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    q2 Distribution Systems

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    enginearsweb
    The document discusses different types of distribution systems including radial, ring main, and interconnected systems. It describes the components, advantages, and disadvantages of each system. Requirements for a good distribution system like proper voltage, reliability, and availability are also covered. Transformer basics and metering techniques are briefly explained.

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    q2 Distribution Systems

    Uploaded by

    enginearsweb
    11 views3 pages
    The document discusses different types of distribution systems including radial, ring main, and interconnected systems. It describes the components, advantages, and disadvantages of each system. Requirements for a good distribution system like proper voltage, reliability, and availability are also covered. Transformer basics and metering techniques are briefly explained.

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    The document discusses different types of distribution systems including radial, ring main, and interconnected systems. It describes the components, advantages, and disadvantages of each system. Requirements for a good distribution system like proper voltage, reliability, and availability are also covered. Transformer basics and metering techniques are briefly explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views3 pages

    q2 Distribution Systems

    Uploaded by

    enginearsweb
    The document discusses different types of distribution systems including radial, ring main, and interconnected systems. It describes the components, advantages, and disadvantages of each system. Requirements for a good distribution system like proper voltage, reliability, and availability are also covered. Transformer basics and metering techniques are briefly explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Lesson 3 – Connection Schemes of Distribution Unit 1: Interconnected System

    Systems
    Interconnected System – When the feeder ring is
    Unit 1: Radial System energized by two or more than two generating stations
    or substations, it is called inter-connected system.
    Radial System – In this system, separate feeders radiate
    from a single substation and feed the distributors at
    one end only.

    The radial system is employed only when power is


    generated at low voltage and the substation is located
    the centre of the load.

    The interconnected system has the following


    advantages:

    (a) It increases the service reliability.


    (b) Any area fed from one generating station
    This is the simplest distribution circuit and has the during peak load hours can be fed from the
    lowest initial cost. However, it suffers from the other generating station.
    following drawbacks:

    (a) The end of the distributor nearest to the


    feeding point will be heavily loaded.
    (b) The consumers are dependent on a single
    feeder and single distributor.
    (c) The consumers at the distant end of the
    distributor would be subject to serious voltage
    fluctuations when the load on the distributor
    changes.

    Due to these limitations, this system is used for short


    distances only.

    ____________________________________________
    Unit 2: Ring Main System

    Ring Main System – In this system, the primaries of


    distribution transformers form a loop.
    The loop circuit starts from the substation bus-bars,
    make a loop through the area to be served, and returns
    to the substation.

    The ring main system has the following advantages:


    (a) There are less voltage fluctuations at
    consumers’ terminals.
    (b) The system is very reliable as each distributor
    is fed via *two feeders.
    Unit 1: Requirements of a Distribution System

    Some of the requirements of a good distribution


    system are:

    • proper voltage
    • availability of power on demand
    • reliability.

    Proper voltage – One important requirement of a


    distribution system is that voltage variations at
    consumer’s terminals should be as low as possible.
    ➢ Low voltage causes loss of revenue,
    inefficient lighting and possible burning out of
    motors.
    ➢ High voltage causes lamps to burn out
    permanently and may cause failure of other
    appliances.
    The statutory limit of voltage variations is ± 10% of the
    rated values at the consumer’s terminals. Thus, if the
    declared voltage is 230 V, then the highest voltage of
    the consumer should not exceed 253 V while the lowest
    voltage of the consumer should not be less than 207 V.

    Availability of power on demand – Power must be What is a Transformer?


    available to the consumers an any amount that they
    A static piece of apparatus which
    may require from time to time.
    1. Transfers electric power from one circuit to
    Reliability – Modern industry is almost dependent on another.
    electric power for its operation. Homes and office 2. It does so without a change of frequency.
    buildings are lighted, heated, cooled and ventilated by 3. It accomplishes this by electromagnetic
    electric power. This calls for reliable service. induction and
    the reliability can be improved to considerable extent 4. Where two electric circuits are in mutual
    by : inductive influence of each other.
    (a) interconnected system
    (b) reliable automatic control system Unit 3: Metering Techniques and Systems
    (c) providing additional reserve facilities Type of Metering

    Unit 2: Parts of a Distribution Systems Primary Metering – Type of metering, that measures
    consumption on the primary voltage.
    Parts of Distribution Systems
    Secondary Metering – Type of metering, that measures
    • Distribution Substation consumption on the secondary voltage.
    • Feeders

    • Distribution Poles

    • Transformers

    Distribution substation – transfers power from the


    transmission system to the distribution system of an
    area.

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