Introduction to Management

Planning function
1. Which of the following is NOT a key element of a good plan?
a) Clear and specific goals
b) Vague and undefined objectives
c) Realistic timelines
d) Actionable strategies
Answer: b) Vague and undefined objectives
2. What is the primary role of planning in management?
a) To allocate resources effectively
b) To minimize risks and uncertainties
c) To establish direction and purpose
d) All of the above
Answer: c) To establish direction and purpose
3. What is the difference between goals and objectives?
a) Goals are long-term, while objectives are short-term
b) Goals outline what needs to be achieved, while objectives outline how it will be achieved
c) Goals are general, while objectives are specific
d) There is no real difference between goals and objectives
Answer: b) Goals outline what needs to be achieved, while objectives outline how it will be achieved

4 . Which of the following is NOT a step in the planning process?

a) Establishing timelines
b) Defining goals and objectives
c) Allocating resources
d) Implementing contingencies
Answer: d) Implementing contingencies (It is a part of the plan, but not the planning process itself)
1. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective planning?
a) Improved decision making
b) Higher employee job satisfaction
c) Enhanced resource allocation
d) Reduced organizational complexity
Answer: b) Higher employee job satisfaction
2. What is the difference between strategic planning and operational planning?
a) Strategic planning is focused on short-term goals, while operational planning is focused on long-
term goals
b) Strategic planning is focused on external factors, while operational planning is focused on
internal factors
c) Strategic planning is broader in scope, while operational planning is more detailed and specific
d) There is no significant difference between strategic and operational planning
Answer: c) Strategic planning is broader in scope, while operational planning is more detailed and
specific

7 . What is the primary purpose of contingency planning?

a) To identify potential risks and uncertainties
b) To create a backup plan to use if the primary plan fails
c) To allocate resources effectively
d) To determine the allocation of resources for specific projects
Answer: b) To create a backup plan to use if the primary plan fails
1. What is the main difference between a goal and an objective in planning?
a) A goal is more broad and general, while an objective is more specific and measurable
b) A goal is more short-term, while an objective is more long-term
c) A goal is more tangible, while an objective is more intangible
d) There is no significant difference between a goal and an objective in planning
Answer: a) A goal is more broad and general, while an objective is more specific and measurable.
2. Which of the following is NOT a common type of planning used in organizations?
a) Tactical planning
b) Operational planning
c) Procedural planning
d) Strategic planning
Answer: c) Procedural planning (This is not typically considered a distinct type of planning in
organizational management)
3. Why is flexibility important in planning?
a) It allows for changes to be made to the plan as conditions change
b) It indicates that the plan has been thoroughly thought out
c) It ensures that the plan is highly detailed and specific
d) It reduces the need for contingency planning
Answer: a) It allows for changes to be made to the plan as conditions change
Organizing Function:
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective organizing?
a) Clear lines of authority and communication
b) Efficient allocation of resources
c) High degree of centralization
d) Adequate delegation of responsibility
Answer: c) High degree of centralization
3. What is the purpose of departmentalization in organizing?
a) To create a hierarchy of responsibilities
b) To establish lines of authority and communication
c) To group similar functions together
d) To allocate resources efficiently
Answer: c) To group similar functions together
4. What is the difference between formal and informal organizing?
a) Formal organizing is more effective than informal organizing
b) Formal organizing involves written communication, while informal organizing involves verbal
communication
c) Formal organizing is more rigid, while informal organizing is more flexible
d) There is no significant difference between formal and informal organizing
Answer: c) Formal organizing is more rigid, while informal organizing is more flexible
5. What is the purpose of delegating authority in organizing?
a) To reduce the workload of top-level managers
b) To empower employees and increase their job satisfaction
c) To establish clear lines of communication
d) To centralize decision making
Answer: b) To empower employees and increase their job satisfaction
6. What is the difference between coordination and collaboration?
a) Coordination involves the management of resources, while collaboration involves the sharing of
ideas
b) Coordination involves leadership, while collaboration involves teamwork
c) Coordination involves synchronization of efforts, while collaboration involves joint decision
making
d) There is no significant difference between coordination and collaboration
Answer: c) Coordination involves synchronization of efforts, while collaboration involves joint decision
making.
7. Which of the following is a common approach to departmentalization?
a) Functional
b) Geographical
c) Product
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
8. What is the difference between specialization and division of labor in organizing?
a) Specialization involves grouping similar functions together, while division of labor involves
breaking down complex tasks into simpler ones
b) Specialization involves creating separate departments for different functions, while division of
labor involves assigning tasks to specific individuals or groups
c) Specialization involves centralizing decision making, while division of labor involves delegating
authority to lower-level employees
d) There is no significant difference between specialization and division of labor in organizing
Answer: a) Specialization involves grouping similar functions together, while division of labor involves
breaking down complex tasks into simpler ones
9. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective organizing?
a) Improved communication and coordination
 b) Increased employee job satisfaction
c) Enhanced productivity and efficiency
d) Stagnation of organizational resources
Answer: d) Stagnation of organizational resources
10. What is the main purpose of span of control in organizing?
a) To determine the number of employees in a department
b) To identify areas of potential overlap or redundancy
c) To establish clear lines of communication
d) To evaluate the effectiveness of management
Answer: a) To determine the number of employees in a department
11. What is the difference between an organization chart and a job description?
a) An organization chart shows the hierarchy of positions in a company, while a job description
outlines the tasks and responsibilities of a specific job
b) An organization chart outlines the tasks and responsibilities of a specific job, while a job
description shows the hierarchy of positions in a company
c) There is no significant difference between an organization chart and a job description
d) An organization chart is used in planning, while a job description is used in organizing
Answer: a) An organization chart shows the hierarchy of positions in a company, while a job description
outlines the tasks and responsibilities of a specific job.
Directing functions
1. Which of the following is not a function of a director?
a) Planning
b) Hiring employees
c) Networking
d) Improving business processes
Answer: b) Hiring employees
2. Which of the following describes the responsibility of a director in managing employee performance?
a) Setting goals and objectives
b) Establishing policies and procedures
c) Providing feedback and coaching
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
3. Which of the following is an important consideration for directors when managing conflict?
a) Encouraging competition among employees
b) Taking sides in a dispute
c) Maintaining objectivity and impartiality
d) Ignoring the issue and hoping it goes away
Answer: c) Maintaining objectivity and impartiality
4. Which function of a director involves setting long-term organizational goals and objectives?
 a) Strategic planning
b) Decision-making
c) Resource allocation
d) Monitoring performance
Answer: a) Strategic planning
5. Which of the following is not an important skill for a director?
a) Leadership
b) Teamwork
c) Technical expertise
d) Solving complex problems
Answer: c) Technical expertise
6. Which function of a director involves managing financial resources?
a) Budgeting
b) Performance evaluation
c) Conflict resolution
d) Marketing
Answer: a) Budgeting
7. Which of the following best describes what it means to lead by example?
a) Giving orders to employees
b) Providing guidance and support
c) Following the same rules and expectations as everyone else
d) Providing rewards to high-performing employees
Answer: c) Following the same rules and expectations as everyone else
8. Which of the following is not a step in the decision-making process?
a) Identifying alternatives
b) Analyzing the problem
c) Ignoring potential risks
d) Selecting the best solution
Answer: c) Ignoring potential risks
9. Which of the following is an important consideration for directors when delegating responsibilities?
a) Assigning tasks based on employee seniority
b) Identifying employee strengths and weaknesses
c) Micromanaging employees
d) Keeping all important tasks to themselves
Answer: b) Identifying employee strengths and weaknesses
10. Which function of a director involves monitoring progress towards achieving established goals?
a) Planning
b) Decision-making
c) Resource allocation
d) Performance evaluation
Answer: d) Performance evaluation
Controlling Functions
1. Which of the following is not a step in the controlling function of management?
a) Establishing standards
b) Measuring performance
c) Providing feedback
d) Hiring new employees
Answer: d) Hiring new employees
2. What is the purpose of the controlling function?
a) To establish goals and objectives
b) To motivate employees
c) To monitor performance and ensure that goals are being met
d) To provide training and development opportunities for employees
Answer: c) To monitor performance and ensure that goals are being met
3. What is the difference between feedforward and feedback control?
a) Feedforward control focuses on future performance, while feedback control focuses on past
performance
b) Feedforward control measures performance against established standards, while feedback control
establishes performance standards
c) Feedforward control is more effective than feedback control
d) There is no difference; feedforward and feedback control are the same thing
Answer: a) Feedforward control focuses on future performance, while feedback control focuses on past
performance
4. What is a control process?
a) The system used to manage employees
b) The process of measuring performance against established standards
c) The process of hiring new employees
d) The process of setting goals and objectives
Answer: b) The process of measuring performance against established standards
5. Which of the following is an example of a control system in a manufacturing environment?
a. Employee training program
b. Quality control checks
c. Employee performance evaluations
d. Team-building retreats
Answer: b) Quality control checks
6. What is the purpose of a control chart?
a) To provide feedback to employees on their performance
b) To monitor progress towards achieving goals
c) To measure the effectiveness of a training program
 d) To track performance over time and identify trends
Answer: d) To track performance over time and identify trends
7. Which of the following is not a benefit of effective control systems?
a) Improved decision-making
b) Increased employee motivation
c) Higher-quality products or services
d) Greater accountability
Answer: b) Increased employee motivation
8. What is the difference between bureaucratic and clan control systems?
a) Bureaucratic control systems rely on rules and procedures, while clan control systems rely on social
norms and values
b) Bureaucratic control systems are more effective than clan control systems
c) Bureaucratic control systems are more flexible than clan control systems
d) There is no difference; bureaucratic and clan control systems are the same thing
Answer: a) Bureaucratic control systems rely on rules and procedures, while clan control systems rely on
social norms and values
9. Which of the following is an example of a financial control system?
a) Cost-benefit analysis
b) Employee training program
c) Performance evaluations
d) Vision and mission statements
Answer: a) Cost-benefit analysis
10. Which of the following control techniques involves making adjustments to the production process as
needed?
a) Feedforward control
b) Concurrent control
c) Feedback control
d) Preventive control
Answer: b) Concurrent control