PQ FACTS Course Project

Reactive Power Compensation in Power Systems - Course
Project Report
1. Problem Definition, Scope, and Importance

The electric power system is a complex network designed to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity to con-
sumers efficiently. One of the key challenges in power systems is managing reactive power. Reactive power does
not perform any work, but it is essential in maintaining voltage to deliver active power (the energy needed for
lighting, heating, and running equipment). Insufficient reactive power can cause voltage instability, power losses,
and can significantly decrease the system’s efficiency and reliability.
The scope of this investigation is to analyze the problem of reactive power in power systems and seek efficient
compensation techniques. The importance of this venture lies in its potential to enhance system stability, diminish
losses, enhance voltage profiles, and optimize capacity, which has profound implications for operational costs and
service quality in electrical power systems.
2. Design Objectives, Functional Requirements, and Specifications

The primary objective is to design an effective reactive power compensation system that ensures voltage stability
and minimizes losses in the power system. The compensation system should:
• Be able to adapt to changing load conditions
• Maximize the efficiency of the power system
• Be economically viable
• Have minimal environmental impact
The specifications for the compensation system include the capability to operate within the voltage and fre-
quency standards stipulated by the electrical grid codes and norms. It should also be scalable and flexible for
future grid expansion and integration of renewable energy sources.
3. Models/Prototypes Development
Several models and prototypes are developed based on different design solutions, like shunt capacitors, syn-
chronous condensers, and FACTS devices such as STATCOMs and SVCs. Simulation tools like MATLAB/Simulink
are utilized to build these models and study their behavior under various system conditions.
Each prototype is evaluated for its reactive power compensation capabilities, dynamic response, and stability
under normal and fault conditions. The performance metrics gathered from the simulations help in selecting the
optimal solution tailored to the system needs.
4. Information Generation and Design Improvement

Through extensive testing of the models under various load and fault scenarios, data is gathered to analyze the
effectiveness of each design. The tests are designed to push the systems to their operational limits and gauge their
response.
Based on the test results, the designs are iteratively revised for improvements. These refinements focus on
increasing efficiency, reliability, and compliance with regulatory voltage limits.
1
5. Engineering Requirements from Codes and Standards
The design and implementation of the compensation system draw upon various engineering requirements from
established codes and standards. The IEEE standards provide guidelines for reactive power control in electrical
power systems, while the IEC standards cover the performance, testing, and safety aspects.
Additionally, standards from NEMA, BIS, and ISO offer related specifications and metrics for equipment
performance, interoperability, and safety. The ASHRAE standards are consulted to ensure the environmental
conditions for the operation of compensation equipment are within safe operating parameters.
In conclusion, the course project investigates multiple design solutions for reactive power compensation in
power systems. The analysis conforms to high standards of engineering practice, informed by relevant codes, and
is aimed at striking a balance between technical efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental responsibility.
The findings from this report hold the promise of guiding future developments in the power sector towards more
stable, efficient, and robust power systems.

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Reactive Power Compensation in Power Systems - Course

1. Problem Definition, Scope, and Importance

2. Design Objectives, Functional Requirements, and Specifications

• Be able to adapt to changing load conditions

• Maximize the efficiency of the power system

• Have minimal environmental impact

4. Information Generation and Design Improvement

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