NAME ____________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION REVIEW

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle all that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN ONE correct
answer.

Which of the following is TRUE of a cell membranes?

A. Cell membranes allow ALL substances to pass through easily
B. It is selectively permeable so only certain molecules can pass through it.
C. It acts more like a fluid than a solid because its molecules are constantly
moving
D. Cell membranes surround all animal, plant, and bacterial cells.
E. It is a bilayer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins

The nucleus includes all of the following EXCEPT ____________________

A. cytoplasm
B. nuclear envelope
C. DNA
D. nucleolus
E. chromatin

Substances produced in a cell and exported outside of the cell would pass through
__________________
A. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
B. mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
C. nucleus and lysosomes
D. vacuoles and mitochondria

Cells like muscle cells which require lots of energy would probably have many
____________________.
A. nuclei
B. flagella
C. mitochondria
D. lysosomes

Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles that a cell wants to get rid of are broken down in
______________
A. ribosomes
B. mitochondria
C. rough ER
D. lysosomes

1
Mitochondria store the energy released when they burn glucose as
______________________.
A. DNA
B. ATP
C. SER
D. RNA

The structures that synthesize proteins in cells are the ____________________.

A. ribosomes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. lysosomes
D. vacuoles

The folded inner membrane in mitochondria which increases the surface area for
chemical reactions to take place is called the ________________.
A. thylakoids
B. centrioles
C. chromatin
D. cristae

The dark spot seen in the nucleus in non-dividing cells where RNA for ribosomes is made
is called the ______________________
A. cristae
B. nucleolus
C. plastids
D. cytosol

The organelle that makes steroids in gland cells, regulates calcium in muscle cells, and
a break down toxins in liver cells is the __________________.
A. lysosomes
B. Golgi bodies
C. smooth ER
D. rough ER

The cells organelles that are surrounded by DOUBLE MEMBRANES and contain their
OWN DNA are the _________________
A. nucleus, ER, and lysosomes
B. nucleus, vacuoles, and chloroplasts
C. nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
D. ER, Golgi bodies, and vacuoles

Which two molecules are used to make cell membranes?

A. carbohydrates and glycogen
B. polysaccharides and nucleic acids
C. phospholipids and starch
D. phospholipids and proteins
E. nucleic acids and lipids

2
Integral proteins with carbohydrates (sugars) attached that stick out on the exterior
surface of cell membranes help recognize “self” and are called
_______________________.
A. amino acids
B. lipoproteins
C. glycoproteins
D. monosaccharides

One difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that _____________________

A. prokaryotes are surrounded by a cell membrane and eukaryotes are not
B. prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes don’t
C. eukaryotes have DNA and prokaryotes don’t
D. eukaryotes have membranes around their nucleus and organelles and
prokaryotes don’t

Vacuoles are _______________ in plant cells than in animal cells.

A. smaller
B. larger

Cell membranes form because the hydrophobic tails on phospholipids try to ________
water.
A. be near
B. stay away from

Which of the following organelles does the Endosymbiotic Theory suggest evolved from
symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic cells?
A. mitochondria
B. Golgi bodies
C. chloroplasts
D. ribosomes

* * * * * * * * * * * * *
Name two organelles found in plant cells that are NOT seen in animal cells.

_________Cell wall_________
________chloroplast_____________

Tell one way you can tell this cell is NOT A

PLANT CELL. _______no cell wall
__________

Tell one way you can tell this cell is NOT A

BACTERIA.

________has a nucleus___________

3
 A C
B D
TELL TWO (2) WAYS EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE DIFFERENT?

CHROMATIN CHROMOSOME

CILIA FLAGELLA
1 or 2
Many
Short and surrounds the cell Long and whiplike

* * * * * * * * * * * * *

In the diagram below, match the parts of the cell membrane to their
structure and function.

__D__ Bilayer ___B_ Temporarily attach to cell membrane

a or B_ Peripheral proteins A__ Permanently attach to cell membrane

__D_ Phospholipids _C__ Help move materials across membrane

_C__ Integral Proteins

_A__ Embedded Protein

_B__ Attached to internal or external surface

_A__ Helps in chemical signaling

4
 CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLS
TRAIT BACTERIA PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
Prokaryote or
Eukaryote? Pro Euk Euk

Encloses Cytoplasm
Membrane and Membrane and
of Cell? Membrane
wall wall

Presence of
Nuclear No Yes Yes
Membrane?

Presence of Cell
Yes Yes No
Wall?

DNA in Single or
Multiple Single Multiple Multiple
Chromosomes?

Presence of
Cytoskeleton?

Vacuoles ---
None Large small
Small, Large,
None?

Presence of No No Yes
Lysosomes?

With or without Without Without With

Centrioles?

No Yes No
Chloroplasts?

Cell Size ---

Small or Very
Small?

No Yes Yes
Mitochondria?

Ribosomes? Yes Yes yes

5
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
CELL THEORY
1. All living things are ___made of cells______.
2. Cells are the basic unit of _structure____ & __function___
in an organism (= basic unit of life)
3. Cells come from the reproduction of ___other cells_____

* * * * * * * * * * * * *
English scientists who first saw “little boxes” in CORK that he named cells
____Hooke_______

Dutch microscope maker who was the first to observe LIVING cells
___Leewenhoek________

Botanist who concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells

______Schleiden________

Zoologist who concluded that ALL ANIMALS are made of cells

____Schwann_________

Doctor who reasoned that cells COME ONLY FROM EXISTING CELLS
____Virchow__________
American biologist who provided evidence for the Endosymbiotic theory which
explains the origin of chloroplasts & mitochondria
_________________________________

* * * * * * * * * * * * *

_Plant___ CELL __Animal__ CELL ___Bacteris__ CELL

* * * * * * * * * * * * *
The _____________ of a cell increases faster than its
____________________ so cells must divide instead of continuing to grow
larger in order to be able to exchange materials with its _________________.

6
NUMBER AND NAME THESE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN THE CORRECT
ORDER FROM SIMPLEST TO MOST COMPLEX.

__1__ __Atom___

__7__ ____Organ____

__4__ __Organelle____

__2__ ___elements____

__3__ __Molecule___

_8__ __Body system__

__6__ ___Tissue___

__5__ ______cells____

___9__ __organism__

7
THE WORD BEGINS WITH?

1. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function is the

_Organelle
2. Dark spot(s) in the nucleus where ribosomes are made would be the
nucleolus

3. Sac of digestive enzymes = _L_ ysososme

4. _R_ ough ER is covered by ribosomes and sends its modified proteins to the
Golgi apparatus.
5. The _C_ ell _W_ all is found outside the cell membrane in plants and
bacteria and provides support and protection.
6. An organism like a green plant that can make its own food =
_A_ _utotroph
7. These sausage shaped organelles burn glucose and store the energy as ATP
= _M_ itochondria
8. The molecule used by cells to store genetic information = DNA

9. An organism with a nuclear membrane and organelles surrounded by

membranes = _E_ ukaryotes

10. The _N_ ucleus is surrounded by a double membrane, contains the

cells DNA, and acts as the control center.
11. One or two long, hair-like structures called _F_ lagella extend from the
surface of cells and help move the cell.

12. The _C_ ytoplasm is the gel-like material plus the cell’s organelles.
13. Smooth ER has several functions including regulating
_C_ __ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ levels in muscle cells, breaking down
_T_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ in liver cells, making membrane lipids called
_C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ___ ___ ___, and producing steroid
_H_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ in the ovaries and testes.
14. The folded inner membranes inside mitochondria are called
_C_ __ __ __ __ __ __.
15. A cell membrane is a lipid _B_ ilayer because the
phospholipids line up in TWO ROWS to try and keep their
_H_ ydrophobic tails away from water.

16. The _P_ lasma _M_ embrane surrounds all

cells and is _S_ electively _P_ ermeable ___ to control what
enters and leaves the cell.

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17. The function of ribosomes is to make _P_ roteins
18. _P_ lant and animal cells are both
_E_ ukaryotes

19. ER is an abbreviation for _E_ ndoplasmic _R_ eticulum

20. Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes attached.

21. The thylakoid sacs found inside a _Chloroplast
are where photosynthesis happens in plant cells.

22. _P_ hospholipids have a polar head and two non-polar tails and combine with
_P_ roteins to make cell membranes.

23. A _G_ olgi _B_ ody looks like a stack of pancakes and packages molecules
for transport out of the cell.

24. _I_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ proteins stick into the cell membrane that can
go part way or all the way through to the other side.
25. Space for storing food, water, enzymes, or waste =
_V_ acuole

26. An organism (like you) that CAN’T make its own food and gets it energy by
eating other organisms = _H_ eterotrophs

27. A _P_ rokaryote is an organism like a bacteria with NO

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE and NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES.
28. _R_ _ibosomes are small structures that make proteins.

29. _B_ acteria would be examples of cells that are PROKARYOTES.

30. The _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is made of microtubules and
microfilaments in the cytoplasm that provide support and give the cell its
shape.
31. Molecule used by mitochondria to store energy = ATP

32. _C_ ilia are many short hair-like structures on the surface of a cell
that help move the cell or move substances past the cell.
33. _C_ entrioles are log-like structures that appear during cell division in
animal cells and pull the chromosomes apart.
34. The process in which a cell destroys itself for the good of the organism is
called _C_ ytolysis

Modified from: http://brookings.k12.sd.us/biology