SCIENCE 10

2nd QUARTER
Module 7

What You See Is What You Get

Most Essential Learning Competencies

Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use in optical instruments
(e.g., cameras and binoculars) (S10-FE-Iih-52).

To the Learner
This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply the lesson
objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.
1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your studies.
2. Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing the
activities.
3. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to ask from
your teacher.
4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writers
 Expectations
This module will help you identify the properties of mirrors and lenses and its use
in optical instruments. Specifically, this material will help you to:
1. explain the use of mirrors and lenses in cameras and microscopes; and
2. explain the use of mirrors and lenses in telescopes and binoculars.

Pre-test
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on
your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following examples is NOT an optical instrument?

a. camera b. ceramics c. eyes d. projector
2. What is the difference between reflection and refraction?
a. Reflection is a property of mirror and lens, refraction is not.
b. Refraction is a property of mirror and lens, reflection is not.
c. With reflection, light rays bend. With refraction, light bounces back.
d. With refraction, light rays bend. With reflection, light bounces back.
3. Which of the following are utilized in a compound microscope?
a. lenses and a mirror b. lens but no mirror
c. a mirror but no lens d. neither a lens nor a mirror
4. Which of the following are utilized in a reflecting telescope?
a. lenses and a mirror b. lens but no mirror
c. a mirror but no lens d. neither a lens nor a mirror
5. Which optical instrument uses lenses to enlarge a minute or small object?
a. binocular b. camera c. microscope d. telescope

Looking Back
Directions: Complete the table by filling in the correct type of mirrors and lenses based on
the given characteristics and example. Choose your answer from the word pool below.

Convex mirror Concave mirror Flat mirror

Concave lens Convex lens Flat lens

Type of Example Descriptions

mirror /
lens
1. bathroom mirror angle of incidence equals angle of reflection
2. clear window refraction depends on how fast light can
travel through a medium
3. inside of spoon up close – reflected image is larger
far away – image is upside down
4. used to correct refracted image is always smaller, regardless
nearsightedness of distance
5. back of spoon reflected image is smaller
6. used to correct up close – refracted image is larger
farsightedness far away – image is upside down
 Brief Introduction

Are you one of those typical Grade 10 students who love taking photos? Maybe
some of you have already tried using an SLR camera. We use cameras to take pictures
of memorable events in our lives. Camera manufacturers use combinations of concave
and convex lenses which are used to improve the quality of photographs. The primary
lens of a camera is convex, and when used alone, it may cause distortions in the
photographs. A convex lens, on the other hand, refracts the light of different colors at
different angles, creating a fringe effect around bright objects in the picture. Therefore,
combining convex and concave lenses eliminates both undesirable effects.

Other important optical instruments include microscope, telescopes,

binoculars, and the like. A light microscope is an instrument that uses lenses to
make enlarged images of objects that are too small to the naked eye. These
instruments may have mirrors or lenses, or a combination of both. Mirrors and lenses
can reflect and refract light. Reflection refers to the bouncing back of light when it
hits a smooth surface, while refraction is the bending of light when it travels from
one medium to another. These properties have made mirrors and lenses useful for
centuries. As of 2010, mirrors and lenses were so prevalent that most people use
them every day, regardless of whether or not they consciously perceive the use. There
are standard and innovative uses for mirrors and lenses - like for safety, photography,
educational instruments, etc. (Sciencing,Wanda Thibodeaux, 2017)
Let us all discover how mirrors and lenses are used in some optical
instruments. Gear up! Prepare all the materials needed, have fun while learning!

Activity 1: ‘’REFLECTION OR REFRACTION?’’

Objectives: Identify the reflective or refractive property of mirrors and lenses.
Procedures: Read and analyze each card on the right side. Classify the statements by
writing them under the correct property on your answer sheets.
 Critical thinking questions:
1. What are the properties of mirrors and lenses based on the activity?
2. How do you differentiate reflection from refraction?
3. Do you think these properties of mirrors and lenses are useful? In what way/s?
4. What is the application of mirrors and lenses in our everyday lives?

Activity 2: “INSIDE STORY: What’s In A Microscope and Camera”

Objectives: Explain the use of mirrors and lenses in cameras and microscopes.
Procedures:
PART A. Observe the picture closely and identify which numbered parts of the
microscope represent the optical parts.

Critical thinking questions: 1

1. What are the optical parts of a compound

microscope?
Why did you think so?
2. How would you explain the use of mirrors
and/or lenses in a microscope?

2
A compound microscope
A magnifying lens is a simple microscope. It is an 3
instrument that produces a larger image. A microscope is
an optical instrument that is composed of two convex 4 6
lenses of short focal length. These are objective lens and 5
eyepiece lens. The object is placed near the focal point of
the first objective lens that forms the first image. This 7
object is formed between the eyepiece lens and its focus.
Also, this image becomes the object of the eyepiece lens.
Then the eyepiece lens forms the final image that is virtual and larger.

PART B: Look closely! The picture below shows a diagrammatic representation of a camera.
Analyze the illustration carefully. Then, answer below.

Figure 1: Camera

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-2.0/section/19.9/primary/lesson/optical-
instruments-ms-ps

TRUE or FALSE: Read each statement. Write YES if it is true, and NO if it is false.

1. Both microscope and camera have mirrors and/or lenses.

2. Camera manufacturers use combinations of concave and convex lenses to improve the
quality of photographs.
3. Mirrors and lenses can reflect or refract light.
4. The primary lens of a camera is concave.
5. At present, cameras can be produced even without mirrors and lenses.
 A camera is an optical instrument that forms and even records an image of an
object. The image may be recorded on film or it may be detected by an electronic sensor
that stores the image digitally. The camera uses a lens and when the light passes
through it, it forms a reduced real image.

Activity 3: “Telescopic View”

Objectives: Explain the use of mirrors and lenses in telescopes.
Procedure: Use the statements below to explain how mirrors and lenses are used in a
telescopes.

2.
1. 4.

3.
5.

Figure 2: A Refracting Telescope Figure 3: A Reflecting Telescope

 Small mirror reflects light and image into the eyepiece

 Small lens magnifies and focuses light on your eyes
 Light focuses here
 Large mirror gathers and reflects light
 Large lens gathers and bends light

An instrument used to see objects that are far away is called a telescope and is
often used to view stars and even planets. There are two main types of telescopes. One
type uses lenses to magnify the image. Telescopes that use lenses are called refracting
telescopes. The other type uses mirrors to focus the light from the image. These
telescopes are called reflecting telescopes.

Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend the light to a specific focal point. The
basic refracting telescope has two lenses. The first lens is called the objective lens. This
lens is a convex lens that bends the incoming light rays to a focal point within the
telescope. The second lens is called the eyepiece. This lens takes the light from the focal
point and spreads it out across the retina of your eye. This makes the object seem
much closer than it is.

Reflecting telescopes use mirrors instead of lenses to focus the light. A

concave mirror is used to gather light and reflect it to a focal point. To get the light out
of the telescope, another mirror is used to direct the light to an eyepiece.

5
 Activity 4: “One Direction”
Objective: Explain the use of mirrors and lenses in binoculars
Procedures: Copy the binocular illustration on your answer sheet and draw arrows
to show the direction of light then answer the questions that follow.

Objective lens
Objective lens

Prism

Figure 4: A Porro prism binocular

Critical thinking questions:

1. What type of lens does a binocular use to see distant objects? Why?

2. How are binoculars useful to us?

A binocular is an optical instrument consisting of two similar telescopes, used for

providing a magnified view of distant objects. The objective lens takes in light and captures
an image. The second lens, the eyepiece lens, magnifies the image so that it’s clearer for your
eye. The eyepiece lens can be thought of as a magnifying glass, expanding the small image it
picks up into a larger one for you to view. This lens will take the image that’s projected onto
it by the objective lens and magnify it for your viewing pleasure.

There’s a problem with using convex lenses to

refract light. When light is refracted through a
convex lens, it results in an upside-down image.
You might think the eyepiece lens takes care of this
problem, but it doesn’t. Instead, prisms are placed
in a certain position to rotate the image for
your eyes. These prisms are essentially just
large wedges of glass that rotate and reflect the
image. It needs two prisms to rotate the image to
180 degrees, each prism effectively rotating the
image 90 degrees. Since it takes two prisms in each tube to correct the image, each set of
binoculars will have a total of four prisms.
https://www.birdwatching.com/optics/how_binoculars_work.html
 Check Your Understanding

Riddle Me The Optics!

Procedure: Answer the following riddles about different optical instruments. Write
your answer on your answer sheet.
1. This is something you can look through 2. Although your eye gets put on this
Although it’s not a bubble It is not a door peephole
There is a large one out in space It’s something used in a lab
Which has the name of Hubble If viewing small things is your goal

3. Looking at the sky 4. I have one eye,

Or the elephant right in the eye See near and far
Use me as your two lobes I hold the moments you treasure
Considered as two telescopes Just hold and capture

Remember
Binocular – a handheld optical instrument composed of two telescopes to magnify and
focus distant objects.
Camera – is an optical instrument that forms and records an image of an object.
Microscope – an optical instrument consisting of lens or combination of lenses for
making enlarged images of minute objects.
Telescope – a tubular optical instrument for viewing distant objects through
reflection or refraction of light rays through a lens.

Post-test

Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on
your answer sheet.

1. What can you use to see other planets?

a. camera b. eyeglasses c. microscope d. telescope
2. Which combination is found in a refracting telescope?
a. one convex lens and one plane mirror c. two convex lenses
b. one convex lens and two plane mirrors d.one convex lens and one
concave lens
3. Binoculars are adaptations of which optical device?
a. camera b. eye c. microscope d. telescope
4. What optical instrument uses two converging lenses to achieve greater
magnification?
a. camera b. eye c. microscope d. telescope
5. Which optical instrument is the man’s answer to the eye’s inability to produce a
permanent record of the image formed at the retina?
a. binocular b. camera c. microscope d. telescope
 Reflection

Direction: Write a reflective learning on how mirrors and lenses are used in some optical instruments.

A camera uses

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com

A telescope uses

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.ca%2Fpin%2F5704

A microscope uses

Binocular use