SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
• https://ikon.mn/n/32ku
• https://www2.1212.mn/Stat.aspx?LIST_ID=976_L19&type=sectorboo
k
• https://www.worldbank.org/mn/news/press-
release/2021/12/30/mongolia-s-2020-poverty-rate-estimated-at-27-
8-percent
Allocation

According to a review of the five

reports in a synopsis, the allocation of
Five progress reports on the SDGs: the Goals and themes by the Basel
Institute of Commons and Economics,
the allocation was the following:
Distribution
• According to a review of the five
reports in a synopsis, the allocation
of the Goals and themes by the
Basel Institute of Commons and
Economics, the allocation was the
following:
• In explanation of the findings, the
Basel Institute of Commons and
Economics said Biodiversity, Peace
and Social Inclusion were "left
behind" by quoting the official SDGs
motto "Leaving no one behind".
Cross-
cutting
issues
Three sectors need
to come together in
order to achieve SD
Gender equality
and women
Education and sustainable development
SDG-driven investment
Education, gender and technology
Implementation and support
Books about SDGs
$44.99 $28.49

To help people to
understand the
Sustainable
Development
Goals:
Tracking progress
SDG tracker

SDG TRACKER OUR WORLD IN DATA

DATABASE
At country level:
US
At country level:
UK
 • The UK's approach to delivering the Global SDGs
is outlined in Agenda 2030: Delivering the Global
At country level: Goals, developed by the Department for
Europe and Russia International Development.
• Baltic nations, via the Council of the Baltic Sea
States, have created the Baltic 2030 Action Plan.
• The World Pensions Forum has observed that the
UK and EU pension investors have been at the
forefront of ESG-driven (Environmental, Social
and Governance) asset allocation at home and
abroad and early adopters of "SDG-centric"
investment practices.
At country level: India
At country level:
India NITI Aayog
At country level:
Bangladesh
At country level: Bhutan

Bhutan
Gross
National Happiness
Communicating the SDG
Film festivals: Le Temps Presse festival
Film festivals:
Arctic Film
Festival
Public Engagement in SD
Costs and finance: Pure fantasy?

UNCTAD
 • Besides 169 indicators that measures the progress for the
SDGs, there exists an SDG Index created by the Bertelsmann
Foundation (figures in red).
• In the Global Index Benchmark we compare the ranking of
the Top 20 countries in 9 indices with the SDG Index:

Source: Global Index Benchmark 2018, Basel Institute of Commons and Economics
 Criticisms: In general

non-governmental
organization
Criticisms: Competing goals
Criticisms: Too many goals
Criticisms: Weak on environmental
sustainability
Criticisms: Comparison with Millennium
Development Goals
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS 2
Poverty
Definition to poverty

• Poverty is a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial

resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living.
• Poverty means that the income level from employment is so low that basic human
needs can't be met.
• Poverty-stricken people and families might go without proper housing, clean water,
healthy food, and medical attention. Each nation may have its own threshold that
determines how many of its people are living in poverty.
Types of poverty

Poverty is not having enough material possessions or income for a person's needs.
Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements.
• Absolute poverty
• Moderate poverty
• Relative poverty
• Secondary poverty
• Asset poverty
Absolute poverty

• Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal
needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
• The threshold at which absolute poverty is defined is always about the same,
independent of the person's permanent location or era.
• It was defined by the UN "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic
human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter,
education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to
services.“
• According to World, extreme poverty widely refers to an income below the
international poverty line of $1.90 per day.
Absolute
poverty
Absolute
poverty
Absolute
poverty
Share of population living in multidimensional
poverty
Absolute
poverty
Absolute
poverty
Multidimensional poverty

• Multidimensional poverty encompasses the various deprivations experienced by poor

people in their daily lives – such as poor health, lack of education, inadequate living
standards, disempowerment, poor quality of work, the threat of violence, and living in
areas that are environmentally hazardous, among others.
• Multidimensional Poverty Indices was developed following the Alkire & Foster 'counting
method'.
Multidimensional
poverty
Moderate poverty
• The World Bank has been using the figure of $2 USD per day to define moderate poverty.
• People whose income is less than as less than $2 or $5, are considered to be in moderate
poverty.
• Incomes more than $2 or $5 per day may still be in relative poverty.
• Note that a person or family with access to subsistence resources, e.g., subsistence
farmers, may have a low cash income without a correspondingly low standard of living –
they are not living "on" their cash income but using it as a top up.
Relative poverty
• Relative poverty occurs when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared
to others in the same time and place. Therefore, the threshold at which relative poverty is defined
varies from one country to another, or from one society to another.
• Relative poverty is the "most useful measure for ascertaining poverty rates in wealthy developed
nations".
• Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates by the European Union, UNICEF, and
the OECD. The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is based on "economic
distance", a level of income set at 60% of the median household income.
Relative poverty. Common income
inequality metrics
• Gini index
• 20:20 Ratio
• Palma ratio
• Hoover index
• Galt score
• Coefficient of variation
• Wage share
• Theil index
Secondary poverty
• Secondary poverty refers to those that earn enough income to not be impoverished, but
who spend their income on unnecessary pleasures, such as alcoholic beverages, thus
placing them below it in practice.
• Secondary poverty is a description of poverty referring to those living below the poverty
line whose income was sufficient for them to live above the line, but was spent on things
other than the necessities of life.
Asset poverty

• Asset poverty is an economic and social condition that is more persistent and prevalent
than income poverty. It can be defined as a household's inability to access wealth
resources that are enough to provide for basic needs for a period of three months. Basic
needs refer to the minimum standards for consumption and acceptable needs.
• Wealth resources consist of home ownership, other real estate (second home, rented
properties, etc.), net value of farm and business assets, stocks, checking and savings
accounts, and other savings (money in savings bonds, life insurance policy cash values,
etc.).
• Wealth is measured in 3 forms: net worth, net worth minus home equity, and liquid
assets.
Coverage of social
insurance programs
Share of government
expenditure spent on
health
Share of government
expenditure spent
on education
Causes of poverty

• Causes of poverty is a highly ideologically charged subject, as different causes point to

different remedies.
• Socialists discuss that the roots of poverty in problems of distribution and the use of
the means of production as capital benefiting individuals, and calls for re-distribution
of wealth as the solution.
• Whereas the neoliberal school discusses that creating conditions for profitable private
investment is the solutions. Neoliberal think tanks have received extensive funding,
and the ability to apply many of their ideas in highly indebted countries in the Global
South as a condition for receiving emergency loans from the IMF.
Global South

The Global South is an emerging term

used by the World Bank to refer to low
and middle income countries located in
Asia, Africa, Latin America and the
Caribbean which contrast to the high
income nations of the Global North.
Mongolia
SDG 2- Mongolia
SDG 2- Mongolia
SDG 2- Mongolia
SDG 2- Mongolia
Reference
• Freeman, Mark (2011). "Seebohm Rowntree and secondary poverty, 1899-19541". The Economic History Review. 64 (4): 1175–1194.
• Townsend, Peter (1979). Poverty in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living. University of
California Press. p. 565. ISBN 978-0-520-03976-6.
• "Assets & Opportunity Scorecard". Assetsandopportunity.org. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013. Retrieved March 2020.
• "Poverty | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org. Retrieved March 2020.
• United Nations. "Report of the World Summit for Social Development", 6–12 March 1995. (archived from the original on July 4,
2019).
• "The World Bank, 2007, Understanding Poverty". Web.worldbank.org. 19 April 2005. Retrieved March 2020.
• Jensen, E. (2009). Teaching with poverty in mind: What being poor does to kids' brains and what schools can do about it. AScD.
• Peter Townsend, Poverty in the United Kingdom : A Survey of household resources and standards of living, Penguin Books, 1979,
ISBN 0-520-039769
• Bradshaw, J., Chzhen, Y., Main, G., Martorano, B., Menchini, L., & De Neubourg, C. (2012). Relative income poverty among children in
rich countries.
• Lapham, Lewis (October 2004). "Tentacles of rage". harpers.org.
• Alkire, S., and Robles, G. (2016) “Multidimensional Poverty Index Winter 2016: Brief methodological note and results.” Oxford
Poverty and Human Development Initiative, University of Oxford, OPHI Briefing 44.
Reference
• Alkire & Foster (2011). "Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement". Journal of Public Economics. 95 (7–8): 476–
487. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.006.
• https://sdg-tracker.org/no-poverty
• "United Nations Official Document". www.un.org.
• "Sustainable Development Goals 2016-2030: Easier Stated Than Achieved – JIID". 21 August 2016. Retrieved March 2020.
• Madsbjerg, Saadia (19 September 2017). "A New Role for Foundations in Financing the Global Goals". Retrieved 4 June 2018.
• "The 169 commandments". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved March 2020.
• "Introduction: Concepts of the Global South". gssc.uni-koeln.de. Archived from the original on 2016-09-04. Retrieved March
2020.