“Bus Pass Management System”

A Project submitted to

Savitribai Phule Pune University

In Partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
B.Sc. (Computer Science)
By
Sagar Sharad Wadekar
3124
Under the Guidance of
Prof Mrs.Antima Shendge

Sinhgad College of Science, Ambegaon Bk., Pune

YEAR-2023-2024

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr./Ms.________________________________________ of B.Sc. (Comp.

Science) Seat No.___________ has completed his/her academic Project during the academic

year ______ as partial fulfillment of the B.Sc. (Comp. Science) course.

Date: -

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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 Index

Sr. No. Content Page No.

1. Acknowledgement 4

2. Introduction 5
3. Existing System 6
4. Scope of the system 7
5. Feature of the system 8
6. System Requirement
• Hardware

• Software 9
7. Feasibility study
• Technical Feasibility

• Economical Feasibility

• Operational Feasibility

10
8. Analysis and Design
• ER Diagram

• UML Diagram
11
9. Data Dictionary 16
10. Input-Output Screen 19
11. Limitations/Drawbacks 22
12. Future Enhancement 23
13. Bibliography 24

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 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all individuals who have contributed
to the development and implementation of the Bus Pass System. Without their unwavering
support, dedication, and collaboration, this project would not have been possible. We extend
our heartfelt appreciation to the following:

Project Guid:
We would like to acknowledge the visionary leadership and guidance provided by our
Antima Shengde Mam who recognized the need for a modern and efficient bus pass system.
Their commitment to improving public transportation has been instrumental in driving this
project forward.

Development Team:
We extend our deepest appreciation to the talented and hardworking development
team who meticulously designed and built the Bus Pass System. Their expertise, creativity, and
tireless efforts have resulted in a robust and user-friendly system that meets the diverse needs
of our passengers.

Technical Support Team:

We would like to acknowledge the technical support team who provided prompt
assistance and resolved any issues encountered during the implementation and operation of
the Bus Pass System. Their expertise and dedication ensured the system's reliability and
minimized disruptions for both passengers and operators.

Introduction
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 In today's fast-paced world, efficient and streamlined management systems are
essential for various sectors, including public transportation. Recognizing the need for an
advanced and user-friendly solution, we proudly introduce the Online Bus Pass Management
System. This innovative system leverages technology to revolutionize the way bus passes are
issued, managed, and utilized.
The Online Bus Pass Management System is a comprehensive platform designed to
simplify and enhance the process of obtaining and utilizing bus passes. It replaces traditional
paper-based systems with a digital interface, providing a seamless and convenient experience
for passengers, transit authorities, and administrators alike.
This cutting-edge system offers a range of features and benefits that revolutionize the
bus pass management landscape. Passengers can now apply for and renew bus passes from
the comfort of their homes or any internet-enabled device, eliminating the need for long
queues and paperwork. With just a few clicks, they can access a secure online portal to submit
their application, upload required documents, make payments, and receive their digital bus
pass instantly.
For transit authorities and administrators, the Online Bus Pass Management System
provides a centralized and efficient platform to handle the entire bus pass lifecycle. It offers
real-time data insights, enabling authorities to effectively manage pass issuance, track usage,
and monitor passenger trends. The system automates the verification process, reducing
administrative burdens and ensuring accuracy and integrity in pass issuance.
Moreover, the system incorporates robust security measures to protect sensitive
passenger information and prevent fraudulent activities. Advanced encryption protocols,
multi-factor authentication, and secure payment gateways are employed to safeguard user
data and financial transactions.
The benefits of the Online Bus Pass Management System extend beyond passengers and
transit authorities. By digitizing the entire process, it reduces the environmental impact
associated with paper-based systems, promoting sustainability and contributing to a greener
future. Additionally, the system enhances overall operational efficiency, reducing costs, and
improving resource allocation.
As we introduce the Online Bus Pass Management System, we envision a future where
accessing and managing bus passes is simple, convenient, and hassle-free for everyone
involved. By harnessing the power of technology, we aim to transform the way bus passes are
issued and managed, ultimately enhancing the public transportation experience for
commuters while optimizing operations for transit authorities.

Existing System

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 Prior to the implementation of the Online Bus Pass Management System, various
methods were used to manage bus passes. These methods varied across different regions and
transportation authorities but generally involved manual processes and paper-based systems.
Here are some common components of the existing bus pass management system:
Manual Application Process: Under the existing system, passengers were required to
physically visit designated offices or ticket counters to obtain and submit bus pass
applications. This often involved standing in long queues and completing paper application
forms with personal details and supporting documents.
Paper Documentation: Passengers had to provide hard copies of documents such as
identification proof, address proof, and photographs to support their bus pass applications.
These documents were manually verified by the authorities, leading to longer processing
times and increased administrative effort.
Manual Verification and Issuance: Once the applications and supporting documents
were submitted, transportation authority personnel manually reviewed and verified the
information provided. This process involved cross-checking the documents, ensuring their
authenticity, and confirming eligibility criteria before issuing the bus passes.
Physical Bus Passes: Bus passes were typically printed on paper or cardstock and
handed out to passengers upon approval. Passengers were required to carry these physical
passes and present them to bus operators or ticket inspectors for verification during their
journeys.
Renewal and Cancellation: Passengers had to visit designated offices or counters to
renew their bus passes periodically. Similarly, if a pass was lost, stolen, or no longer needed,
passengers had to physically request the cancellation or replacement of their passes.
Manual Record-Keeping: Authorities maintained physical registers or databases to
track issued bus passes, record passenger information, and manage renewal and cancellation
processes. This manual record-keeping system posed challenges in terms of data accuracy,
storage, retrieval, and data security.
Limited Access and Information: Passengers had limited access to real-time
information regarding their bus passes, such as validity dates, routes, and fare details. This
lack of transparency often led to confusion and inconvenience.

Scope of the system

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 The Online Bus Pass Management System offers a wide scope of functionalities and
benefits for various stakeholders involved in bus pass management. The system aims to
streamline processes, enhance efficiency, and improve the overall bus pass management
experience. Here are some key aspects of the system's scope:
Passenger Convenience: The system provides passengers with a user-friendly online
platform to apply for, renew, and manage their bus passes. Passengers can access the system
anytime, anywhere, and complete the necessary steps digitally, eliminating the need for
physical visits and paperwork. The system offers a convenient and efficient experience, saving
time and effort for passengers.
Digital Bus Pass Issuance: The system enables digital issuance of bus passes to
passengers. Instead of relying on physical passes, passengers receive a digital pass that can be
stored on their smartphones or other digital devices. This eliminates the need for physical
cards or paper passes, reducing the risk of loss or damage and providing a more convenient
way for passengers to carry and present their passes during their journeys.
Automated Application Processing: The system automates the processing of bus
pass applications, reducing the manual effort required by transportation authorities. It
includes features such as online form submission, document verification, and eligibility checks,
enabling faster and more accurate processing of applications. Automation minimizes human
errors and accelerates the approval process.
Real-time Information and Notifications: Passengers have access to real-time
information regarding their bus passes, including validity dates, routes, fare details, and any
updates or changes in the system. The system can send automated notifications to passengers
regarding pass expiration, renewal reminders, and other important updates, ensuring that
they stay informed and up-to-date.
Enhanced Data Management and Analysis: The system centralizes bus pass data,
providing transportation authorities with a comprehensive database of passenger information.
This facilitates efficient data management, enabling authorities to generate insights, track
usage patterns, analyze passenger demographics, and make data-driven decisions. The system
can generate reports and analytics to help authorities optimize resources, plan routes, and
improve overall transportation services.
Increased Security and Fraud Prevention: The Online Bus Pass Management System
incorporates robust security measures to protect passenger data and prevent fraudulent
activities. Advanced encryption protocols, secure authentication, and secure payment
gateways ensure the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive information. The system includes

Feature of the system

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 Online Application: The system allows passengers to conveniently apply for bus
passes online through a user-friendly interface. Passengers can fill out application forms,
provide necessary details, and upload supporting documents electronically.
Document Verification: The system automates the verification process by digitally
validating the authenticity of submitted documents. It checks the accuracy and completeness
of the information provided, reducing manual effort and minimizing errors.
Digital Bus Pass Generation: Upon successful verification, the system generates a
digital bus pass in the form of a QR code or barcode that can be stored on a smartphone or
other digital devices. Passengers can easily access and present their passes during their
journeys, eliminating the need for physical cards or paper passes.
Fare Calculation and Payment: The system calculates fares based on designated
routes and passenger types. Passengers can view fare details and make online payments
securely through integrated payment gateways. The system supports various payment
methods, including credit/debit cards, digital wallets, and online banking.
Real-time Information and Notifications: Passengers have access to real-time
information about their bus passes, including validity dates, routes, and fare details. The
system can send automated notifications to passengers regarding pass expiration, renewal
reminders, route changes, or any updates related to their passes.
Passenger Management: The system maintains a centralized database of passenger
information, including personal details, pass history, and preferences. It enables
transportation authorities to efficiently manage passenger data, track usage patterns, and
generate insights for service improvements.
Security and Fraud Prevention: The system incorporates robust security measures to
protect passenger data and prevent fraudulent activities. It utilizes encryption protocols,
secure authentication, and fraud detection mechanisms to ensure the integrity and
confidentiality of sensitive information.
Administrative Dashboard: The system provides transportation authorities with an
administrative dashboard to monitor and manage bus pass applications, approvals, renewals,
cancellations, and overall system operations. Authorities can efficiently track and process
applications, view real-time statistics, and handle any system-related tasks.

System Requirement
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Hardware Requirement:
Server: A dedicated server or cloud infrastructure capable of handling the system's
workload and supporting the anticipated number of users.
Storage: Sufficient storage capacity to store passenger data, documents, and system
backups.
Network Infrastructure: A stable and reliable internet connection to ensure
uninterrupted access to the system for both administrators and passengers.
Workstations: Computers or laptops for system administrators to manage and monitor
the system.
Mininum 4GB Ram , 500MB Storage Reqiuired , Processor i3 or more.

Software Requirement:
Operating System: A compatible server operating system such as Windows Server,
Linux, or Unix.
Web Server: A web server software (e.g., Apache, Nginx) to host the online bus pass
management system.
Database Management System: A robust and scalable database management
system (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle) to store and manage passenger data securely.
Programming Languages: Programming languages like Html, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery,
Bootstrap, PHP, required for system development.
Server : Server Like Xampp or Wamp will be required .

Feasibility study

9
 A feasibility study evaluates the viability and practicality of implementing a project
or system. Here are the key aspects to consider in the feasibility study for an Online Bus Pass
Management System:

Technical Feasibility:
Infrastructure: Assess the availability and adequacy of hardware, software, and
network infrastructure required to support the system. Consider the need for servers, storage,
internet connectivity, and other technical resources.
Compatibility: Evaluate the compatibility of the proposed system with existing
hardware, software, and databases. Ensure that the system can integrate with other relevant
systems, such as ticketing systems or passenger information systems.
Scalability: Determine if the system architecture and design can accommodate the
anticipated growth in users, transactions, and data volume without compromising
performance and functionality.
Economic Feasibility:
Cost-Benefit Analysis: Evaluate the costs associated with developing, implementing,
and maintaining the system against the expected benefits. Consider factors such as hardware
and software acquisition cost s, development costs, ongoing maintenance expenses, and
potential savings or revenue generation from process improvements and operational
efficiencies.
Return on Investment (ROI): Assess the potential financial returns and benefits that
the system can deliver over its projected lifespan. Determine the payback period and conduct
a financial analysis to determine the viability of the project.
Operational Feasibility:
User Adoption: Evaluate the willingness and ability of users, including passengers and
transportation authority staff, to embrace and utilize the online bus pass management system.
Conduct user surveys or interviews to understand their preferences, expectations, and
concerns.
Training and Support: Assess the need for training programs to familiarize users with
the system's functionality and processes. Consider the availability of support channels and
resources to assist users in case of issues or questions.

Analysis and Design

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Analysis Phase:
Requirements Gathering: Conduct interviews, surveys, and workshops with
stakeholders, including passengers, transportation authorities, and system administrators, to
gather their requirements and expectations for the online bus pass management system.
Identify the functional and non-functional requirements of the system.

Use Case Analysis: Create use cases to capture the interactions and relationships
between system actors, such as passengers, administrators, and external systems. Define the
various scenarios and system functionalities to ensure that all user requirements are
addressed.

Design Phase:
User Interface Design: Design an intuitive and user-friendly interface for passengers and
administrators. Create wireframes and prototypes to visualize the system's screens, navigation
flows, and interactions. Focus on usability, accessibility, and responsive design to
accommodate various devices.

Database Design: Implement the database schema designed during the analysis phase.
Define the tables, relationships, and data constraints. Consider database optimization
techniques, such as indexing and caching, to ensure efficient data retrieval and storage.

System Functionality Design: Design the system's functionalities based on the gathered
requirements. Define the processes and workflows involved in activities such as bus pass
application, verification, renewal, and cancellation. Consider any business rules or validation
criteria that need to be enforced.

Security Design: Implement appropriate security measures to protect the system and
user data. Design authentication and authorization mechanisms to ensure that only
authorized users can access and perform specific actions. Incorporate encryption protocols,
secure communication channels, and data access controls.

ER Diagram

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 password

email
aid

Admin
1 1
1

Manages Manages
View

0* 0*

bonafide 0*
0*

aid aadhar payid

mobile

type
uid pay Payment
User
cvv
name validity
cname
expdat
email mobile
num e
photo

1 0*

Do Payment

UML Diagram

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1. Use Case Diagram :

Admin

Login

All Passes

All Payments

USER

Search

Resister Pass

Resister Pass

Payment

Print Pass

2. Deployment Diagram :

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Database
 System

Admin
User

3. Class Diagram :

Pass
User
# pid : number
# id : number 1 0*
+ name : text + validity : text
+password: text + type : text
+email : text
+phone : number 0*
0*
1

0*
1
Payment 1
Admin
# payid : number
+pay : number
0* 1 # aid : number

+cname : text +email : text

+expdate : number +password : text

+num : number

4. Data Flow Diagram :

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 User Admin
Managemen Managemen
t t

Pass
Booking

Pass Payment
Managemen Managemen
t t

5. First Level Data Flow Diagram :

All Passes

Login All Payments

Admin

Search

Payment

User Pass
Report Pass
Register

Print Pass
Data Dictionary

A Data Dictionary for a Bus Pass Management System is a structured documentation that
provides a detailed description of the data elements used in the system. It serves as a reference guide

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for developers, system administrators, and other stakeholders involved in the system's design,
development, and maintenance.

Table Name : Payment

Filed Name Data Type Description

payid int Primary Key,

AUTO_INCREMENT

pay text ----

cname text ----

num text ----

expdate text ----

cvv text ----

mobile text UNIQUE

Table Name : User

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 Filed Name Data Type Description

uid int Primary Key,

AUTO_INCREMENT

name text ----

pid text ----

email text ----

photo text ----

mobile text ----

validity text UNIQUE

type text ----

bonafede text ----

aadhar text ----

startdate text ----

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Table Name : Admin

Filed Name Data Type Description

aid int Primary Key,

AUTO_INCREMENT

email text ----

password text ----

Input-Output Screen
Home Screen :

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About Screen :

Contact Screen :

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Bus Details Screen :

Report Screen :
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Admin Screen :

Limitations/Drawbacks
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 The online bus pass management system, like any other system, may have some limitations
or drawbacks. Here are a few potential limitations:

Technical Issues: The system's performance and reliability can be affected by technical issues
such as server downtime, network connectivity problems, or software glitches. These issues may
result in service disruptions and inconvenience for users.
Digital Divide: The system relies on internet connectivity and access to digital devices, which
may create a barrier for individuals who do not have access to the internet or are not familiar with
using online systems. This can exclude certain segments of the population from utilizing the online
bus pass management system.
User Adoption and Training: Some users, particularly older adults or those with limited
technological proficiency, may face challenges in adapting to the online system. Adequate training
and support mechanisms must be in place to assist users in navigating and using the system
effectively.
Security Risks: Online systems are vulnerable to security threats such as data breaches,
hacking attempts, or unauthorized access. Protecting sensitive passenger data and implementing
robust security measures, such as encryption and authentication protocols, is crucial to mitigate these
risks.
Dependency on Infrastructure: The system relies on stable internet connectivity and
infrastructure, including servers and databases. Any disruptions or failures in these components can
impact the system's availability and functionality.
Privacy Concerns: Collecting and storing passenger data in an online system raises privacy
concerns. It is essential to have proper data protection policies and comply with relevant data
protection regulations to safeguard user privacy.
Maintenance and Updates: The system requires regular maintenance, including software
updates, bug fixes, and security patches. Adequate resources and procedures must be in place to
ensure timely maintenance, minimizing disruptions to the system's operation.
Limited Personal Interaction: Online systems may lack the personal interaction and customer
service experience provided in traditional offline systems. Users may miss the ability to interact
directly with staff or resolve queries in person.
System Complexity: Designing and implementing a comprehensive online bus pass
management system can be a complex task. It requires careful planning, coordination, and
integration with existing systems, which may pose challenges during the development and
deployment stages.

Future Enhancement
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 Mobile Application: Develop a mobile application for passengers to apply for bus passes,
renew passes, and manage their accounts conveniently from their smartphones. The app can also
provide real-time bus tracking, notifications, and updates for improved user experience.

Integration with Payment Gateways: Enable integration with popular payment gateways to
facilitate online payment options for bus pass fees. This allows passengers to make secure and
convenient payments using various methods such as credit cards, mobile wallets, or digital payment
platforms.

Biometric Authentication: Implement biometric authentication methods, such as fingerprint

or facial recognition, for enhanced security and faster user authentication during pass application or
verification processes.

Multi-language Support: Introduce multi-language support to cater to a diverse user base,

allowing passengers to access the system and interact in their preferred language. This can enhance
user satisfaction and accessibility.

Enhanced Security Measures: Continuously update and strengthen security measures to

protect sensitive passenger data from cyber threats. Implement encryption, regular security audits,
intrusion detection systems, and other advanced security mechanisms to ensure data privacy and
system integrity.

Bibliography

https://www.google.com/
https://www.wikipedia.org/
https://www.youtube.com /

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