SAFE PRACTICES FOR COMMONLY USED HAND TOOLS:

Screw Driver:

Never use a screw driver as a chisel, punch or wedge.

Never pry with a screw driver.

Do not carry the screw drivers in pockets.

Never hold a job in your hand.

Screw driver tip should match with the design and size of slot.

A damaged tip should be dressed.

For electrical work, use screw drivers with insulated handled.

Hammer:

Use a soft-faced hammer to strike hardened steel surface.

Use a heavy hammer for heavy jobs.

Replace the loose wedge with a good steel or wooden one-never use a nail.

Replace the hammer if the face is damaged or has grown brittle.

If the handled is greasy, clean it before using the hammer.

Always replace cracked, splintered or broken handles, never repair them.

Keep your eyes on the spot you are hitting.

Use pliers to hold the work. Keep your hand out of the way.

Chisel: (Steel Wedges, Punches and similar tools)

Do not use mushroomed chisel.

Dress the head whenever signs of cracking or spreading appear.

A chisel only large enough for one job should be selected so that the blade is used rather than only one point or
corner.

Keep the cutting edge sharp and ground at the right angle. A sharp edge takes a good bite and does not slip easily.
With a dull-edged chisel you have to strike harder and there is more chance that the hammer may miss and hit your
hand.

Spanner / Wrench:

Use wrench of right size.

Do not use worn wrench.

Always get the jaws squarely on the nut.

To prevent adjustable wrench from slipping, set the jaw up tight. Pull towards the movable

jaw.

Use a pipe wrench to remove worn nut.

Always hold something solid with one hand and keep the wrench under control.

Never slip a pipe over a wrench to get more leverage. Get a bigger wrench.
 Never use a wrench around moving machinery.

Knife:

Use sharp knife – occasionally, touch it up on a whetstone.

Cut away from yourself – never towards any part of your body.

When a job is over put the knife in sheath.

If you are setting the knife down for only a moment, put it where it won’t be in the way

and don’t leave it where it might fall.

Do not use a file without a handle.

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Do not use files as punches or drifts.

When a file gets clogged with metal it may slip. Keep it sharp-tap it on edge once in a

while to knock off the filings. When that does not help, clean it with a file card.

Files must not be twisted in slotted work.

Pliers:

Do not use pliers as a substitute for wrenches.

Be certain that pliers used for electrical work are insulated.

USE NON-SPARKING TOOLS IN FIRE PRONE AREAS

Safety Precautions

Put on protective apparatus such as coverall, safety goggles, gloves and safety shoes.

Do not use defective tools. Ensure all file handles are in good condition.

Ensure work piece is tightly secured on the vice when sawing and filing.

4.7 Machines: Grinder, Drill, Lathe

Identify and name major parts of a pedestal drill machine, and pedestal or a bench grinder:

Drill holes using a fixed and portable drill machine

Use fixed grinding machine for grinding plates, chisels, and scraper hand tools.

Use hand grinder for grinding plates or parts.

Use buffing or brush attachments for hand grinder.

Lathe machine: Identify parts and common tools,

Explain common tasks that can be performed on a lathe

Explain risks involved while working with power tools : Drill, Grinder and Lathe

Carry out basic turning and facing operation on lathe.

Eye protection is essential. Always wear safety glasses when working or cleaning tools.

Keep your hands away from sharp tools. Make sure that nothing that you do will cause you to be cut.

Before you leave the shop each day all tools must be returned to the toolbox, the machine
cleaned and wiped down and the floor swept. Leave 10-15 minutes for cleanup

Notes to the instructor: - demonstrate the different machine part and explain its various uses. Explain how to
carry out the work with the types of cutting tool using safe working practicesin good

7.4.3 Use of drill bits, cutting blades and abrasive wheels

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The correct selection of drill bit, cutting blade and abrasive wheel etc. is essential for accomplishing an intended
specific job.

Take drill bit for an example which is a cutting tool used to remove material to create holes. Because different
projects have different needs, drill bits come in a variety of shapes and are made from different materials based on
the task they are designed to perform.

Choosing the wrong drill bit can lead to structural flaws in the project, broken bits, and even damaged drills.

Selecting a bit that is made from the right material will help ensure the hole drilled has a smooth edge and that
none of the equipment being used is damaged in the process.

The best way to determine what drill bit is right for the job is to have an understanding of

all the available types and make an informed decision based on that understanding.

Use of blades and wheels, ensure the equipment is in good working condition

All cables are well secured and not cut and taped condition.

Ensure all safety guards are fitted in position.

Use the right RPM of the blade and wheel as per machine RPM.

7.4.5 Lathe work – fabrication of components using machine tools

Pre-Use Safety

Ensure to Read the user manual, including all safety procedures, before you start work.

Examine the lathe for any loose, damaged or missing parts and be certain that all guards and shields are in place.

Lathe cutting tools should shall be sharp.

Do not use the lathe if you notice any problems.

Use Protective Eyewear

Lathes can easily catch long sleeves and loose clothing. It's best to wear short sleeves or long sleeves with fitted
cuffs that cannot get caught and drawn into the lathe

Securing Work and Starting the Lathe

Before you begin working the lathe, make sure the work piece is centered and tightly clamped to the lathe's chuck.
Adjust the cutting tool and rest so that they are just above the center of the work piece. Cutting Safety

Ensure as you cut with the lathe, to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for rotation speed, feed and
depth of cut for the material you are working on.

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Never use your hand to stop a moving chuck. Instead, move the cutting tool away from the metal, turn off the
lathe and remove the work piece.
 Clean Up Safety

Thoroughly clean your work area after using the lathe. Sweep up any metal pieces from the floor or work area with
a brush or broom. Do not touch the metal pieces with your hands as they may cut or burn you.

7.4.6 Plumbing repairs

Switch off relevant pumps; isolate the affected section of pipe by closing valves or by fitting blank flanges

Investigate the source of the leakage and make a temporary repair by binding or clamping.At the first opportunity,
have the pipe repaired or renewed by a specialist repair shop

Avoid getting electrical equipment wet. If electrical equipment is wet, take care to avoid electric shock hazards.
Switch off electrical equipment

Inspect exposed piping and pipes in wet or damp locations at regular intervals as set down in the ship’s aintenance
schedule. Look for breakdown of the protective coating. Check for frictional wear at pipe clips and expansion joints

Inspect the inside of pipes where they connect to pumps and refrigeration equipment; this may require the emoval
of a length of pipe. Look for cracks caused by erosion

Inspect copper pipes for signs of green colouring, which indicates corrosion

Check bends and supports for fatigue corrosion that can occur when piping is subject to vibration. If a pipe does
ibrate, fit additional clips or supports check a pipe’s threaded connection where it is attached to a component made
of different material. Look for galvanic corrosion

Check fixed expansion joints (bellows) for deformation. Look for distortion that can occur with overpressure. These
joints are designed to withstand twice the pipe’s normal working pressure. They are not designed to accommodate
pipe misalignment. Deformed bellows must be replaced

Check for localised leakage as this can cause accelerated corrosion. Inspect glands on valves fitted in saltwater
ballast lines and seawater cooling pipes. Repair all leaks,irrespective of size • open and close line valves at scheduled
intervals, especially those used infrequently. Pay special attention to valves that connect to the shell.

Filing

1. E/J Identify different types of files and their uses

2. E Use flat file on a plate or a mild steel block to meet the given dimension

Marking

1. E Identity various types of marking tools.

2. E To carry out marking a plate or a block as per given details on a diagram.

Tapping (for making internal threads)

1 E Identity a tap by type and size (Metric, BSW, BSP etc)

2 E Demonstrate use of a tap in sequence by making internal threads on a metal piece

Grinding

1. E/J Identify major components of a pedestal grinding machine

2. E/J Identify major components of a hand grinder and how to change wheels using the appropriate tools. Know
how to select the grinding wheel based on the speed of the grinding machine.

3. E Carry out grinding operation on a given job taking specific safety precautions related to grinding.
Drilling

1. E/J Identify different components of a vertical drill machine.

2. E Fit and remove a drill bit in drilling machine.

3. E Secure the job to be drilled to a vice. It must never be held by hand.

4. E Carry out drilling operation on a given job taking specific safety precaution related to drilling Hand tools and
measuring instruments- 50 hrs

1. E/J Identify different spanners by type and size. Use appropriate spanner as per the requirement

2. E/J Identify different types of hammers. Use appropriate

hammers in required jobs

3. E/J Identify nuts and bolts and their usage. Identity stud and demonstrate how to fit and remove a stud

4. E Use a joint cutter to cut joint for a pipe flange.

5. E Make a rubber gasket to fit on a manhole

6. E/J Identify measuring instruments and their use, Callipers, Scale, Tri-square, Divider, Vernier callipers, Inside and

outside Micrometers, Feeler gauge.

Bench vice

1. E/J Identify a bench vice and uses of it.

2. E Demonstrate proper and safe procedures for holding different types of job in a bench vice. (Use soft jaws for

holding a delicate job to prevent damage, handling odd and heavy items, personal protection) Using Chisels

1. E/J Identify different types of chisels and their uses

2. E Use a flat chisel for chipping a mild steel block or cutting a sheet taking specific safety precautions.

3. E Demonstrate technique of removing a rusted nut Using hacksaw

1. E/J Identify different types of hacksaw frames

2. E Fit a hacksaw blade correctly in a frame

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3. E Carry out cutting work for a given job (a plate, or a rod or a pipe)

Filing

1. E/J Identify different types of files and their uses

2. E Use flat file on a plate or a mild steel block to meet the given dimension

Marking

1. E Identity various types of marking tools.

2. E To carry out marking a plate or a block as per given details on a diagram.