Java Constructors
A constructor in Java is a special method that is used to
initialize objects. The constructor is called when an object of a
class is created. It can be used to set initial values for object
attributes:
Types of Constructor
In Java, constructors can be divided into three types:
1. No-Arg Constructor
2. Parameterized Constructor
3. Default Constructor
Important Notes on Java Constructors
Constructors are invoked implicitly when you instantiate objects.
The two rules for creating a constructor are:
1. The name of the constructor should be the same as the class.
2. A Java constructor must not have a return type.
If a class doesn't have a constructor, the Java compiler automatically
creates a default constructor during run-time. The default constructor
initializes instance variables with default values. For example,
the int variable will be initialized to 0
Constructor types:
No-Arg Constructor - a constructor that does not accept any arguments
Parameterized constructor - a constructor that accepts arguments
Default Constructor - a constructor that is automatically created by the
Java compiler if it is not explicitly defined.
A constructor cannot be abstract or static or final.
A constructor can be overloaded but can not be overridden.
Program 1
class Student
{
private String name;
Student() // constructor
{
name = "Rahul";
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Student s1 = new Student();
System.out.println("The Student name is " + s1.name);
}
}
Program 2
class Student
{
int rollno;
private String name;
float marks;
Student() // Default constructor
{
rollno=100;
name = "Rahul";
marks=23;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Student s1 = new Student();
System.out.println("The Student rollno is " + s1.rollno);
System.out.println("\nThe Student name is " + s1.name);
System.out.println("\nThe Student marks is " + s1.marks);
}
}
Program 3
public class Car
{
int modelYear;
String modelName;
public Car(int year, String name) // Parameterized constructor
{
modelYear = year;
modelName = name;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car myCar = new Car(1969, "Mustang");
System.out.println("Car Year and Model is");
System.out.println(myCar.modelYear + " " + myCar.modelName);
}
}
Program 4 Java Program for Copy Constructor
// Java Program for Copy Constructor
import java.io.*;
class Employee
{
String name;
int id;
Employee(String name, int id) // Parameterized Constructor
{
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
}
Employee(Employee e) // Copy Constructor
{
this.name = e.name;
this.id = e.id;
}
}
class EmployeeDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Employee e1 = new Employee("Shivam", 68);
System.out.println("\nEmployeeName :" + e1.name
+ " and EmployeeId :" + e1.id);
System.out.println();
Employee e2 = new Employee(e1);
System.out.println("\n\nCopy Constructor used \n\n Second
Object");
System.out.println("EmployeeName :" + e2.name
+ " and EmployeeId :" + e2.id);
}
}
