Class 11 - History

Paths to Modernisation Test 01

Question No. 1 to 5 are based on the given text. Read the text
carefully and answer the questions:

The People's Republic of China Government was established. It was based

on the principles of the New Democracy and alliance of all social classes,
unlike the dictatorship of the proletariat that the Soviet Union said it had
established. Critical areas of the economy were put under government
control and private enterprises and private ownership of land were
gradually ended. This program lasted till 1953 when the government
declared that it would launch a program of socialist transformation. The
Great Leap Forward Movement launched in 1958 was a policy to
galvanized the country to industrialize rapidly. People were encouraged to
set up steel furnaces in their backyards. In the rural areas, peoples
Commune (where land would be collectively owned and cultivated) were
started. By 1958, there were 26,000 communes covering 98% of the farm
population.
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1. What do you mean by The Great Leap Forward movement?

a. It was the policy for rapid Transportation.
b. It was the policy for rapid Transportation and It was the policy for
rapid Transformation.
c. It was the policy for rapid Transformation.
d. It was the policy for rapid Industrialisation.
2. Assertion (A): People were encouraged to set up steel furnaces
in their backyards.
Reason (R): Critical areas of the economy were put under
government control.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
3. On which principle, the People's Republic of China Government
was established?
a. None of these
b. New Foreign Policy
c. New Democracy
 d. New Republic
4. What do you think, according to this extract is the meaning of the
term the dictatorship of the proletariat?
a. It was used by Karl Marx
b. All of these
c. To stress the working class would replace the government of the
propertied class
d. It was not dictatorship in the current sense
5. When was the government of the People's Republic of China
established?
a. 1950
b. 1949
c. 1948
d. 1947
6. Commodore Perry reached Japan in _________ A.D.
a. 1850
b. 1853
c. 1856
d. 1859
7. Nuclear Bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by
________.
a. China
b. USA
c. USSR
d. England
8. When was treaty of Shimonoseki signed?
a. 1897
b. 1890
c. 1893
d. 1895
9. Japan is situated in the ________.
a. Atlantic Ocean
b. Indian Ocean
c. Antarctic Ocean
d. Pacific Ocean
10. When did Commodore Matthew Perry reach Japan? Write two
conditions of the treaty which took place between the USA and Japan
because of his efforts.
11. Name any two European historians who worked on China-
Japanese history.
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12. Write a brief description on the life of Mao-Zedong.
13. Today, as a developed country, Japan faces the challenge of
using its political and technological capabilities to maintain its position
as a leading world power. Elaborate this statement.
14. Describe the main facts regarding the modernisation of Japan
and China.
15. Discuss the features of the nationalist movement in China
during the post- First World War.

Class 11 - History
Paths to Modernisation Test 01

Solution

1. (d) It was the policy for rapid Industrialisation.

Explanation: It was the policy for rapid Industrialisation.
2. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. (c) New Democracy
Explanation: New Democracy
4. (b) All of these
Explanation: All of these
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5. (b) 1949
Explanation: The Peoples Republic of China government was
established in 1949
6. (b) 1853
Explanation: 1853
7. (b) USA
Explanation: USA
8. (d) 1895
Explanation: 1895
9. (d) Pacific Ocean
Explanation: Pacific Ocean
10. Commodore Perry reached Japan in 1853 CE. Because of his
efforts, a treaty was signed between the USA and Japan and its two
conditions were:
i. Two ports of Japan were opened for American ships.
ii. America got freedom to do a little bit of trade in Japan. This
event is also known as Japan’s ‘opening’.
11.

i. Joseph Needham
ii. George Samson
Both of these historians worked on China - Japanese history in
English.
12. Mao-Zedong (1893-1976) was an important leader of C.C.P.
(Socialist Party) of China. He took a different path by basing his
revolutionary programme on the peasantry. Chinese Communist
Party became a powerful political force in China just because of its
efforts. It ultimately won against the Guomindang and established a
communist government in China.
Radical Approach of MaoZedong: Mao-Zedong made strong and
safe camps in the mountains of Jingxi during 1928-1934. He made
these camps to secure from Guominding attacks. He organised a
strong peasants’ council (Soviet). Unlike other leaders, Mao gave
stress to independent government and army. Mao-Zedong was also
aware of women's problems. He supported the rural women’s
associations. He also promulgated a new marriage law.
13. 1960s saw the growth of civil society movements as
industrialisation had been pushed with utter disregard to its effect on
health and the environment. Cadmium poisoning, which led to a
painful disease, was an early indicator. It was followed by mercury
poisoning in Minamata in the 1960s and problems caused by air
pollution in the early 1970s. Grassroots pressure groups began to
demand recognition of these problems as well as compensation for
the victims. Government action and new legal regulations helped to
improve conditions. From the mid 1980s there had been an
increasing decline in environmental issues as Japan enacted some of
the strictest environmental controls in the world.
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14. The histories of Japan and China show how different historical
conditions led them on widely divergent paths to building
independent and modern nations.
The main facts regarding the modernisation of Japan are:

i. Industrial societies far from becoming like each other have

found their own paths to become modem. The histories of
Japan and China show how different historical conditions led
them on widely divergent paths to building independent and
modern nations. Japan was successful in retaining its
independence and using traditional skills and practices in new
ways. However, its elite-driven modernisation helped to sustain
a repressive regime that stifled dissent and demands for
democracy and established a colonial empire that left a legacy
of hatred in the region as well as distorted internal
developments.
ii. japan's programme of modernisation was carried out in an
environment dominated by Western imperial powers. While it
imitated them it also attempted to find its own solutions.
Japanese nationalism was marked by these different
compulsions-while many Japanese hoped to liberate Asia from
Western dominations, for others these ideas justified building
an empire.
iii. It is important to note that the transformation of social and
political institutions and daily life was not just a question of
reviving traditions or tenaciously preserving them, but rather of
creatively using them in new and different ways. For instance,
the Meiji school system, modelled on European and American
practices, introduced new subjects but the curriculum’s main
objective was to make loyal citizens. A course on morals that
stressed loyalty to the emperor was compulsory. Similarly,
changes in family or in daily life show how foreign and
indigenous ideas were brought together to create something
new.

China:

i. The Chinese path to modernisation was very different. Foreign

imperialism, both Western and Japanese, combined with a
hesitant and unsure Qing dynasty to weaken government
control and set the stage for a breakdown of political and social
order leading to immense misery for most of the people.
ii. Warlordism, banditry and civil war exacted a heavy toll on
human lives, as did the savagery of the Japanese invasion.
Natural disasters added to this burden.
 iii. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw a rejection of
traditions and a search for ways to build national unity and
strength.
iv. The CCP and its supporters fought to put an end to tradition,
which they saw as keeping the masses in poverty, the women
subjugated and the country undeveloped.
15. There were two governments in China after the end of the First
World War. One of the government was controlled by Guomindang,
at its headquarter in Canton. The president of this government was
Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The other government was led by a military general.
It had its headquarter at Beijing. Paris Peace Conference’s decision
to hand over Shantung to Japan led to an anti-imperialist upsurge in
1919. A great demonstration was held in China on 4th May, 1919. It
spread into various parts of China. It took the form of a movement.
It’s main aim was to save China through modern science, democracy
and nationalism. They wanted to remove inequality and reduce
poverty. Their aim was also to bring economic development. The
Russian Revolution had also a great impact on the nationalist
movement of China. Communist Party was formed in 1921. Dr. Sun
Yat-sen could not garner the support of western countries. Therefore,
he took the help of Soviet Union. The Guomindang and the Chinese
Communist Party came together in 1924. Military academy was also
set up with the help of Soviet military and political advisers. The
Chinese national revolutionary army launch edits operations against
the warlords.