlATES :r.. Vss. Vsv
TO VARICAP
CONTROL
., 1
6-8'"
9
• '"
,
~
ID
II
~
Il
,
"
~
]
"
IS 2
NEONS " , "'"
NEONS
VITALITY " 02
TYPE 3L
'00
""
.
)J ".
Fig. 3 Typical application circuit
120
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUITS
ML2368
6-CHANNEl CASCADABlE TOUCH CONTROL INTERFACE
The ML236B is a six-channel sense circuit designed

specifically for touch tuning in colour and monochrome CLEAR INPUT
, ...r--;7
v"
television receivers_ Using low threshold P-MOS technology,
r"
V" 2 2l St:RIALIN
the circuit can be driven directly from two-terminal touch ,
plates - replacing conventional mechanical push-buttons "
'-"I
OUTPUT CH 2 INPUTCH 2
for channel selection_ Neons or LEOs may be used to OUTPUT CH 3
" INPUT CH 3
SENSE
INPUTS
indicate the selected channel, while the latched output of
VARICAP
OUTPUTS
OUTPUT CH 4
" INPUT CH 4
INDICATOR
OUTPUTS
the ML236B drives the varicap tuner via a bias selection OUTPUT CH 5
" INPUT!:H 5
network_ OUTPUT CH 6
" INPUT CH 6
A stepping facility is included whereby the application "
of a suitable negative-going pulse ca'uses the selected
MUTE SWITCH 1
• NO CONNECTION
Vss P
channel to advance by one_ " 1
"P
MUTE SENSE INPUT
MUTE SWITCH 2
" STEP INPUT
FEATURES
RESET OUTPUT
" " SERIAL OUTPUT
DP24
•••
6-Channel Capability - Cascadable Fig. t Pin connections
Direct Neon or LED Drive

Low Impedance Drive to Varicap
•• Uses 33V Varicap Supply

Remote Control Facility
Ambient operating temperature
Storage temperature
_10°C to +6SoC
_10°C to +BSoC
• A Negative Pulse on Clear Resets

All Channels
Vss -Voo supply
Varicap voltage Vsv Vss +O.3V
36V
CHANNEL SENSE INPUTS

r.lUTE
INOICAJOR OUTPUTS
SE,",SE
I"!PUT i~l CH3 ~6
,----
I
--r-" ----------~-t-,-t-rt-rt-r--t---i-----
I I I 1 JvW;l
t~
I
Vss l0t----H-t-'H====::;-r- I
I
I
I
RE:OET
OUTPUT
.. utE
SWITCH 2
SERIAL
OUTPUT
Sl~~::rt
\ls v 2 <>--------'-----.--:--+-+---+---+---+----4--
I
I CLEAR
I IIIIPUT
I
IL _______ l.
I __ _
, ________ L+_L~-L~-L+-L-+-- -42, Voo
_"': __ ...1
'"'
VARICAP OUTPUTS
Fig. 2 ML236'B functional block diagram

121
ML236B
Test Conditions (unless otherwise stated!:

Value
Characteristic Units Conditions
Min, Typ. Max.
Input current 1 ~A VIN = 0
RON of varicap switch 60 125 Q lOUT = 8mA
RON of indicator switch 125 250 Q lOUT = 4mA
Vth sense lIP threshold 0.4 0.5 0.6 Vss
Clear, step pulse level 0 Vss-10 V
Ts step pulse width 0.2 1 ms
Clear pulse width 0.2 ms
RON of mute switch 100 200 Q lOUT = 5mA
Serial and reset alP Vss-1 V '1 '
Vss-11 V '0'
Serial and reset lIP Vss-1.5 V '1 '
Vss-10 V '0'
NOTES
Stepping selection:
STEP
INPUT
Vss--, r--
voo----L......J
..... 15 _
e
u } (CONNECTION WHEN
NOT CASCADING I
: ) [CONNECTIONS 10'
~ ~~JE~C~~~C~~~~SGI
~ " "
03 1I1~~E:t
10"
lOOk
~~~~s~:::::
10 VARI CAP
CONTROl
,--
~
"
---{ "
"" 01
6·eN r---o MUTE
" 10
• f--<>
SWITCH
"
W
~o
"
to
"
2D
•,
,
S
,
~ ~
,
~NS
NEONS:
YlTAlITy'
TYPE II
-
'00
r
"
2l
~
2
tOOk
02
MUTE SENSE Vss.Vsv

"~T
Fig. 3 Typical applications using neons as channel indicators
122
ML236B
APPLICATION NOTES
Application using LEOs as channel indicators
In applications where the use of mains is not desired

channel selection can be made by using the +30V Vss
supply as a compromise but at the expense of reduced
input sensitivity. In this case LEDs can be used as
channel indicators.
Sensitivity may be improved at lower voltage by using a
tapped LED current limiting resistor to derive a higher
input voltage. (Fig. 5)
"''''''''''''"T+
!
~
:~~;, IJJJJ II
,. II
,., ; t t
r-
.~ L,~ ::
"",...,~
" --
Iff "
,'fJ~,t..
~"
~
,
~'" 'M
Fig.4 t2-channs/ application using LEOs as indicators
TOUCH
PLATES
INPUT
ION
Fig. 5 Improved sensitivity for 33V operation
123
124
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
ML237B
6-CHANNEL TOUCH CONTROL INTERFACE
The ML237B is a six-channel sense circuit designed

specifically for touch tuning in colour and monochrome
television receivers. Using low threshold P-MOS technology,
plates - replacing conventional mechanical push·buttons
for channel selection. Neons can be used to
INPUTCH 1
, " Voo
OUTPUT CH 1
indicate the selected channel, while the latched output of SE,lj3E
INPUTS
INPUT CH Z
" OUTPUT CH 2
INPUT CH 3 J
the ML237Bdrives the varicap tuner via a bias selection NEON , " OUTPUT CH J VARICAP
network.
OUTPUTS INPUT CH 4
INPUT CH 5 5
" OUTPUT CH 4
OUTPUTS
A stepping facility is included whereby the application

INPUT CH 6 6 1)~ OUTPUT CH 5
of a suitable negative-going pulse to the step input causes ,
STEP INPUT 12~ OUTPUT CH 6
the selected channel output to advance by one.
MUTE TIMING
CONTROL
B 11~ MUTE OUTPUT
FEATURES V" 10~ Vsv
•• 6-Channel Capability
Di rect Neon Drive DP18
•• Low I mpedance Drive to Varicap

Uses 33V Varicap Supply
Fig. 1 Pin connections.
•• Remote Control Stepping Facility

Sound Muting During Selection
•• Selected Channell on Power-up

Channels Are Selected With a Negative (or
Earth) Input
Storage temperature
-10°C to +65°C
_10°C to +85°C
Supply, Vss-Voo 36V
Varidlp voltage Vsv Vss+O.3V
SENSE INPUTS. NEON OUTPUTS

MUlE
TIMING
CONTROL
r-+----
I
c_ --rf---r+----~+- -Tt'----,-t'---T-----,
I I I
I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
18 1 I
Voo I
I
I
STE'P
INPUT
L.r '55
I '00
10: I I I I
IISV I I r.. -,
L+ __ L
:
CHI
,
ii--
I
-Li;s- -
I
--t,,---:-t;;----tii---1-io-- 1--- - J
CH6 /oIUTE
~~
I ~~
VARICAP OUTPUTS
Fig. 2 Functional block diagram
125
ML237B
Test Conditions (unless otherwise stated):

Tamb = +25'C, Voo = 0, Vss = Vsv = 30V to 36V
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
I nput current 1 /.I A VIN = Vss
Output leakage 1 /.IA VOUT = 0
Mute switch O/Pleakage 10 /.I A V OUT = 0
Supply current 5 8 rnA
Ro N of varicap switch 50 100 n lOUT = 10mA
Step pulse width 0.2 ms >.05Tm
Neon switch output current 2 mA
Mute switch Ro N 100 200 n lOUT = 5mA
Input threshold 0.4 0.5 0.6 Vss
Step input current 10 1000 /.IA VIN =0
Mute period 400 rns CM = 0.68 /.IF
NOTES
The mute timing can be increased by using a higher value of capacitor (eM)
MUTE
V55 ____--1_ I. I--
Touch plate selection: WlPU! VDD _ _ _ _ -'~ Tm :::: Cm x 0.6ms/nF
If the channels are selecting by stepping then the mute output is extended by the clock pulse width TS
SrEf>
INPUT
Stepping selection:
"""
OUTPUT
'V
'WV
L7k
~~ 02
'~~
ntJ TOUCH
I,:ATES
," YARICAP
CONTROL
., 1 0'
~
II
.
17
,
, .
YRI: BVeBO' BVCEO > ISOY
=S
~s
5
•
"
"
,10k '/a) ,- 7
" '00'
tj Voo
TO"
Ii:
11
TO
Vss, Vsv
1~~~1J
Jl
MUTE OUTPUT.
Fig. 3 Typical applications using neons as channel indicators
126
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
ML2388
8-CHANNEL TOUCH CONTROL INTERFACE
The ML23BB is an eight channel sense circuit designed

specifically for touch tuning in colour and monochrome
"0 CONNECTION ( 1
television receivers. Using low threshold P·MOS technology,
INPur CH I , "23P 'DO
OUTPUT CH I
plates - replacing conventional mechanical push·buttons INPUT CH 2 3 22~ OuTPUT CH 2
for channel selection. Neons or LEOs may be used to INPUT CH l , 21b OUTPuT Crl 3
indicate the selected channel, while the latched output of

SENSE
INPuTS
INPur CH ~ 5 20b OUTPUT CH ~ VARICAP
OuTPUTS
the ML23BB drives the varicap tuner via a bias selection
INDICATOR
OUTPUTS
INPUT
'" 5 • 19b OUTPUT CH 5
network.
A stepping facility is included whereby the application
of a suitable negative-going pulse to the step input causes
INPuT
INPUT
INPuT
CH 6
'" 7
CK 8
.
7
3
lap
,P
\P
OUTPUT CH 6
OUTPUT CH 7
OuTPUT CI-I a
the selected channel to advance by one. STEP INPUT '0 ,P MUTE OUTPUT
MUTE TIMING
CONTROL
" HP CLEAR INPuT
I
FEATURES IlP Vsv

'55
" DP24
•• 8-Channel Capability
Direct Neon Drive Fig 1 Pin connections
•• Direct Neon or LED Drive

Low I mpedance Drive to Varicap
•• Uses 33V Varicap Supply

Remote Control Stepping Facility
•• Sound Muting During Selection

Selects Channell on Power-up
Storage temperature
Supply, VSS-VOD
_10°C to +6SoC
-10°C to +BSoC
36V
• A Negative Pulse on Clear Resets to Channell Varicap voltage Vsv Vss +O.3V
SENSE INPUTS. INDICATOR OUTPUTS
CH 8 ~U~6N~~~~G
rt---"T- ~---Tt!---rt~---rt~---dz.---;-t~---d~- -d~---T

I I I I I I
- I I
----, I CLEAR INPUT
: I I I I I I I I ~ --, r OIC
I I I : 1 I I I I I
I I I r I I I t I I L...J Voo
"S5 12 I I I J I I I I
I I I I I III 1I
I I I I STEP INPuT
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I I
-. r '.'ss
VSV 13' I I 1 I I I I I U '.'00

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
!u
--r-Voo
l_Ll __ L ____ l...L __ LL __ .LL __ l...L __ ll
'V 22 T21 l20 l19 l'8
J 1
-l17-- -li6-- -fs-- -----
1~ J J
C H I ' CKB MUTE
, V ~~
'.'ARICAP OUTPUts
Fig. 2 Functional block diagram
127
ML238B

Value
Min Typ Max
Output leakage 1 ~A VOU! = 0

Supply current 6 g mA
Input current 1 ~A V;o = OV
RON of varicap switch 50 100 n lOUT ~ 10mA
RON of indicator switch 180 300 (1 lOUT = 10mA
liP threshold 0.4 0.5 0.6 Vss
Ts step pulse width 0.2 ms >.05 Tm
Clear pulse level 0 Vss-29 V
Clear pulse width 0.2 ms
RON of mute switch 100 200 n lOUT ~. 5mA
Tm mute timing 400 ms em = 0.68~F
Step liP current 10 1000 ~A V;o = 0
Mute OIP leakage 10 ~A VOUT = 0
NOTES:
The mute timing can be increased by using a higher value of capacitor (em) (See Fig. 4).
'ss - - - - - , - ,
iT"r . Tm"'C m x O.6ms/nF
Touch plate selection: ,",UTE
OUTPUT '00 _ _ _ _ --'1 L--
If the channels are selecting by stepping then the mute output is extended by the clock pulse width Ts.
STEP
INPUT
Stepping selection:
,",UTE
OUTPUT
The clear lIP should be left open circuit when not in use.
,
2 0'0' AC
lOOk 0"" ....QQ..~

~ ~ ~ ,J >I ,J ,J ,J ~e~f~s
VARICA P
CONTR OL
6-8'"
0'
-,
"
I:$
2
3
"
22
,
5
"
20
6
"
7
, "
"
-Qs r---
9
m
" lOOk
"
t"r"
"t--. 02
m"
"~
vSS,vsv
'DO
STEP PULSE CLEAR lIP ",UTE OIP

1J 1J n
Fig. 3 Typical applications using neons as channel indications.

128
ML238B
APPLICATION NOTES
Application using LEOs as channel indicators
In applications where the use of mains is not desired
channel selection can be made by using the +30V Vss
supply as a compromise but at the expense of reduced
input sensitivity. In this case LEDs can be used as
channel indicators.
The 1.2k 0 and 8200 resistors limit the LED current to
10mA, whilst the diode ensures less than 1 ~A leakage
when the LED is reverse biased. It is desirable to have a
1 MO resistor between the touch plates and the input
as a safeguard against static.
On selection of a channel, the potential divider chain
comprising the 1 MO resistor, the finger resistance and
the 10MO resistor sets the threshold voltage on the
input pin. When the channel isselected the Ie provides a
current source to the LED.
j'.'SS
" ~-
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ie~i~s
". ICAP
CON TROL
'" 0'
-, "
" LEDS
2 13
~
3 22
,
"~
S
"
20
" ,
"
" 7
, "
" , "
" " 100~
r-- " "

Iff'r"
"f-- 02
e.
1'2~
". "~
"55, "S'I
820
'DO
STEP INPUT CLEAR liP ,",UTE O/P
Fig. 4 Low voltage, improved sensitivity using LED indicators
129
130
• PLESSEY
Semiconductors
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
ML2398
8 - CHANNEL TOUCH CONTROL INTERFACE
The ML239B is an eight channel sense circuit

designed specifically for touch tuning in colour and
monochrome television receivers. Using low threshold NO CONNECTION , 24 'OD
P-MOS technology, the circuit can be driven directly INPUT Ctl 1 [ 2 2l OUTPUT CH I
from two-terminal touch plates - replacing conven-
INPUT CH 2 22 OUTPUT CH 2
tional mechanical push-buttons for channel selection. ]
Neons can be used to indicate the selected channel, , 21 OUTPUT CH 3
while the latched output of the ML239B drives the SENSE

INPUTS
INPUT CH': , 20 OUTPUT Ctl , VARICAP
varicap tuner via a bias selection network. NEON INPUT Ctl 5 [ , CMJTPUT CH 5
OUTPUTS
"
.,
A stepping facility is included whereby the applica- OUTPUTS
tion of a suitable negative-going pulse to the step INPUT CH 6 [ , OUTPUT CH 6
input causes the selected channel output to advance INPUT CH 7 [

"
,p OUTPUT CH 7
by one. INPUT CH 8 ,p OUTPUT CH 8
STEP INPUT 10 ,p
FEATURES MUTE TIMING
CONTROL 11
"p CLEAR INPUT
.. 8-Channel Capability 'ss [" 17P 'sv
.. Direct Neon Drive DP24

.. Low Impedance Drive to Varicap Fig. 1 Pin connections
.. Uses 33V Varicap Supply
.. Remote Control Stepping Facility
.. Sound Muting During Selection
.. Selects Channel 1 on Power-up
.. A Negative Pulse on Clear Resets to
Channel 1 Ambient operating temperature -1 DoC to +65°C
Storage temperature -10°C to +85°C
.. Channels are Selected with a Negative VSS-VDD supply 36V
(or Earth) Input Varicap voltage Vsv Vss+O.3V
SENSE INPUTS, NEON CUTPUTS
I \
CH 1 CH 8 MUTE TIMING
r~-- T '--Tf---r¥--,+--r t~--,-t~---i!._-~~~R:-T ---l

I I I I I I I I CLEAR INPUT
:
I
I
I
:
I
I
I
I
I
:
I I
: -f-
I
---,
L-.J
r O /C
Vee
'00 "I I I I I I I I
I t ~II 110
I I .STEP INPUT
-, rVSS
I :
U Voo
,,,_'''1]Ir-----nr---!;------+------+--- : I I
I I I I ' II -¢1L- "'ss
U _--1-?21--1-1
I I
iO - - Lti9- _l_!18-_L~- _L!i6 - -tiS -
I I
-.J .J. - - _.J
I
;~H'____________________~V~__________________~:J~8 MUTE
OUTPUT
VARICAP OUTPUTS
Fig. 2 Functional Block Diagram

131
ML239B
Value
Min Typ Max
Step, clear pulse level 0 Vss-29 V

Input current 1 ~A VIN = Vss
Output leakage 1 ~A VOUT = 0
Mute switch OIP leakage 10 ~A VOUT = 0
RON of varicap switch 50 1000 n lOUT = 10mA
Clear step pulse width 0.2 ms >.05Tm
Neon switch output
current 2 mA
RON of mute switch 100 200 n lOUT = 5mA
Input threshold 0.4 0.5 0.6 Vss
Step input current 10 1 mA VIN = 0
Mute period 400 ms CM = 0.68~F
NOTES:
The mute timing can be increased by using a higher value of capacitor (em)
i'"r
Touch plate selection: NIl"
OUTPur
Vss - - - - - , - ,
voo----I L-- Tm",C m X O.6ms/nF
If the channels are selecting by stepping then the mute output is extended by the clock pulse width Ts.
STEP
INPUT
Stepping selection:
IOU"
OUTPUT
The clear I /P should be left open circuit when not in use.
+""150'" Voo
,,, '"
02
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;e~i~s
~'I- VARICAf'
CONTROL
m
'"
-, 24
2 21
I
'"
,
S
"
20
,
, "
"
~
TR1: evCBO. evCEO "" 150'0' • "
1070k TR/I)
• "
-10 IS
~"'~ IO"
Iff"r" "r-
Voo
VS5. 'isv
"1
STEP PULSE CLEAR IfP '"'UTE DIP
1.[ 1J Il
Fig. 3 Typical applications using neons as channel indications
132
ML920
Plessey Semiconductors have developed and pro-
duced a range of monolithic integrated circuits which COLOUR QtA O/ARHERENCE
give a wide variety of remote control facilities. As well COLOUR KILL
I
" BRIGKTNESS a,A
as ultrasonic or infra red transmission, cable. radio or
VD,IOVI
2
" MUTE
telephone links may also be utilised. Pulse position 1 22
modulation (PPM) is used with or without carrier and V,,( !6VI , 21 VOLUMED/A
automatic error detection is also incorporated. Although ON/STANDBY INPUT 5 20 E

initially designed with TV remote control in mind the NQRMAUSEINPLJT , ML92019 0 BINARY
devices may equally easily be applied for use in radios,
tuners. tape and record decks, lamps and lighting, toys STEP INPUT C PROGRAMME
7
"
and models, industrial control and monitoring.
The ML920 demodulates the PPM signal received
OSC. TIME CONSTANT
•, " B SELECTION
osc. MONITOR A
from the SL490 transmitter. After error checking the
PPMINPUI 10
"
15 STEP TIME CONSTANT
received code may condition a 20 programme memory
or one of three Dj A converters. Oil POWER CLEAR TIME CONSTANT
RECALL
II
12
"
IJ AFC
DP24
QUICK REFERENCE DATA Fig, 1 Pin connections
FEATURES
• Power supply: 16V 14mA
II Demodulation: Pulse position with time • Accepts 5 Bit PPM
window checking by on-chip oscillator • All Timing From On-Chip Oscillator
• Decoder: 5 bit with successive codeword • Incorporates Error Prot€ction
comparison • Easily Used With Ultrasonic or Infra-
II Programme: Latched 5 bit binary. red System
20 programmes • Up to 20 Programmes With Latched Binary
• Analogue controls: 3 static current mirror Output
converters, 32 step with normalise level • 3 D/A Outputs With Normalise Level At
• Other outputs: On, Recall Display, AFC, ~ of Max.
Mute, Colour Kill. Oscillator Monitor • Automatic Power-On Reset and Normalise
• Local inputs: On/Standby. Step, • Many Other Facilities, AFC, Mute, Colour
Normalise Kill. Recall etc.
PPI1,NPUT
PO .... fR (LEAR 14
TIME CONST
NORMALISE
STEP
PROGRAMME
STEPTIHE 15
(ONST ~~-,-_.,...,_--,
DIA
REFERENCE
Fig. 2 ML920 remote control receiver block diagram

133
ML920
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (see Fig. 3)

Vss= OV
VDD= -16V
Tamb = 25°C
Value
Characteristics Pin Units Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage 3 14 18 V
Input logic level high 5,6,7, -1 0 V
low VDD VDD +3.5 V
Output logic level high 2, 11 -1 3, 16-20, 22 -1 0 V 50k to VOD
low VDD VDD+0.5 V 50k to VDD
Analogue output
31 3.9k to VDD
current range 1,21,23 0 IREF
(pins 1, 21, 23) 8
Analogue step size 1,21,23 0 1 1
IREF Vou, < VDD +5V
DI A reference, I REF 24 -250 -345
8
"
-455 ~A 33k to Voo
C = 22ri, R=100kSeenote1
Oscillator timing 9 1.5k Hz
Power clear time 14 400 ms C = 4.7(.1 R=100k
constant
Step time constant 15 1 s C = 470n R = 3.3M
Monitor output 'high' 9 -1 0 V Internal load
'Iow' Voo Voo +0.5 V provided
PPM input logic level high -1 0 V
PPM input logic level low 10 Voo -6 V
PPM input pulse width 1 T~_1_
22Tosc liS
fosc
t 16~
1""
"
=~i," 2
. "·r
7'~ lOOk
PLESSEY
~p", INPUT ,,<
I" , BC~
TBA 120u
ose Ie
~~I
'S<
;
110N~
ONISIANOBY{
""'
ST.l.NOBY
t1un21 ..r I S'H 10~ I'
VOL 21
f--" POWER TIC l-
~1"I BRill
NO~I'I"'LIS£
Hl920
~~~~
NORMAliSE]
..
Kill? t +I/V
'-
1.
I
ON!1
1 SHP
SHP
RECAll']
" 11' " 11'
..
PROG~AI1ME n
WI' 15 STEP lie
Af(
\loo~
, , 0 .n
'" PlESSEY
" " " " " ", IDA 2560
- ~::::
'"
BI"I
-
'" ." l·ek .,.ifi 1
AU RESISTORS 56, UNLESS OTHERIOISE $T.lHD
Fig. 3 PPM receiver application
PIN FUNCTIONS
Negative Logic: 0 is OV (Vss), 1 is -17V (Voo)
2. Colour kill
1,21,23. Colour, Volume, Brightness This output gives a logic 0 when the COLOUR D/A
These three outputs are from three 5 bit current output is zero.
mirror D/A converters. They are referenced to the 3. Voo
current drawn from pin 24, I"" and give 32 steps, -17V power supply
"etl8 per step, from 0 to 31/8 I,e'. The outputs will be 4. Vss
set to 12/81", by the NORMALISE input, the normalise OV power supply
code from the transmitter, or when the ON output goes 5. On/Standby input
to a 1. A 1 on this pin will toggle pin 11 (ON O/P), generate
134
ML920
RECALL and AFC, normalise VOLUME, BRIGHTNESS on·screen display. A static output is generated by the
and CO LO U R, reset M UTE and set channel code manual controls ON/STANDBY and NORMALISE.
00000. A pulse is generated by any channel change if the
6. Normalise input circuit switches to ON at the time, and by RECALL and
A 1 will normalise the VOLUME, BRIGHTNESS and NORMALISE commands from the transmitter.
COLOUR outputs. A RECALL signal is generated and 13. AFC O/P
MUTE is reset. Open drain output. Logic 1 can inhibit the tuner AFC.
7. Channel step A static output is generated bymanual ON/STAN D BY
The channel code will step up by 1 as long as this control. A pulse is generated by any channel number
pin is held at logic 1. The time period between steps change.
is defined by an RC constant attached to pin 15. 14, Power clear
On reaching 20 the next step returns to 1. On output is A capacitor and resistor connected here define the
set to ON, and AFC is generated. If the TV goes from time delay for the power clear circuit, which normalises
Standby to ON, RECALL is generated and VOLUME, all D-A outputs etc.
BRIGHTNESS and COLOUR are normalised. If 15. Channel step time constant
VOLUME is not 0, MUTE is reset. An R-C time constant defines the time period
a, Oscillator time constant between increments of the channel number when
An RC time constant is formed for the clock timing stepping.
by connecting external components, one resistor and 16 -20. Channel outputs
one capacitor, to this pin. Adjusted so that period of 5 Outputs encode 20 channel numbers in binary
output on pin 9 is 1/20 of 0 interval of incoming PPM. code
9. Oscillator monitor EDCBA
This output is a division of two of the oscillator, and Channel 1 is 00000
and is available for testing and setting purpose. Channel 20 is 1 0011
10. PPM I/P E is first and A is last in the PPM pulse train.
The output of the front end amplifier is connected Channell is set when ON goes to a 1
here such that the signal i.s in the form of positive pulses 21. Volume.
separated by time periods whose length define the See Pin 1
data. With no signal, PPM input is at a logic 1. 22. Mute O/P
11. On O/P This will change state (toggle) on reception of a
Open drain output. Logic 1 denotes TV set ON: mute command and VOLUME OIP is zero MUTE OIP
Logic 0 TV set standby. Set to 1 when channel number is held at O.
changes. Set to 0 by power clear or by transmitter 23. Brightness
selected Standby. Toggle to opposite state by manual See Pin 1
ON/STANDBY control. 24. D/A Reference
12. Recall O/P A current drain lref, set by a single external resistor
Open drain output. A 1 may be used to trigger an will set the nominal step of the D/A outputs to Iretl8.
Transmitter code Function

(Vss= OV),
EDCBA
Supply Voltage VDD +0.3V to -25V
000.00 Programme 1 Voltage at any input +0.3V to -25V
00001 Programme 2 Operating voltage range, VDD -14Vto -18V
00010 Programme 3 Maximum power dissipation 600mW
00011 Programme 4 Operating temperature range -10'C to +65'C
00100 Programme 5 Storage temperature range -55'C to +125'C
00 10 1 Programme 6
a a 110 Programme 7
a a 111 Programme 8
01000 Programme 9
0100 1 Programme 10
01010 Programme 11
01011 Programme 12
01100 Programme 13
a 110 1 Programme 14
01110 Programme 15
01111 Programme 16
10000 Programme 17
10001 Programme 18
10010 Programme 19
10011 Programme 20
10100 Colour +
10101 Programme Step +
1 01 1 0 Volume +
1 01 1 1 Brightness +
11000 Standby
11001 Mute
1 1 a1 a Recall
11011 Normalise
11100 Colour -
11101 Programme Step -
1 1 11 0 Volume -
11111 Brightness -
Table 1 Basic 32 command set
135
136
ML922

duced a range of monolithic integrated circuits which
give a wide variety of remote control facilities. As well --..
as ultrasonic or infra red transmission. cable. radio or D/A REFERENCE L1 18 BRIGHTNESS D/A
telephone links may also be utilised. Pulse position COLOUR D/A 2 17 MUTE
modulation (PPM) is used with or without carrier and VOIO (OY) 1 16 VOLUME D/A
automatic error detection is also incorporated. Although
.
V"I+16V) 4 ML922 IS 0
initially designed with TV remote control in mind the STEP INPUT 5 14 C
devices may equally easily be applied for use in radios.
tuners. tape and record decks. lamps and lighting. toys osc. TIME CONSTANT 6
"
and models. industrial control and monitoring. PPMIHPUT 7 " A
The ML922 demodulates the PPM signal received ON • 1\ STEP T1MECDNSIANi
from the SL490 transmitter. After error checking the Aie ......_ _ _"... POWER ClEAf! TIME CONSTANT
received code may condition a 10 programme memory
or one ofthree D/A converters.
The receiver timing may be set by adjusting the DP18
oscillator time constant to give 40 periods at pin 6 equal
to a 0 interval on the received PPM input. Fig. 1 Pin connections
FEATURES QUICK REFERENCE DATA
• Accepts 5 Bit PPM • Power supply: 16V 14mA

• All Timing From On-Chip Oscillator • Demodulation: Pulse position with time
• Incorporates Error Protection window checking by on-chip oscillator
• Easily Used With Ultrasonic or Infra- • Decoder: 5 bit with successive codeword
red System comparison
• Up to 10 Programmes With Latched • Programme: Latched 4 bit binary.
Binary Output 10 programmes
• 3 D/A Outputs With Normalise Level At • Other outputs: On. AFC. Mute
i of Max. • Local inputs: Programme step
• Automatic Power-On Reset and Normalise
• Many Other Facilities. AFC. Mute. Etc.
Transmitter code Function
EDCBA
OOOOX Programme 1
0001X Programme 2
0010X Programme 3
0011X Programme 4
0100X Programme 5
0101X Programme 6
0110X Programme 7
0111 X Programme 8
1000X Programme 9
1001X Programme 10
10100 Analogue 1 +
fOIo'(ActUR
''''[ (O~SI
10
1 01 01 Programme Step +
."
lOC;I[
1 011 0 Analogue 2 +
SliP
PRO~R""'''[
~
1 0111 Analogue 3 +
\'g"~i"[ "'''~--l.-"T"T_...J 11000 Standby
11 001 Mute (Analogue 2)
1101 1 Normalise
,.
R[HAIIIC[
11100 Analogue 1-
111 01 Programme Step -
111 1 0 Analogue 2 -
11111 Analogue 3 -
Fig. 2 ML922 remote control receiver block diagram Table 1 Basic 21 command set for ML922
137
ML922
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (see Fig. 3)
Vss = OV
Voo = -16V
Tamb = 25°C
Value
Characteristic Pin Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions
Supply current 3 8 14 rnA
Input logic level high 5 -1 0 V
low Voo Voo + 3.5 V
Output logic level high 8, 9, 12-15, 17 -1 0 V 50k to Voo
low Voo Voo+ 0.5 V 50k to Voo
Analogue output 31
current range 2,16,18 0 8 Iref 3.9k to Voo
Analogue step size 2, 16, 18 0 i l.
4 Iref You, < Voo +5V
D / A reference, I REF 1 -250 -345 -455 ~A 33k to Voo
Oscillator timing 6 3 kHz C = 22n, R = lOOk See note 1
Power clear time 10 400 ms C = 4.7(.1 R = 100k
constant
Step time constant 11 2 s C= 470n R = 3.3M
PPM input logic level high 7 -1 0 V
PPM input logic level low 7 Voo -6 V
PPM input pulse width 7 1 22Tosc (.Is
1
Note 1. Rose. (pin 6) is 25k - 200kQ. lose.::::; O.15C R
/------ --- --,

(SCREEN 68. \ 18. +11V
I Ii;"I i"'
I '~ 1M ~t-- r~ I_
*i\'01 RIOOk
H~
~';','I~'~r- "--"" 'I SC547
KODAK
Fln~R V
5L748 .I'll
T rv-
15p ,...tm
lOR SIMILARl 6'8 P
'p=1 A r-' o POWER

TIt
BOk 1M
HOp
1M
! ov
ISk 4'71: VOL 16
8'1k 10;Y-
/ 1.
~
ML922
SRI 18
-' ON!
STANDBY
5 STEP REF~
SAT 12 ------O;J.
SAT VOl BRI
" 1 mt1--r-
hhh" toY
Ytr-D STEP TiC VOO 3
1-
U 14 SL490
470n ABC
12 13 14 15
+--+-+----1--"1"
J9k
TDA 2560
16
P-
, lSI! I.
H
-;1o~ "
J
~Ok 'f: 41
'
f.k
1 ALL RESISTORS 56k UNLESS OTHfRWISE STATED
Fig. 3 PPM infra-red receiver application with local up/down controls using a directly connected SL490

(Vss= OV).
Supply Voltage Voo +0.3V to -25V
Voltage at any input +0.3V to -25V
Maximum power dissipation 600mW
Storage temperature range -55'C to +125'C
138
ML923
The ML923 is an MOS/LSI monolithic integrated circuit

for use as a receiver of remote control signals for television
control. It accepts 24 of the 32 codes transmitted by the PPM osc. [ 1 '--' ,. STEPJNPUT
SL490 transmitter circuit in the Pulse Position Modulation PPM INPUT [ 2 17P ON INPUT
(PPM) method of coding.
DN,'SB OUTPUT [ 3 Isb Vss
RECAll [4
" VOO
:)-
ML923
FEATURES AFC DEFEAT [ 5
"
STANOBY INPUT [ 6
• 1 6 Channel Selection Codes " C OUTPUTS
STEP TIME CONSTANT [ 7
• Single Analogue Output
MUTE OUTPUT [ 8
"n 0
• Mute Output (Toggle)
• On-set Controls-Channel Step, ON, Reset
AtlAlOGUEAEF, [9 '0 ANALOGUE OUTPUT
• Normalise to i of Max Output on Analogue Output

DP18
• Outputs Provide Control of ON/STANDBY,
Analogue Mute, and AFC Defeat Fig.1 Pin connections
• Choice of Power-Up Function:

a) Power Up to Standby State, Switch to ON
State by Local or Remote Command and
STANDBY by Remote Command.
b) Power Up to ON State, Switch OFF with
Solenoid Operated Mains Switch by Local or
Remote Command.
osc
SHIFT
REGISTER
COMPARATOR
0.
ON liP '••
7_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6
STAND8YIIPO------------i
~-~~~~========~-------~--6
1--------,----------0
RECALL
AFCDEFEAT
STEP liP" 0------,------1

L,.--,,-_j------t-==-------.o ON/SBOfP
STEP Tie &------1
'----_ _-69 ANALOGUE REF
12 11
C 0
Fig.2 ML923 block diagram
139
ML923

T amb =+25°C, Vss=OV, VDD=-16V
Value
Characteristics Pin Units Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Input logic level high 6,17,18 -1 0 V
Input log ic level low V DD V DD + 3.5 V
Output logic level high 3,4,11,14 -1.5 OV V
50k to V DD
Output logic level low 8 V DD V DD + 0.5 V
Analogue output current range 10 0
, " • 1 Ref 3.9k to V DD
1 Ref Vou ,< V DD + 5V
Analogue step size 10 0
-250 -345
• {
-455 mA 33kll to V DD
D/A reference, I ref 9
PPM 15 150k Hz TypicalTC
Oscillator frequency 1 3k Hz C=22nFR=100kll
On input or standby input time constant for power on 60r 17 250 500 ms
Step time constant 7 1 s C = 470nF R = 3.3 Mil
PPM input logic level high ('1 ') 2 -1 0 V
PPM input logic level low ('0') 2 VDD -6 V
PPM input pulse width 2 1 22 To," ~s
T=_1_
fosc
f ~_1_ _
Note 1 Ro," (pin 5) is 47kn - 200kn osc-O.15CR
OPERATING NOTES
The receiver operates on a timescale fixed by an internal pulse is generated by any channel number change.
oscillator and its external timing components. The oscil· 6. Standby Input A logic '0' will select standby state and
later may be adjusted to any value behveen 15 Hz and normalise the analogue output to 318 ma.ximum and select
150kHz (allowing different receivers to respond to different programme 1. An RC time constant may be connected to
transmission rates within the same operating area). select standby at power ON.
A counter is reset whenever a pulse is received and 7. Channel Step Time Constant An RC time constant
allowed to count at half the oscillator frequency. For defines the time period between increments of the channel
example, taking an oscillator frequency of 1.56 kHz:- number when stepping.
Resetting is blocked for the first 14ms and windows 8. MUTE Output This will change state (toggle) on receptin
from 14ms to 22ms and from 22ms to 40ms determine of a Mute command or will remain at logic '1' if the D·A
whether a '1' or a '0' is present. Periods between pulses of output is zero. The output is reset by any channel change
40ms to 80ms are recognised as word intervals. Checks command.
are made to ensure 6 pulses, or 5 bits, are received for a 9. Analogue Reference A current drain attached to this
word to be valid, and only after two consecutive and ident· input will define the current step of the D·A output. The
ical words is the receiver allowed to respond to the in· current is equal to 8 output current steps.
coming code. Channel step time period is derived from an 10. Analogue Output The output of a current mirror D·A
external time constant. convertor provides a current source of between 0 mA and
1.3 mA. It is variable in 32 steps, UP or DOWN. It is
normalised to 3/8 maximum value by the ON/S8 input, and
PIN FUNCTIONS by normalise command from the transmitter.
Positive Logic: Logic '1' = Vss , OV Logic '0' = VDD , -16V 11,12,13,14. Channel Selection Outputs These outputs
1. Oscillator Time Constant An RC Time Constant at this encode the 16 channels in binary code.
pin defines the internal clock frequency. The clock A 8 C D
frequency may be varied from 15Hz to 150kHz.
Channel 1 0 0 0 0
2. PPM Input The output of the Front End Amplifier is con·
Channel 16 1 1 1 1
nected to the pin; the signal must consist of a normal logic
Set to channel 1 on set switch ON.
'0' level with pulses to logic '1', corresponding to the PPM
pulse from the transmitter. 15. VDD -14Vto-18Vpowersupply
3. ON/S8 Output Open drain output. Logic '0' denotes on· 16. Vss OV (Ground)
set. Logic '1' standby set. Set to '0' when channel number 17. ON liP A logic '0' will switch the ON/S8 output to ON
changes, and by ON input at logic '0', set to '1' by standby (logic '0'). Channel 1 is selected and analogue output is
input or by transmitter selected OFF. normalised to 3/8 maximum. An RC time constant may be
4. Recall OIP Open drain output. A '0' may be used to connected to select set ON at power on. The AFC defeat
trigger an on·screen display. A '0' is output during an input signal is generated and Mute is reset.
at pin 17, ON input. The pulse to logic '0' is generated by 18. Step Input The channel code will step up by 1 as long
any channel change if circuit switches to ON from Standby, as the pin is held at logic '0'. The time period between steps
and by recall and normalise commands from the remote is defined by an RC constant on pin 10. When the channel
transmitter. code reaches 16 it will go to 1 next step. A step input will
5. AFC OIP Open drain output. A logic '0' can inhibit tuner set ON/S8 output to ON and normalise the analogue oL't·
AFC. A static output is generated by manual ON control. A put. Mute is reset if analogue = O.
140
3:
r-
ID
I\)
Co)
+33V
Note:
1. An output is available to give sound mute during pro- VARICAPCONTROL
AFe DEfEAT
gramme switching. With the inclusion of an extra switch on
the transmitter and a transistor in the receiver, remote con- r--r-r
trol of mute is possible.
2. To incorporate accurate fine tuning the addition of a
[
H'---I
single transistor provides AFC defeat as long as any local
programme switch is kept depressed.
p-------c.=1,
ML238
-<---J,
'-,
'-<--"
'~
~
." 3~k
<Q.
w ~ ~
)J
'"" +t6V
'~." I
~
2 ,\'
""W
SHU I 100'0 =f.,,~ JtD~" 0.11'
g:
'"
[
ML.23 tt
TBA 120 fl
-c-
STEP
PRoo
:-::r
ON RECALL
~
ML923
CODE FUNCTION
E D C B A
0 0 0 0 0 Channell
0 0 0 0 1 Channel 2
0 0 0 1 0 Channel 3
0 0 0 1 1 Channel 4
0 0 1 0 0 Channel 5
0 0 1 0 1 Channel 6
0 0 1 1 0 Channel?
0 0 1 1 1 ChannelS
0 1 0 0 0 Channel 9
0 1 0 0 1 Channel 10
0 1 0 1 0 Channel 11
0 1 0 1 1 Channel 12
0 1 1 0 0 Channel 13
0 1 1 0 1 Channel 14
0 1 1 1 0 Channel 15
0 1 1 1 1 Channel 16
1 0 1 0 1 Channel Step +
1 0 1 0 0 Analogue +
1 1 0 1 0 Recall
1 1 0 0 1 Mute (Toggle)
1 1 0 1 1 Normalise
1 1 0 0 0 OFF
1 1 1 0 1 Channel Step-
1 1 1 0 0 Analogue-
Table 1 Command set
142
ML924
The ML924 Is an MOS/LSllntegrated circuit for use as a

receiver of remote control signals generated by the SL490
transmitter circuit, using PPM (pulse Position Modulation) OSClUA TOR TC [ 1 '-' lap vss
encoding technique. The receiver has 5 digital outputs PPMINM[ 2 17 POUTPUT ENABLE
whose response to PPM codes may be programmed by six
control lines. It has a handshake Interface which provides
r
communication with microprocessors and computers. Cl [ 4 lSPB
CONTROL C2 [ 5
ML924 'P')
14PC ~~
FEATURES
INPUTS C3 [ 6 13P 0
&4 [ 7 12PE
• 5 Open drain outputs with enable C5 [ 8 11 PPOWER ON CLEAR
• Handshake or interrupt microprocessor and 'JOD [ 9 lOP OATAREADY

computer interface signals
• On-Chip oscillator
• 6 control lines to programme output response Flg.1 Pin connections (lop view)
• 3 selectable output modes
nMINO TIME
I~=~ o---------lL_P_PM_DTEM_O_D_r------L_G;..E;..NERA:,-T_O_R.....J CONSTANT
6-BITSHIFT
REGISTER
CONTROL
INPUTS jC.o.!---)
c·o!--
C· o!---
c' o!---
c·ol--
coo!---
POWERON
CLEAR 11'0------------.L-------lr~~:::->~
17
OUTPUT DATA
ENABLE READY
, OUTPUTS
Flg.2 ML924 block diagram
143
ML924

VSS = OV; VDD= -16V;Tamb =+25°C
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Input logic level high ('1') 3·8,17 -1 0 V
Input logic level low ('0') VDD VDD+3.5 V
Output logic level high ('1') 10,12·16 -1 OV
50ktoVDD
Output logic level low ('0') VDD VDD+0.5 V
Oscillator frequency 1 15 3k 150k Hz Typical TC: C= 22nF, R= 100kU
PPM input logic level high ('1') 2 -1 OV
PPM input logic level low ('0') VDD -6V
1
PPM input pulse width 2 1 22Tosc s T=-
fosc
Power clear time constant 11 1 400 ms
NOTE
• 1
Rose (Pin 1)is56k!lto 150kQ. fosc ~ O.15CR
::;:47. ,) ov
~'"
-:-
[ , .}- :~'"
• 3
f---i ' = "~
~7
SUB.
2
,
02'* --{,
2 lS6k 11
• r-.. "
--{A 15
. . Ml924 DATA
1
-{. 14
2.2"
=~20' , OUTPUTS
" " --{ 13
82,
.--{ 7
"
J . "r--
)[][ [
--{
l)'" 100k
-1 --{ lO}- =
;;; ~.7' [
ALL56
.eo
~ ...
DATAflEADY
Fig.3 Application for receiving 32 codes from SL490 transmitter. Latched outputs.
PIN FUNCTIONS 9. Voo -12V to -18V Power Supply.

10. Data Ready Open drain output. An output of logic '1'
Positive Logic: Logic '1' = Vss, OV Logic '0' = VOD , 16V
indicates the reception of a valid PPM word. It will remain at
1. Oscillator TC An RC time constant at this pin defines logic '1' for the duration of transmission.
the internal clock frequency. The clock frequency may be
11. Power Clear A capacitor and resistor connected to
varied from 15 Hz to 150 kHz.
this pin define the time delay for the Power Clear Circuil.
2. PPM Input The output of the Front End Amplifier is con·
12·16. Outputs E·A Open drain outputs which respond to
nected to this pin; the signal must consist of a normal logic
the PPM input as defined in Table 1.
'O'level with pulses to logic '1'.
3·8. Control Word Co 10 Cs Six control bits form the
17. Output Enable A logic '1' will enable outputs A to E. A
logic '0' will turn all outputs off.
control word which programs the response of the five out·
puts (see Table 1). 18. Vss OV (Ground).
144
ML924
OPERATING NOTES live and identical words is the receiver allowed to respond
to the incoming code.
The receiver operates on a time scale fixed by an inter· By means of the six control lines, the outputs can res·
nal oscillator and its external liming components. The pond to the PPM input data in three ways:
oscillator may be adjusted to any value between 15Hz and 1. 5 bit binary output with combinations of latched or
150kHz (allowing different receivers to respond to different momentary responses as shown in table 1.
transmission rates within the same area).
A counter is reset whenever a pulse is received and 2. 4 independant outputs with combinations of latched or
allowed to count at half the oscillator frequency. For momentary output as shown in table 1. Any output on 1 or 4
example, at an oscillator frequency of 1.5kHz, resetting is receivers can be addressed by each PPM word.
blocked for the first 14ms and windows from 22ms to 3. The PPM word can be an address or data depending on
40 ms determine whether a '1' or a '0' is present. Periods the logic state of bit e. If PPM bit e is '0', the remaining four
between pulses of 40ms to 80ms are recognised as word bits (a, b, c and d) select one of 16 receivers. If bit e is '1',
intervals. Checks are made to ensure 6 pulses of 5 bits, are bits a to d control the outputs A to D. Outputs can be all
received for a word to be valid, and only after two consecu· latched or all momentary.
Control Word Control Output Response Interpretation of PPM Words

CS C4 C3 C2 C1 CO Mode E 0 C B A e L dl c Lb I a eldlclbla
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 LA LA LA LA LA EIDlclBIA
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 LA LA LA LA M
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 LA LA LA M M PPM decoded
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 LA LA M M M on all outputs
immediately
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 LA M M M M
1 1
l
1 1 1 M M M M M
l
0 1
0 0 1 0 Z Z 2 - SIR SIR SIR SIR olvlvlzlz 11vlvlzlz
--..- --..-
Z Z - SIR
~ ~ ,~"'"
0 1 0 0 2 SIR SIR M Output Receiver
0 1 0 1 Z Z 2 - SIR SIR M M address address 0" .,"' address
address
0 1 1 0 Z Z 2 - SIR M M M
{ Resets an SIR Sets an SIR type
type output 1momentary
output or pulses a
output
1 0 Z Z Z Z 3 - LA LA LA LA oLzlzLzJz -!.-/o/cIB/A
1 1 Z Z Z Z 3 - M M M M
~
Address Receiver Data PPM data sent

mode address mode to outputs of
addressed
receiver
Table 1
NOTES:
1. Control Mode 1: Direct Response to the PPM Code
2. Control Mode 2: ZZ is a 2 bit address for the receiver
YY selects one of 4 outputs
VY OUTPUT
00 A
01 B
10 c
11 D
3. Control Mode 3: ZZZZ is a4 bit address that selects, by which of 16PPM codes a receiver will be selected,
If PPM bit e = '1', the rest of that PPM word will be read as data. If PPM bit e = '0' the rest olthat PPM word will be
read as an address.
VDD supply and all inputs wrt VSS +0.3V to -25V

Storage temperatures - 55°C to + 125°C
Operating temperature ambient -10°C to +65°C
145
ML924
l'
[ , ~
~ I [ , ~
~ I
[
[
] v" [
[
P, V.
[
Ml924 Ml924
ROCKWELL ROCKWELL
R6520PIA PPS4I1
OR
MOTOROLA
MC&820
[
P PDATA
~
DATA
- PM _1>17
[[ - P", V.
d [ - P. V..
I J"
l
J"
NOTE, USE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE B OR PERIPHERAL Ifa PORT B ONLY
r-
P, 1-
V..
[ , ~
~ I
V"
P10lP20
RA, [
ML924
.,
PJC1650
ML924
INTEL
MC&48
FAMILY
V" V. DATA
READY
L--_-'
-RA' r-- P11128
) l[[ - ..'_"_.....:.V.I-._ ) [[,' ~ '171'27 V••
I I
Flg.4 Inter/ace to commonly used microprocessors
146
ML925
REMOTE CONTROL RECEIVER FOR TOYS
The ML925 is an MOS/LSI integrated circuit for use as a

decoder of PPM remote control commands transmitted by '-"
-VOD [ , lap HORN
the SL490 or SL491 circuit. It is designed to control either a
toy vehicle with two-speed drive motor and a three position PPM TIC [ 2
latching steering system, or a vehicle with momentary ac- PPM I,'? [ 3
"P+f
16P _ MOTOR 3
tion steering and a third motor, typically a winch. This
second vehicle type also has four selectable speeds. Both HAZARD [ 4
ML925
15 PSElECT CODESH
types have horn, headlights, hazard flasher and turn indio
cator facilities.
fLASHER [ 5 14 PmOBACK (MOTOR 21
The circuit can operate on the first set of 16 SL490 SPfEIlT!C [ 6 13P LIGHTS
commands or the second set of 16, thus giving simul· +VSS [ 7 12P SElEcrTYPE
taneous control of two independent vehicles with the same
integrated circuit type in both.
M01OR{ ~: "p +1 MorOR2
lOP -
FEATURES
• Multifunction Toy Control OPtS

• High Power, Free Drain Buffers on all Outputs Fig.1 Pin connections
• Uses Weil-Proven High Security PPM Coding
with Double Word Checking ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
• Minimum Component Interfaces Required to
Motors and Lamps Voo supply inputs with respectto Vss +O.3V to-25V
Storage temperature - 55°C to + 125°C
• Direct Connection to SL480 Infra-red Preamplifier Operating ambient temperature -10°C to + 65°C
PPM 1-_________-02 o~~~c

lIP
7
4 - - - - 0 +V,..
~~~"c~-----~r---~~----~::::::::::::::~----~
TYPE
HORN
OECODER
HAZARD
~:~~~~1Z
,,'-------1
TYPE
FEEDBACK
(MOTOR2) FLASHER
-v",,~
,
MOTOR 1 MOTOR 2 MOTOR 3

(DRIVE) (STEERING) (WINCH)
Fig.2 ML925 block diagram
147
ML925

Tamb = +25°C, Vss= OV, Voo = -15V
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage, Voo 1 -12 -15 -18 V

PPM input high 3 -1 0 V
low 3 Voo -6 V
Code or type select high 12,15 -1 0 V
low 12,15 Voo -10 V
Steering feedback, speed time 6,14 -2.5 -3 -3.5 V
Constant threshold
Output voltage motor drives 8·11 -0.2 -0.5 V Output current = 10mA
16, 17
other drives 4,5 -0.2 -0.5 V Output current = 5mA
13, 18
Output leakage all outputs 1 Jl.A Output voltage = -15V
PPM oscillator frequency 2 15 150k Hz
4 kHz C = 33nF, R = 50kfl
Speed control oscillator 6 50 Hz Rpos = 120k, Rne , = 270kfl, C = 100nF
Flasher rate 5 0.8 Hz For pin 6 as above
PPM input pulse width 3 1 22T Jl.S T= 1/1 at pin 2
TRANSMITTER CODES VEHICLE TYPE

E D C B A TYPE A, 'CAR' TYPE B, 'TRUCK'
X 0 0 0 0 STOP STOP
X 0 0 0 1 FORWARD STRAIGHT FORWARD
X 0 0 1 0 REVERSE STRAIGHT REVERSE
X 0 0 i 1 HORN (MOMENTARY) HORN (MOMENTARY)
X 0 1 0 0 NOT USED NOT USED
X 0 1 0 1 FORWARD LEFT STEER LEFT (MOMENTARY)
X 0 1 1 0 REVERSE LEFT 'WINCH IN' (MOMENTARY)
X 0 1 1 1 FLASHER ON/OFF FLASHER ON/OFF
X 1 0 0 0 NOT USED NOT USED
X 1 0 0 1 FORWARD RIGHT STEER RIGHT (MOM ENTARY)
X 1 0 1 0 REVERSE RIGHT 'WINCH OUT' (MOMENTARY)
X 1 0 1 1 LlG HT ON/OFF LIGHTS ON/OFF
X 1 1 0 0 SPEED 1 SPEED 1
X 1 1 1 1 SPEED2 SPEED 4
Table1 Decoderresponse to PPM codes
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION OPERATING NOTES
The decoder operates on a timescale fixed by an inter· 1. In Table 1, X determines one of two vehicles to be con·
nal oscillator and its external timing components. The trolled by independent controllers within the same area.
oscillator may be adjusted to a wide range of frequencies The same decoder design can drive either vehicle. X = 0 for
to allow different decoders to respond to different PPM vehicle 1, X = 1 for vehicle 2.
rates. PPM words consist of six narrow pulses separated by 2. Momentary controls only give an output for the duration
5 gaps, a short gap for a '1' and a long gap for a '0', in the of a PPM command stream, i.e. for as long as a transmitter
ratio 2 to 3. Words are separated by a gap of ratio 6. Two button is depressed.
complete correct adjacent words are required belore the 3. Hazard and lights control codes provide a toggle action;
decoder will respond. push once for on, push again for off. There is an internal
A second on·chip oscillator provides a frequency which time·out within the decoder to cater for interruptions in the
sets the mark/space ratio of the motor speed control and PPM stream by noise.
hazard and indicator flasher rate. A power·on reset is also 4. Vehicle type A will drive at half or full speed and has a
provided during initial power·up. latching drive. The steering has three positions: hard left,
Simultaneous control of two independent vehicles is centre and hard right and is driven momentarily during
possible. For one vehicle the first bit of the 5·bit trans· code transmission. The centre position may be indicated
mitted code is a '0' and for the second vehicle the first bit is by a contact running on a conductive track attached to the
a '1' as shown in Table 1. steering bar (see fig A). The track should have a non·
148
ML925
conducting section at the centre and the two halves should are selected by the four latched speed select commands.
be taken to Vss and Voo respectively. The contact, which The steering speed or rate of progression is proportional to
should be fixed to the body of the vehicle, is attached to a the drive speed.
pin on the decoder and a two resistor bias network. The 7. Vehicle type B has provision for single speed driving of a
contact must not conduct with either area when in the third motor (forward or reverse). Control of this motor is
centre position. momentary, stopping when commands cease to be trans·
5. Vehicle type B also has a latched drive direction, which mitted.
remains latched until STOP is pressed; but its steering is 8. One output of the decoder provides a continuous flash·
momentary, so that it will progress left (say) until the com· ing signal. This can be gated with various other outputs of
mand is removed, and stay in that position until a further the decoder (using simple transistor gates) to give auto·
steering command is received. This provides a time· matic flashing lights or buzzers when functions are oper·
proportional sieering system. ating. Examples are: left and right turn indicators, buzzer
6. Vehicle type B has four possible drive speeds; quarter, when reversing, warning lamp when winch in operation or
half, three-quarters and full speed. From STOP or power·on siren switched on and off by 'lights' command.
the speed selected is quarter, or speed 1. Further speeds
HORN
BC237
i- BC~,; -- -- I
I I
I I
I
I
BC237 -6'1 :
L _______ --'
TYPICAL MOTOR DRIVE
o----------{ Bell7
LIGHTS
-.v
Fig.3 Infra·red control for car or truck
PIN FUNCTIONS
1. VDD
-12V to -18V power supply.
2. Oscillator time constant
An RC time constant of a capacitor to Vss and a resistor
to Voo defines the internal clock frequency for demodul·
ating PPM.
PlESSEY 3. PPM Input
ML825
The output of the 'front end' amplifier is connected
here; the signal must be a normally low level of - 6V, and
have PPM pulses going positive to -1 V.
4. Hazard
An open drain output to drive a flashing lamp or buzzer
at a rate determined by pin 6 time constant. Toggled on or
off by a single PPM code.
5. Indicator signals
A permanently pulsing output at a rate determined by
pin 6 time constant. Open drain drive.
Fig.4 Infra·red control for vehicle with 3·position steering 6. Speed time constant and power-on reset
A capacitor and resistor to Voo and a resistor to Vss de·
fine the frequency of the motor speed control pulses and
the warning and indicator pulses.
149
ML925
7. V. s
OV power supply.
8. Forward
Open drain high power latched drive to the drive motor
circuit. When on, the drive motor should move the vehicle
forward.
9. Reverse
Open drain high power latched drive to the drive motor
circuit. When on, the drive motor should move the vehicle
in reverse.
10. Steer left
Open drain high power drive to the steering motor cir·
cuit. When on, the steering should move on the left.
11. Steer right
Open drain high power drive to the steering motor cir·
cuit. When on, the steering should move to the right.
12. Vehicle type
An input to determine the type of vehicle and the inter·
pretation of control codes. Vss selects Type A (car) V00
selects type B (truck).
13. Lights
Open drain output to drive headlights etc. Toggled on or
off by a single PPM code.
14. Steering
An input from the centre contact of the steering feed·
back system for vehicle type A. A resistor to Vss and a
resistor to Voo are required as a bias chain.
15. Code set
An input to determine which set of 16 PPM codes the
decoder responds to. Voo will select the first 16 (E = 0) and
Vss will select the last 16 (E = 1).
16. Third motor +
Open drain high power drive to a third motor circuit for
vehicle type B.
17. Third motor-
Open drain high power drive to a third motor circuit for
vehicle type B. Drives motor in opposite direction to pin 16.
18. Horn
Open drain output to drive a horn or buzzer. A momen·
tary output selected by one PPM code.
Operation of the various functions is described more fully
in 'operation' and in Table 1.
150
Ml926/7
REMOTE CONTROL RECEIVERS
(With Momentary Outputs)
The ML926 and ML927 are MOS LSI monolithic circuits

for use as receivers of remote control signals for television
control and many other applications. They are general pur-
pose devices each receiving sixteen of the thirty-two codes
-voo('o - 80)
OSCILLATOR TIME CONSTANT [ 2 ML 7 C MOMENTARY
transmitted by the SL490 circuit as pulse position modu- PPM INPUT [3 926/7 6 AB BINARY OUTPUTS
lation (PPM).
+Vss [4
~---'
UPS
FEATURES Fig. 1 Pin connections
• Minimum Package Size 8-Lead Minidip

• Four Outputs Indicate in Binary the Code
Currently Being Received, and Are Switched Off
(Low) When No Valid Code is Detected.
• On-Chip Oscillator
• High Power, Free Drain, Output Buffers
OPERATING NOTES
The receiver operates on a timescale fixed by an
internal oscillator and its external timing components. The
oscillator may be adjusted to any value between 15Hz and
150kHz (allowing different receivers to respond to differ-
ent transmission rates within the same area) .
A counter is reset whenever a pulse is received, and
allowed to count at half the oscillator frequency. For
example, take an oscillator frequency of 1.5kHz:-
Resetting is blocked for the first 14 ms and windows from
14ms to 22ms and from 22ms to 40ms determine whether a Fig 2 Block diagram
'1' or a '0' is present. Periods between pulses of 40ms to
BOms are recognised as word intervals. Checks are made to
ensure 6 pulses, or 5 bits, are received for a word to be
valid, and only after two consecutive and identical words is
{.,V LOGIC 0
the receiver allowed to respond to the incoming code. PPM INPUTS -5'1 LOGIC 1
The ML926 responds only to codes 00001 to 01111
from the SL490 transmitter whereas the ML927 responds
,----
to codes 10001 to 11111, 5 4
,
3f!- ~
,
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS !2'n
VDD supply and inputs w.r.!. Vss

Storage temperature
Operating temperature ambient
+0.3Vto-25V
-55'C to + 125'C
-10'C to +65°C
[ [ UJAL;~
6
'100 'Iss
-" ov
Fig. 3 Test cirCUit
151
ML926/7
Voo = -16V
Tamb = 25'C
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Operating supply voltage range 12 14 18 V

Current consumption 1 2 3 4 mA
PPM input
Input logic level high 3 -1 0 V
Input logic level low 3 Voo -6 V 1
Input pulse width 3 1 22Tosc "sec T=~
Oscillator time constant See Note 1

Oscillator frequency 2 15 150k Hz
3k Hz Typical TC: 22nF toVss
100k to Voo
Variation wrt Voo 1 %N
Output voltage high 5-8 -1.5 0 V Rl = 3.0K to VDD
Output device leakage (Output OFF) 5-8 1 j.lA
Note 1. Rose (Pin 2) is 47kn -+ 200ko . losc ~ 0.1 ~CR
PIN FUNCTIONS
1. Voo Momentary binary outputs
-14V to -18V power supply
Transmitter
2. Oscillator time constant Code ML926 ML927
An RC time constant of a capacitor and resistor at this
pin defines the internal clock frequency. The clock EDCBA DCBA DCBA
frequency may be varied from 15Hz to 150kHz.
3. PPM input
o0 0 0 0 000 0 o0 0 0
The output of the 'front end' amplifier is connected to this
o0 0 0 1 o0 0 1
00010 001 0
pin; the signal must consist of a normal logic 'Iow' level with o0 0 1 1 001 1
pulses to logic 'high' corresponding to the PPM pulses from 00100 o1 0 0
the transmitter. 00101 o1 0 1
4. Vss 00110 o1 1 0
OV (ground) o0 1 1 1 o1 1 1
o 1 000 1 0 0 0
5-8. A.B.C.D o1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
Four open drain high power transistors give a binary o 1 010 1 0 1 0
coded output of the valid code being received. o1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
o1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
o1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
o1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
o1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 o0 0 0 o 000
1 0 0 0 1 o0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 001 0
1 0 0 1 1 o0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 o1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 o1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 o1 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 o1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
I 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1
1
1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table 1 Response to SL490 codes
152
ML928/9
REMOTE CONTROL RECEIVERS
(WITH LATCHED OUTPUTS)

give a wide variety of remote control facilities. As well
as ultrasonic or infra-red transmission, cable, radio or Vee (ev) Ie '-" 8
telephone links may also be utilised. Pulse position OSCILLATOR TIME CONSTANT 2 ML I : ) LATCHED
BINARY
modulation (PPM) is used with or without carrier and PPM INPUT 3 92819 5 B OUTPUT
automatic error detection is also incorporated. Although
Vssj16'J) . '_ _ _... '
initially designed with TV remote control in mind the
devices may equally easily be applied for use in radios, DP8
tuners, tape and record decks, lamps and lighting, toys
and models, industrial control and monitoring. Fig. 1 Pin connections
The ML928 and ML929 are general purpose remote
control receivers, each receiving and latching 16 of the
32 codes transmitted by the SL490 circuit in the PPM
(Pulse Position Modulation) mode. The ML928
responds to codes 00000 to 01111 only, and the
M L929 to codes 10000 to 11111. Both devices are
packaged in 8-lead minidip to minimise board area.
The on-chip oscillator may be adjusted from 15Hz to
150kHz, allowing different transmission rates. They
have a high degree of immunity to incorrect codes;
there must be two consecutive correct codes received
before the outputs can change.
FEATURES
• Accepts 5 Bit PPM

• On-Chip Oscillator, 15Hz to 150kHz
Range
• Easily Used With Ultrasonic, Infra-Red
or Other Transmission Media
• Four High Drive Outputs
• 16 Latched States
• Minimum Sized Package
Fig. 2 ML928, ML929 remote control receivers block diagram
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
• Power Supply: 12V to 18V. Typical 4mA {-lV lOGIC 1

PPM INPUTS -6'01 lOGIC 0
at 16V.
• Demodulation: Pulse position with time ,---
window checking by on-chip oscillator , 4
• Decoder: 5 Bit with successive codeword 6

'P-- 1 ,ill-,~
7' II
comparison 7 2
/21"
• Outputs: Maximum 15mA sourced from 8 1""""\.1
]",,:-
~ ~
open drain drive
• Logic convention: Logic 0 - output lJ ,""
transistor ON, pulls
6
output to V ss Vco Vss
-16 0'01
Log ic 1 - output
transistor OFF Fig. 3 Test circuit
153
ML92S/9
Vss = OV
Vee = -16V
Tamb = +25'C
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Current Consumption Vee 1 3 4 5 mA

Supply voltage 1 -12 -18 V
PPM input 3
Logic '0' level -1 0 V
Logic '1' level Voe -6 V
1
Input pulse width 22To5O I'S Tosc= ~
1
Oscillator Timing 2
Frequency 15 150k Hz
4k Hz Typical TC : 22 nF to Vss,
1DDkfl to Vee
Variation w.r.t. Vee 1 %/V.

Latched binary output 5, 6, 7, 8 -1.5 DV V RL = 3.Dk to VDD
Logic '0' output voltage
Output leakage in logic

'1' state 1 I'A
~r ""::::""3V
-.v
Fig. 4 Forward and reverse drive of two small DC motors
PIN FUNCTIONS
Negative logic: '0' is OV (V ss), '1' is - 12V 3 .. PPM input
to -18V (V eo) The output ofthe 'front end' amplifier is connected
to this pin; the signal must consist of a normal logic '1'
level with pulses to logic '0' corresponding to the PPM
1. Veo pulses from the transmitter.
-12V to -18V power supply
4. Vss
2. Oscillator time constant OV (ground)
An R-C time constant at this pin defines the internal
clock frequency. The clock frequency may be varied 5-8. A,a.C.D
from 15Hz at 150Hz and should be set so that there are Four open-drain high power transistors give a binary
40 periods in one 'to' transmitter pulse interval. coded latched output of the last valid code received.
154
ML928/9
Latched binary outputs

680
Transmitter
Code ML928 ML929
EDCBA DCBA DCBA

o0 0 0 0 000 0 +16IJo-+-4-~_ _ sJ:
o0 0 0 1 o0 0 1
00010 001 0
00011 o0 1 1
00100 o1 0 0
o0 1 0 1 o1 0 1
00110 o1 1 0
o0 1 1 1 o1 1 1
o 1 000 1 0 0 0 No change
o1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 Fig. 5 Direct drive of LEOs
o 1 010 1 0 1 0
o1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
o 1 100 1 100 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
o1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
o1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Voo supply and inputs w.r.t. Vss +O.3V to -25V
o1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Storage temperature -55'C to + 1 25'C
1 000 0 o0 0 0
Operating temperature ambient -10'C to +65'C
1 0 0 0 1 o0 0 1
10010 001 0
1 0 0 1 1 o0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 o1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 o10 1
1 0 1 1 0 No change o1 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 o1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table 1 Response to SL490 codes
155
156
SL470
BCDT01 OF10 DECODER/VARICAP DRIVER
FEATURES ov , IBPO/PS
DIP 6 1 15P O/P4
• Up To 10 Programmes O/P7 3 14PO/P3
• Direct Varicap Voltage Selection O/PS • SL470 " PO/P2
• TIL Level Compatible Inputs DIPS 5 12PO/Pl
• May be Directly Driven by ML920 DIP 10 G npvC(

Series Receivers lira J IOPI/PA
• Low Component Count IIPC B 9bl/PB DP16

• Low Cost Fig. 1 Pm connections
• Can Be Used To Drive Indicators
----~I------------------~11vcc
+ DC ~I~O/p
ii~1
• Power supply 33V 3mA
• lout of 10 outputs selected high EiCii~2
• Output drive 2mA C~3
• Input 4 Bit BCD, TIL compatible
C~4
c~: C~5
0(23 ) C(22) 8(21) A(20) alP (high)
B~
C~8
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 2 C~7
0 0 1 0 3
0 0 1 1 4 6~~8
0 1 0 0 5 -.~
0 1 0 1 6 O~9
0 1 1 0 7
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
8
9
----l'
ov'--' O~10
1 0 0 1 10
Table 1 Decode table Fig, 2 Logic diagram
Tamb = 25°C
Vee = 33V
Value
Min. Typ, Max.
Operating supply voltage 11 30 36 V
Supply current 11 3 6 rnA O/Ps unloaded
Selected output level 2-6,12-16 Vce - 1.5 Vcc-3.5 V lOUT = 2mA
Unselected output
levels 2-6,12-16 0.5 V 100k load to OV
Input high state 7-10 1.7 5 V
Input low state 7-10 -0.3 +0.4 V
Input current 7-10 1.5 mA V;n = 1.7V
157
SL470
Ml920
ML922
ML923 SL470
ML928
ML929 9 10 11 12 13
3·9k 3·.
k
.33V
!VAFUCAP SUPPL.V}
Fig.3 Typical application circuit for 8 programmes
7 SEG DRIVER
AMP
I
I
I
I
RX SELECTOR 1 ;0
Lis I
VARICAP
CONTROL
e • go
'invertersmayberequir&c!insomeappilcalions
LOCAL TX
Fig. 4 Complete remote control system

Operating temperature _10°C to +65°C
Supply voltage 36V
158
SL480
INFRA-RED PULSE PRE-AMPLIFIER
The SL480 is a bipolar integrated circuit containing

three amplifier stages. Its output is directly compatible
with the M L920 range of remote control receiver
circuits. It is packaged in an 8-lead plastic package. The
STAGE 30[CQUPtE rv-ap STAGE 2 DECOUPLE
gain of the amplifier stages may be adjusted to suit the OUTPUT 2 SL480 1 ~ STAGE 1 DECOUPLE
application. The input impedance is approximately 20 Mil. .16V J C P0'1

PHOTOOIOOE INPUT [ 4 5 NO I U~tU
DPB
FEATURES
• Minimum Component Solution to Infra-
Red Detection
• Adjustable Gain
• Directly Compatible With Plessey ML920
Range of Receivers
• May Be Used As A General Purpose 100 kHz
Limiting Amplifier

Supply,Vcc 20V
Maximum power dissipation 480mW
Operating temperature range _lOoe to +65°e
Storage temperature range -55°e to +125°e
INPUT
OUTPUT
T.
OECOUPLING
Fig. 2 SL480 block diagram
159
SL480
T.mb = 25°C
Vcc = +15V
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Operating voltage range 3 12 18 V

Supply current 3 1.5 4 mA
Open loop gain 4,2 100 dB Sum of 3 stage gains
Input impedance 4 20 MO
Output current sink 2 100 ~A
Internal pullup resistor 2 50 kO
Quiescent OIP voltage (low) 2 9 11 V At reduced gain
Pulse output (high) 2 15.5 V No load
OPERATING NOTES
An external resistor of, typically, 330k 0 between The circuit diagram of the SL480 infra·red pulse ampli·
pins 4 and 3 provides current for the photo detector fier is shown in Fig.5. Pulses generated by an infra·red
diode connected across pins 4 and 6. Any voltage receiver diode are amplified to a suitable level for direct
generated across the diode by incident light is amplified. connection to the input of any of the Plessey Semi·
The gain of each stage may be readily adjusted conductors ML900 series of remote control receiver cir·
by external resistors in series with decoupling cap- cuits.
acitors between pins 7, 8 or 1 and ground. For maxi- For basic operation, the receiving diode and SL480 in·
mum gain the resistors are dispensed with except at put is biased with a single resistor to the positive supply.
pin 8. Any infra·red light reaching the diode generates a leakage
Typical decoupling capacitors are 22nF. The output current which causes a voltage drop across the bias
goes high towards Vcc when light is detected. This is resistor.
compatible with the PPM input of the ML920 series of The SL480 input stage consists of a compound emitter
remote control receivers. The SL480 is compatible with follower (TRl and TR2) which provides a high input impe·
the full 'power supply range of the ML920 series and dance and allows a relatively high diode load resistor as
can also be used at a lower supply voltage as long well as a voltage drop of around 1.3V between the input
as Vcc is common to Vss of the MOS device, i.e. and the bases of the first amplifier stage (TR6, TR1).
common posiiive. Transistors TR6 and TRl form a differential amplifier
which is designed to prevent low frequency or DC input sig·
nals from reaching subsequent stages of the amplifier.
COMMON Since the bases of transistors TR6 and TRl are internally
connected by the 6.3k resistor R3, low frequency signals
are applied to both sides simultaneously causing no
change in collector current and therefore no output to the
560
ov--+-C=l---''--{] second stage. Higher frequency signals are amplified
SL480 " -_ _ _ TO INPUT OF because TRl base is decoupled externally on pin 1.
ML920 SERIES
Stage 2 gain is provided by a similar differential ampli·
fier to stage 1 except that the relatively stable DC input volt·
ADJUST
GAIN age provided by stage 1 output allows the use of a tail resis·
tor Rll rather than a current source. Decoupling of AC sig·
nals is provided at pin 8.
Fig.3 Gain adjustment, common positive
82p
ABC P
68,
FigA Compact infra·red receiver
160
SL480
019
52k
'"
OlP2
Fig.5 SL480 circuit diagram
Stage 3 is similar to stage 1, but with an extra current

mirror (TR24 to TR26) to provide signal inversion at the out·
put.
The standing current through the output load resistor
and thus the output voltage, is set by the current in R15.
This current willamount to about 100I'A, and give an out·
put voltage about 5V below the positive rail with a 15V
supply. '. OUTPUT
+
It should be noted that there is a parasitic zener diode of
about 6V in parallel with the output load resistor R19; this
diode will be destroyed if the output is shorted to the nega·
tlve supply rail. Stage 3 decoupling is provided at pin 1.
With a 15V supply, the input stage will operate with in·
put voltages ranging from 15 V down to 5V. This will allow
the device to function satisfactorily in high ambient light
conditions which produce high leakage currents In the
receiving diode. A single transistor circuit Is shown in Flg.6,
which prevents the input voltage to the SL480 changing for
diode leakage currents up to several milliamps. By careful
choice of Rand C values, this circuit can be made to give
extra rejection of low frequency modulation such as that
produced by incandescent lamps. .
Under conditions of very high ambient light the circuit
may show signs of instability. This can be prevented by
connecting a 2.2k resistor In series with the transistor
emitter.
If required, the gain of each stage of the SL480 can be
set individually by connecting a resistor in series with the
decoupllng capacitor. A 6k resistor will reduce the stage
gain to half its full value of about 40dB. Normally it is only
necessary to reduce the gain of the second stage with CD
about 33-56 k.
If preferred the decoupling components on pins 1, 7 and
8 can be earthed to the negative supply on pin 6.
As with any high gain device, care is needed in the lay· <:
c'=i=
TRl
-U:
C6
out of printed circuit boards to prevent instability. All de· I] n 01 . ~I-C3

coupling and input components should be mounted close
to the SL480. A suitable printed circuit layout for the SL480 01 ~I SL4809 :;:C2
is shown below.
Decoupling of the power supplies local to the SL480 is
advisable. A resistor of about 5600hms in series with the
negative rail and a parallel capacitor of 68microfarads
being adequate (see Fig.6),
The decoupling resistor should always be in the nega·
tive supply as the ML920 series remote control circuits
have a threshold close to the positive rail, and any voltage Fig.6 Typical infra·red amplifier application with improved
drop here would reduce the noise immunity. detector biasing
161
162
SL490
REMOTE CONTROL TRANSMITTER

give a wide variety of remote control facilities. As well
OVAND xxxoo -
,
"P ~ CARRIER TIME CONSTANT
I[
r:
STABILISER VOLTAGE
as ultrasonic or infra red transmission, cable, radio or OUTPUT
2 "
telephone links may also be utilised. Pulse position 3 "

~ PPM TIME CONSTANT
~ XXXO'I
modulation (PPM) is used with or without carrier and 4 "
automatic error detection is also incorporated. Although , SL490" ,mcnON MATRIX
XXXIO CURRENT
initially designed with TV remote control in mind the
SELECTION COIXX [ £
P XXXII
SINKS
devices may equally easily be applied for use in radios, "
tuners, tape and record decks, lamps and lighting, toys c~~;~~ OlOXX [ , " P,ll"l
P SELECTION MATRIX
and models, industrial control and monitoring. SOURCES OllXX [ lIDXX CURRENT
The SL490 is an easily extendable, 32 command, 100XX [
B "
b 101XX
SOURCES
9 "
pulse position modulation transmitter drawing negligible DP18
standby current. It may be used with the M L920 series
of remote control receivers. Fig. 1 Pin connections

II Ultrasonic or Infra-red Transmission II Power Supply: 9V, Standby 6f1A
.. Direct Drive for Ultransonic Transducer Operating 8mA
II Direct Drive of Visible LED When Using • Modulation: Pulse Position With or
Infra-red
Without Carrier
II Very Low Power Requirements
• Coding: 5 Bit Word Giving a Primary
II Pulse Position Modulation Gives Command Set of 32 Commands
Excellent Immunity From Noise and
Multipath Reflections • Key Entry: 8 X 4 Single Pole Key Matrix
II Single Pole Key Matrix • Date Rate: Selectable 1 Bit/Sec to
II Switch Resistance Up To 1 kG Tolerated 10k Bit/Sec.
II Few External Components • Carrier Frequency: Selectable OHz (no
II Anti-Bounce Circuitry On Chip carrier) to 200KHz.
v[(
t-~--~---< VREG
SWITCH
MA.TRIX
ENCODER
CURRENT
SOURCES [ODE
REGISTER '}OUTPUT
1 TO TOR
TIf.4E CONST
Fig. 2 SL490 transmitter block diagram
163
Sl490
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (see Fig.3)

Tamb = 25'C fe = 40kHz
Vee = +7Vto+9.5V tl = 18ms
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Operating supply current 4 8 16 mA Vcc = 9.5V

Standby supply current 4 30 ~A
Stablised voltage 17 4.3 4.6 4.9 V
Output current available 17 1 mA
Output voltage swing 2,3 1 Vec V Unloaded
Output current 2,3 5 mA Peak value
External switch resistance 1 kO
External switch closure time 6 ms
External carrier oscillator resistor
required, R2 18 20 40 80 kO C2 = 680pF
External PPM resistor Rl required 16 15 30 60 kO Cl = 0.681lF
Ratio to/tl 2,3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Pulse width, t p 2, 3 2 3 4 ms
I nter word gap, t g 2,3 50 54 58 ms
Varialion of 10 wilh Vee
10 wilh Vee = 9.5V 10 wilh Vee = 7.5V 2,3 0.96 1.04
Pulse width To 2,3 2 3 4 ms
Inler word gap 10 2,3 50 54 58 ms
to
t, t,
I"" T "I ir
Fig.3 PPM word notation
BA SA SA SA
00 01 10 11
ED[
000
00<
0'0
011
'0' '0
11 :~
"
13
7
14 SL 490 5
15 4P--t9V
3
(l °NJ! "
.A
"fO'
1::" r"> ~.
Rl ~2
"
"~'~
~-
2
TOR
to "" 1.4. C1. R1

1
iC,,"O.7 C2. R2
Fig. 4 Test and ultraso.nic application circuit
164
SL490
8x4
KEYPAD
g--.r 10
11
12
13
SL490
"
15
TR'
80437
PP3
'l 2 x:CQV99
OR
'l 1x CaX47
Fig.S Infra·red application circuit
received. This in turn fixes the rate of increment or decre-

OPERATING NOTES ment of the volume or colour controls of a TV set.
When the transmitter is being used with an infra-red
Fig.5 shows the circuit for a simple infra·red transmitter link, with high current pulses fed to the diodes as in Fig.5,
where the PPM output from pin 2 of the SL490 is fed to the power consumption wil/ increase with frequency. It is thus
base of the PNP transmitter TR1, producing an amplified advisable that with a battery power supply, the slowest
current pulse about 151'sec wide. This pulse is further amp· PPM rate consistent with adequate response time should
lified by TR2 and applied to the infra-red diodes 01 and 02. be chosen.
The current in the diodes and the infra-red output is con-
trol/ed by the quantity, type, and connection method of the Selling Up Procedure
diodes and also by the gain at high currents of the tran- When designing a system using the SL4901491 trans-
sistors. mitters and the M L920 series receivers, it is not necessary
The most common solution where cost is important is to adjust the PPM rate on both transmitter and receiver.
to use 2 single-chip diodes, such as the CQY99 connected The usual arrangement is to have a fixed resistor of 33 k
in series. from pin 16 of the SL4901491 and to choose the capacitor
Improved output can be obtained by using four CQY99 connected for pin 16 to pin 17 to give the required PPM
diodes in a series paral/el arrangement, but it is usual/y sim-
rate. The value is calculated from the formula to = 1.4CR.
pler to use 2 multichip diodes such as the CQX47 con-
Provided fairly close tolerance components are used for C1
nected in paral/el or a single CQX19 which gives similar
and R1, then assembled transmitter units should be inter-
results. changeable without adjustment.
A significant increase in range can be obtained by using The timing components on the receiver can be selected
diodes such as the CQY99 in conjunction with a plated using the formula
plastic parabol ic reflector. 1 40
When building the transmitter, care should be taken f" 0.15CR wheref,,=-t;;
with the choice of the capacitor C2 and with the circuit lay-
to being the PPM logic 0 time from the transmitter.
out, particularly when multi-chip diodes are being used, as
The value of R for the receiver should be between 47k
the current pulses can be as high as 6 to 8Amps.
and 200 k, a typical arrangement being to use a 47 k fixed
Transistor choice is also important and any substitutes
resistor and a 100k pot as shown in Fig.6. The capacitor
should have high current gain characteristics and switch-
should be selected from the above formula to give the
ing speeds similar to those specified in Fig.3.
nominal frequency somewhere near the mid-range setting
An increase in output can be obtained by connecting
of the potentiometer.
TR2 in common emitter configuration, but care should be
Final adjustment is made by setting the period on the
taken not to exceed the rating of the diodes.
receiver oscillator time constant pin to 1140th of the trans-
mitter PPM logic 0 time using the potentiometer.
Choice of PPM Frequencies
Connection to the receiver time constant pin should be
Although the ML920 series of remote control receivers made using a x 10 oscilloscope probe to reduce circuit
is designed to work over a wide range of PPM frequencies, loading.
the actual usable range may be restricted by the appli- When adjusting the ML920, the monitor output can be
cation. The analogue outputs on the ML920, ML922 and used for setting up, but in this case, a figure of 1120th of the
ML923 serve as a good example, since the outputs wil/ transmitter PPM logic 0 time should be used as the monitor
step up or down, one step for each pair of PPM words output is at half the oscillator frequency.
165
SL490

TO. Supply voltage 7V to 9.5V
;~
ML020 osc.T/c Total power dissipation SOOmW
SERIES
RECEIVER PIN Operating temperature range _1O o e to +S5°e
47k
Storage temperature range -55°eto +125°e
).or
~-->-0.
100k
Fig.6 Recommended receiver time constant components
166
CONSUMER
SL952
UHF AMPLIFIER
The SL952 amplifier has been designed to drive the
prescaler (SP4020, CT1110 etc) in a frequency [ , ~
\4p '.Icc
synthesis system directly from the tuners local oscillator. [ 1 13 PCONNECT TO VtC
It features a differential output to reduce local

oscillator radiation, and a differential input, which may
be used to couple the outputs from a VHF and a UHF
DiffERENTIAL OUTPUT I~ : 12p Vcc
" } QIFfERENTIAllNPUT
tuner (see Fig. 3). GROUND C" on
The device operates from a single 5V supply with a [,

minimal number of external components and is encap- GROUND [ I
",
sulated in a 14 lead DI L package.
Note: Ground all other unused pins DP14
Fig. 1 Pin connections (top)

FEATURES
• Low Cost
• High Gain
• Minimal External Component Count
• Good Limiting Characteristics
• 1 GHz Respon3e
• 5V Supply
Vce +10V
Ambient temperature O°C to +65°C
Storage temperature -55°C to +125°C Fig. 2 Test circuit
Test conditions (unless otherwise stated) :
Vee = 5.0V
TAMB = +25°C
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage 4.75 5.00 5.50 V
DC output level 3.2 V
Output offset 100 600 mV
Maximum differential output swing 600 mVp-p 950MHz
Differential voltage gain 30 35 dB 100MHz
167
SL952
TUNER
e)
UHF
'--'10-----"'9
s-
VHF
LO
11
12
13
CT
1110 4
.5V
Fig. 3 Typical application for TV frequency synthesis
168
• PLESSEY CONSUMER
Semiconductors
SL1430
TV IF PREAMPLI FI ER
The SL1430 is a fixed gain IF preamplifier for
'"0'"
television with an output optimised for driving Plessey
second generation low .capacitance surface acoustic
wave (SAW) filters. The addition of one external DIfFERENTIAL { 2 6 Nt
capacitor allows the amplifier to drive normal capaci- OUTPUT 1 1 GROUND
tance SAW filters from Plessey or from other manu-
NC • 8 INPUT
facturers.
The device features on chip decoupling and differ-
erential output, requiring a minimal number of external
components to be used. Fig. 1 Pin connections (top view)
FEATURES
• Low cost
• Low noise , -_ _ _ _ _ _ _-<> +V((
• Low external component count
• Low distortion
• Direct 12V operation "
....---1---If---o
• Can be used with different types of SAW
filters
'.PUTT, " 7·Sp
"
'.L.---<O-----ff---o
OUTPUT

• 26dB gain at 40MHz
f
• 12V supply at 25mA
• 120mV rms. input handling Fig. 2 Test circuit
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Test conditions (unless otherwise stated): Supply voltage -0.5v to +25v
T.mb= +25 o C Operating temperature range -10°C to +65°C
Supply voltage = + 12V Storage temperature range -55°C to + 125°C
Frequency = 40MHz
Output load = 7.5 pF (Pins 2 and 3)
Measurements made using test circuit Fig. 2.
Value
Characteristic Pin Min Typ Max Units Conditions
Supply voltage 1 7 12 13.5 V
Quescent current 1 15 25 35 mA Pins 2, 30/C
Cut-off frequency (-3d B) 5,2/3 60 110 MHz
Voltage gain 23 26 29 dB
Input signal for 46dB intermodulation 5 120 mV Red colour bar
Input signal for 1% crossmodulation 5 75 mV (wanted level 20mV
unwanted modulation 65%)
Input signal for 1dB sync tip compression 5 130 mV rms.
Noise figure 5 4 dB
Input impedance 5 3000.//
4.2pF
169
SL1430
11V
,---------o+Vcc
SW173/SW1S3
Fig. 3 Typical applications
SL1430 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT , 12V, +25°C. WITH SW173 AS LOAD (7.5pF)

(FIGS. 5 TO 10) Unwanted signal with 65% amplitude modulation at 10KHz
'00
>
~
!.
I
I
!
I
~
~
"C
°E
so -- -
'g
E
80 ---l
I
I ; 20 r--l-------+
~
II:
l2
60
1\
I
i ----
II:
l2-'
<
Z
,.
1--
20mV WANTED SIGNAL
---
-'
<
Z
~
Q
4
· I
\ \
I "iii
~
!;;
~
~ 1\ I z
::>
~ 0
,. ,.I ..
1\1 ,..I
I
6. 8.
UNWANTED FREQUENCY (MHz)
• 20 40 60 80
Fig. 6 ClOSS modulation performance V frequency of unwanted
UNWANTED SIGNAL (mV rms) signal (see note 1)
Fig. 4 Cross modulation performance (see note 1)
~ , .. i
,
I
'..".-
Q
Q
:E
".
100
k+---t--~ ""- I
----'-
II
i
,----
"~:i i iI
>
.. 8.
!.
"C
E
I
/ ....ffi
;!;
~ _~
I
~
80
if!.
II:
6. r- --
/ II:
~
I
I
Vrl' ----I
60
l2 ffi I
~
z
"iii
~
....
f-- -r- - - -r--
I
CARRIER
'
f--
i<
II:
<I
z
o
iii
i
.
,/ ··1-11
Z ;;
<
;: - --
z
::>
•o
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
20 25 30
. 6 8
ADDITIONAL (TO SW173) CAPACITANCE (pF)
12
Fig. 5 Cross modulation performance V supply voltage

(see note 1) Fig. 7 Intermodulation performance v. load capacitance
170
SL1430
-so
r
.. --
~
IV1
-60
,
ci
0
::;
"0 I
,
/
I
z
o
;::
~ -50
'"~
'"~
I
....ffi
"
~
~
-
1/ i~
-40
80
[/
"~
II:
~
ffi
a: I
II: " I' -30 I
"'z"
0 I
'I
I I
,
40 80
VISION CARRIER (mV rms)

;;; lieo nota2
I
:>
! I Fig. 9 Intermodu/ation performance (see note 2)
20
r----+ I
I
o i
20 30
° SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Fig. 8 Intermodulation performance v. supply voltage
NOTE 1. Signal level refers to peak rms. i.e. The effective sync. tip level of a composite video signal.
NOTE 2. The test signal employed corresponds to the red bar of a transmitted colour bar and consists of the following elements related to
the sync. tip level. the vision carrier at 38.9M Hz-6d8, the colour carrier at 34.5M Hz-18dB. and the SOtJnd carrier at 33.4MHz-7dB.

Supply voltage -O.5V to +25V
Storage temperature range -55°C to + 125°C
171
172
CONSUMER
SL 1431/2
TV IF PREAMPLIFIERS WITH AGe GENERATOR
The SL1431 and SL1432 are fixed gain I F pre-
amplifiers for television with a differential output op-
timised for driving Plessey surface acoustic wave
(SAW) filters. Besides providing the necessary gain AGCONSHADJLJSTO~ AGCDECOUPLtNG
block between the tuner and SAW filter they also supply Vee 2 1 AGe OUTPUT
a properly derived, broadband AGe signal to the tuner, OlffERENTlAL{ J 6 GROUND
the SL1431 providing the correct SPrlse signal for a OUTPUT 4 0 INPUT
PNP tuner, and the SL1432 for an NPN tuner. The
tuner AGe threshold is internally preset to a value to
allow adequate signal handling in the SL1431 and DPS
SL1432 and does not normally require any external
adjustment. However, to account for the large varia- Fig. 1 Pin connections
tions in signal handling capability which is encountered
on some tuners, the tuner AGe threshold may be
externally adjusted by altering the bias on pin 1.
Both devices feature on-chip decoupling for a
minimum external component count.
FEATURES
AGe Signal
For high input signal levels the voltage on pin 7 goes • Properly Derived Tuner AGC
low with SL1431 and high with the SL1432.
• Low Cost
QUICK REFERENCE DATA • Low Noise
• Low External Component Count
• 26dB Gain at40MHz • Low Distortion
• 1 2V Supply at 25mA • Direct 12V Operation
• 120mV R.M.S. Input Handling • Can be used with Different Types of SAW
• 15mA Tuner AGC Capability Filters
, - - - - , . - - - - < > +Vcc
'.PUTT'" '·5, '~}OUT

L-~--l'~
5
+--l Vee
1+12VI
50
"I
1 AGe
~~C~UPLE o - - - - + - - < ---<:I ONSET
ADJUST
Fig. 2 Block diagram Fig. 3 Test circuit
173
SL1431/SL1432
Tamb = + 125°C
Supply voltage = + 12V
Frequency = 40MHz
Output load = 7.5pF (Pins 3 and 4)
Measurements made using test circuit Fig. 3.
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply Voltage 2 7 12 13.5 V

Quiescent Current 2 15 25 33 mA Pins olc
Cut-off frequency (-3dB) 5 60 110 MHz
Voltage gain 23 26 29 dB
Input signal for 46dB
intermodulation 5 120 mV Red colour bar
Input signal for 1 % cross-
modulation 5 75 mV (wanted level 20mV" unwanted,
modulation 65%)
Input signal for 1 dB sync tip
compression 5 130 mVrms
Noise figure 5 4 dB
Input impedance 5 3000
114.2pF
Tuner AGC
Output current 7 15 20 mA @ 10.0 V
Input impedance 1 6 kO
Fig. 4 Typical applications
SL1431 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT .12V. +25°C. WITH SW173 AS LOAD (7.5pF)

(FIGS. 5 TO 10) Unwanted signal with 65% amplitude modulation at 10KHz
I I
, I I
I I
,
~ 100~--------+---~-----+----4---~ § mo ---- - - - -- ~ i
I
>
~
""oE
x
>
~
""E
x
I I
!
if. <f-
a: a: .--------
e
60
e 60 -"
. I
;t ---t
~
~ 24mV WANTED
"
*S
z
401-----j------_____\__'
Z
"
(;i
S
CARRIER
-~i----
...z ...
2
I I
_._.
~ 201----r----+---~~~--+--- "
;:
2
i
:l
o
o
/ I
20 25
UNWANTED SIGNAL (mV rms) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Fig. 6 Cross modulation performance V supply voltage
Fig. 5 Cross modulation performance (see note 1) (see note 1)
174
SL1431/SL1432
,oor----,-------;--------~------,
a: c
c
:: ------t-----+----+----J
:;
-' 10
ffi
z" >-
~
'iii" !g
:;J
>-
Z
r
a:
~ I ::
Z
::J
i
i ffi
a:a: 60
V
',o~ ____~------_:':_------..,,:':O-------..,J
"z
=--!4+---1
(J
UNWANTED FREQUENCY (MHz)
0
Fig. 7 Cross modulation performance V frequency of unwanted
iii
;; I_-t------l
signal (see note 1)
I
1 - - - - ----i---+--t----j
I
I i i
10 15 20 30
i SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
I
I Fig. 9 Intermodulation performance v. supply voltage
~
I
I
i
..........
i ~
~
i
I K
I
I
I
20
°°
i
ADDITIONAL (TO SW173) CAPACITANCE (pFl
Fig. 8 Intermodulation performance v. load capacitance

VISION CARRIER (mV rms)
see note 2
Fig. 10 Intermodulation performance (see note 2)
NOTE 1. Signal level refers to peak rms. i.e. The effective sync. tip level of a composite video signal.
NOTE 2. The test signal employed corresponds to the red bar of a transmitted colour bar and consists of the following elements related to
the sync. tip level. the vision carrier at 38.9M Hz-6dB. the colour carrier at 34.5MHz-18dB. and the sound carrier at 33.4M Hz-7dB.

Supply voltage -O.5V to +25V
Operating temperature range -100 e to +65°e
Storage temperature range -55°e to + 1 25°e
175
176
.~!e! CONSUMER
SL 1440
PARALLEL SOUND AND VISION IF AMPLIFIERS AND DETECTORS
This Ie is designed to operate with a two output

port surface acoustic wave I F filter, one output for
vision and chrominance carriers with no sound carrier, VIO£OO/P' - ItO AliCTIMHONSTANT
and one output for the sound carrier only. Vet 2 13 SOUNDO/P
The Ie amplifies and detects the sound and vision EARTH 3 12 EAfHH
carrier in two separate channels, the detectors being of
the wide band switching type. not requiring any tuning.
An AGe system is applied to the vision channel, the
mCOUPUNG f ' "I
10
O[tOUi"LlNG
sound channel being made to hard limit. VISIDNCAARIER {, : 9 } SOUNOCAARlfRl/P

There is no facility for tuner AGe, an SL1431 should
be used to provide this signal. operating before the "-----'
SWAF to provide superior overload performance and DP14
needing no preset adjustment.
Fig. 1 Pin connections (top view)
Fig. 2 Typical application SL1440
.I
VISION
INPUT
.1 I OV~~~~T
1
SOUND
INPUT
~--6-_ _ _ _---,1 ~
"
SOUND IF OUTPUT
Fig. 3 Ie block diagram.
177
178
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
SP4020 SP4021
VHF/UHF -;- 64 PRESCALERS
The SP4020 and SP4021 are ECl divide by 64s

which will operate at frequencies in excess of 950MHz,
and are intended for use as prescalers in television VHF INPUT (SP4C20 ONLY) ~.r---: ~l v"
receiver synthesiser tuners. 2 13~
The SP4020 has separate inputs for VHF and UHF UHF INPUT 3 12P
and the devices have a typical power dissipation of OUTPUT
470mW at the nominal supply voltage of +6.BV.
ReFl 5
"
10
REF2 6 ,
BAND CHANGE , Iv"
INPUT DG14
FEATURES
• Dual Input Ports for VHF and UHF
(SP4020)
• Self-Biasing Clock Inputs
• Variable Input Hysteresis Capability for
Wide Band Operation
• TTL/MOS Compatible Band Change Input
(SP4020)
II Push-Pull TTL O/P
OPERATING NOTES
Two input ports are available on the SP4020.
Switching between these inputs is accomplished by
operation of the band change input. A logic '1' Fig.2 Equivalent small signal input impedance (80MHz-IGHz)
activates the UHF input. logic '0' the VHF input. When
an input is not in use the input signal must be removed
to prevent cross-modulation occuring at high fre-
quencies. Both inputs are terminated by a nominal
4000 and should be AC coupled to their respective SAMPLING SCOPE t VHF INPUT
signal sources. Input power to the device is terminated 50A liP SP4020 ONLY
to ground by the two decoupling capacitors on the =
reference pins. Input coupling and reference decoupling
capacitors should be of a type suitable for use at a
frequency of 1 G Hz.
When the device is switched to the VHF input. an
input hysteresis of 50mV is set by the internal band
change circuit. This improves the low frequency sine-
wave operation of the device. The hysteresis level may be
measured as VREF 1 -VREF 2
If the SP4021 is required to operate with a sinewave SAMPliNG
SCOPE
input below 100M Hz, then the required hysteresis SOnljP
may be applied externally as shown in Fig. 5. large

6·611 ~O 3SV
values of hysteresis should be avoided as this will
degrade the input sensitivity of the device at the maxi-
mum frequency. The divide by 64 output is designed to
interface with TIL which has a common VEE (ground).
At low frequency the output will change when one
of the clock change inputs changes from a low to a high
level. Self oscillation may result if the input signal falls Only one generator should be connected to either the
below the minimum specified. VH F or UHF inputs. The input not in use may be left open
circuit. All capacitors are 1 nF unless otherwise stated.
The devices may be operated down to very low
frequencies if a square wave input with an edge speed
greater than 200V / ~s is used. Fig. 3 AC test circuit
179
SP4020 ISP4021
Supply voltage VEE = oV. Vee = +6.45V to + 7.15V
Clock input voltage sinusoidal
TA: +25'C
Pin 14 OIP
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage 1.2 6.45 6.80 7.15 V

Supply current 1.2 40 68 90 mA Vee = 6.8V
Output level high 4 2.5 3.5 5.0 V -1mA
Output level low 4 0.3 0.5 V 5mA
Band change input (SP4020 only) See Note 1
High level 14 2.5 V For UHF input
Low level 14 0.4 V For VHF input
Low level liP current 14 -0.8 mA @O.4V
Max. clamp current 14 -3 mA @ -0.7V
Sensitivity
SP4020 :-
VHF liP 100MHz 8 100 300 mVp-p Pin 14 to OV
VHF liP 300MHz 50 300 mVp-p Pin 14 to OV
UHF liP 500-800MHz 10 100 300 mVp-p
UHF liP 950MHz 50 300 mVp-p See Note 2
SP4021 :-
liP 100MHz 10 120 400 mVp-p
liP 300-800MHz 100 300 mVp-p
liP 950MHz 50 300 mVp-p See Note 2
Overload level
SP4020 :-
VHF liP 100-300MHz 8 0.9 2.0 Vp-p
UHF liP 100-950MHz 10 0.9 2.0 Vp-p Pin 14 to OV
SP4021 :-
liP 100-300M Hz 10 1.0 2.0 Vp-p
liP 500-950M Hz 10 0.9 2.0 Vp-p
Note 1 TTL type including negative input voltage clamp

Note 2 This is measured with the device in a low profile socket; soldered results show, typically, a 25% improvement.
CONTROL
FROM MOS
DEVICE
Connections to these pins should be made to have the

minimum series inductance. Capacitors should be of a
type suitable for use at 1 GHz.
Fig. 4 Application circuit
180
S P4020/S P4021
1000
900 1 1 1 1
BOO r--- GUARANTEED

- - r-
Ii:
, 700
I-- AREA OF
OPERATION
- - GUARANTEED AREA
OF OPERATION r-
50~
a.
>
600
I-- VHF INPUT - - UHF INPUT
PIN 10
I-
! 500 r--- PIN 8
- - l-
'11; TTl OUTPUT

~ 400 I-- - - r-
I I I I
'00
I I 1 1 1
I-J- 1 1 1 1/
100 200 300 400 sao 600 700 800 950
FREQUENCV (MHz)
Fig. 6 SP4020 typical sensitivity with limits of operation

when used in application circuit (Fig. 4)
Capacitors are 1 nF uniessl otherwise stated. Values

should be increased if operation below 10MHz is
required. 1000
For 50mV hysteresis R1 = 36k QR2 = 00 r-

900
~ I l I
For 100mV hysteresis R1 = 18k QR2 = 18k Q
r-
a:, r-700
GUARANTEED AREA
OF OPERATION
~ 60 or- INPUT
PIN 10
Fig. 5 Wideband operation .§ 50 or-
~ 40 or-
.; 30 0
r--
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 0
... I I I I I I
I.......... 1 1 J 1 1 J J
Power supply voltage Vee - VEE OV to +10V 0
Input voltage, clock inputs 2.5V p-p '00 200

1
JOO
1
400
1 1
6 0
I
700
1
00
Band change input FREQUENCY (MHz)
(SP4020) +7.2 to -O.5Vor -lOrnA
Output current +30mA to -30mA Fig. 7 SP4021 Typical sensitivity with limits of operation
Operating temperature O°C to +65°C when used in application circuit (Fig. 4) with pin
Storage temperature -55°C to +125°C 14 open circuit.
181
182
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUns
SP4040 SP4041
VH FlU H F -:- 256 PRESCAlERS
The SP4040 and SP4041 are ECl divide by 256

which will operate at frequencies in excess of 950MHz,
~ " Iv..
VHF INPUT (SP4040 ONLY) ,
and are intended for use as prescalers in television
receiver synthesiser tuners.
The SP4040 has separate inputs for VHF and UHF UHF INPUT 3
"
and the devices have a typical pOW<;lr dissipation of "
!I OUTPUT
500mW at the nominal supply voltage of +6.BV.
REF 1 5
REF 2
BAND CHANGE 7
6 9 I Vel;
INPUT "l-_ _ --r
FEATURES
• Dual Input Ports for VHF and UHF
(SP4040)
• Self-Biasing Clock Inputs
• Variable Input Hysteresis Capability for
Wide Band Operation PIN 1 0 0 - - - - , - - - ,
• TTL/MOS Compatible Band Change Input

(SP4040) 400 20
• Push-Pull TTL O/P
'oH
OPERATING NOTES PIN 6 . 7 o - - - - - - J
Two input ports are available on the SP4040.

Switching between these inputs is accomplished by
operation of the band change input. A logic '1' Fig.2 Equivalent small signal input impedance (80MHz-IGHz)
activates the UHF input, logic '0' the VHF input. When
an input is not in use the input signal must be removed
to prevent cross-modulation occuring at high fre-
quencies. Both inputs are terminated by a nominal
400 Q and should be AC coupled to their respective ZAMPLING SCOPE t VHF INPUT
SOro. lIP
signal sources. Input power to the device is terminated
to ground by the two decoupling capacitors on the
reference pins. Input coupling and reference decoupling
= SP4020 ONLY
capacitors should be of a type suitable for use at a

frequency of 1 G Hz.
When the device is switched to the VHF input, an
input hysteresis of 50mV is set by the internal band
change circuit. This improves the low frequency sine-
wave operation of the device. The hysteresis level may be
measured as VREF 1 -VREF 2
If the SP4041 is requi red to operate with a sinewave SAMPLING
SCOPE
50.nI/P
input below 100M Hz, then the required hysteresis
may be applied externally as shown in Fig. 5. large 6·aV!O 3SV
values of hysteresis should be avoided as this will
degrade the input sensitivity of the device at the maxi-
mum frequency. The divide by 64 output is designed to
interface with TIL which has a common VEE (ground).
At low frequency the output will change when one
of the clock change inputs changes from a low to a high
Only one generator should be connected to either the
level. Self oscillation may result if the input signal falls
VHF or UHF inputs. The input not in use may be left open
below the minimum specified. circuit. All capacitors are 1 nF unless otherwise stated.
The devices may be operated down to very low
frequencies if a square wave input with an edge speed
greater than 200V I ~s is used. Fig. 3 AC test circuit
183
SP4040/SP4041
Supply voltage VEE = oV, Vee = +6.45V to + 7.15V
Clock input voltage sinusoidal
TA: +25°C
Pin 14 DIP
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage 1,2 6.45 6.80 7.15 V

Supply current 1,2 50 70 95 mA Vee = 7.15V
Output level:
High 4 2.5 3.5 5.0 V -1mA
Low 4 0.3 0.5 V 5mA
Band change input
High level 14 2.5 V For UHF input}
Low level 14 0.4 V For VHF input SP4040
Low level lIP current 14 -0.8 mA 0' O.4V only
Max. clamp current 14 -3 mA @ -O.7V
Sensitivity
SP4040 :-
VHF lIP 100MHz 8 120 300 mVp-p Pin 14 to OV
300M Hz 100 300 mVp-p Pin 14 to OV
UHF lIP 500-800MHz 10 100 300 mVp-p
950MHz 10 250 440 mVp-p Note 1
SP4041 :-
100MHz 10 400 550 mVp-p
200MHz 10 300 400 mVp-p
300MHz 10 150 350 mVp-p
500-700MHz 10 100 300 mVp-p
800M Hz 10 200 400 mVp-p
950MHz 10 400 700 mVp-p Note 1
Overload level
SP4040 :-
VHF liP 100-300MHz 8 1.0 2.0 Vp-p
UHF lIP 500-600MHz 10 1.0 2.0 Vp-p Pin 14 to OV
SP1041 :-
100MHz 10 1.2 2.0 Vp-p
300MHz 10 1.0 2.0 Vp-p
500-600MHz 10 1.0 2.0 Vp-p
950MHz 10 1.2 2.5 Vp-p
Note 1. This is measured with the device in a low profile socket; soldered in results show typically a 25% improvement.
CONTROL
FROM MOS
DEVICE
Connections to these pins should be made to have the

minimum series inductance. Capacitors should be of a
type suilable for use all GHz.
Fig. 4 Application circuit
184
SP4040/SP4041
0200
~
GUARA.NTEED GUARANTEEO AREA
AREA OF OF OPERATION
"'1;
SOA
OPERATION UHF INPUT
Q
Q
, VHF INPUT PIN 10
PIN 8
TTL OUTPUT >
! r--- -
....
~
;:;
/'
--
'00
I I I
.6·6V
'00
...... I I ..v-
300 500
I I
600 100
I
600 osO
'00
FREQUENtV (MHz)
Fig. 6 SP4040 typical sensitivity with limits af operation

Capacitors are 1 nF unless otherwise stated. Value's when used in application circuit (Fig. 4)
should be increased if operation below 10MHz is
required.
For 50mV hysteresis R1 = 36k OR2.= 00

For 100mV hysteresis R1 = 18k OR2 = 18k 0
Fig. 5 Wideband operation

Ii
, 100
0.. 600
>
.§. 500
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ....
Power supply voltage Vee - VEE OV to +10V ~
Input voltage, clock inputs 2.5V p--p
Band change input
(SP4040) +7.2 to -O.5V or -10mA
Output current +30mA to -30mA
Operating temperature O°C to +65°C FREQUENCY (MHz)
Fig. 7 SP4041 Typical sensitivity with limits of operation
when used in application circuit (Fig. 4) with pin
14 open circuit.
185
186
Semiconductors
TV FILTERS
SW150 SW153 SW170 SW173 SW200

SW250 SW400 SW450
SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE COLOUR TV IF FILTERS
This comprehensive range of TV IF filters utilises
Plessey Surface Acoustic Wave technology and is
suitable for use in colour or monochrome television
receivers world wide. The frequency pass-band and
phase response of each of these highly stable devices
are tailored to the relative transmission standard. The
devices require no adjustment and are packaged in a
totally hermetic Metal/Glass T08 package. BALANCED INPUT PINS 2&4
BALANCED OUTPUT PINS 1&5 CAN (SCREEN) PIN3 CM5
Fig. 1 Pin connections (viewed from beneath I
FEATURES
• No Adjustment Necessary
• Low Cost
• Compact Dimensions
• High Stability
• High Reliability
• Comprehensive Range of Standards
Available
.12V
Fig. 2 Typical application

APPLICATION NOTES
The input drive and output load circuitry should
provide a low impedance across at least one device port
to minimise spurious signals due to secondary device
characteristics. Fig. 2 shows a typical application,
the SL1430 providing a very low drive impedance. The
330 n load resistor is included to ensure stability of SAWF
100
the TDA2540 and may be omitted in some designs that
do not use this device. -@l } ~~~:~~ED
nh TO 50.n
Care must be taken with the printed circuit board INPUT
-r_C::r__-@MEASURING
layout, and the use of balanced input and output is v- EQUIPMENT '"'
advised to ensure low levels of direct breakthrough.

The device must also be mounted with minimum lead
length. Application introduced direct breakthrough will
exhibit itself as a deterioration in amplitude and group
delay ripple, and a screen image approximately 1.5fts
before the main response.
Fig. 3 Test circuit
187
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
.~. IN-BAND LEVEL

~ _we IN-BAND LEVEL
-t;;;2~;;::2~~ -t7<---, 0 ••
6'.
-6dB
IN BAND
LIMITS
--;
LOWER SlOE l e i
ADJACENT VISION TRAP

REGION
y--
ADJACENT SOUND TRAP
UPPER sIDe LOi
FREQUENCY
Fig. 4 Amplitude characteristics
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The amplitude characteristics given in the Electrical

Characteristic tables are defined in Fig. 4. The response
Test conditions (unless otherwise stated) :- in the Nyquist region is guaranteed by the measure-
Ambient temperature +35 D C ment of the 2T sin' pulse and bar K rating after
Input drive impedance 500 synchronous demodulation.
Load impedance 3000 balanced In band amplitude and group delay ripple is defined
as the worst deviation from the mean over any 500Khz
bandwidth between the two defined in-band frequency
The amplitude level at the vision carrier frequency is limits.
taken to be -6dB and is then used as a reference for all The measurement of spurious outputs includes those
other relevant measurements (see Fig. 4). due to internal reflections and direct breakthrough, a
The insertion loss is defined as the voltage ratio 2T Sin' pulse being used and measurements being made
V1NJVOUT in the test circuit (Fig. 3) and is expressed in between 2 and 1 fls before, and 1 and 4fls after, the
dB. centre of the main response.
SW150
The SW150 is a TV IF filter for the United Kingdom PAL standard, system I, with a vision carrier frequency of 39.5MHz.
Frequency Value
MHz Min. Typ. Max.
Vision carrier 39.5 Ref. level -6 dB

Colour carrier 35.1 -7 -3 0 dB
Sound carrier 33.5 -27 -24 -21 IdB:
Sound shelf deviation 33.2-33.8 ±3 dB
In-band level 36-38 -3 0 2 dB
In band spot 38 -2 0 1.5 dB
In-band slope 35.5 0 -2 -4 dB w.r.t. level at 38MHz
In-band ripple 36-38 0.5 1 dB Peak
Adjacent vision trap 31.5 -45 -55 dB
Adjacent sound trap 41.5 -42 -50 dB
Lower side lobe 26.5-31.5 -38 -45 dB
Upper side lobe 41.5-46.5 -36 -42 dB
46.5-100 -30 dB
Insertion loss 38.0 17 21 dB
2T sin' pulse and bar K rating 39.5 1.5 2 %
Group delay:-
Ripple 36.0-39 5 10 ns
Deviation 34.5-40.5 10 40 ns
Spurious outputs 39.5 -46 -40 dB
Temperature coefficient of frequency -90 ppm/DC
Small signal impedances
Input pins 2 & 4 1kO/l
12pF
Output pins 1 & 5 1.6kO//
10pF
188
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
SW153
The SW153 is a TV IF filter for the United Kingdom PAL standard, system I, with a vision carrier frequency of
39,5MHz,
Frequency Value
Character;stic Units Conditions
MHz Min, Typ. Max.
Vision carrier 39,5 R~f,

level -'-6 dB
Colour carrier 35,1 -6 -3 0 dB
Sound carrier 33.5 -25 -22 -19 dB
Sound shelf deviation 33.2-33,8 :t 1 =3 dB
In-band level 36-38 -2 0 2 dB
In band spot 38 -1,5 0 1,5 dB
In-band slope 35.5 0 -1 -2 dB w,r.t. level at 38MHz
In-band ripple 36-38 0.5 1 dB Peak
Adjacent sound trap 41,5 -40 -50 dB
Lower side lobe 26,5-31.5 -40 -50 dB
Upper side lobe 41,5-46,5 -36 -42 dB
46.5-100 -30 dB
Group delay:-
Ripple 36.0-39,0 5 10 ns
Deviation 34,5-40,5 10 40 ns
Spurious outputs 39,5 -46 -40 dB
Temperature coefficient of frequency -90 ppm/oC
Input pins 2 & 4 1.6k all
8pF
Output pins 1 & 5 1.8kO!!
10pF
SW170
The SW170 is a TV IF filter for the European PAL standard, systems Band G, with a vision carrier frequency of
38,9MHz,
Frequency Value
MHz Min. Typ. Max.
Vision carrier 38,9 Ref, level -6 dB

Colour carrier 34,5 -7,5 -4 -2.5, dB
Sound shelf deviation 33,1-33,5 :',3 dB
In-band level 35,5-37,4 -3 0 2 dB
In band spot 37.4 -1.5 0 1,5 dB
In-band slope 35,5 -0,5 -2 -3 dB w,r,t. level at 37.4MHz
In-band ripple 35,5-37.4 0.5 1 dB Peak
Adjacent vision trap
VHF 30,9 -36 -40 dB
UHF 31,9 -38 -45 dB
Adjacent sound trap
UHF 40,4 -38 -45 dB
VHF 41.4 -36 -40 dB
Lower side lobe 27.5-31,9 -35 -40 dB
Upper side lobe 40.4-45 -35 -40 dB
45-100 -20 dB
2T sin' pulse and bar K rating 38,9 2 3 %
Group delay:-
Ripple 36-38 25 ns Peak
Deviation 34,5 170 ns Reference 0 @ 38,9MHz
35.15 0 ns Reference 0 @ 38.9MHz
36,9 -90 ns Reference 0 @ 38,9MHz
Spurious outputs 38,9 -46 -40 dB
Temperature coefficient of frequency -90 ppm/oC
Input pins 2 & 4 1kO//
12pF
Output pins 1 & 5 1,6kO!!
10PF
189
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
SW173
The SW173 is a TV IF filter for the European PAL standard, systems Band G, with a vision frequency of 38.9
Frequency Value
MHz Min, Typ. Max.
Colour carrier 34.5 -5 -3.5 -2 dB
Sound shelf deviation 33.1-33.5 +4/-1 +6/-3 dB
In-band level 35.5-37.4 -2 0 1 dB
In-band spot 37.4 -1 0 1 dB
In-band slope 35.5 0 -1.5 -2.5 dB wrt level at 37.4MHz
In-band ripple 35.5-37.4 0.75 1.5 dB Peak
VHF 30.9 -40 -43 dB
UHF 31.9 -43 -48 dB
Adjacent sound trap
UHF 40.4 -43 -48 dB
VHF 41.4 -40 -43 dB
Lower side lobe 27.5-3 •. 9 -36 -40 dB
45-100 -30 dB
2T sin' pulse and bar K rating 38.9 2 3 %
Group delay
Ripple 36-38 25 50 ns Peak
Deviation 34.1 400 ns Reference 0 @ 38.9M Hz
34.5 170 ns Reference 0 Cal 38.9M Hz
35.15 0 ns Reference 0 Cal 38.9MHz
36.9 -90 ns Reference 0 (al38.9MHz
37.9 -53 ns Reference 0 Cal 38.9MHz
39.9 -53 ns Reference 0 @ 38.9M Hz

Input pins 2 & 4 1.6kO//
8pF
10pF
SW200
The SW200 is a TV IF filter for the North American NTSC standard, systems M and N, with a vision carrier frequency
of 45.75MHz.
Frequency Value
Characteristics Units Conditions
MHz Min. Typ. Max.

In-band level 43-44.25 -3 0 3 dB
In-band ripple 43-44.25 0.5 1.5 dB Peak
Lower side lobe 35-39.75 -35 -40 dB
Insertion loss 19 25 dB
2T sin2 pulse and bar K rating 2 3 %
Group delay:-
Ripple 43-44.25 10 ns
Deviation 42-46 50 ns
Input pins 2 & 4 1kO//
13pF
11 pF
190
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
SW250
The SW250 is a TV IF filter for the French SECAM standard, systems Land L' , with a vision carrier frequency of
327MHz
Frequency Value
MHz Min. Typ. Max.

Colour carrier region 37 -2 0 1 dB
38 -3 -6 -9 dB
In-band level 34.5-36 -2 0 2 dB
In· band ripple 34.5-36 0.5 1 dB Peak
Own sound
UHF 39.2 -43 -46 dB
VHF 43.85 -43 -46 dB
Lower side lobe 26-31.2 -36 -40 dB
40.7-45 -36 -40 dB
45-90 -30 dB
Group delay:-
Ripple 34.5-36 10 ns
Deviation 34.5-36 10 50 ns
Small signal impedance
Input pins 2 & 4 1.6k all
10pF
Output pins 1 & 5 1.2k n//
11 pF
SW400
The SW400 is a TV IF filter for the Australian PAL standard, systems Band G, with a vision carrier frequency of
36.875MHz.
Characteristic Frequency Value

Units Conditions
MHz Min. Typ. Max.

Colour carrier 32.445 -7 -3 -1 dB
In-band level 33.475-
35.375 -3 0 2 dB
In band ripple 33.475-
35.375 0.5 1.5 dB Peak
VHF 28.875 -36 -40 dB
UHF 29.875 -38 -45 dB
Adjacent sound trap
VHF 28.375 -38 -45 dB
UHF 39.375 -36 -40 dB
Lower side lobe 25.0-
29.875 -35 -40 dB
Upper side lobe 38.375-
43.0 -35 -40 dB
Group delay
Ripple 32.5-35.375 25 ns
Deviation 32.445 175 ns Reference 0 (it 36.875MHz
34.125 0 ns
34.875 -80 ns
Temperature ·coefficient of frequency -90 ppm/DC
Input pins 2 & 4 1 kO//
12pF
Output pins 1 & 5 1.6k all
10pF
191
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
SW450
The SW450 is a TV IF filler forthe South African PAL standard. system I. with a vision carrier frequency of 38.9MHz.
Frequency Value
MHz Min. Typ. Max.
In-band level 35.5-37.4 -3 0 2 dB
In-band ripple 35.5-37.4 0.5 1.5 dB Peak
Lower side lobe 25.8-30.9 -36 -40 dB
Group delay:-
Ripple 35.5-37.4 10 ns
Deviation 35.5-37.4 25 50 ns
Input pins 2 & 4 1 k011
12pF
Output pins 1 & 5 1.6kOII
10pF

Storage temperature _25°C to +85°C
Operating. temperature -10°C to +70°C
Pin to pin voltage 30V (short term)
10V (continuous)
Pin to case voltage 100V
192
5VV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
TYPICAL AMPLITUDE RESPONSES
-10
-20
""o -30
....J
-40
SW 150
-50
-60
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
Frequency (MHz)
8 Plessey
-10
-20
""o -30
....J
-40
-50
_60L-....l-~L-~~~~L-....l-~ __L--L~~L--L~__L--L~__L--L~--....l
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
e Plessey
Frequency (MHz)
193
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
-10
II
II -30
o
oJ
-40
-50
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
e Plessey
Frequency (MHz)
-10
II
II -30
o
oJ
-40
-50
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
e Plessey
·Frequency (MHz)
194
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/4&O
-10
-20
(,l
(,l -30
o
.J
-40
-50
36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
Frequency (MHz)
S Plessey
-10
(,l
(,l -30
o
.J
-40
-50
26 C?8 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Frequency (MHz)
S Plessey
195
SVV150/153/170/173/200/250/400/450
-10
-20
""o -30
...J
-40
-50
-60 ~-'---'-----,-----,------"~~-----"------,--....L.:..:..:..~~---'--
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
8 Plessey
Frequency (MHz)
-10
-20
"
o" -30
...J
-40
-50
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
8 Pl essey
Frequency (MHz)
196
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUITS
TBA120S
UMmNG IF AMPUFIERlFM DETECTOR
The TBA 1205 is a symmetrical a·stage limiting amplifier

with a symmetrical coincidence demodulator and remote
DC volume control. The circuit is especially suited for the
EARTH[~PINPUT
sound I F section of TV receivers and for FMII F
amplification/demodulation in FM radio receivers.
lIP BIAS[ l II PF:::eOBACK BIAS
An auxiliary circuit, consisting of a transistor with free
FREE COLLECTOR [ I 'I PZENER DIP
base and collector and a 12V Zener diode, is also
FREE BASE [ 4 H P+ 'Ie SUPPLY
incorporated on the chip. The transistor can be used as an

VOLUME CONTROL [ 5 fa p LIM. AMP O/P2
AF preamplifier (lc<5mA) or as a bass/treble switch using

LIM. AMP OIP I [ • I P TUNED eeT
voltage·controlled on/off switching of an R·C circuit.

TUNED CC1[ 7 • P AUDIO O/P
The Zener diode can be used to stabilize the chip supply

voltage or that of other circuits in the system (lz<15mAl. DP14 OP14
The TBA 1205 is supplied in two group variants, with
F;g. 1 Pin connections
volume as the parameter. A decrease in volume of 30 dB
requires a resistor between pin 5 and earth with a value
depending on the group number as shown in the following
table. The group number is printed on the package.
FEATURES
III Outstanding Limiting Qualities

III High AM Suppression
Group III IV II Wide Supply Voltage Range
II Low External Component Count
RS(km 2.1-2.S 2.4-2.9
APPLICATIONS
IiII TV Sound Systems

III FM Rad io Receivers
1------ II FM Tuners
I
I
I
III Supply VOltage\: + 12V (Typ)

I?I Operating Frequency: Up to 12MHz
_____1 III Current Consumption: 14mA (Typ.)
,,~A"P
OIPI
III I F Voltage Gain: 68dB (Typ.)
II AF Output Voltage: 1.1 V r.m.s. (Typ.)
II Volume Control Range: 70dB (Typ.)
I!I Second Source Availability
Fig. 2 SBA 120S block diagr8m
197
TBA120S
Test Condition. (unle.. otherwise stated):

Vee = +12V
TA =+25°C
f= 5.5MHz
~f = ±50kHz
f mod = 1kHz
Value
Characteristics Symbol Units Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Amplifier/demodulator
Frequency range f 0 12 MHz
IF voltage gain V6N 14 Gv 68 dB
IF output voltage Vopp 250 mV Limiting each output
AF output voltage VAF 1.1 V r.m.s. Vj=10mV, 0=45, K=4%
0.55 V r.m.S. Vj=10mV, 0=20, K=l%
Input voltage at start of limiting Vlim 30 60 p.V 0=45
Input impedance Zj 15/6 40/4.5 kU/pF
Output resistance (pin 8) Ro 2.6 kU
Volume control range VAF max 70 dB
VAF mjn
DC component of olp signal Va 7.3 V Vj=O
AM suppression aAM 45 55 dB Vj=500p.V, m=30%
Potentionmeter resistance R5
-ldB down 3.7 4.7 kU
-7OdBdown 1.0 1.4 kU
Control voltage V5
-ldB down 2.4 2.6 V
-70dB down 1.3 V
Total current requirement Icc 10 14 18 mA R5 = 00
12 16 20 mA Rs = 0
Auxiliary circuit
Zener voltage V12 12.5 13.5 14.5 V 112 = 5mA

Zener resistance Rz 30 U
Transistor breakdown voltage BVeEo 13 V 14=O,13=500p.A
Current gain hFE 30 - 13=lmA
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Zener current, 112

u, Continuous: 15mA
Max. 1 min: 20mA
Supply voltage Vee: 18V Volume control voltage, Vs: 4V
Operating temperature _10°C to +70°C Collector current, 13: 5mA
Storage temperature _25°C to +125°C Current 14: 2mA
Total power dissipation, Ptot Shunt resistance R13/14: ..;; lkU
Continous: 400mW
Max. 1 min: 500mW
198
TBA120S
0
V ° /"
0
V <f- ' !'" I
: tOmv
I V
I I-
1/
6.f:
I :
SOkHz
5·5~Hz
/
-2 II
° I
20
J
m
:." V
,f-
-)
° /
0
/
°
vee ~
'.
-+-T-
12 V
"
I • 10m'"
J
~::> II ", • 50kHz
• 5'Slo4Hz 1/
-S 0
o o
o::> " I
§ f--
::>
" -, ° I - " 60
1_
I- - l - t- V-.
10 I 10
r-r- t'-.
II t-- ----
- 8o,,O-L......L.··
10 -- 1\
_.
20 2·5
. 4
CONTROL VOLTAGE Vs IVI Rs lkll.l
Fig. 3 Volume control voltage characteristic Fig. 4 Volume control resistance characteristic
- - t-- 6~.'N;UT ..
!
I 6 r-,-
AI' :SOkHz
- f - t- PINS ole
I
/ - t-.. - _.. r- t---
-- c - - L
.Sf-- -_ .. - / , \ ._. _. .. ... _-
~ vee: 12 ....
j k ol:7%.Cal-SnV
/1 I
1\ .
•• :!50kHz
: 5.5MHJ.
If 4 "- II I
I'-- k:l.7'I.C:l.SnF
r- r-I- I Y' ++~ --t--

~'18%.C""'FI2'2kl\/
_L f-.
t"
,
"g
° v ,
1-
U
t--- f - t- 1/ / ~ t - r-
/ VA Z
~
~o ~'1%.c'fiaDPF{I'8k
.o
0:
g '\
r-
\
o
o::>
" 0
.,
II V V
V l/ :/
.L V 2
f\ '"
1"'-
k=I.!i'/. C =InF/2.2.k1l.
1t:)"oC }680pL.kAI
/ l-/ . I"-
V I
0 ~ 50 -4 0 ~ 20
"SUPPLY VOLTAGE "eeIV! " 20
AUDIO OUTPUJ LEVEL VAF RElATIvE "
TO MAl(, O/PldB!
Fig. 5 Audio output v. supply voltage

Fig.·6 Distortion factor (k) as a function of audio output voltage
VAF
199
TBA120S
" Ii I
,
r---....
" V
, /
. v
I-
v
/ l'-
. /' I
,
1/ V
,
,
10"2
.' ,,'
INPUT VOLTAGE Vj
,,'
(mY I
,,' ,,'
Fig. 7 AM suppression characteristics
Frequency Filler
(Murale Type No)
R(m
(MHz)
Fig. 8 Recommended application circuit, 5.5MHz
S.O SFES.OMB 470
5.5 SFE5.5MB 680
Fig. 9 Application circuit using ceramic filter. (For good 4.5 SFE4.5MB 1k
selectivity. the ceramic filter should be combined with an LC [>
circuit)
:~
,,~
Fig. 10 Circuit diagram
200
CONSUMER
1V CIRCUITS
TBA120T TBA120U
FM IF AMPUFIER AND DEMODULATOR
The TBA120T and TBA120U are symmetrical 8·stage connection of video recorders and headphones, together
limiting amplifiers with symmetrical coincidence with an audio input for video recorder playback.
demodulator and remote DC volume control. The circuits The audio output voltage is at constant level with supply
are especially suitable for the sound IF section of TV voltages between 10 and 18V and is of the same level as the
receivers and for FM/IF amplification/demodulation in FM TBA 120S operating from a 15V supply.
radio receivers. An additional audio output is provided at The devices are insensitive to supply voltage hum, and
constant level (before the volume control) for the there is therefore little need for smoothing capacitors.
FEATURES
• Outstanding Limiting Qualitites IF IiPnOWL 2
II High AM Suppression AUDi() lIP

]
T8A120r
" UNHI (;l!ll\llll ,\lJ()ll) (lIP
II
I
HfF. VOLIAGlO/P vee
Wide Supply Voltage Range t TBA120u II
VOLUME C<lNTilOL lD D(M()[)ULAIOH
II Low External Component Count CUMPUNENTS
LlEMODULATOR.j
II Low Intermodulation due to I F Voltage COMPONENTS 8 RfGUL:\ 1 [0 AUDIO DIP
II No Selection for Volume Control "l.-_--T DP14

Characteristic Necessary Fig. 1 Pin connections
II Designed for use with Ceramic Filters
(TSA 120T only)
APPLICATIONS
.. TV Sound Systems
.. FM Radio Receivers
III FM Tuners
,Vee VAF
r-l~mr-~------------------------------Ir3------------------c:;;=-J---------"'·~-¢15::'"'
I • VAF
I REGULATEO
I IAFTER Y'OLUME
1" CONTROL
, _______ -1
V,,,:4-8V
PI ONLY TSA 1201

121 ONLY TBAI20U
Fig. 2 Block diagram

201
TBA 120T/TBA 120U
Test condition. (unless otherwise statedl:

Vee = 12V
Tamb = +25°C
V.lue
Characteristic Symbol Units Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Total current consumption ICC 9.5 13.5 17.5 mA

IF voltage gain V.N I. Gv 68 dB /iF =5.5MHz
Output voltage with limiting at each
output 250 mVp·p
Output impedance Pin 8 Rs ·1.1 kf!
Pin 12 RI1 1.1 kf!
Input impedance R3 2 kf!
Internal impedance R, 12 f!
DC level of output signal IV in = 0) V. 4 V Vin = 0
VI' 5.6 V
Stabilized voltage V. 4.2 4.8 5.3 V
Residual IF voltage without deemphasis V. 20 mV
VI' 30 mV
AF gain IAF not regulated) V.N3 7.5
Regulation at certain ratio of divider VAF/. 20 28 36 dB R•. s = 5kf!. RS • I = 13kf!
Range of volume control VAFmax 70 85 dB
(referred to pin 8) VAFmin
Resistance Isee note 1) R•. s 1 10 kf!
Input voltage for limitation Vinlim 30 60 I1 V IIF = 5.5 MHz, t:.f = ± 50kHz,
Imod = 1kHz
Hum suppression V.N II 35 dB
VI,/V II 30 dB
TBA 120T only:
Input impedance Zin 800#5 f!#pF flF = 5.5 Mhz
AM suppression aAM 50 60 dB /i F = 5.5 MHz, t:./ = ±50kHz,
Vin = 500I1V'/mod = 1kHz,
m=30%
AF output voltage Va, 650 900 mV /iF = 5.5 MHz, t:./ = ±50kHz,
VI1 400 650 mV Imod=lkHz
TBA 120U only:
Input impedance Zin 15#6 4()Q4.5 kf!#pf IIF = 5.5 MHz
AM suppression aAM 50 60 dB IIF = 5.5 MHz, t:.1 = ±50kHz,
V in = 500pV, Imod = 1kHz,
m=30%
AF output voltage V.olf 850 1200 mV IIF = 5.5 MHz, t:.f = ±50kHz,
V in = 500pV, Imod = 1kHz,
V 1201f 600 1000 mV a. ""45, k = 4%
Harmonic distortion k 1 % II F = 5.5 MHz, t:.1 = ±50kHz,
V in = 10mV, fmod = 1kHz,
a. ""20
NOTE
1. If DC volume control is not used, pin 4 must be connected direct to pin 5.
Supply voltage Vee 18V Reference voltage O/P current, I. 5mA

Operating ambient temperature, Tam b -10 to +65°C IF input resistance, R,3 . 1 • ITBAI20U) .;;; lkf!
Storage temperature, Tstg -55 to +125°C Range of supply operation, Vee 10to lBV
Total power dissipation, Ptot 400mW Frequency range, I Oto 12 MHz
Volume control voltage, V s 6V
202
TBA120T/TBA 120U
11' r"TEO
.Vee AF AF
100 c-- ).22,.
CDA 6-0M(
OR
COli. 5'S"'C
IBAI'OU IBAI'Cl
NOTES
1. This 820n resistor is not necessary for the TBA 120T. when uSing the SFE 5.5MB
2. Omittinq the 47J1F capacitor on pin 11 changes volume control range
3. Ll: 00""73
4. L2: 00 "'40
Fig. 3 Recommended application circuit
'0 I 1
i i 1
"
k- f-- - I ..- "
--
~
A ,/
" I J.- ~f- V
i
{ 1
V'2
V ---- I
., I i 1 1_
r-.~COMMENDED RANGE~_
I
I
I
OF OPERATING VOlTAc;,E
I I I-
I
"
'0'111111
OdB i 770mV~tI
"'11 (III
Fig. 4 Z voltage v. supply voltage Fig. 5 AF output voltage v. supply voltage Fig. 6 Total current consumption
v. supplV vOltage
.>0
4' . ~ SOk HZ. k. I.S'" I AF - OUTPUT \'OLTAGE
WITH DEEMPHASIS
'OAF I 1I"!5DltHl . . . 3'J. WITH DEEMTASIS
11
." .90/, -60 I'~ -~o 9 ~
." ~OO::p"
Ij
.6~[ -SO V·70 \ ·30 -20 -10 dB v,
."/ -70 ·lO ·lO
.>0 - : : V,_
V ,\1 I. :r WIT~200m'... AT ''" , , -

·20 ~M- L'PPR~SSIO~ ·lO
I. !25kHI. II.'" OEEMPHlslS
·lO V t-- II ·lO 1/ AM· SUPPRESSION 1

"U"- ~
V ,~ I
i--
t--
f- t--- . I'\. m. ~O'r. f- I -
" 1
m.1I0'!,
.5O
\ \ 1\ 1
I-- l -
I\. \ \ II m. ,' ' ' '
·10 ~ ~
;tOlSj ·00
I'.. l NOISE
30llV
I
t--.: 301''1 "-L
~-
m.O
m.O
f-- tOdj'hffl
-100 iii
'mod' 1kHz -
.,,,, 1
Oel8.770mV,n
(T8A 720U onlyl (T8A 720U onlyl
Fig. 1 AF output voltage and noise voltage v. input voltage (input Fig. 8 AF output voltage and noise voltage v. input voltage (input
Murata SFE 5.5MB! 60n impedance, broadband)
203
TBA120T/TBA120U
Il
.. " " "-J" " "

61 • ~ SOkHl, k .3'!. AF- OUTPUT VmlAGE
10
\,:~I, - _V, 10
/~ \ .L1UION
.10
-
·20
I
I~ J
! ."
.~ " I- l /I~~~~E MEASURING AMPLIFIER)
.
." \1\ I I I I
!
:' ."
.'- Ii NOISE •"r"
\
"' - T I - m.30'"
I '\\
OdB, UNf8,900mlJ ACR~SS IFIP.'N "\_____
." 'mod alkHz

-..... 1
\ OdS. v"F8' !-IS'"
."
-100
WITH COA S'S ~C
WITH IOEETHAr
\
,
3011"
m.O \
'" --1- "
i I I I
-liD -'00 ·90 -80 -70 ·60 ·0;,0 -40 -30 -20 -10 10 20
(TBA 120T only) AVAF IdB)
Fig. 9 AF output voltage (pin 8), noise voltage and harmonic Fig. 10 Harmonic distortion v. volume control
distortion v. input voltage.
I AF
32~~' '~,9'
I" I", ' I ~
"
'~~"1 v~
1
o " '" .
,v'
./ -T I v, . r-
1 1 nJ v,
·20
V 1 1 VPo!
V , , ·20
." r-- r-- /
m
/ r-- r--
". ."."
~
/
V ,o. - r-- /
."
Vi across IF
-
". - -
- /
~ ~.
. ., - -
r;- UJINIJ
I I
WITH ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR " .. F
I I
I
/
-100
·110
o OS '·5
FROM PIN 11 10 GROUND
2 2.0;, 1 l·S ~ L·S

I
5 Vii
I
6 6-S 7 70S
/
R.lknl
Fig. 12 AF output voltage (pin 8) v. voltage feeding into pin 5
Fig. 11 AF output voltage (pin 8) v. potentiometer resistance and V,RF = 60mVe ff, flF = 5,5 MHz, bf = ±150kHz, fmod =
v. ratio of resistances 1kHz. Vee = 18V
VIDEO-RECORDER
'" "'
f'
Function:
When switching voltage applied, the emitter follower

(BC238J on the output is blocked and the buffer stage
m BAIl7 "" (BC308l is switched on. It includes a pre·emphasis to balance
"'co " the de--emphasis at the AF output. The I F amplifier is put out
~2211
of operation by the diode, BA127, and the 47kf! resistor.
( •• 10'1) The remote controllable volume regulator in the TBA120T!U
~ lJ8
Be
~
is used for recording and playback.
""i~
"'0 8C308
11
'o----!i'" .
~
SOCKET (1) SWITCHING VOLTAGE:FOR PLAYBACK .12'1

1I·2k FOR INPUT Ne
8o.-r1'4 1·8k
SOCKET (Ll SIMULTANEOUS INPUT ANO OUTPUT FOR AF
'" "
"
IT (1"
AF AMPLIFIER
Fig. 13 Circuit for direct connection to video recorders
204
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUITS
TBA440 NIp
VIDEO IF AMPUFIER DEMODULATOR
The TBA440 (TBA440N for NPN tuners, TBA440P for

PNP tuners) comprises a high-gain regulated video IF IF IIP(D1FFERENTIALI 1 IF liP (DIFFEAENTtAL)
amplifier, a controlled demodulator and 'two low-resistance DECOUPLING :2 OECOUPllNG
video outputs with positive and negative signal as well as ov 3 WHITE LEVEL PRESET
the complete key control and delayed tuner control. CONTROL VOLTAGE QECOUPlING, 13 v"
T8A 440
TUNER AGe s 12
:} VIDEO DIPs
TUNER AGe THRESHOLD CONTROL e.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS GATING PULSE liP 7 SYNC. lEVEL CONTROL
DEMODULATOR TUNING 8 DEMODULATOR TUNING

Supply voltage steady 15V
transitory DP16
16.5V
Voltage at pin 5 20V Fig_ 1 Pin connections
Voltage at pin 4 5V
FEATURES
Voltage at pin 14 5V
•••
Operating ambient temperature -10° to +60°C Complete Video I F in one Ie
Total power dissipation
High Sensitivity
at T amb ';; 55°C 700mW
20n Positive and Negative Video Signals
••
Ohmic resistance between pins 8 and 9
Gated AGC and Delayed AGC for Tuner
White and Black Levels Separately Adjustable
• Ability to Control PI N Diode Attenuators
VIDEO
OUTPUTS
11--,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
9 }CEIo400ULATOR
I TUNING
~--------------'~
I
5 ___ L _ _ _ ..oL _______ 7 __ JI
CONTROL TUNER TUNER 011 GATING
VOLTAGE AGe AGe PlJLSE
DECOUPLING THRESI-fJLO INPUT
Fig. 2 TBA440 block diagram
205
TBA440N / TBA440P

Tamb = +25°C
Vee = +13V
Reference point is pin 3 (OV)
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage, Vee 13 10.5 13 15 V

Current consumption 13 28 40 52 mA Vee = 15V
DC output voltage 11 4.1 5.1 6.1 V Vin = OV, RI4 = 00
11 6.2 V Vin=OV,RI4=0
12 05 1.1 1.8 V V in = OV, RI4 = 00
12 2.5 V V in =OV, RI4 =0
White level deviation
IWll Il;V I 3 11, 13 0.15
l;VI 2/l;VI 3 12,13 0.05
Resistance R14-3 for l;VII = 1'1 14 3 1 kn
AGC threshold V 10 = sync pulse
level for RI 0-1.1 = 0 10,11 1.2 V VIO = Vll
Regulating slope R I o_ II Nll 10, 11 4.5 knN
Sync. pulse level with async. or
without gating pulses 11 0.2 V
Control current for tuner pre ar}ip.· , 5 10 i5 mA Vs > 2V, 10dB after AGC (TBA440P)
10d8 before AGC (TBA440N)
I F control voltage for max gain 4 0 0.5 V
for min gain 4 2.5 5 V
Gating pulse voltage 7 -2 -5 V
Residual I F voltage 11, 12 50 mV
Output current to earth 11,12 5 mA
Output current to V I 3 11, 12 -1 mA
Input impedance at max gain 1 1.8#2 kn#pF
at min gain 1 1.9#0 kn#pF
Input voltage for VII = 3V POp 1 100 }1V Input 60n via 3:5 transformer
Video bandwidth 7 MHz
AGC range 52 58 dB
Intermodulation 55 dB Input 0.3 to 1.5V POp
16
II
" II
" ~
IS HH-+++-+-H-+++-l
/
.
10
~ ;; I-iH4+-f-+ :~~:,::
-
u.
,/
Vl1 =]V
~ 1.0 ( :3SMHz
z 1-+-
VCC: 15V ~H-++-f-+ RGRSOOA
I .. 36t.4Hz
,--roo
.61 • 3104Hz f-+-
RG = soon. t--t-- o·,I-iH-++-+-+-H-++-H
, I
OO~~IO=t~20~=,tO:t~~=t~'~O~60'
I
0
HI 20 30 '0
AttENUATION IdBI " ATTENUATION (dBI
Fig. 3 Noise figure v. attenuation Fig. 4 Control voltage v. attenuation

(measured at video frequency)
206
TBA440N / TBA440P
20 20
"'\ , \
18
:?~
16
I ---/ ./
I I
"
'\ .......
........ --r-. '\
\ \
\
11
;;
1,0 .s 10
RS:Uk 2,Sk 1·9k 1-4k O'15k 0
R6,e'Ok 5·5k 4-Sk ). 9k loOk 0
o
o 10 -zo 30 40 SO 60
I
10 20
\ i \.- \.
30 400 50
\
60
ATTENUATION (dBI ATTENUATION IdB)
Fig. 5 Tuner control current v. attenuation with R6 as parameter Fig. 6 Tuner control current v. attenuation with f!6 as parameter
(TBA440P) (TBA440N)
I
TUNER DU ....My I
~~'-~21
~. ~1rtl21~ 1221
t-;t-~!.-..t--C'-'-h
". IJ; L2
I 39p
FOR CCIR ONLY
,--------------_._------------ -_._---
~'II- - - - - . --~-~---
I
ZF , 11 TBA440P FOR PNP JU',ER - ... -. • [21
I:O,TUNER:MAX GAIN! t 1'2k 1·21<
l:l0mA !TUNER"MIN GAIN! +
• 21 TBA 4LON FOR NPN TUNER
I hl0mA [TUNER MAX GAINI

I:OITUNER: MIN GAIN!
PNP TUNER PREAtoIP NPN TUNER PREAMP
Fig. 7 IF application with TBA440P or TBA440N for CCIR standard (values in brackets for U.S. standard)
207
/
208
CONSUMER
TVCIRCUrrs
TBA530
RGB MATRIX PRE-AMPUFIER
The TBAS30 is an integrated R-G-B matrix

pre-amplifier for colour television receivers incorporating a
matrix pre-amplifier for R-G-B cathode or grid drive of OUTPUT LOAD
RESISTOR(BLUESIGNAt! ! - 1& BLUE SIGNAL OUTPUT
the picture tube without clamping circuits. The chip layout
-IB-YlINPUT 2 BLUE CHANNEL fEEDBACK
has been designed to ensure tight thermal coupling between
-!a-V! INPuT 1 OUTPUT LOAD RESISTOR (GREEN SIGNAL}
all transistors in each channel to minimise thermal drifts
- (R-Y\INPUT ~~~ \l GREEN SIGNAL OUTPUT
between channels. Also, each channel follows an identical L
LUMINANCE INPUT [ 5 12 GREEN CHANNEL FEEDBACK

layout to ensure equal frequency behaviour of the three
channels. ov [ , OUTPUT LOAD RESISTOR (REO SIGNAU
CURRENT FEED POINT 7 10 RED SIGNAl OUTPuT

This integrated circuit has been designed to be driven
Vee RED CHANNEL feEDBACK
from the TBAS20 synchronous demodulator integrated ~_....J'
circuit.
OP16
Supply voltage, Vee 13.2V
Supply currents:-
11 = 111 = 114 max 10mA
11 0 = 11 3 = 11 6 max SOmA' QUICK REFERENCE DATA
at Tamb = 60°C, PTOT 400mW' • Supply Voltage (Nominal) 12V
Storage temperature -SS to +12SoC • Total Supply Current
Operating ambient temperature -10 to +60°C (Nominal) 30mA
At increased voltages due to external failures (e.g., • Operating Ambient
collector-base breakdown in the output transistors) a Temperature Range -10 to +60°C
maximum current of SOmA is permitteq between • Gain of Luminance and
pins 16 and 8, 13 and 8, 10 and 8. The maximum . Colour-difference Channels
permissible power dissipation is then SOOmW . (Typ.) 100
., 11 10

209
TBA530
Test conditions (unless otherwise stated):-

Vee = +12V, Tomb =+25°C
Black level: VR_Y = VG_Y = VB_Y = 7.5V
Vy = 1.5V
Reference = pin 6
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Gain of colour channels (B-Y,

G-Y, R-Y) G2 100 -
G3 100 - f = 0.5M Hz (see note 1)
G4 100 -
Ratio of gain of luminance
amplifier to colour amplifiers 0.9 1.1 -
DC output voltages VR 140 V
VG 140 V See note 2
VB 140 V
I nput resistance of colour
difference amplifiers R2 60 kfl
R3 60 kfl f = 1kHz
R4 60 kfl
I nput capacitance of colour
difference amplifiers C2 3 pF
C3 3 pF f = lMHz
C4 3 pF
Input resistance of luminance
Qrnplifier Rs 20 kfl f = 1kHz
Input capacitance of luminance
amplifier Cs 10 pF f = lMHz
3dB bandwidth of all channels B 6 MHz
Total current drain IT'OT 30 mA
NOTES
1. G is defined as the voltage ratio between the input signals at the pins 2, 3, 4 and the output signals at the collectors of the output
tran!;istors.
2. At.the collectors of the output transistors. The value of this voltage is also dependent on the external circuitry.
r-
I
" " 10'
-,
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
., .
I
I'
I
L_ r-~r-_-_~~~_-_~~ __
TBA 530 :
~_J
OV 'I:c
Fig. 3 TBA530 circuit diagram
210
TBA530
-8 OUTPUT -G OUTPUT - R OUTPUT

lODV B-W 100V B-W 10010' B·W
200j.lH
r-----~r_--4_------------~------~--~------------~------~--_+----r_~~--o+200V
~,Ik !In ,,.

5'5W S-5W ssw
-IG-Y) Y SIGNAL
IV B-W
Fig. 4 Typica/application diagram
211
TBA530
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 10. Red signal output (green and blue signal outputs on 13
and 16)
Pin These pins are internally connected with pins 11, 14
and 1 respectively via zener type junctions to give a DC
1. Output load resistor, blue signal level shift appropriate for driving the output transistor
(Also pins 11 and 14 for red and green signals bases directly. To by-pass the Zener junctions at HF
respectively.) Resistors (47kQ, lW) connected to three 10nF capacitors are required.
+200V provide the high value loads for the internal 11. Output load resistor, red channel (see pin 1).
amplifying stages. The nominal operating potential on
12. Green channel feedback (see pin 9).
these pins is defined by the IC and the DC feedback
and is approximately +SV. The maximum current 13. Green signal output (see pin 10).
which can be allowed at each of these pins is 10mA. 14. Output load resistors, green channel (see pin 1).
2. -(S- Y) input signal lS. Blue channel feedback (see pin 9).
This signal is fed via a low·pass filter from the TSAS20 16. Blue signal output (see pin 10).
demodulator IC (pin 7) having a DC level of about
OPERATING NOTES
+7.5V. The input resistance for this pin is typically
60kQ with an input capacitance of less than SpF Careful attention to earth paths should be given,
(similarly for pins 3 and 4). avoiding common impedances between the input (decoder)
3. -(G-Y) input signal side and the output stages. Also, to enable matched
The DC black level of this signal is about +7.SV. (See performance to be achieved, a symmetrical board and
pin 2.) component layout should be adopted for the three output
4. -(R-Y) input signal stages. To compensate for the effect upon HF response of
The DC black level of th is signal is about +7 .SV. (See inevitable differences the compensating capacitors C, and
pin 2.) C2 and C3 may be appropriately selected for any given
S. Luminance signal input board layout.
The signal black level at the collectors of the R-G-B
The DC level on this pin for picture black is +1.6V.
output stages depends upon the + 12V supply, the DC level
The required signal amplitude is 1 V black·to·white
of the colour difference signals from the TSAS20
with negative-going syncs (or blanking) for cathode
demodulator IC and the black level potential of the
drive as shown. The input resistance at this pin is 20kQ
luminance signal applied to the TBAS30 matrix IC. The DC
approximately with a capacitance of less than lSpF.
levels of the signals produced and handled by the IC's are
6. Negative supply (earth). designed to have approximately proportional tracking with
7. Current feed point the 12V supply potential,
A current of approximately 2.SmA is required at this
pin, fed via a 3.9kQ resistor from +12V, to bias the . leN (DC level, signal) ~ Vnom (DC level, signal)
internal differential amplifiers. A decoupling capacitor I.e., IN12V - 12
of 4. 7n F is necessary.
To ensure that changes in picture black level due to
S. Positive 12V supply variations on the lev supply to the IC's occur in a
Maximum supply voltage permitted, 13.2V. Current predictable way, all the IC's should be operated from a
consumption approximately 30mA. common supply line. This is specially important for the
9. Red channel feedback (green channel, pin 12; blue TBAS20 and TBAS30. Furthermore, to limit the changes in
channel, pin 15) picture black level during receiver operation, the 12V
The DC working points and gains of both the output supply should have a stability of not worse than ±3% due to
stages and the IC amplifier stages are stabilised by the operational variations.
feedback circuits. The black level potentials at the To reduce the possibility of patterning on the picture
collectors of the output stages (tube cut-off) are due to radiation of the harmonics of the products of the
adjusted by setting correctly the DC levels of the demodulation process, the leads carrying the drive signals to
colour difference signals produced by the TBAS20 the picture tube should be as short as the receiver layout
demodulator IC. The gains of the R-G-B output will allow. Resistors (typically 1.5kQ connected in series
stages are adjusted to give the correct white points with the leads and mounted close to the collectors of the
setting on the picture tube by adjusting the output transistors provide useful additional filtering of
potentiometers in the feedback paths (RV1, RV2). harmonics.
212
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUITS
TBA540
REFERENCE COMBINATION
The TBA540 is an integrated reference oscillator circuit

for colour television receivers incorporating an automatic
phase and amplitude controlled oscillator employing a OSCILLATOR FEEDBACK liP ~~Dov
quartz crystal, together with a half-line frequency AEACTANCE CONTROL STAGE FEEDBACK 1 ISp OSCILLATOR FEEDBACK
synchronous demodulator circuit. The latter compares the Vee J " P 1,

P DC CONTROL POINTS FOR
OSCILLATOR PHASE CONTROL
phases and amplitude of the swinging burst ripple and the REFEAENCE WAVEFORM DiP
I. TBA 540 13 ,LOOP
PAL flip-flop waveform, and generates appropriate ACe, 8URSTWAVEFQRM liP \ 12 ~ ACe LEVEL SETTING ISEE PIN 10)
colour killer and identification signals. The use of REFEAENCEWAVEFOAM liP , I' b Ace GAIN SETTING
synchronous demodulation for these functions permits a COLOUR KILLER O/P 1 IO~ Ace LEVEL SETTING ISEE PIN 1,1
high standard of noise immunity. PAL fLIP/FLOP SOUARE WAVE liP 6 9b Ace OIP& tDENT
DP16
III Supply Voltage, V3-16 12V (Nom.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

III Total Current Drain, 13 38mA (Typ.1 Voltages arc referred to pin 16
II R-Y Ref. Output, V 4-16 l.4Vpp (Typ.1 Electrical
II Colour Killer Output, V7-16 Supply voltage V3 (Veel 13.2V
Colour ON : 12V (Typ.1
Colour OFF: 250mV (Max. I
at Tamb = +60 o e 700mW
II ACC Output Voltage, V9.16:- Surge current, minimum
at Correct Phase of PAL Switch: +0.2 to duty cycle 10:1, 17max 50mA
+4V
at Incorrect Phase of PAL Switch: +4 to Temperature
+11V Storage temperature, T st _55°C to +125°e
Operating temperature, 'ram b -lOoe to +60 oe
~-+-+-+--4"

213
TBA540

Vee (V3) = +12V, Tamb = +25°C, Vs = 1.5Vp·p burst, Va = 2.5Vp·p PAL square wave.
Voltages referred to pin 16
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Output Signals
B· Y reference signal output 4 1 1.4 2 Vp·p
Colour killer output 7
colour 'on' 12 V
colour 'off' 100 250 mV
ACC output signal range 9
at correct phase of PAL switch +4 to +0.2 V
at incorrect phase of PAL switch +4 to +11 V
Oscillator Section (Amplifier)
Input resistance 15 3.5 kn
Input capacitance 15 5 pF
Voltage gain, G1S.l 15·1 4.7
Reactance Control Section
Voltage gain, G1S.2 15·2 1.3 Pins 13 and 14 interconnected
Rate of change of gain with phase
- difference between burst
15·2 5 rad-I
and reference signal, LlG 1S. 2
---
L\rp5·4
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 5. Burst Waveform Input

Functions listed by pin number
A burst waveform amplitude of 1.5V peak·to·peak is
1, Oscillator Feedback Output required to be AC coupled to this pin. The amplitude of the
The crystal receives its energy from this pin. The output burst will normally be controlled by the adjustment and
impedance is approximately 2kn in parallel with 5pF. operation of the ACC circuit. The input impedance at this
pin is approximately lkn and a threshold level of 0.7V
2. Reactance Control Stage Feedback must be exceeded before the burst signal becomes effective.
This pin is fed internally with a sinewave derived from A DC bias of 400mV is internally derived for pin 5.
the reference output (pin 4) and controlled in amplitude by The absolute level of the tip of the burst at pin 5 will
the internal reactance control circuit. The phase of the normally reach 1.5V.
feedback from pin 2 to the crystal via Cl is such that the
value of Cl is effectively- increased. Pin 2 is held internally 6. Reference Waveform Input
at a very low impedance therefore the tuning of the crystal This pin requires a reference waveform in the ·(B·Y)
is controlled automatically by the amplitude of the phase, derived from pin 4 via a bifilar transformer (see
feedback waveform and its influence on the effective value pin 4), to drive the internal balanced reactance control
ofCl. stage. A DC connection between pins 4 and 6 must be made
3. Positive l2V Supply via the transformer.
The maximum voltage must not exceed 13.2V. 7. Colour Killer Output
4. Reference Waveform Output This pin is driven from the collector of an internal
switching transistor and requires an external load resistor
This pin is driven internally by the regenerated (typically 10kn) conhected to +12V. The unkilled and
subcarrier waveform in B·Y phase. (The output is in B·Y killed voltages on this pin are then +12V and <250 mV
rather than R· Y phase as the burst phase network produces respectively. (The voltage range on pin 9 over which
a lag of 90° of the burst applied to pin 5.) An output switching of the colour killed output on pin 7 occurs is
amplitude of nominally 1.4V peak·to·peak is produced at nominally +2.5V.)
low impedance. No DC load to earth is required. A DC
connection between pins 4 and 6 is, however, necessary via 8, PAL Flip-Flop Square Wave Input
the bifilar coupling inductor. The function of this inductor A 2.5V peak·to·peak square wave derived from the PAL
is to produce, on- pin 6, a signal of equal amplitude and flip·flop (in the TBA520 or TBA990 demodulator IC) is
opposite phase (.)B·Y)) to that on pin 4. A centre tap on required at this pin, AC - coupled via a capacitor. The
the inductor, connected to earth via a DC blocking input impedance is about 3.3kn.
capacitor, is therefore necessary.
214
TBA540
9. ACC Output Two 2% tolerance 10k resistors with the addition of a

270n resistor at pin 13 are used in place of the previous
An emitter follower provides a low impedance output
balancing network. The 270n resistor may be modified
potential which is negative-going with a rising burst input
according to the nature of the noise that appears at pin 5.
amplitude. With zero burst input signal the DC potential
The filter network consists of R2, C2, C3 and C4. The
produced at pin 9 is set to be +4V (RV1). The appearance
DC potentials on these pins are nominally +6V.
of a burst signal on pin 5 will cause the potential on pin 9
to go in a negative direction in the event that the PAL 15. Oscillator Feedback
flip·flop is identified to be in the correct phase. The range
The input impedance at this pin is nominally 3.5kn in
of potential over which full ACC control is exercised at
parallel with 5pF. No DC connection is required on this
pin 9 is determined by the control characteristic of the
pin. The voltage gain in the Ie between pins 15 and 1 is
ACC amplifier, i.e., for the TBA560 from O.B to 1V. The
nominally 4.7 times.
potential on pin 9 will fall to a value within this range as
the burst input signal is stabilised to an amplitude of 1.5V 16. Negative Supply (earth).
peak·to·peak. The latter condition is achieved by correct
adjustment of RV2. If, however, the PAL flip·flop phase is OPERATING NOTES
wrong the potential on pin 9 will move positively. The Performance and Comments
potential divider R5, R6 will then operate a PAL switch
Initial adjustment
cut·off function in the TBA520 demodulator IC.
(a) Remove burst signal.
10. ACC Level Setting (b) Short·circuit pins 13·14. Adjust oscillator to correct
frequency by Cl.
The network connected between pins 10 and 12
(c) Set the ACC level adjustment RV1, to give +4V on
balances the ACC circuit and RV1 is· adjusted to give +4V
pin 9. Remove short circuit.
on pin 9 with no burst input signal to pin 5. C5 provides
(d) Apply burst signal.
filtering.
(e) Adjust ACC gain, RV2, to give a burst amplitude of
11. ACC Gain Control 1.5V peak·to·peak on pin 5.
RV2 is adjusted to give the correct amplitude of burst Phase lock loop performance (with crystal type
signal on pin 5 (1.5V peak·to·peak) under ACC control. 4322 1520110)
12. See Pin 10. (a) Phase difference between reference and burst signals
13. See Pin 14. for ±400Hz deviation of crystal frequency, ±10o.
(b) Typical holding range, ±600Hz. (c)
14. DC Control Points in Reference Control Loop (c) Typical pull·in range ±300Hz.
Pins 13 and 14 are connected to opposite sides of a (d) Temperature coefficient of oscillator frequency, only
differential amplifier circuit and are brought out for the 2Hz/oC maximum.
purpose of DC balancing of the reactance stage and the
connection of the bandwidth-determining filter network.
REFERENCE OUTPUTS COLOUR KILLER

B'Y R-Y - B-Y OUTPUT IT BA S60 I
2',.
21 12k
'" +1111
Hf2 INPUT
[TSA 520,1)'01
10k
)30",1
33" 220
BURS~I-'
-r-.1 ~
INPUT
J/!. ·--=;'f!:~~~lIlJ
r
BURST PHASE.
I DENT OUTPUT
11BA990t
Ace OJTPUT
ITBA560t
10k
tDENT OUTPUT
l't. IT8A5201
2'/.
.1211
",
6 311
Fig.. 3 Typical application diagram

215
216
.~! CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
TBA560 C
LUMINANCE AND CHROMINANCE COI\ITROL COMBINATION
The TBA560C is an integrated circuit for colour

television receivers incorporating circuits for the processing
and control of the luminance and chrominance signals. It
can be used in conjunction with the TBA520 or TBA990, ---;
8ALANCED CHAOMA INPUT 1
530, 540, 550 and TCABOO integrated circuits.
OC CONTRAST CONTAOL 2 1, BALANCEO CHAm.IA INPUT
The luminance part provides luminance delay line
LUMINANCE INPUT 1 l' ACC INPUT
matching, DC contrast control, black level clamp circuit,
brightness control and flyback blanking.
BLACK LEVEl CLAMP CAPACITOR , TeAS6QC " CHROMA SATURATllJN CONTROL
LUMINANCE OUTPUT ., DC FEEDBACK fOR CHROMA CHANNH

The chrominance part provides chroma amplification
BRIGHTNESS CONTROL V"
with ACC, DC chroma gain control which tracks with the
10 " BURST GATE AND CLAMPING PULSE III'
BURST OUTPUT _ __ J
contrast control, separate saturation control, burst gate,
Fl VBACK BLANKING WAVEfORM g CHROMA OUTPUT
chroma signal flyback blanking colour killer and PAL delay
line driver.
The TBA560C is not an equivalent of the TBA500 and DP16
510 although it performs similar functions to those circuits.
F;g. 1 Pin connections

Voltages are referred to pin 16
.. Supply Voltage (Nom.) IV 11.(6) 12V
Electrical
.. Supply Current (Nom) (111) 30m A
V, 1 max. Supply voltage (note 1) 13.2V
.. Luminance Signal Input Current (Typ.)
V, Oto +5V V'O min. -SV
V2 0'0 +12V (note 21 V,2 -5 to +6V 113Ip.p)) OAmA
V. o to +6V V'3 -3 '0 +6.SV (note 2) .. Luminance Output Signal at Nominal
Vs o to +3V V14 min. -SV Contrast Setting ITyp.) and Input Current as
Va -5 to +5V V,s o to +5V Above IV5-16Ip.p)) 1V (See Note 1)
Currents (positive when flowing into the integrated circuit) .. Chrominance Input Signal IMin.)
I, o to +lmA 19 -10 to OmA (V'.15Ip.p)) 4mV
13 -1 to +3mA I,Omax +3mA .. Chrominance Input Signal (Max.) V'·'5Ip·p))
15 -5 to OmA l 14 max, +lmA 80mV
IS -1 to +lmA 1'5 Oto +lmA .. Chrominance Output Signal at Nominal
I, -3 to +2.,..A
Contrast and Saturation Setting (Typ)
Ptotrnax. Total power dissipation
T amb :;: 60°C (note 1)
IV9.l6Ip-p)) lV(See Note 1)
560mW
.. Contrast Control Range ;;.20dB
T einperature
.. Saturation Control Range ;;.20dB
Storage temperature -SS"c to +12S"C
.. Burst Output (Closed ACC Loop) ITyp)
Operating ambient temperature -10"C to +60"C
(VJ.16Ip.p)) lV
Notes
1. Permissible during receiver switch on transient V 11 max. l6V.
Ptolmax. 700mW for t;;<!: 60sec.
2. V2 and V 13 musi: always be lower than V11
217
TBA560C
,r-
,,,
,
,,,
,,
:
:,
,,
,,
,,
, ,
,,,
'---0-----
I'
OY
15
" " " "
Fig. 2 TBA560C block diagram
Test Conditions (unless otherwise st.ted):

Vee =+12V, Tamb =+25°C test circuit =Fig. 6, voltages referred to pin 16
Value
CharacteriStic Pin Units Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage, Vee 11 10.8 12 13.2 V

Required I nput Signals
Chrominanceinput signal, pop value
of colour bars with 75% saturation, VI.IS 1,15 4 80 mVp·p
Luminance input current, black·to·white 3 0.4 1.5 mAp-p
Contrast control voltage range for
20dB control 2 2 3.7 5.6 V See note 1 and Fig. 3
Brightness control voltage for black
level of 1.5V at O/P 6 1.3 V See note 2 and Fig. 4
Saturation control voltage range
20dB control 13 2.7 4.4 6.2 V See note 1 and Fig. 5
Flyback blanking pulse amplitude 8
for OV blanking level at pin 5 0 -0.5 -1 V pk
for 1.5V blanking level at pin 5 -2 -2.5 -3 V pk
Burst keying (back porch) pulse
(+ve going) 10 0.05 3 mApk
Colour killer 13 0.5 1 V
Automatic chrominance control starting
level (-ve going) 14 1.2 V See note 3
Obtainable Output Signals
Luminance output voltage (black-to-white) 5 1 3 V Pop 13 = O.4mA Pop, V2 = 3.7V
Black level shift 100 mV See notes 1 and 4
Burst signal amplit~de 7 1 V Pop
Chrominance signal at nominal contrast
and saturation 9 1 V p.p See note 1
3dB bandwidth of chrominance and
luminance amplifier 5 MHz
Change of ratio of luminance to
chrom inance 2 dB Contrast control 10dB
NOTES
1. Nominal contrast or saturation:::: maximum value -6dS. Thus" the control is +6 to -14d8 on the ntlminal.
2. When V6 is increased to above l.7V, the black level of the output signal remains at 2.7V.
3. A negative-going potential provides a 26dB ACe range with negligible signal distortion, Maximum gain reduction is obtained at an input
voltage of 500mV min.
4. Black level' shift is specified as that due to changes of contrast and video content dt constant brightness setting.
218
TBA560C
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 8. Flyback Blanking Input Waveform
1. Balanced Chroma Signal Input (in conjunction with Negative going horizontal and vertical blanking pulses
pin 15) may be applied here_ If rectangular blanking pulses of not
greater than -1 V negative excursion, or DC coupled pulses
This is derived from the chroma signal bandpass filter. of similar amplitude whose negative excursion is at zero
designed to provide a push-pull input_ An input signal volts DC are applied, the signal level at the luminance
amplitude of at least 4mV peak-to-peak is required between output (pin 5) during blanking will be OV. However, if the
pins 1 and 15_ Both pins require DC potential of blanking pulses applied to pin 8 have an amplitude of -2 to
approximately +3.0V. This is derived as a common mode -3V the signal level at the luminance output during
signal from a network connected to pin 7 (burst output). In blanking will be +1.5V. The negative pulse amplitude
this way DC feedback is provided over the burst channel to should not exceed -5V_
stabilise its operation. All figures for the chrominance signal
9. Chroma Signal Output
are based on a colo~r bar signal with 75% saturation; i.e ..
burst-to-chroma ratio of input signal is 1: 2. With a 1 V peak-to-peak burst output signal (pin 7) and
at nominal contrast and saturation setting (pins 2 and 13)
2. DC Contrast Control
the chroma signal output amplitude is 1V peak-to-peak. An
With +3.7V on this pin, the gain in the luminance external network is required which provides DC negative
channel is such that a OAmA black-to-white input signal to feedback in the chroma channel via pin 12_
pin 3 gives a luminance output signal amplitude on pin 5 of
10. Burst Gating and Clamping Pulse Input
lV black-to-white_ A variation of voltage on pin 2 between
+5.6V and +2V gives a corresponding gain variation of +6 A positive pulse of not less than 50l1A is required on this
to >-14dB. A similar variation in gain in the chroma pin to provide gating in the burst channel and luminance
channel occurs in order to provide the correct tracking channel black-level clamp circuit. The timing and width of
between the two signals. Beam current limiting can be this current pulse should be such that no appreciable
applied via the contrast control network as shown in the encroachment occurs into the sync. pulse or piclUre line
peripheral circuit, when a separate overwind is available on periods during normal operations of the receiver.
the line output transformer.
11. +12V Supply (Vee)
3. Luminance Signal Input
Correct operation occurs within the range 10.8 to
This terminal has a very low input impedance and acts as 13_2V _ All signal and control levels have a linear
a current sink. The luminance signal from the delay line is dependency on supply voltage but, in any given receiver
fed via a series terminating resistor and a DC blocking design this range may be restricted due to considerations of
capacitor and requires to be about OAmA peak-to-peak tracki ng between the power supply variations and picture
amplitude. A DC bias current is required via a 12kn resistor contrast and chroma Ip.vels. The power dissipation must not
to the +12V line. exceed 5BOmW at 60°C ambient temperature.
4. Charge Storage Capacitor for Black Level Clamp 12. DC Feedback for Chroma Channel (see pin 9)
5. Luminance Signal Output 13. Chroma Saturation Control
An emitter follower provides a low impedance output A control range of +6d8 to>-14dB is provided over a
signal of 1 V black-to-white amplitude at nominal contrast range of DC potential on pin 13 from 6_2 to 2_7V. Colour
setting having a nominal black level in the range 0 to +2.7V. killing is also achieved at this terminal by reducing the DC
An external emitter load resistor is required, not less than potential to less than +1V, e.g., from the TBA540 colour
lkQ_ If a greater luminance output is required than lV. killer output terminal. The minimum "kill factor" is 40d8.
with normal control settings, the input current swing at
14. ACC Input
pin 3 should be increased in proportion.
A negative-goi ng potential gives an ACe range of about
6. Brightness Control
26dB starting at +1.2V_ From lV to 800mV the steepest
Over the range of potential +0.9 to +1 JV the black level part of the characteristic occurs, but a small amount of gain
of the luminance output signal (pin 5) is increased from 0 reduction also occurs from BOOmV to 500mV. The input
to +2_7V. The output signal black level remains at +2.7V resistance is at least 50kSl.
when the potential on pin 6 is increased above +1.7V.
15. Chroma Signal I nput (see pin 1)
7. Burst Output
16. Negative Supply, OV (Earth)
A 1 V peak-to-peak burst (controlled by the ACC
system) is produced here. Also, to achieve good DC
stability by negative feedback in the burst channel the DC
potential at this pin is fed back to pins 1 and 15 via the
chroma input transformer.
219
TBA560C
,
,. -r--
... v.- \- '" H-l-++HH++-.j..,.jl,.,j.-+~
I / -
: I I
, ,I-- ~
LIMlT OF CONTROL I II
CURVES~
'''It-o1
I II I
11
LlNlTS OF V,-I' -- I
I
At WHICH SO"'. GAIN
REDUCTION IS QI!ITAINEO I I :
, lNOWINAL CONTRASJ)
/ I I
;t II
I
0 0 I t
>S •
Vz -16 [V)
Fig. 4 Control of black {five/at output Fig. 5 ChrominancfJ amplifi6f S8tufation

Fig. 3 Contrast control characteristic
(luminance amplifier; of luminance Dmplifief characteristic
.
BRIGHTNESS
CONTROL
~--4---- BL.4.NKING
V
COMPOSITE
'(IDEO INPUT
FROM TCAno
".
1'~_-+==::j:=t:=:CHROM'" OUTPUT
,-~-~:c::;::;:==:!=~===~==±==~~~=====~=~=~--
L e",cl( PORCH
~ COlOU~ KILLER
/I. PULSE
BEAN CURRENT
(E~:;~~GE~rg'~~ _--+-----<
EHf OVERWIND!
Fig. 6 Application diagram
220
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
TBASOO
5W AUDIO AMPUFIER
The TBA800 is a robust high efficiency audio amplifier

especially designed for Television Receivers.
FEATURES
• Wide Supply Voltage Range

• High Efficiency
• Low Cost
• Second Source Availability
RP12
Supply voltage Pin 1 or 3 vee 30V
Peak load current Pin 12 1.5A QUICK REFERENCE DATA
Power dissipation 5W (case temp 90°C)
Operating temperature (with 2SoC/W heat sink)
_lOoe to +6SoC
• Supply Voltage Range: 5 to 30V
Junction temperature 150°C • Efficiency at 4W: 70%
Storage temperature _25°C to +125°C • Power Into 16n Load (Vee = 24V): 5W
12
10
Fig. 2 TBA800 circuit diagram
221
TBA800
rest Conditions (unless otherwise stated):

Tamb = +25°C
Vee = 24V Rf = 56n RL = 16n frequency 1 kHz
Reference point i.s pin 9
Measurements made in typical application circuit, Fig. 8
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage Vee 1,3 5 24 30 V

Quiescent output voltage 12 11 12 13 V
Quiescent current 1,3 9 20 mA
Input current 8 1 5 Il A
Output power 12 4.4 5 W 10% THD
Input voltage 8 80 mV Output power 5W
Input impedance 8 5 Mn
3dB bandwidth 40 to 20k Hz
Total harmonic distortion 12 0.5 % o/ppower 50mWto2.5mll'l
Open loop gain 70 dB Rf=On
Closed loop gain 39 42 45 dB Rf = 56n
Input noise voltage 8 5 Il V 40Hz to 20kHz
I nput noise current B 0.2 nA
Efficiency 70 % Output power 4W
Thermal resistance 70 °C/W Junction to ambient
12 °C/W Junction to fin
THO = 10"J.
t ,,1KHz
Rf .560
,
I
Vcc • 21.V
Rl" 160
I
I
f" lkH2
RI" 560
~
a
~
~
u
~
<
a
, I
1/
<
~
J
10 20
Vcc IV} OUTPUT POWER I W)
Fig. 3 MaJ(. available output power v. supply voltage Fig 4 Total harmonic distortion v. output power
222
TBA800
\RlhJC
z
o
:i
~ J
1\
C
w
u
~
0, \
~lhJA
~ \
N
.........
o
-,0 '0 100
Tamb t"C) Vet (V)
Fig. 5 Ds"vice power dissipation v. ambient, temperature Fig. 6 Max, dey/co power dissipation v. supply voltage
f- Vee' HV
Rl" 160 f-
z
Rt • ~60 r-
o
~
~ J r- 50mW
C
,
<
o 2-5W
o
101
Fig. 7 Total harmonic distortion v. frequency
223
TBA800
CIO
VINo---J~.----------'-I
0·'11
11
FINS
R, C2
lOOk 500IJ
RI
56
The supplv voltage must be disconnected before inserting the integrated circuit into the socket.
Fig. 8 Tvpical application
APPLICATION NOTE
When using a supply of 10V or less, pin 3 should not be
connected and the bootstrap capacitor C8 should be
omitted.
224
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
TBA920 TBA920S
LINE OSCILLATOR COMBINATION
The TBA920 is a silicon integrated circuit designed for

TV receiver applications. It accepts the composite video
signal, separates sync. pulses with the added safeguard of HORIZONTAL OUTPUT 2 15 FREQUENCY Q)NTROl
noise gating and provides a sync. output for the vertical PHASE SHIFTER INPUT 3 14 OSCILLATOR CAPAcnOR
integrator. Also incorporated is the line oscillator together PHASE COMPARATOR 2 OUTPUT , IJ DECOUPliNG
with two phase comparators: one to compare flyback HORIZONTAl FL'(BACK PULSE rNf'UT 5 12 CONTROL VOLTAGE OUTPUT
pulses to the oscillator and the other for sync. phase PHASE COMPARATOR 1 INPUT 6 II TIME CONSTANT FILTER
comparison. The TBA920S is a special selection of the
SYNC SEPARATOR OUTPUT 7 10 COINCIDENCE FILTER
TBA920 (see Electrical Characteristics).
VIDEO INPUT 8 NOISE GATE IhtPUT
DP16
FEATURES
• Sync separator ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

• Noise Gate Reference point is pin 16 unless otherwise stated
• Line Oscillator Supply voltage, Vcc 13.2V
• Dual Phase Comparator Voltage at pin 3, V3 o to 13.2V
• Suitable for Thyristor or Transistor Systems Voltage at pin 8, -Va 12V
Voltage at pin 10, V,o -0.5 to +5V
Average current pin 2, '28V 20mA
QUICK REFERENCE DATA Peak current, pin 2, '2pk 200mA
Peak current. pin 5. ISpk 10mA
• Supply Voltage (nom.) 12V Peak current. pin 7, 17pk 10mA
Peak current, pin 8. lapk 10mA
• Supply Current (nom.) 36mA
Peak current, pin 9, 19pk 10mA
• Video IfP (+ve Sync.) 3V Total power dissipation. PIOI 600mW
• Flywheel PUll-in Range ±lkHz Storage temperature, T51g -55 to +1 25°C
• Output Current 20mA Operating ambient temperature, Tamb -10to+60°C
COI<o!POSITE
VIDEO HORIZONTAL TO HORIZONTt.L
INPUT FLYBACK PULSE OUTPUT STAGE
1-- ; - - - - -
I
'-"'3'I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I.
~-
NOISE
SIGNALS
Fig. 2 Block diagram

225
TBA920ITBA920S
Vee =+12V
Tomb = +25°C
Reference point pin 16
MeasurM in test circuit Fig. 3 (CCIR standard)
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Current consumption I, 35 mA 12 = 0
REQUIRED INPUT SIGNALS
Video Signal (Pin 8)
Input voltage, peak·to·peak Vin pop 1 3 7 V Positive·going sync.
Peak input current during sync.
pulse ISpk 100 /1 A
NOise Gating (Pin 9)
Input v'oltage, peak V. pk 0.7 V
Input current, peak I. pk 0.03 10 mA
Input resistance R. 200 n
Flyback Pulse (Pin 5)
Input voltage, peak VsPk ±1 V
InJ)ut current, peak Ispk 0.05 1 mA
Input resistance Rs 400 n
Pulse duration ts 10 /15 fa = 15625 Hz
DELIVERED OUTPUT SIGNALS
Composite Sync. 'Pulses, +ve, Pin 7
Output voltage, p.p V7p _p 10 V
Output resistance
at leading edge of pulse
(~mitter follower) R7 50 n
at trailing edge R7 2.2 kn
Additional external load resis-
tance R,ext 2.0 kn
Driver Pulse (Pin 2)
Output voltage, Pop V2p _p 10 V
Average output current 12av 20 mA
Peak output current 12 pk 200 mA
Output resistance (low ohmic) R2 15 n
Output pulse duration 2.5 n V2 = +10.5V, external resistor pins
when 2-16
synchronised t2 12 to 32 /15 See operating notes (1)
Permissible delay between
leading edge of output pulse and
fly back pulse tOtot o to 15 /15 ts = 12/15
Supply voltage at which output
pulses are obtained Vee 4 V
Oscillator
Free-running frequency fo 15625 Hz R IS = 3.3kn, See operating notes (2)
Spread of frequency at nominal !!.fo
values of peripheral components To
TBA920 ±5 % See note '1 " "
TBA920S ±1.5 % See note 1 " "
Frequency change when decreas-
ing supply down to minimum
4V
Frequency control sensitivity
Ii.° I
6fo
10 %
16.5 Hzl/1A
Ei-;-;
Adjustment range of network in 6fo
tl0 %
circuit of Fig. 3 To
226
TBA920ITBA920S
Value
Characteristic Symbol Unit. Conditions
Min. Typ. Max.
Influence of supply voltage on fi/ol/o

frequence at Vp = 12V 5 %
WplVpnom
Control Loop I (Between Sync.
Pulse and Oscillator)
Control voltage range V" 0.5 to 5.5 V
Control current, peak I,pk ±2 rnA V,o >4.5V, V.>1.5V
±6 rnA V,o<2V, V.>1.5V
b./ 1 kHz/Jls Time coincidence between sync. pulse
Loop gain of APC system
b.t and flyback pulse or V I .>4.5V
3 kHz/Jls No time coincidence or V I .<21/
Capture and holding range D.j ±1 kHz See note 2
Pull·in time t 20 ms D.jl/. = ±3% (D.j=470Hz), see Fig. 3
Switch·over from high control
sensitivity to low control
sensitivity after capture t 20 ms See Fig. 3
Control Loop II (Between Flyback
Pulse and Oscillator)
Permissible delay between
leading edge of output pulse
(pin 2) and leading edge of
flyback pulse Idtot o to 15 tJs
Static control error b.t
0.5 % See operating noles (3)
Tt;
Peak output current during
lIyback pulse 14pk ±0.7 mA
Overall Phase Relation
Phase relation between leading
edge of sync. and middle of
lIyback pulse t 4.9 JlS See operating notes (4)
Tolerance of phase relation b.t
TBA920 ±0.7 JlS See operating notes (51
TBA920S ±O.4 tJs See operating notes (5)
Voltage for t2 = 12 to 32tJs V3 6 to 8 V
Adjustment sensitivity flt,
10 tJslV
I
flV,
Input current 13 2 JlA
External Switch·over or Parameters
(Loop Filter and Loop Gain) of ,
Control Loop I (e.g. for Video
Recorder Application). See Note 3
Required switch·over voltage V,. 4.5 V R" = 150n
2.0 V RII = 2kn
Required switch·over current I, • 80 tJ A A" = 150n, V, 0 = 4.5V
120 JlA A" = 2kn, V,. = 2.0V
NOTES
I. Exclusive Of external component tolp.rances
2. Adjustable with AU"IS
3. With sync. pulses at pins 7 and 8; without RC network at pin 10
227
TBA920/TBA920S
OPERATING NOTES
1. The output pulse duration is adjusted by shifting the

leading edge (V J from 6V to 8V). The pulse duration is a
result of delay in the line output device and the action of
the second control loop in the TBA920.
For a line output stage with a BU108 high voltage transistor
the resulting duration is about 22/ls, and in such a way that
the line output transistor is switched on again about 8/ls
after the middle of the line flyback pulse. This pulse
duration must be taken into account when designing the
driver stage and driver transformer as this way of driving
the line output device differs from the usual, i.e. a driver
duty cycle of about 50%.
2. The oscillator frequency can be changed for other TV
standards by an appropriate value of Ct •.
3. The control error is the remaining error in reference to
the nominal phase position between leading edge of the
sync. pulse and the middle of the flyback pulse caused by a posITIve FORVIOEORECOROER
NOISE PULSES AI"PLICATIOO
variation in delay of the line output stage.
4. This phase relation assumes a luminance delay line with
a delay of 500ns between the input of the sync. separator
and the drive to the picture tube. If the sync. separator is Fig. 3 Application diagram
inserted after the luminance delay line or if there is no
delay line at all (monochrome sets). then the phase relation
is achieved at Cs = 560pF.
5. The adjustment of the overall phase relation and
consequently the leading edge of the output pulse at pin 2
occurs automatically by the control loop II or by applying
a DC voltage to pin 3.
228
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
TBA950:2X
UNE OSCILLATOR COMBINATION
The TBA950 :2X is a monolithic integrated circuit

for pulse separation and line synchronisation in TV
receivers with transistor output stages. ov' '" " LINE fREQUENCY PRESET
The TBA950 :2X comprises the sync. separator with LINE DIP, DRIVE 2 13 LINE FREQUENCY CAPACITOR
noise suppression, the frame pulse integrator, the phase V~, 3 TBA 12 PHASE CONTROL CAPACITOR
comparator, a switching stage for automatic changeover PHASE COMPARATOR TIME CONSTANT t 950:2X 11 PHASE PRESET
of noise immunity, the line oscillator with frequency SYNC SEPARATOR liP 5 10 LINE FlYBACK PULSE liP
range limiter, a phase control circuit and the output
COMPOSITE SYNC DIP 9 TIME CONSTANT SWITCH DiP
stage. Eo
It delivers prepared frame sync. pulses for triggering fRAME SYNC DIP "1..'_ _ _'.r SWITCH DELAY CAPACITOR
the frame oscillator. The phase comparator may be
switched for video recording operation. Due to the DP14
large scale of integration few external components are
needed. . Fig. 1 Pin Connections
O,33~
f
VIDEO
INPUT SIGNAL
Fig. 2 Block diagram and test circuit
229
TBA950:2X
Tamb = +25°C
fo = 15625Hz in the test circuit Fig.2 (see note 1)
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Amplitude of frame pulse VI >8 V

Frame pulse duration t7 >150 J.1S
Output resistance at pin 7 (high state) RouI7 7.5 10 13 kO
Amplitude of sync. pulse V6 >8 V
Output resistance at pin 6 RouI6 2.5 4.5 kO
Output pulse duration 12 25 28.5 f1S Typical range
Residual output voltage V2 res <0.55 V 12 = 20mA
Oscillator frequency fo 14843 15625 16406 Hz C13/1 = 10nF
RU/l = 10.5k 0
Frequency pull-in range ±t.fF 400 1000 Hz Typical range
Frequency holding range ± t.fH 400 1000 Hz Typical range
Slope of phase comparator control loop dfo/dtd 2 kHz/Jls
Gain of phase control dtd/dt p 20
Phase shift between leading edge of
composite video signal and line flyback
pulse (see note 2) adjustable by VII tv -1 3.5 J.1s T.YRical range
NOTES
1. By modification of the frequency-determining network at pins 13 and 14, these les can also be used for other line frequencies.
2. The limited flyback pulse should overlap the video signal sync. pulse on both edges.
OPERATING NOTES
The sync. separator separates the synchronizing
pulses from the composite video signal. The noise
inverter circuit, which needs no external components,
in connection with an integrating and differentiating
network frees the synchronizing signal from distortion
and noise.
The frame sync. pulse is obtained by multiple
integration and limitation of the synchronizing signal,
and is available at pin 7. The RC network hitherto
required between sync. separator and frame oscillator
is no longer needed. Since the frame sync. pulse
duration at pin 7 is subject to production spreads it is
recommended to use the leading edge of this pulse for
triggering.
The frequency of the line oscillator is determined by a
10 nF polystyrene capacitor at pin 13 which is charged
and discharged periodically by two internal current
sources: The external resistor at pin 14 defines the Fig, 3 Phase relationships
charging current and consequently in conjunction with
the oscillator capacitor the line frequency. network at pin 4 increases and consequently reduces
The phase comparator compares the sawtooth the pull-in range of the phase comparator circuit for the
voltage, of the oscillator with the line sync. pulses. synchronized state to approximately 50Hz. This
Simultaneously an AFC voltage is generated which arrangement ensures disturbance-free operation.
influences the oscillator frequency. A frequency range For video recording operation this automaic switch-
limiter restricts the frequency holding range. over can be blocked by a positive current fed into pin 8,
The oscillator sawtooth voltage, which is in a fixed e.g. via a resistor connected to pin 3. It may also be
ratio to the line sync. pulses, is compared with the useful to connect a rsistor of about 630 0 or 1 k 0
flyback pulse in'the phase control circuit, in this way between pin 9 and earth. The capacitor at pin 4 may be
compensating all drift of delay times in driver and line lowered, e.g. to 0.1 J.1F. These alterations do not
output stage. The correct phase position and hence the significantly influence the normal operation of the IC
horizontal position of the picture can be adjusted by and thus do not need to be switched.
the 10k 0 potentiometer connected to pin 11. Within The output stage delivers at pin 2 output pulses of
the adjustable range the output pulse duration (pin 2) duration and polarity suitable for driving the line driver
is constant. Any larger displacements of the picture, e.g. stage. If the supply voltage goes down (e.g. by
due to non-symmetrical picture tube, should not be switching off the mains) a built-in protection circuit
corrected by the phase potentiometer, since in all cases ensures defined line frequency pulses down to V3 = 4V
the flyback pulse must overlap the sync. pulse on both and shuts off when V3 falls below 4V, thus preventing
edges (see Fig. 3). pulses of undefined duration and frequency. Conversely,
The switching stage has an auxiliary function. When if the supply voltage rises, pulses defined in duration
the two signals supplied by the sync. separator and the and frequency will appear at the output pin as soon as
phase control 'circuit respectively are in synchronism a V3 reaches 4.5V, In the range between V3 = 4.5V and
saturated transistor is in parallel with the integrated 2 k 0 full supply the shape and frequency of the output
resistor at pin. 9. Thus the time constant of the filter pulses are practically constant.
230
TBA950:2X
RECOMMENDED OPERATING
CONDITIONS
For operating circuits Figs. 4 and 5
Input current during sync. pulse 15 > 5J.'A

Composite video input signal V;n p.p 3(1 to 6)V
Input current during line flyback pulse 110 0.2 to 2 mA
Switchover current 18 > 2mA
Time difference between the output pulse at pin 2
and the line, fJyback pulse at 10, td < 20J.'s
Current consumption (see Fig. 6) i3 <31 mA
Ambient operating temperature range, Tamb 0 to +60 0
~IDEompUT
SIGNAL 'lIN
Fig. 4 Operating circuit (thryistol OiJtput stage) *Input circuitry must be optimised
c-------------+---------~--_,rC==J-~--~-----~c
r: ' I[
VIDEO INPUT
SIGNAL 'In>!
Fig. 5 Another possiblity for line frequency adjustment (transistor output stage) 'Input circuitry must be optimised
231
TBA950:2X
'" ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

I All voltages are referred to pin 1
, II I
Supply current (see Fig. 6) Is: 45mA
Input current Is: 2mA
"AXI I
"' ,
~ 30
Input voltage Vs
Output currenJ 12
-6V
22mA
I VMIN Output voltage V2 : 12V
20 0
J Switch-over current for video recording Is
Phase correction voltage V" : o
5mA
to V3
I II Operating temperature range -10°C to +60°C
'"
II
'I
00 20
"
Fig. 6 Graph for determining the supply series resistor R5
232
.I!!!e! CONSUMER
TV CIRCUIT
TCA800
COLOUR DEMODULATOR WITH FEEDBACK ClAMPS
A monolithic integrated circuit for colour television

receivers incorporating two active synchronous
LUMINANCE liP 1 EARTH
demodulators for the FS_y and ±FR_y signals, a G-Y
DECOUPUNG 1 R_Y REFERENCE
matrix, PAL switch bistable and RGB matrix, suitable for
REO OfP 3 lDENT liP
driving simple single transistor video output stages_ The
DECOUPLING ~ 8-V REFERENCE
circuit incorporates three feedback clamps to stabilise the TCA
B••
GREEN DIP 5 Hf2 DIP
black level, to eliminate the problem of thermal drift in the "
Of COUPLING R-YCHAOMAlfP
demodulators.
BLUE DIP 10 8-Y CHROMA liP
OPERATING NOTES UNE PULSE liP Vee
"1,;...._--t'
For alternative applications in a simple decoder circuit, OP16

it must be possible to trigger the flip-flop so that it runs in
the correct ident. phase by means of an AC coupled, 2 volt Fig. 1 Pin connections
pop square wave, derived from the APC loop in the QUICK REFERENCE DATA
reference generator circuit. (The normal input line timebase
pulse would still be applied in order to provide clamp Vsupply -(Nominal) 12V
pulses.)
IsuPPly -(Nominal) (Is = O.5mA) 47mA
Input impedance of output amplifier (BF337)
Voltage Gain of Chrominance (R-Y) Signal
(Expressed as parallel resistance and capacitance.)
Channel (typ.) Vin(p-p) = 50mV; f
R (typ_) 5kU 4.43MHz; Video Gain = X20 17.5V/V
C (typ.) BOpF Voltage Gain of Luminance (Y) Channel Vin
The above values are given for suitable design of output (Black-ta-White) = 1V (p-p) 5V/V
stages i.e. emitter follower with 5mA current capability. Operating Temperature Range -10 to +55°C
~-------------------------------~
,,
'",
h,,
,,
!
,,'
Fig. 2 Block diagram and typical application circuit

233
TCA800
Test Conditions (unle .. otherwise stated):
Tamb = +2SoC, Vee = +12V
Value
Min, Typ, Max.
Supply voltage range 9 10.8 12 13.2 V

Voltage gain of chrorninance (R· Y)
signal channel 17.S VIV V in p.p = SOmV, f = 4.43MHz,
video gain = X20
Voltage gain of luminance (Y) channels 5 VIV V in (black.to.white) = lV p.p
Bandwidth (-3dB) of luminance channel
from Y input to R·G·B outputs 10 MHz
Bandwidth (-3dB) of chroma channel from
F(R.Y), FIB.Y) inputs to R·G·B outputs 1 MHz
Ratio of demodulated signals
V(B·y)IVIR·Y) 1.60 1.78 1.96 Defined with equal chroma input signals
VIG·y)IV(R.Y) 0.76 0.85 0.94 and measured at output pins (see note 1)
I nput Characteristics
Chrominance input impedance (expressed
as resistance and parallel capacitance 10,11
R 1000 n
C pF
f = 4.43MHz, V in = 20mV sinewave
10
Luminance (Y) input blanking level
(fixed by TBA560) 1 1.4 1.5 1.8 V
Luminance (Y) input, black level
potential (nominal brightness set by
I brightness control of TBA560)

Luminance (Y) input black·to·white
1 1.7 V
amplitude (adjusted by contrast

control of TBA560) 1 1.0 Vp·p
Reference input impedance (expressed
as resistance and parallel capacitance) 13,15
R 5.0 kn f = 4.43MHz
C 5.0 10 pF
Reference input voltage
(from TBA540) 13,15 0.5 1.0 2.0 V p.p
Phase shift between reference inputs
and chroma input signal to give
coincidence at the synchronous
demodulators 13,15 10 degrees
Ident. voltage for ident 'off 14 +6 V
Ident. voltage for ident 'on' 14 +7.0 V
Ident. current for ident 'off' 14 0.1 rnA
Tracking of ident. threshold with a
supply variation of ±10%
f>Vthre,hold . Vee
14 1.0
VthreShold . f>Vee
Required line pulse input current to
clamps and H/2 flip·flop 8 0.3 0.45 0.6 mA
Window level (see note 2) 8 +12.! V
Line input impedance 8 0.6 1.0 1.4 k!1
Output Characteristics
R·G·B outputs blanking level 3,S 7 2.0 VDC Blanking level at pin 1 = 1.5V
Common mode variation of black level
va. iation over a temperature range
of 40°C See note 3
Blanking·to·white level output
voltage capability of each output
amplifier channel 3. 5, 7 6 8 V p.p
234
TCA800
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Difference in clamped blanking

level of outputs i.e., R to G to B 3,5,7 50 mV
Differential drift of clamped output
blanking levels over temperature
range of 40° C 3,5,7 25 mV
Residual 4.43MHz signal at R·G·B
outputs
Red 150 mV pop
Blue 300 mV p.p
H/2 square wave output amplitude 12 2.5 3.5 V p.p Measured with 3kn load i.e. TBA540
NOTES
1. These values are chosen to minimise errors in flesh tones and of the luminance of the green component. The matrix equation for the
derivation of the G-Y component is given by G· Y = -0.51 (R·Y) -O.19(8·YI, (This is derived from the basic colour equation Y '" O.30R +
O.59G +0.11 B.) Measured at the tube cathodes with 100V pop video drive.
2. In order to provide a clamp pulse which occurs inside the blanking waveform and free from the edge spikes, it is necessary to window the
line pulse at about two thirds of its amplitude.
3. In order to partially compensate for drift in output stages a negative temperature coefficient to compensate for the variation in the video
output transistor has been incorporated.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING

~
-------.'"
, ----------125'"
' Max. dissipation @ +55°C = 900mW
, , ,I
,, ,I
LINE PULSE
~ i : r--- aLAN~ING WAVEFORM
"':
~ FROM TaA5~O
JlL
I 1 I I
, '
,
t
:
I CLAMP PULSE
3" • ....: ~ ~3"s
Fig. 3 Line pulso, blanking and clamp timings
235
236
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUIT
TDA440
VIDEO IF AMPUFIER/ DEMODULATOR
The TDA440 incorporates the following functions:

1. Three-stage symmetrical IF (broad band) amplifier IF liP (DIFFERENTIALI 1 - 16 IF I/PIDIFFERENIIALI
with first and second stages AGC-controlled. DECOUPlIN(J 2 IS DEcnuPLING
2. Controlled video carrier demodulator. OV J 1~ 5 r AHILISER liP
3. Video drive amplifier whh low-pass response and CONTROL VOLTAGE 1] Vee
DECOUPLING TOA41.0
output independent of supply fluctuations. TUNER AGe s
12 :} VIDEOQ/P,
4. Gated AGC section for I F amplifier. TUNER AGe THRESHOLD
CONTROL
5. Delayed regulated output voltage for the tuner GATING PULSE lIP '1 10 WHilE LEVEI.PRESEl
preamplifier. DEMODULAtOR TUNING 'i;.'_ _......;'.t' DEMODULATOR lUNING
OP16
Fig. 1 Pin connections.
FEATURES
• High Gain - High Stability 1'1 Very Low I ntermodulation Products

• Constant Input Impedance Independent of .. Minimum Differential Error
.. Positive and Negative Video O/Ps
• AGC
• Low Noise Independent of AGC • Low I mpedance Video O/Ps
.. High Supply Rejection .. Temperature Compensated
.. Low RF Breakthrough to Video O/Ps .. Peak White Adjustable
.. Fast AGC Action
VIOEO
I~~-~:
OUTPUTS
'w ~
I
1'5 r---'F'="AMPLiF'ER----1
rlIH~I''''+-'' I
=8! '--f--¥+IA"
I
I
I
'--- -------
~;~-I' T~-J
I
I
GATING PULSE
Fig. 2 TDA440 block diagram.

237
TDA440

Reference point is pin 3
Rating Pin Symbol Value Units
Supply voltage range 13 Vee 10 to 15 V

Low voltage stabiliser supply current 14 I, 50 mA
Open loop voltage 5 Vs 15 V
Video DC output current
Average positive 12 1'2 5 mA
Peak positive 12 1'2 30 mA
Average negative )1 I" 5 mA
Peak negative l' I" 30 mA
White level control 10 Vl0 3.2 V
Power dissipation at Tam b ';;55° C Ptot 700 mW
Ambient temperature range Tamb -10 to +65 °c
Storage temperature range T'lg -55 to +125 °c
VIDEO
OUTPuts
Vee ~
]8-9
MH,
lUNER GAltN" PULSE
Supply voltage must be disconnected before inserting the integrated circuit into the test socket.
Fig. 3 Test and application circuit.
C= Parasitic capacitance at pins 8 and 9 should be kept to

a minimum.
6 to 1OpF series capacitance.
38·g
MH, Series resonant frequency = 38.9 - 11.8102.75) MHz.
Series resonance damping (determines tuning
characteristics) = 1.B to 3.3kU E.G•• with Rs =
2.4kn. tuning range. f, = 3MHz.
Fig. 4 Modifications to Fig. 3 for improving audio interference and/cfOSI"Colour characteristics.

238
TDA440
ELECTRICAL CHARACTE R ISTICS

T&mb;+25°C
Vee ;+12V
Reference point is pin 3
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage, Vee 13 10 12 15 V

Supply current, 1'3 13 15 19 25 mA
Supply voltage, stabiliser input 14 5.5 5.B 6.4 V 1,4; 40mA
Positive video DC output voltage 11 5.5 V
White level adjustment range
for positive video DC output voltage 11
4.B V Rw (pin 10); co
6.5 V Rw (pin 10) ; 0
Peak black clamping level for
positive video DC output voltage 11 1.75 1.9 2.15 V
DC output current 11 3.2 mA Reference point pin 13
Negative video DC output voltage 12 5.6 V
Available tuner control current 5 7 7.5 mA 1OdB after onset of tuner control action
Negative gating pulse 7 1.5 3 5 Vp·p
Composite video output level 11 3.3 Vp-p V1 1 ; 5.5VDC
4.2 Vp-p V11 ; 6.4VDC
AGC range, L'lAGC 50 56 dB
Video 3dB bandwidth B 10 MHz
Video frequency response change 1.0 2.0 dB L'lAGC ; 50dB, video bandwidth; 0 to 5
MHz
Symmetrical input voltage for
3.3Vp-p output (pin 11) 1-16 100 150 220 IlVr.m.s
Maximum IF voltage level present
at video outputs over the full
AGC range 11,12 30 mV f; 38.9MHz
50 mV f; 77.BMHz (2nd harmonic)
Sound IF voltage level present at
video outputs with selective circuit 12 30 mV f; 5.5MHz, picture carrier level 30dB
sound carrier level
Differential gain of negative
compo video output signal for
full black to white swing 15 %
Suppression of sound carrier/colour
subcarrier (1.07MHz) w.r.t
colour subcarrier level 40 dB Picture carrier; OdB, IF colour subcarrier
level; -6dB, IF sound carrier level;
-24dB
Input impedance 1 Reference point pin 16
AGC max. 1.4112 kW'pF
AGCmin. 1.4#1.9 kl1/,1pF
239
240
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUITS
TDA2522/3
COLOUR DEMODULATOR COMBINATION
The TDA2522 and TDA2523 are integrated syn-

chronous demodulators for colour television receivers. [ , .p KIllER DELAY CAPACITOR
The devices incorporate an 8.8M Hz oscillator followed
COLOUR liB -V)
DIFFERENCE (G-YI [ 1 ,,~ BUAST GATING AND BLANKING PULSE I/P
by a divider giving two 4.4M Hz reference signals, a OUTPUTS
keyed burst phase detector for optimum noise be-

.IR-Y l
"p Ace HOLD CAPACITOR
haviour, an ACC detector and amplifier, a colour killer, GROUND 4
"p Ace QUTPUT
two synchronous demodulators for the (B-Y) and CHROMJNANC[ JIB-V)

" "b Ace REFERENCE VlllTAGE
(R-Y) signals, a PAL switch and a PAL flip-flop with
internal identification.
INPUTS lIR-V
,
6
"p , lZV
The symmetrical demodulators include integrated
REF.QSCllLATIlR f
AfCHlTER l 8
'" tf
9
OSCILLATOR
CRYSTAL
capacitors to reduce unwanted carrier signals at the DP16
outputs which are taken from temperature-compensated
emitter followers. The outputs of the TDA2522 are Fig. 1 Pin connections
suitable for use with the TDA2530. The TDA2523
outputs are inverted for use with a direct transistor
drive..

Ell Supply Voltage (pin 11): 12V typo III Chrominance Input Signal (Including
II Supply Current: 40mA typo Burst) :
II Colour Difference Signals: R -Y (pin 6) 500mV p-p
(R -Y) (pin 3) : > 2.4V P:-P B -Y (pin 5) 350mV p-p
(G -Y) (pin 2) : > 1.35V p-p II Colour Difference Signal Output
(B-Y) (pin1): >3Vp-p Impedance 250..IL. typo
[6-YI
Fig.2 Block diagram

241
TDA2522/TDA2523
Test conditions unless (otherwise stated):
Supply voltage, pin 11 = + 12V
Tamb = +25°C
Measurements referred to pin 4
Value
Charateristic Pin Min, Typ. Max. Units Conditions
Demodulator
Ratio of demodulated
signals:
B-Y/R-Y 1/3 1.78 -
G-Y/R-Y 2/3 0.85 - See note 1
G-Y/R-Y 2/3 0.17 - See note 2
Colour difference outputs:
(R-Y) 3 2.4 Vp-p
(G-Y) 2 1.35 Vp-p
(B-Y) 1 3 \lp-p
Chrominance input signal
(inCluding burst) : i mVp _p
R-Y 6 500
B-Y 5 350 mVp-p } See note 3
Colour difference signal
output impedances:
(R-Y) 3 250 Q
(G-Y) 2 250 Q
(B-Y) 1 250 , Q
H/2 ripple at R -Y O/P 3 10 mVp-p
Blanking and keying pulse:
Burst keying active for 15 7.5 Vp-p
Burst keying inactive for 15 6.5 Vp-p
Blanking active for 15 2 Vp-p
Blanking inactive for 15 1 Vp-p
Reference section
Phase difference between
reference and burst ±5 Oeg. Crystal frequency deviation
±400Hz
Overall holding range ±500 Hz Using typical crystal
Burst signal input 5-6 0.25 Vp-p Keying pulse width = 41ls.
Oscillator input resistance 10 270 Q
Oscillator input capaci-
tance 10 pF See note 5
Oscillator output resistance 9 200 Q
ACC reference voltage 12 7 V
ACC voltage at correct
~
phase 14 5.5 V
ACC voltage with zero Burst = 0.25Vp-p
burst 14 7.0 V
ACC amplifier output
voltage range 13 0.5 5.0 V 113 < ±2001lA
Colour killer
Via pin 14:
Colour off 14 6 V
Colour on 14 5.6 V
Via pin 16:
Colour off 16 7 V
Colour on 16 5 V
Colour unkill delay 20 mS/IlF See note 6
NOTES
1. The demodulators are driven by a chrominance signal of equal amplitude for the (R-Y) and (B-Y) components. The phase of the
(R-Y) chrominance signal equals the phase of the (R-Y) reference signal. The same holds for the (B-Y) signals.
2. As note 1. but with the phase of the (R-Y) reference signal reversed.
3. Colour bar with 75% saturation.
4. The burst amplitude IS kept constant by ACC action. but depends linearly on the keying pulse width.
5. To be established.
6. The delay depends on the value of Cd (see Fig. 2)
242
TDA2522/TDA2523
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Functions listed by pin number. Supply voltage (pin 1) 14V
TDA2522 TDA2523 Total power dissipation 600mW
1. -(B-Y) signal output (B-Y) signal output Storage temperature -55°C to + 125°C
2. - (G- Y) signal output (G-Y) signal output Operating ambient temperature -10°C to +60°C
3. - (R-V) signal output (R-Y) signal output
These outputs are of low impedance from tempera-
ture compensated emitter follower stages that require
external loads of 10kO. Internal filtering of the colour
difference output signals to give a -3dB bandwidth of
1 MHz allows the three signals to be fed directly to the
luminance matrix. The TDA2522 may be AC coupled to
the TDA2530, and the TDA2523 may be used with
direct transistor drive.
4. Negative supply (Ground)
5. Chrominance B -Y input signal
An input signal of approximately 350mV p-p (colour
bars) is required at this pin. The B - Y component of
colour burst must be included with the input chromi-
nance signal.
6. Chrominance R -v input signal
An input signal of approximately 500mV p-p (colour
bars) is required, including the R -Y colour burst
component.
7. Reference oscillator APC loop filter
8. Reference oscillator APC loop filter
Between pins 7 and 8 are connected the APC loop
low pass filter components. The difference voltage
between these pins is connected internally to the
oscillator reactance stage.
9. Oscillator feedback
10. Oscillator feedback
A series network consisting of the 8.8M Hz crystal
and an adjustable tuning capacitor is connected
between pins 9 and 10. Division from the 8.8M Hz
oscillator within the I C produces the4.4M Hz quadrature
reference carriers which are then applied to the
colour demodulators.
11. Positive 12V supply
The maximum voltage must not exceed 14V.
12. ACC hold capacitor
The capacitor connected from this pin to ground is
normally charged to a potential of about 7V.
13. ACC output potential
An output potential varying inversely with the input
colour burst amplitude is available at pin 13. Maximum
ACC gain of the TDA2560 is provided when the ACC
potential from pin 13 of the device is greater than
about 1.4V.
14. ACC hold capacitor
The capacitor connected from this pin to ground is
normally charged to a potential of 5.5V. On mono-
chrome reception the potential will be 7.0V and while
identing it may instantaneously increase to about 8V.
A 1000 resistor may be connected in series with the
capacitor from pin 14, see pin 15.
15. Burst gating and blanking pulse input.
The two-level positive pulse required at this pin is
used for burst gating and flip-flop triggering. at a
sampled level of 7V. A negative going pulse of about
100mV p-p, derived from the colour burst, may be
inspected across a 1000 resistor in series with the
capacitor from pin 14 to ground, should the sandcastle
pulse shape require some adjustment. At a level of about
1.5V the pulse width should be suitable for chroma
blanking.
16. Killer delay capacitor
The value of a capacitor connected from pin 16 to
ground determines the delay of un-killing. By this
means the state of continuous switching of the killer
with marginal signals. may be avoided. Connecting pin
16 to ground unkills the system.
243
244
CONSUMER
lVCIRCUITS
TDA2530/2
RGB Matrix Preamplifier (with clamps)
The TDA2530 and TDA2532 are integrated RG B

matrix preamplifiers for colour television receivers, LUMINANCE INPUT
--..r--
, II; ~ GAOUND
incorporating a matrix preamplifier (for RG B cathode -!R~YI INPUT REO SIGNAL FEEDBACK
drive of the picture tube) with clamping circuits. , '" bRm
14 SltmAL OUTPUT
RED DRIVE ADJUSTMENT
This integrated circuit has been designed to be
driven from the TDA2522 synchronous demodulator -IG-Y) INPUT , P
U GREEN SIGNAl fEEDBACK
and oscillator IC. GREEN DRIVE ADJUSTMENT 1] PGRHN SIGNAL DUTPUT

II PBLUE SIGNAl fHoilACX
"
The TDA2532 has been designed for use with on- -18-'1IINpUr
screen data display systems. "
8lUJA~~~~~~~~ri m~~ I \(1 p' BLUE SIGNAl OUTpuT
9 PPOSITIVE SUPPLY
ClAMP PULSE INPUT
• DP16
II Supply Voltage (pin 9): 12V typo
II Operating Ambient Temperature Range: II Gain of RGB Preamplifiers:
-10 to +60·C OdB typo
II Luminance Input Resistance (pin 1) : .. Gain DC Adjustment Range:
100kn min ±3dB typo
II Colour Difference Input Currents II Error Amplifier Gain (Conductance):
(pins 2, 4 & 6): 20mAN typo
Unclamped 2 flA typo II Feedback Input Currents (pins 11, 13 &
During Clamping -0.2 to +0.2mA 15): 2 flA typo
.. Clamping Pulse Input Current (pin 8) : II Output Current Swing (pin!; 10, 12 & 14):
20flA max. -4.4 to +4.4mA
'.A~D(AS HE OR HORIZONTAl lUMI .. Al-lCE IYI DATA. BLANKING

J.'l;lSf
+__;±;~;~~~==I=~__~~~~~~~~~~~;;~--<~_fHDBA(K
GFHfN SIGNAL
- G-1I-I
1-
• a-GAIN PRESfT
TO OUTPIJI
TRANSl5TOR
(BLUE)
BLUE SIGNAL
FEEDBACK
"-l~'l--L---=:r----------'
t TOA 2~30 OhlY
* TOA 2~n Ohl'
Fig. 2 TDA2530/2 block diagram

245
TDA25301 TDA2532
Supply voltage (pin 9) = + 12V
Luminance input (pin 1) = 1.5V
Tamb = +25°C
Measurements refer to pin 16
Test circuit Fig. 3
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Current consumption 9 50 mA
Luminance input 1
Black level 1.5 V
Black-to-white input voltage 1.0 Vp-p
Input resistance 100 kO
Colour Difference Input
Input signals
~
-(R-Y) 2 1.4 Vp-p
-(G-Y) 4 0.82 Vp-p See Note 1
-(B-Y) 6 1.78 Vp-p
Input currents 2,4,6 2 4 ~A
Input currents during clamping 2,4,6 ±0.2 mA
Clamp Pulse Input for DC Feedback 8
Clamping voltage
ON 7.5 12 V } See Note 2
OFF 0 5.5 V
Clamping current
ON 1 ~A
OFF 20 ~A
Feedback Input 11, 13, 15
DC level during clamping 0.5Vs V
Gain Adjustment for Colour Drive
Adjustment voltage range 3,5,7 0 10 V } See Note 4
Adjustment voltage for nominal gain 3,5,7 5 V
Nominal gain between colour difference
inputs, luminance input and colour
feedback inputs 1-1, 13, 15 0 dB
Adjustment range of nominal gain 3,5,7 ±3 dB At=!1V3,5,7, =±5V

Differential Amplifier
Feedback input current 11, 13, 15 2 ~A
Error amplifier gain 20 mAN
Output current swing 10,12,14 ' 4.4 mA
Integrated load resistance 10,12,14 680 0 See Note 3
Output bias voltage 10,12,14 8 V See Note 3 and
applications
information
Data blanking (TDA2532 only) 7 ~1 V Pins 10, 12, 14
go to +6V
NOTES
1. The allocation of -(R-Y), -(G-Y) and -(B-Y) srgnals to pins 2. 4 and 6 respectively, is not mandatory as all three channels are
identical.
2. SWitching from clumping ON to OFF occurs at about 6V.
3. The Integrated load reSistors Include series diodes. this means that the resistors can be ignored when V10. V12. V14 > V9. Under this
conditIOn, external load resIstors must be chosen such that the current IS nominally 4.4mA. See Fig.3.
4. The TDA2532 uses pin 7 for data blanking. the gain of one channel is therefore internally preset.
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
(fig 3)
The clamping level, Vel of the video output stages, Attention should be given to earth paths, avoiding
with set clamping level potentiometers in their mid- common impedances between the input (decoder) side
positions, is given by: R1 R1 and the output stages.
Vel = V9 (1 + R'2-"R3) Printed track area connected to the feedback pins
should be kept to a minimum.
The gain of the video output stages is given by: To ensure a matched performance of the video out-
Gain ··c 1 + R1 + Rl + Rl put stages, a symmetrical layout of three stages should
R2 R3 R4 be employed.
246
TDA2530/TDA2532
1601/
140V S,ANO(A';lLf PUlS€

f\. or NROH TOA 2~91J 1
L-----j---===:::=====j:-t-<> BLU[
". BA" 21
1---------1-----+---0 ",0
,
>0.
FIGS GAIN DAtA DATA
1~5
PRESETS
TO 1401
~
TOA lSH ONLY
Fig. 3 TDA2530j2 applications and test circuit
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 11. Blue signal feedback

The signal gain of both the video output stages and
Functions listed by pin number I C amplifier are stabilised by the feedback circuits. DC
clamping is achieved by sampling of the feedback level
1. Luminance signal input. during blanking. The black level potentials at the
A 1 V black to white positive going luminance input collectors of the video output stages may be varied
signal is required. Blanking level should be at 1 .5V and independently by adjustable DC current sources applied
black level at 1 .7V to the feedback input pins. The DC levels at these pins
2. -(R -V) input signal are such that the feedback resistor and a resistor net-
The input signal is required to be AC coupled from a work between the 12V supply and earth provide a
low impedance source such as the TDA2522. The potential of 6V during blanking.
coupling capacitor also acts as a clamp capacitor for the 12. Green signal output
TDA2530/2 red output. As the colour difference input 13. Green signal feedback (see pin 11)
impedance is at least 100kQ. low value coupling 14. Red signal output
capacitors may be used. 15. Red signal feedback (see pin 11)
3. Red drive adjustment. 16. Negative supply (earth)
A gain variation of the red channel of at least ±3dB
about the nominal. is obtained as the DC potential at
this pin varies by :1 5V about the nominal of 5V. If no ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
connection is made to a gain controlling pin the channel
concerned assumes the nominal gain. Voltages
4. -(G -V) input signal (see pin 2) Supply voltage (V9) 15V
5. Green drive adjustment (see pin 3) Pin 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 & 7 OV to V9
6. -(B -V) input signal (see pin 2) Pin 8 V9
7. TDA2530: Blue drive adjustment (see pin 3) Pin 10 V9 to V9 + 3V
TDA2532: Data blanking input. Pin 12 V13tOV9 + 3V
When this pin' is taken above 1 V the colour output Pin 14 V15tOV9 +3V
signals on pins 10. 12 and 14 are inhibited. the outputs Pins 11. 13 and 15 0.3V9 to V9
being clamped to 6V. Current
8. Clamp pulse input Pin 8 1mA
A positive going line pulse input is required and the Thermal
pulse should exceed a threshold DC level set by the Total power dissipation 1W
TDA2530/2 of 7.5 V. An input current of about 0.2mA Storage temperature -55°C to + 125°C
is required. A maximum current of 1 mA should not Operating ambient temperature -10°Cto +60°C
be exceeded.
9. Positive 12V supply.
10. Blue signal output
247
248
Semiconductors lVCIRCUITS
TDA2540 TDA2541
TELEVISION IF AMPLIFER AND DEMODULATOR
(TDA2540 for NPN tuners, TDA2541 for PNP tuners)
The TDA2540 and TDA2541 are IF amplifier and
demodulator circuits for colour 811d monochrome If INPUT [~PlfINPUT
television receivers using NPN and PNP tuners O£COUPUNG [ / '~J bIlECOUPL/NG
respectively. The two circuits are in other respects IF AMP. GAIN CONTROL [ -I 1~ PVCR SWITCH
identical. A VCR switch is incorporated for switching
TUNER AGe OUTPUT [ 4 u GRDtJ~O
off the video signal when inserting a VC R playback
signal. Afe OUTPUT [ " VIDEO OUTPUT
AFC SWITCH [ Ii
" POSITIVE SUPPLY
"
FEATURES AFt TUNING [ I <II AFC TUNING
IltMODULATOR TUNING [ 8 9 DEMODULATOR TUNING
• Gain-Controlled Wideband Amplifier. DP16
Providing Complete I F Gain
• Synchronous Demodulator
• White Spot Inverter
• Video Preamplifier with Noise Protection QUICK REFERENCE DATA
• DC Controlled AFC • Supply Voltage (pin 11): 12V typo
• AGC Circuit with Noise Gating • Supply Current: 50mA typo
• Tuner AGC Output • IF Input Voltage at f = 38.9MHz
• VCR Switch (pins 1 & 16): 100flV RMS typo
• Video Output Voltage (pin 12): 3V typo
• IF Voltage Gain Control Range: 64dB typo
• Signal-to-noise Ratio at Vin = 10mV:
58dB typo
• AFC OIP Voltage Swing for
.1.f = 100kHz (pin 6): 10V min.
T~N[R AGe
L<t.------9;r---------'
Fig. 2 TDA2540lTDA2541 block diagrams

249
TDA2540/ TDA2541
Supply voltage (pin 11) = 12V
T.mb = +25·C
Test circuits Figs. 9 & 10
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply Current 50 mA
Supply voltage range 11 10.2 12 13.8 V
IF input voltage for onset of AGC 1-16 100 150 IJV RMS f = 38.9 MHz
Differential input impedance 1-16 2//2 kO/l pF
Zero·signal output level 12 5.7 6.0 6.3 V
Top sync. output level 12 2.9 3.07 3.2 V
AFC output voltage swing 6 10 11 V Ll f = 100kHz
I F voltage control range 64 dB
Signal-to- noise ratio 58 dB Vin = 10mV, See Note 1
Video amplifier 3dB bandwidth 6 MHz
Differential gain 4 10 %
Differential phase 2 10 deg.
Carrier signal at video output 4 30 mV
2nd harmonic of carrier at video
output 20 30 mV
Change of frequency at AFC output
voltage swing of 10V 100 200 kHz
Intermodulation at 1.1 MHz
Blue 46 60 dB
Yellow 46 50 dB } See Note 2 and Figs 3 and 4
Intermodulation at 3.3MHz 46 54 dB
AFC switches off at: 6 2.5 V
VC R switches off at 14 1.1 V
White spot inverter threshold 6.6 V
White spot insertion level 4.7 V See Fig 5
Noise inverter threshold level 1.8 V
Noise insertion level 3.8 V
Typical tuner AGC output current 4 0 10 mA
Tuner AGC output voltage 4 0.3 V 14 = 10mA
Tuner AGC output leakage current 4 15 IJA V14 = 3V, V4 = 12V
NOTES:
Vout black-to-white
1. SIN ~-------
Vin at bandwidth ~ 5MHz
Vout at 4.4MHz
2. Intermodulation at 1.1 MHz ~ 20 log - - - - -
Vout at 1.1 MHz
Vout at 4.4MHz
3. Intermodulation at 3.3MHz ~ 20 log - - - - -
Vout at 3.3MHz
-lOdB -12dB
-I32dB ·IHdB
-r -r
SPECTRUM SPECtRUM
FOR FOR
YEllOW BLUE
sc ([ PC sc ([ PC
SC ~ Sound Carrie, level

CC = Chrominance Carrier level
PC ~ Pictu,e Carrie, level
all with ,especllo lap sync. level
Fig. 3 Input conditions for intermodulBlion measurements Fig. 4 Test set·up for ;ntermodulation
- standard colour bar with 75 percent contrast
250
TDA2540/ TDA2541
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
VIZ-I)
(VI
WH~'.:a(~L~H~E(::tR-66--f--------i
~(~~[~t:tll ~nl{;i-~l
WHIt( ~'HINSlR1IDH_41--'11-r----_=.J.1.""'
MOl$[ IHSlRJlDH tEVEL-U
IDPSYN( LEvEl---)
TlIoIE
Fig. 5 Video output waveform showing white spot and

noise inverter threshold levels
1I1n[0
OUTPUT
Fig. 9 TDA2540 typical application circuit
/
-) -, ]1"9 ., .)
r I MHz)
Fig. 6 AFe output voltage (pin 6) as a function of frequency
~
- - - - --- -- - -
-- ---- - - - -
,~-
-- ---- r-- --- .-- --- - - - -
'- \ ---
0 + 100 kHl
Fig. 7 Expansion of Fig. 6

\
\
+100kHr
Vlo(O
Oll!PUI
Fig. 10 TDA2541 typical application circuit
"
TVP
.-- Supply voltage
Tuner AGC voltage
l3.8V
l2V
V Storage temperature
Operating ambient temperature
-55°C to + 125°C
-10·C to +60°C
0 /
/
20
/
20
"
VI- 16
60 .
IOdB =100pVI
Fig. 8 Signal-la-noise ratio as a function of input voltage
251
252
CONSUMER
TVCIRcurrs
TDA2560
LUMINANCE AND CHROMINANCE CONTROL COMBINATION
The TDA2560 is an integrated circuit for use in colour ,
television receiver decoding systems, and consists of a CHAOMINANCE INPUT { '" CONTRAST CONTROL
luminance amplifier and a chrominance amplifier. The 1

" OUTPUT TO SYNC SEPARATOR
luminance amplifier has a low input impedance so that

luminance delay line matching is very easy. The
chrorriinance amplifier has a combined chroma and
Ace INPUT
SATURATION CONTROL .,
3
"
"
LUMINANCE INPUT
LUMINANCE GAIN CONTROL
burst output, the burst signal amplitude unaffected. by

GROUND
CHROMA AND BURST DIP , "PBLACK LEVEL CLAMP CAPACITOR
11 BRIGHTNfSS CONTRDt
contrast and saturation control.
GATING AND CLAMPING PULSE liP I lU bLUMmANCE OUTPUT
QUICK REFERENCE DATA POSITIVE SUPPLY B 9 PBLANKING PULSE INPUT DP16
•• Supply Voltage (pin 8)

Supply Current
12V typo
45mA typo FEATURES
Fig. 1 Pm connectIons (top View)
• Luminance Signal Input Current

(Black-to-White Value)
Luminance Amplifier
•
(pin 14)
Chrominance Input Signal
0.2mA typo
••DC Contrast Control
DC Brightness Control
•••
(pins 2 & 1) 4 to 80 mVp-p Black Level Clamp
• Luminance Output Signal at

Nominal Contrast (Black-to-White
Value) (pin 10) 3V typo
Blanking
Additional Video OIP with +ve Sync.
Chrominance Amplifier
• Chrominance Output Signal at
!\lominal Contrast and Saturation ••
Gain Control Amplifier
Chrominance Gain Control Tracked with
and 1.25Vp-p Burst Output Contrast Control
••
(pin 6)
Contrast Control Range
2.5Vp-p typo
>20dB •
Separate DC Saturation and Contrast
Controls
Saturation Control Range >20dB
to ~T~(
~IPAUIO~
•
Direct Delay Line Drive
lU~I~UCI
CII,ITPUI
Fig. 2 TDA2560 block diagram

253
TDA2560
Supply voltage (pin 8) = + 12V
T,mb= +25°C
Gain setting resistor, RG, (pin 13) = 2.7kO
Test circuit Fig. 5
Vall!e
Min. Typ. Max.
Supply voltage range 8 10 12 14 V

Supply cyrrent 8 45 mA Load on pin 6 = 1.5kO
no load on pins 10 and 15
Permitted supply line hum 8 100 mAp-p
Luminance Amplifier
Input signal current 14 0.2 mA Black-to-white value
Input bias 'current 14 0.25 mA
Input impedance 14 150 0 Input bias current = 0.25mA
Gain 13 See operating Note 1
Contrast control range 20 dB
Contrast control voltage range 16 See Fig. 3
Contrast control current 16 8 ~A
Black level range 10 1 3 V
Typical brightness control
voltage range 11 1 3 V
Brightness control current 11 20 ~A V,,>4V
Black level temperature
stability 0.1 mV;oC
Black level stability when
changing contrast See functional description
(pin 10)
Bandwidth (-3dB) 5 MHz At nominal contrast (Max
contrast setting -3dB)
Output voltage 10 3 V Black-to-white value
Output to sync separator 15 3.4 Vp-p 114 = 0.2mA black-to-white
Black level clamp pulse 7 See Operating Note 2
ON 7 Va V
OFF 5 V
Blanking pulse 9 See Operating Note 3
ON 2.5 4.5 For OV on pin 10
OFF 1.5 V
ON 6 Va V ·For 1.5V on pin 10
OFF 4.5 V
Chrominance Amplifier See note 1
Input signal 2-1 4 80 mVp-p
Chrominance output signal
at nominal contrast and
saturation level 6 2 Vp-p See note 2
Max, chrominance output 6 4.6 V
Bandwidth (-3dB) 6 MHz
Ratio of burst and
chrominance at nominal
contrast and saturation See Operating Notes 4 and 5
ACC starting voltage 3 1.2 V See Operating Note 6
ACC range 30 dB
Tracking between luminance
and chrominance with
contrast control ±1 dB 10dB control
Saturation control range 20 dB
Saturation control voltage
range 4 See Fig. 4
Gating pulse 7
ON 2.3 5 V
OFF 1 V
Width 8 ps
Signal-to-noise ratio 46 dB
Phase shift between burst
and chrominance 5 deg
NOTES:
1. A!I'figures for the chrominance signals are based on a colour bar signal with 75 per cent saturation: i.e. burst-to-chrominance ratio is 1 :2.
2. At a bur5t,signal of 1V peak-to-peak: see also Operating Notes 4 and 5.
254
TDA2560
0 0
( /
II
/ I
0
II 0
II
I /
II I
/ I
0
1- ..J 0
j
2 2
V 16 - 5 (V) V,-s IV)
Fig. 3 Contrast control of luminance and chrominance amplifier Fig. 4 Saturation control of chrominance amplifier
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 8. + 12V power supply

Correct operation occurs within the range 10 to 14V.
Functions listed by pin number. All signal and control levels have a linear dependency on
supply voltage but, in any given receiver design, this
1. and 2. Balanced chrominance input signal may be restricted due to consideration of tracking
This is derived from the chrominance signal bandpass between the power supply variations and picture
filter, designed to provide a push-pull input. A signal contrast and chroma levels.
amplitude of at least 4mV peak-to-peak is required
between pins 1 and 2. The chrominance amplifier is 9. Flyback blanking input waveform
stabilized by an external feedback loop from the output This pin is used for blanking the luminance amplifier.
(pin 6) to the input (pins 1 and 2). The required level Wh~n the input pulse exceeds the +2.5V level, the
at pins 1 and 2 will be 3V. output signal is blanked to a level of about OV. When
the input exceeds a +6V level, a fixed level of about
3. ACC input 1.5V is inserted in the output. This level can be used
A negative-going potential, starting at + 1.2V, gives for clamping purposes.
a 40dB range of ACC. Maximum gain reduction is
achieved at an input voltage of 500mV. 10. Luminance signal output
An emitter follower provides a low impedance output
4. Chrominance saturation control signal of 3V black-to-white amplitude at nominal
A control range of +6dB to -14dB is provided contrast setting having a black level in the range 1 to
over a range of DC potential on pin 4 from +2 to +4V. 3V. An external emitter load resistor is not required.
The saturation control is a linear function of the control The luminance amplitude available for nominal con-
voltage. trast may be modified according to the resistor value
from pin 13 to the + 12V supply. At an input bias
5. Negative supply (ground) current 114 of O.25mA during black level the amplifier is
compensated so that no black level shift more than 10V
6. Chrominance signal output occurs at contrast control. When the input current
For nominal settings of saturation and contrast deviates from the quoted value the black level shift
controls (max. - 6dB for saturation, and max. -3dB amounts to 1 OOmV /mA.
for contrast) both the chroma and burst are available at
this pin, and in the same ratio as at the input pins 1 and 11. Brightness control
2. The burst signal is not affected by the saturation and The black level at the luminance output (pin 10)
contrast controls. The ACC circuit of the TDA2522 will Is identical to the control voltage required at this pin.
hold the colour burst amplitude constant at the input A range of black level from 1 to 3V may be obtained.
of the TDA2522. As the PAL delay line is situated here
between the TDA2560 and TDA2522 there may be 12. Black level clamp capacitor
some variation of the nominal 1 V peak-to-peak burst
output of the TDA2560, according to the tolerances 13. Luminance gain setting resistor
of the delay line. An external network is required from The gain of the luminance amplifier may be adjusted
pin 6 of the TDA2560 to provide DC negative feedback by selection of the resistor value from pin 13 to +12V.
in the chroma channel via pins 1 and 2. Nominal luminance output amplitude is then 3V
black-to-white at pinl0 when this resistor is 2.7kQ and
7. Burst gating and clamping pulse input the input .current is 0.2mA black-to-white. Maximum
A two-level pulse is required at this pin to be used and minimum values of this resistor are 3.9k Q and
for burst gate and black level clamping. The black level 1.8kQ.
clamp is activated when the pulse level is greater than
7V. The timing of this interval shoLI1d be such that no 14. Luminance signal input
appreciable encroachment occurs into the sync pulse A low input impedance in the form of a current sink
on picture line periods during normal operation of the is obtained at this pin. Nominal input current is O.2mA
receiver. The burst gate, which switches the gain of the
chroma amplifier to maximum, requires that the input
pulse at pin 7 should be sufficiently wide (at least
8~s) at the actuating level of 2.3V.
255
TDA2560
black-to-white. The luminance signal may be coupled OPERATING NOTES
to pin 14 via a DC blocking capacitor and, in addition,
a resistor employed to give a DC current into pin 14 1. The gain of the luminance amplifier can be adjusted.
at black level of about· O.25mA. Alternatively DC by setting the gain of the contrast control circuit with
coupling from a signal source such as the TDA2541 selection of the discrete resistor RG (see Fig. 5). This
may be employed. circuit configuration has been chosen to reduce the
spread of the gain to a minimum (main cause of spread
15. luminance signal output for sync separator is the spread of the ratio of the delay line matching
purposes resistors and the resistor RG). At RG ~ 2.7k 0 the
A luminance signal output with positive-going sync output voltage at,nominal contrast (maximum -3dB)
is available which is not affected by the contrast control is 3V black-to-white for an input current 0.2mA black-
or the value of resistor at pin 13. This voltage is intended to-white.
for drive of sync separator circuits. The output amplitude 2. The pulse applied to pin 7 is used for gating of the
is 3.4V peak-to-peak when the luminance signal input chrominance amplifier and black level clamping. The
is O.2mA black-to-white. latter function is actuated at a + 7V level. The input
pulse must have such an amplitude that the clamping
16. Contrast control circuit is· active only during the back porch of the
With 3V on this pin the gain of the luminance channel blanking interval. The gating pulse switches the gain of
is such that O.2mA black-to-white at pin 14 gives a the chroma amplifier to maximum during the flyback
luminance output on pin 10 of 3V black-to-white. The time, when the pulse rises above 2.3V and switches it
nominal value of 2.7k 0 is then assumed for the resistor back to normal setting when the pulse falls below 1 V.
from pin 13 to the + 12V supply. The variation of control 3. The blanking pulse (pin 9) is used for blanking the
potential .at pin 16 from 2 to 4V gives -17 to +3dB luminance amplifier. When the pulse exceeds the 2.5V
gain variation of the luminance channel. A similar level the output signal is blanked to a level of about·
variation in the chrominance channel occurs in order to OV. When the input exceeds a +6V level a fixed level
provide correct tracking between the two signals. of typo + 1 .5V is inserted in the output signal. This
level can be used for clamping purposes.
4. The chrominance and burst signal are both available
LUMINA.NCE
INPUT SIGNAL
on pin 6. The burst signal is not affected by the contrast
and saturation control and is kept constant by the ACC
lUMINAN([
OUTPUT circuit of the TDA2522. The output of the delay line
matrix circuit. which is the ,input of the TDA2522, is
Me thus automatically compensated for the insertion
.-.D. BLACK LEV[l
losses. This means that the output signal of the TDA
J"""l.. (lAMP PULSE 2560 is determined by the insertion losses of the delay
'"
GATING PULSE line. At nominal contrast and saturation setting the
ratio of burst to chrominance signal at the output is
1l J\.. BLANKING
typically indentical to that at the input.
PULSE
5. Nominal contrast is specified as maximum contrast
-3dB. Nominal saturation is specified as maximum
(HROMtNAN(£
saturation -6dB.
AND BURST 6. A negative-going control voltage gives a decrease in
SIGNAL
gain.
CONTRAST SATURATION BRIGHTNESS
Fig. 5 Application and test circuit

Supply voltage 14V
Total power dissipation 930mW
Operating ambient temperature -10°C to +65°C
256
CONSUMER
TV CIRCUITS
TDA2590
The TDA2590 is an integrated line oscillator circuit

tVESUPI'lY( I GROUND
for colour television receivers using thyristor or tran- '"
sistor line deflection output stages. UNEOiP tVESUPPlY[ , 'I CSC.FREa CONTROL
The circuit incorporates a line oscillator which is LINE DRIVE PULSE [ DECOUPl.ING
based on the threshold switching principle, a line de-
I
"n
PULSE ~ATION SWITCH [ .j PHASE COMPARISON
flection output stage capable of direct drive of thyristor TIME CONSTANT SWITCH
deflection circuits, phase comparison between the
DECOUPIING
UNE FLYBACK PULSE
\
" VCR SWITCH
oscillator voltage and both the sync pulse and line
, "
flyback pulse. Also included on the chip is a switch for aURST GATING AND BLANKING f'tllSE
" NOISE SEPAJIATOR VP
changing the filter characteristic and the gate circuit VERTICAL SYNC PULSE 8 9 SYNC. SEPARATOR 1/1'
when used for VCR. DP16

II Coincidence Detector II Supply Voltage (pin 1) 12V typo
II Sync Separator • Supply Current 30mA typo
II Noise Separator II Sync Separator Input (pin 9) 3V p-p typo
II Vertical Sync Separator II Pulse Duration Switch Input (pin 4)
II Colour Burst Keying at t = 6f1s 9.4V to Vl
II Line Flyback at t = 14f1s + td OV to 4V
Pulse Generator .. VCR Switch ON (pin 11) OV to 1.5V and
9V to Vl
II Output Pulse Phase Shifter
II Output Pulse Duration Switching
Output signal
II Sync Gating Pulse Generator • Vertical Sync Pulse (pin 8)
III Low Supply Voltage Protection 11 V p-p (typ.)
II Burst Gating Pulse (pin 7) 11 V p-p (typ.)
II Line Drive Pulse (pin 3) 1O.5V p-p (typ.)
Voltages
Supply pin 1 (when supplied by the IC) 13.2V
Supply pin 2 laV
Pin 4 OV to 13.2V
Pin 9 -6V to +6V
Pin 10 -6V to +6V
Pin 11 OV to 13.2V
Currents
Pin 2 400mA peak
Pin 3 400mA peak
Pin 4 lmA peak
Pin 6 10m,A peak
Pin 7 10mA peak
Pin 11 2mA peak
Power dissipation
Total power dissipation aOOmW
Temperature
Operating ambient temperature _10°C to +60°C
257
TDA2590
tlPIN 1; POINT AI
BURST GATING
VERTICAL n. ANO
BLANKING
J\ lINE flYSA(k
TO lINf
OHU(TION
.r:-L SYNC PULSE
I""'t PULS £ PULSE
n
r----¢~---------Q~----------Q~---------¢,~---------¢' ,----
VIC£O INPUT'-t--i_____ n____ ~

" "
• SHORT-(III(Un
j,FOR '0. ADJUST
+ IPIN I,POINT Al
+IP1H I,PCHH Al
1 I
Fig. 2 TDA2590 block diagram
LINE DRIVE PULS:...J

TYP ~p+14J.1s VH6<4V
L
I'
LINE DRIVE PULS~
6ys V4-\6>94V
L- ld 0 -l~ JJ~
I' 'I' 'I

FLYBACK PULSE ___________________________ --IL---- . TYPIC,I,tr I: 12'OJls =-:J
L
_______
~i
SYNC PULSE
BURST I BLANKING
PULSE
I 6 1
"""-----j
~~lIV
ISANOCASTlEI _____________________________.J
f
Fig. 3 TDA2590 timing relationships
258
TDA2590
Supply voltage, V1 = 12V
Tamb = +25°C
Refer to timing diagram, Fig. 3 and Application circuit. Fig. 4
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Sync separator 9
Input switching voltage 0.8 V
I nput keying current 5 100 ~A
Input blocking current 1 ~A Vs= -5V
Input switching current 5 ~A
Noise separator 10
Input keying current 5 100 ~A
Input switching current 150 I'A
Input blocking current 1 ~A V10= -5V
Line flyback pulse 6
Input current 10 ~A
Input limiting voltage -0.7 +1.4 V
Input resistance 400 0
Pulse duration switch 4
Input voltage 9.4 V1 V t= 6~s
Input current 200 ~A
Input voltage 0 4.0 V t= 14~s +td
Input voltage 5.4 6.5 V t= O,V3= 0
Input current (input open) 0 ~A See note 1
VCR switch 11
Input voltage (typical range) 0 1.5 V See note 2
9 V1 V
Input current 200 ~A V11 = OVto 1.5V
Output current 1 2 mA V11 = 9Vto VI
Vertical sync pulse (positive going) 8
Output voltage 10 11 Vp-p
Output resistance 2 kO
Burst gating pulse (positive-going) 7
Output resistance 400 0
Blanking pulse 7
Output voltage (typical range) 2.5 3.5 Vp-p
Output resistance 400 0
Line drive pulse (positive going) 3
Output voltage 10.5 Vp-p
Output current (average value) 100 mA
Output resistance for leading edge
of line pulse 2.5 0
Output resistance for trailing edge
of line pulse 20 0
Oscillator 14
Threshold voltage low level 4.4 V
Threshold voltage high level 7.6 V
Discharge current 0.47 mA
Phase comparison (Illl: sync
pulse/oscillator) 13
Control voltage range (typ) 3.8 8.2 V
Control current 1.9 2.1 2.3 mAp-p
Output blocking current 1 I'A V13=4Vt08V
Output resistance High (see note 3) V13=4Vt08V
Low (see note 4) V13 <3.8Vor >8.2V
Time constant switch 12
Output voltage 6 V
Output current 1 mA
Output resistance 100 0 VII = 2.5V to 7V
60 kO V11 < 1.5Vor >9V
259
TDA2590
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Contd.)

Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Coincidence detector (03) 11

Output voltage typical range 0.5 6 V
Output current:
without coincidence 0.1 mAp-p
with coi ncidence 0.5 mAp-p
Phase comparison (02: oscillator/
line flyback pulse) 5
Control current 1 mAp-p
Output resistance High (see note 3) V5 = 5.4Vto 7.6V
8 kO Vs < 5.4Vor > 7.6V
Input current at blocked phase
detector 5 ~A Vs= 5.4Vt07.6V
Applications (see Fig. 4) 9

Sync separator
Input voltage (negative video signal) 1 3 7 Vp-p
Input keying current range 5 100 ~A
Noise gating 10
Input voltage 1 3 7 Vp-p
Superimposed noise voltage 7 Vp-p
Vertical sync pulse separator
Delay between leading edge of input
and output signal. ton 12 ~s
Delay between trailing edge of input
and output signal, toff ton ~s
Output resistance 8 2 kO
Oscillator
Frequency: free running 15.625 kHz C14= 4.7nF, R,S = 10kO
Spread of frequency. I'1fo/fo ±5 % See note 5
Frequency control
sensitivity, I'1fo/l'1hs 31 Hz/~A
Adjustment range of
network in Fig. 2 ±10 %
Influence of supply voltage
on frequency Mo/fo
±0.05 See note 5,V1 = 12V
I'1V/Vnom
Change of frequency when
V, drops to 5V ±10 % See note 5
Temperature coefficient of
oscillator frequency per DC ±1Q-4
Phase comparison (01: sync
purse/oscillator)
Control sensitivity 2 kHz/~s
Catching and holding range
(82kO between pins 13 and 15) ±780 Hz R'3-1S=82kO
Spread of catching and holding range ±10 % See note 5
line flyback pulse)
Permissible delay between leading
edge of output pulse and leading
edge of flyback pulse. I'1td 0 15 ~s
Static control error. td/td 0.2 %
Overall phase relation See Note 6
Phase relation between middle of
sync pulse and the middle of the
flyback pulse, t 2.6 ~s
Tolerance of phase relation I'1t 0.7 ~s
Adjustment sensitivity of
overall phase relation 5
caused by: adjustment voltage
I'1V5/l'1t 0.1 V/~s
adjustment current,
1'115/l'1t 30 ~A/~s
260
TDA2590

/
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Burst gating pulse
sync pulse at the input and the
trailing edge of the burst gating
pulse 7 5.8 6.6 7.4 ps At 7V level
sync pulse at the input and the V7=7V
leading edge of the burst gating
pulse 7 1.0 1.9 2.8 ps At 7V level
Line drive pulse
Output pulse duration, tp for thyristor OIP 3 4,5 6.0 7.5 ps V4 >9.4V
Output pulse duration, tplfor transistor OIP 3 14+td ps V4 <4V, see note 7
Supply voltage for switching
off the output pu Ise 1 4 V
Internal gating pulse
Pulse duration 7.5 ps
NOTES
1. May also be left unconnected
2. VCR 'on' is normally achieved by connecting pins 11. via the VCR switch. to either ground or Vl
3. Current source
4. Emittp.r follower
5. Excluding external component tolerances
6. The adjustment of the overall phase relation and consequently the leading edge of the output pulse occurs automatically by phase
detector 2 (see Fig. 2)
7. td = switch-off delay of line output stage.
-tIPI'" 11
LINE FLY8ACl(
BURST (jATIN(j PUlJ\."

-.'""
A~T) BlANI(:NG
PULSE
VERTICAL
SYNC PULSE
116:rt.
VIDEO INPUT
~i'"
lSk Hk
041)1
;;J;100 P
261
262
CONSUMER
lVCIRcurrs
TDA2591/3
The TDA2591 and TDA2593 are integrated line

oscillator circuits for colour television receivers using tVESUPPl.Y -;--'- -r-:: p GROUND
thyristor or transistor line deflection output stages. LINE DIP +VE SUPPlY I"P OSCFREDCONTRDL
The circuits incorporate a line oscillator which is LINE ORIVE PULSE 11POECOUPl.ING
based on the threshold switching principle. a line de- PUtS, MATION SWlTCH , ' PPHASE COMPARISON
flection output stage capable of direct drive of thyristor
deflection circuits. phase comparison between the OECOUPL\NG " PTIME CONSTANT SWITCH
I.'
oscillator voltage and both the sync pulse and line LINE FlYBACKPUlSE IPVCASWITCH
flyback pulse. Also included on the chip is a switch for BURST GATING AND BLANKING PULSE , III PNO~E SEPARATOR VP
changing the filter characteristic and the gate circuit VERTICAL SYNC_PULSE
" I P SEPARATOR tiP
SYNC.
DPt6
when used for VCR.
The TDA2593 generates a sandcastle pulse (at pin
7) suitable for use with the TDA2532. Fig. 1 Pin connections (top view)
• Coincidence Detector • Supply Voltage (pin 1) 12V typo

• Sync Separator • Supply Current 30mA typo
• Noise Separator • Sync Separator Input (pin 9) 3V p-p typo
Ii Vertical Sync Separator • Pulse Duration Switch Input (pin 4)
• Colour Burst Keying at t ~= 7fls 9.4V to Vl
at t = 14 flS T td OV to 4V
• Line Flyback • VCR Switch ON (pin 11) OV to 1.5V and
Pulse Generator
9V to V,
• Output Pulse Phase Shifter
Output signal
• Output Pulse Duration Switching
• Sync Gating Pulse Generator • Vertical Sync Pulse (pin 8)
• Low Supply Voltage Protection 11 V p-p (typ)
• Burst Gating Pulse (pin 7) 11 V p-p (typ.)
• Line Drive Pulse (pin 3) 1O.5V p-p (typ.)
Voltages
Supply pin 1 (when supplied by the IC) 13.2V
Supply pin 2 18V
Pin 4 OV to 13.2V
Pin 9 -6V to +6V
Pin 10 -6V to +6V
Pin 11 OV to 13.2V
Currents
Pin 2 400mA peak } ..
Pin 3 400mA peak 650mA thYristor drive only
Pin 4 1 mA peak
Pin 6 10mA peak
Pin 7 10mA peak
Pin 11 2mA peak
Power dissipation
Total power dissipation 800mW
Temperature
Storage temperature _55°C to + 125°C
Operating ambient temperature _10'oC to +60°C
TDA2591/ TDA2593
t1PI"!1; POINT A I
BURST GATING
YERTICAL ~
AN'
n BLANKING f\ LINE fLYBAC~ 10 LINE
OEftf{TlON
J \..PUlSE
s-L ~YN( PULSE r'LPtilSE
n
VIDEO INPUT
11
Vv 'C,
1 J .,
;; + (PIN I,POINT Al
+IPIN1;POINT Al
;J; 1 1 I
Fig. 2 TDA2591/3 block diagram
I
LINE D~IVE P'JLSE
TYP tp+1' s -.I '0'4-16<4'0' L
I lP5'5-~
LINE DRIVE PULSE

6jJs ---I I::. V~-16> N \
1
L-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
I. ld lI-1S fl~
'\'
FLYBACK PULSE - - - - - - - - - - - - - -... I.~----:_"':'=T='--- ,I
SYNC PULSE
BURST I BLANKING
ISA~~mTLEI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--l
Fig. 3 TDA2591/3 timing relations
264
TDA2591/TDA2593
Supply voltage, VI = 12V
Tamb = +25°C
Refer to timing diagram, Fig. 3 and Application circuit, Fig. 4
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Sync separator 9
Input switching voltage O.S V
Input blocking current 1 ~A V9= -5V
Noise separator 10
Input blocking current 1 ~A Vl0= -5V
Line flyback pulse 6
Input current 10 ~A
Input limiting voltage -0.7 +1.4 V
Input resistance 400 n
Pulse duration switch 4
Input voltage 9.4 VI V t= 7flS
Input voltage 0 4.0 V t=14~s+ld
I nput voltage 5.4 6.5 V t=O,V3=0
Input current (input open) 0 ~A See note 1
VCR Switching 11
Input voltage (typical range) 0 1.5 V See note 2
9 VI V
Input current 200 ~A VII = OVto 1.5V
Output current 1 2 mA Vll=9VtOVl
Vertical sync pulse (positive going) S
Output resistance 2 kn
Burst ,gating pulse (positive-going) 7
,Output voltage 10 11 Vp-p
Output resistance 400 n
Blanking pulse 7
Output voltage (typical range) 2591 2.5 3.5 Vp-p
Output voltage (typical range) 2593 4.0 5.0 Vp-p
Output resistance 400 n
Line drive pulse (positive going) 3
Output voltage 10.5 Vp-p
Output current (average value) 100 mA
Output resistance for leading edge
of line pulse 2.5 n
Output resistance for trailing edge
of line pulse 20 n
Oscillator 14
Threshold voltage low level 4.4 V
Threshold voltage high level 7.6 V
Discharge current 0.47 mA
Phase comparison (01: sync
pulse/oscillator) 13
Control voltage range (typ) 3.S S.2 V
Control current 1.9 2.1 2.3 mAp-p
Output blocking current 1 ~A VI3=4VtoSV
Output resistance High (see note 3) V13= 4Vt08V
Low (see note 4) V13 <3,SVor >S.2V
Time constant switch 12
Output voltage 6 V
Output current 1 mA
Output resistance 100 n Vl1 = 2.5Vto 7V
60 kn Vl1 < 1.5Vor >9V
265
TDA2591/ TDA2593

Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Coincidence detector (03) 11

Output voltage typical range 0.5 6 V
Output current:
without coincidence 0.1 mAp-p
with coincidence 0.5 mAp-p
Phase comparison (1ZI2: oscillator/
line flyback pulse) 5
_ A .........
Control current 1 "I"'p-tJ
Output resistance High (see note 3) V5= 5.4Vt07.6V
8 kO V5 <5.4Vor > 7.6V
Input current at blocked phase
detector 5 ~A V5 = 5.4Vto 7.6V
Applications (see Fig. 4) 9

Sync separator
Input voltage (negative1video signal) 1 3 7 Vp-p
Noise gating 10
Input voltage 1 3 7 Vp-p
Superimposed noise voltage 7 Vp-p
Vertical sync pulse separator
Delay between leading edge of input
and output signal. ton 12 ~s
Delay between trailing edge of input
and output signal. toff ton ~s
Output resistance 8 2 kO
Oscillator
Frequency: free running 15.625 kHz C14= 4.7nF. R'5 = 10kO
Spread of frequency. ~fo/fo ",5 % See note 5
Frequency control
sensitivity. ~fo/ Uh5 31 Hz/~A
Adjustment range of
network in Fig. 2 :1:10 %
Influence of supply voltage
on frequency Mo/fo
±0.05 See note 5.V, = 12V
~V/Vnom
Change of frequency when
V, drops to 5V ±10 % See note 5
Temperature coefficient of
oscillator frequency per °C :i:10-4
Phase comparison (0, : sync
pulse/oscillator)
Control sensiti'ifity 2 kHz/~s
Catching and holding range
(82kO between pins 13 and 15) ±780 Hz R'3-'5 = 82kO
Spread of catching and holding range ±10 % See note 5
line flyback pulse)
Permissible delay between leading
edge of output pulse and leading
edge of flyback pulse. ~td 0 15 ~s
Static control error. td/td 0.2 %
Overall phase relation See Note 6
sync pulse and the middle of the
flyback pulse. t 2.6 ~s
Tolerance of phase relation ~t 0.7 ~s
Adjustment sensitivity of
overall phase relation 5
caused by: adjustment voltage
~V5/ ~t 0.1 V/~s
adjustment current.
~15/ ~t 30 ~A/~s
266
TDA2591/TDA2593
Value
Min. Typ. Max.
Burst gating pulse
Pulse width 7 3.7 4.0 4.3 ~s At 7V level
sync pulse at the input and the V7=7V
leading edge of the burst gating
pulse 7 2.15 2.65 3.15 ~s At 7V level
line drive pulse
Output pulse duration, tp 3 5.5 7.0 8.5 ~s V. >9.4V
3 14+td ~s V. <4V, see note 7
Supply voltage for switching
off the output pulse 1 4 V
Internal gating pulse
Pulse duration 7.5 ~s
NOTES
1. May also be left unconnected
2. VCR 'on' is normally achieved by connecting pins 11. via the VCA switch. to either ground or V1
3. Current source
4. Emitter follower
5. Excluding external component tolerances
6. The adjustment of the overall phase relation and consequently the leading edge of the output pulse occurs automatically by phase
detector 2 (See Fig. 2)
7. td = switch-off delay of line output stage.
LIN! fltBA(K
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COMMON 3
NOTE - CASE IS THIRD ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
TO-3
KM 3
.245" / .260" SQUARE .043" / 0.57"

6.22mm /6.60mm 1.09mm / 1.45mm
.225" / .235" SQUARE

5.72mm /5.97mm
.010" / .020"
0.25mm /0.51mm
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3.94mm 14.19mm
18 LEAD LEAD LESS CARRIER
GC 18
278
9. Plessey Semiconductors
World Wide
279
280
PLESSEY SALES REPRESENTATIVES:
ALABAMA: Huntsville (205) 883-9260 Remco
ARIZONA: Scottsdale (602) 948-4404 Faser Technical Sales
CANADA: Bolton (416) 857-4302 MacKay Associates
CALIFORNIA: Goleta (805) 964-8751 The Thorson Company of So_ California
Alhambra (213) 281-2280 The Thorson Company of So_ California
Irvine (714) 557-4460 The Thorson Company of So. California
Los Angeles (213) 487-1241 The Thorson Company of So. California
San Diego (714) 292-8525 The Thorson Company of San Diego
FLORIDA: Plantation (305) 473-2101 Gallagher Associates
GEORGIA: Duluth (404) 476-1730 Remco
ILLINOIS: Arlington Heights (312) 956-1000 Micro Sales Inc.
MARYLAND: Beltsville (301) 937-5902 Applied Engineering Consultants
MASSACHUSETTS: Natick (617) 655-6080 Wayland Engineering Sales
MICHIGAN: Brighton (313) 227-1786 S.A.1. Marketing Corp.
MINNESOTA: Bloomington (612) 884-8291 Electronics Sales Agency Inc.
MISSOURI: Independence (816) 254-3600 Engineering Services Company
St Louis (314) 997-1515 Engineering Services Company
NEW MEXICO: Phoenix (602) 266-2164 Eltron
NEW YORK: Plainview (516) 681-3155 Robert Smith Assocs.
Spring Valley (914) 354-6067 Robert Smith Assocs.
Skaneateles (315) 685-5731 Robtron Inc.
NORTH CAROLINA: Raleigh (919) 847-5079 Remco
OHIO: Shaker Heights (216) 751-3633 S.A.1. Marketing Corp.
Centerville (513) 435-3181 S.A.1. Marketing Corp.
Zanesville (614) 454-8942 S.A.1. Marketing Corp.
PENNSYLVANIA Pittsburgh (412) 261-0482 S.A.1. Marketing Corp.
Huntingdon Valley (215) 947-5641 Dick Knowels Associates
TEXAS: Arlington (817) 640-9101 W. Pat Fralia Company Inc.
Houston (703) 772-1572 W. Pat Fralia Company Inc.
Austin (512) 451-3325 W. Pat Fralia Company Inc.
VIRGINIA: McLean (703) 356-6309 Applied Engineering Consultants
PLESSEY DISTRIBUTORS
(Dial direct for orders under 100 pieces and faster delivery)
CALIFORNIA: Palo Alto (415) 856-9332 Nepenthe

Irvine (714) 540-9979 Plessey Semiconductors
CANADA: Toronto (416) 364-9281 G.E.C. Canada Ltd.
MARYLAND: Beltsville (301) 937-8321 Applied Engineering Consultants
NEW YORK: Plainview (516) 249-6677 Plainview Electronic Supply Corp.
TEXAS: Ft. Worth (817) 429-8596 Pat co Supply
PLESSEY REGIONAL OFFICES

BRYAN PROCTER JONATHAN HILL PATREDKO A.J. WILLIS VERN REEB
Western Sales Manager Midwest Sales Manager Eastern Sales Manager S.E. Sales/Applications Central Sales/Applications
710 Lakeway 4849 N. Scott 89 Marcus Blvd. 7094 Peachtree Ind. Blvd. 112 East High Street
Suite 265 Suite 121 Hauppauge, NY 11787 Suite 295 Hicksville, OH 43526
Sunnyvale, CA 94086 Schiller Park,lL 60176 (516) 273-3060 Norcross, GA 30071 (419)542-7544
(408)730-1111 (312) 6763260/3281 TLX 961419 TELL USA HAUP (404) 447-6910
TWX 91()'227-0053 TLX7()'7309
Service NSCs
281
282
EUROPE
sales offices
BENELUX Plessey S.A., Chausee de St. Job 638, Brussels 1180, Belgium. Tel: 023745973. Tx: 22100
FRANCE Plessey France S.A., 16)0 Rue Petrar4ue, 75016 Paris. Tel: 7274349 Tx: 62789
ITALY Plessey S.p.A., Corso Sempione 73, 20149 Milan. Tel: 349 1741 Tx: 37347
SCAN 01 NAVIA Svenska Plessey A.B .. Aistrornergatan 39, 4tr, S-112 47 Stockholm 49, (P.O. Box 49023 S-10o 28
Stockholm 49) Sweden. Tel: 08 23 55 40 Tx: 10558
SWITZERLAND Plessey Verkaufs A.G., Glattalstrasse 18, CH-8052 Zurich. Tel: 50 36 55,503682 Tx: 54824
UNITED KIN GOO M Plessey Semiconductors, Cheney Milnor, SWlndon, Wilts. SN2 ZQW Tel: 0793 36251
WEST GERMANY Plessey GmbH., 8 Munchen 40, Motorstrasse 56, Tel: (89) 351 6021/6024 Tx: 5215322
Plessey GmbH, Moselstrasse 18, Postfach 522. 4040 Neuss. Tel: (02101) 44091 Tx: 517844
283
agents
AUSTRALIA Plessey Australia Pty. Ltd .• Components Div .• P.O. Box 2. Christina Road. Villawood. N.S.W. 2163.
Tel: 72 0133 Tx: 20384
AUSTRIA Plessey GesmbH .• Postfach 967. A-l011 Vienna. Tel: 63 45 75 Tx: 75 963
BRAZIL Plessey Brazil. Caixa Postal 7821. Sao Paulo. Tel: (011) 269 0211. Tx: 112338
CANADA Plessey Canada Ltd .• 300 Supertest Road. Downsview. Toronto. Ontario. Tel: 661 3711. Tx: 065-24488
EASTERN EU ROPE Plessey Co. Ltd .• 29 Marylebone Rd .• London NWl 5JU. England. Tel: 01 486 4091.
Tx: 27331
EIRE Plessey Ireland Ltd., Mount Brown, Old Kilmainham. Dublin 8. Tel: 75 8451/2. Tx: 4831
GREECE Plessey Co. Ltd., Hadjigianni Mexi 2. Athens. Tel: (21) 724 3000. Tx. 219251
HONG KONG Plessey Company Ltd., Tugu Insurance Building. 12th floor. 1 Lockhart Road. GPO Box 617
Tel: 5-275555 Tx: 74754
JAPAN Cornes & Co Ltd .• Maruzen Building, 2 Chome Nihonbashi-Dori. C.P.O. Box 158, Chuo-ku. Tokyo 103.
Tel: 272-5771. Tx: 24874
Cornes & Co Ltd., Marden House, C.P.O. Box 329, Osaka. Tel: 532-1 012j1 019. Tx: 525-4496
NETHERLAN DS Plessey Fabrieken N.V., Van de Mortelstraat 6. P.O. Box 46, Noordwijk. Tel: 01719 19207.
Tx: 32008
NEW ZEALAN D Plessey (N.Z.) Ltd., Ratanui Street, Private Bag. Henderson, Auckland 8. Tel: Henderson 64 189.
Tx: 2851
PORTU GAL Plessey Autohlatica Electrica, Portugesa S.A.R.L.. Av. Infant D. Henrique 333. Apartado 1060. Lisbon 6.
Tel: 313171/9 Tx: 12190
SOUTH AFRICA Plessey South Africa Ltd., Forum Building, Struben Street. (P.O. Box 2416) Pretoria 0001
Transvaal. Tel: 34511 Tx: 53-0277
SPAIN The Plessey Company Ltd., Calle Martires de Alcala, 4-3 Dcha., Madrid 8. Tel: 248 12 18 and
0
248 38 82 Tx: 42701
284
distributors
FRANCE Scientech, 11 Avenue Ferdi:li nd Buisson, 75016 Paris. Tel: 609 91 36 Tx: 26042
ITALY Melchioni, Via P. Colletta 39, 20135 Milan. Tel: 5794
SCAN DlIIIAVIA Scans~pply AI S., Nannasgade 20, Dk-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel: 1-83 5090 Tx: 19037
Oy Ferrado A.B. Nylandsgatan 2C, 00120 Helsinki 12, Finland. Tel: 65 60 05 Tx: 121394
Skandinavisk Elektronikk AI S., Ostre Aker Vei 99, Veitvedt. Oslo 5, Norway. Tel: (02) 15 00 90
Tx: 11963
UNITED KINGDOM (For all circuits except T.V.)
Farnell Electronic Components Ltd., Canal Road, Leeds LS12 2TU Tel: 0532636311 Tx: 55147
Gothic Electronic Components, Beacon House, 'Hampton Street, Birmingham B19 3LP. Tel: 021 2368541 Tx: 338731
Semiconductor Specialists (UK) Ltd" Premier House, Fairfield Road, Yiewsley, West Drayton, Middlesex.
Tel: 0895446415 Tx: 21958
SDS Components Ltd., The Airport, Eastern Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire P03 5QR. Tel: 0705 65311 Tx: 86114
For T.V. circuits only:-
Best Electronics (Slough) Ltd., Unit 4, Farnburn Avenue, Slough, Bucks SL1 4XU Tel: (0753) 31700/39322
C_P.C. Ltd .. 194-200 North Road, Preston PRl 1YP. Tel: (0772) 55034 Tx: 677122
WEST GERMANY
PLZl Dr. Guenther Dohrenberg, 1000 Berlin 30, Bayreuther Strasse 3. Tel: (030) 21 38 043-45
PlZ2 Nordelektronik GmbH-KG, 2085 Quickborn, Harksheiderweg 238-240. Tel: (04 106) 4031 Tx: 02 14299
PlZ6 Mansfeld GmbH & Co. KG, 6000 Frankfurt. Zohelstrasse 11. Tel: (0611) 4470 20
PlZ7 Astronic GmbH & Co. KG, 7000 Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Gruendgenstrasse 7. Tel: (0711) 734918
PlZ8 Neumuller & Co. GmbH, 8021 Tauskirchen, Eschenstrasse 2. Tel: 0896118231 Tx: 0522106
285
286

1981 Plessey Television IC Handbook

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~

2. TV FREQUENCY SYNTHESISER APPLICATIONS ............................. 27-42

3. INFRA-RED REMOTE CONTROL APPLICATIONS ............................ 43-50

4. REMOTE CONTROL FOR TOYS APPLICATIONS ............................. 51-64

5. ELECTRONIC TOUCH CONTROL APPLICATIONS ........................... 65-76

6. REMOTE CONTROL USING PPM ............................................ 77-94

7. TECHNICAL DATA ......................................................... 99-268

8. PACKAGES ............................................................... 269-278

9. PLESSEY SEMICONDUCTORS WORLD WiDE .............................. 279-284

ALL TBA, TCA, lOA DEVICES ARE SECOND-SOURCED.

HIGH SPEED DATA CONVERSION PRODUCTS

PlESSEY NOVOl MNOS

MN9102 4-bit Data latch ( + 5V, -12V)

Sl440 Proportional phase

Sl441 Similar to Sl440, with

irons and food warmers. ~~~~~ I

Sl443 Similar to Sl441 with

Sl444 Similar to Sl441 for 240V

with thermal trip,

Sl445 Proportional or On/Off

Sl446 On/Off servo loop temper·

TBAI085 Motor speed control

METAL GATE MOS

Depletion/Enhancement /30 (MOS)=4 to 9/lAN' BVOSS=20 volts BVoss=20 volts

CUSTOM DESIGNS MN9000 SERIES CUSTOM DESIGNS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS

ASSEMBLY OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

<> MONITOR OR QUALITY

class class class *standard

HERMETICITY HERMETICITY HERMETICITY HERMETICITY

FINAL FINAL FINAL

Plessey Semiconductors reserve the right to change the

Fig. 1 The Key System

The Synthesiser Block (comprising three inte-

A system giving local or remote selection of up

Fig. 3 A single-standard CT20 14-con trol/ed system

Fig. 5 A multistandard CT2014·control/ed system

Fig. 6 A microprocessor·controlled system

.5. CER1~~ ___--l+'2V

Fig. 7 A multistandard CT2015·controlled system

Fig. 8 A CT2015·controlled system incorporating full remote control

Fig. 9 A possible keyboard with transmitter codes

Summary Control Circuit options

Fig. 1 Basic phase·/ocked loop

Fig. 2 Simple practical synthesiser

The Key System Principle

Start with the Synthesiser Block +

YOUR OWN SYSTEM

CT2010. CT20I2. CT20I7 Synthesiser Block

SHADED AREA REPRESENTS

Transmitter Chip SL490

Choice of PPM Frequencies

Fig. 3. Infra-red Transmitter

Fig. 3. Common Emitter Arrangement Fig. 4. Recommended Receiver Time Constant

liP 0----1:'" TA'

260 260 570 570

Fig. 6. SL480 with simple bias for the Detector

Fig. 7. Typical Infra-red Amplifier application with ImprovedDetector Biasing.

Fig.1 SL480 high gain pulse preamplifier

used for the front end. After filtering ,------------,-i c.-....

be fed to the receiver via a buffer 11.!...",.I-r..,.------Inril YIbu..

~ ~ ~ ____-4-4 ~----------+-~---OV