Algebra

Non-negotiable

2x +1 1
1.1 Solve for x : − x ≤ (3x − 4 ) + 3 (5)
5 2

S
∴ 2 ( 2 x + 1) − 10 x ≤ 5 ( 3 x − 4 ) + 30  … multiply every term by 10

∴ 4 x + 2 − 10 x ≤ 15 x − 20 + 30 
∴−21x ≤ 8 

A
8
∴x ≥ −  … note the inequality sign changes
21

T
1.2 Solve for x and y : x − 4 y = 12 and 3x + 2 y = 8 (4)

x − 4 y = 12 
3x + 2 y = 8 
3×  3x − 12 y = 36  
 –  ∴14 y = −28 
∴ y = −2 
x − 4 ( − 2 ) = 12

∴x = 4 
∴ x = 4 and y = −2

Take it up a notch
8 x3 − 1 8 x3 + 4 x 2 + 2 x
2.1 Simplify ÷ (6)
2x2 + 5x − 3 8 x 3 + 24 x 2

( 2 x − 1) ( 4 x 2 + 2 x + 1) 8 x 2 ( x + 3)
×
( 2 x − 1)( x + 3) 2 x ( 4 x 2 + 2 x + 1)

8x2
=
2x
= 4x 
2.2 Determine the value of x if the area of the shape below is 146 units2.

S
(6)

( 4 x − 1)( 2 x + 5) − ( x + 3)
2
= 146 

A
∴8 x 2 + 18 x − 5 − ( x 2 + 6 x + 9 ) = 146

∴8 x 2 + 18 x − 5 − x 2 − 6 x − 9 = 146 
∴ 7 x 2 + 12 x − 160 = 0 

T
∴ ( x − 4 )( 7 x + 40 ) = 0 
40
∴ x = 4 or x = − 
7
∴x = 4  … the sides cannot have negative lengths

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3. Given 9w = 11; 11x = 15; 15 y = 22; 22z = 27 . Determine the value of wxyz
without the use of a calculator. (5)

9w = 11

∴( 9w ) = 11x = 15 
x

( )
y
∴ (9w )
x
= 15 y = 22 
z

( )
y
⎛ ⎞
∴ ⎜ (9w )
x z
⎟ = 22 = 27 
⎝ ⎠
∴9wxyz = 27
∴32 wxyz = 33 
∴ 2wxyz = 3
3
∴ wxyz = 
2
 Patterns
Non-negotiable
1. Given: 2; 8; 14; 20; 26; …

1.1 Write down the next term of the pattern. (1)

S
32 

1.2 Determine the n th term of the pattern. (2)

Tn = 6n−4

A
1.3 Write down the 100th term. (2)
T100 = 6 (100 ) − 4 = 596

T
1.4 Which term is equal to 278? (2)
6n − 4 = 278 
∴ 6n = 282
∴ n = 47 

Take it up a notch
2. The pattern below consists of grey and white squares. Only consider unit squares
in this example.

2.1 Write down the number of grey squares in the 15th figure. (1)

Figure 1 2 3 4 15
Number of grey squares 0 1 4 9 196 

2.2 Determine the number of white squares in the 15th figure. (2)

Figure 1 2 3 4 15
Number of white squares 1 3 5 7 29 
2.3 Determine the number of grey squares that are in the figure that has
379 white squares. (4)

White squares: Tn = 2n − 1
∴ 2n − 1 = 379 

S
∴ n = 190 

Grey squares: Tn = ( n − 1)
2

∴T190 = (190 − 1) = 35 721 

2

A
2.4 Two consecutive figures have a TOTAL number of 10 805 squares.
Determine which two figures these are. (5)

T
Total squares: Tn = n 2

∴ n2 + ( n + 1) = 10 805 
2

∴ n2 + n2 + 2n + 1 = 10 805 
∴ 2n2 + 2n − 10 804 = 0
∴ n2 + n − 5 402 = 0 
∴ ( n − 73 )( n + 74 ) = 0 

∴ n = 73 or n = −74
∴ n = 73
∴ the 73rd and 74th figures. 
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3. Given: 12 + 22 = 32 − 22 Row 1
2 2 2 2
2 +3 = 7 −6 Row 2
2 2 2 2
3 + 4 = 13 − 12 Row 3

S
3.1 Write down row 4. (1)
42 + 52 = 212 − 202 

3.2 Write down row n . (2)

A
2 2
n 2 + ( n + 1) = ⎡⎣ n ( n + 1) + 1⎤⎦ − ⎡⎣ n ( n + 1) ⎤⎦ 
2

If you are not sure how

∴ n 2 + ( n + 1) = ( n 2 + n + 1) − ( n 2 + n )
2 2 2
to get these answers,

T
watch the video!
Or
2 2
n 2 + ( n + 1) = ⎡⎣( n + 1) + n 2 ⎤⎦ − ⎡⎣( n + 1) + n 2 − 1⎤⎦ 
2

∴ n 2 + ( n + 1) = ( n 2 + n + 1) − ( n 2 + n )
2 2 2

3.3 Prove algebraically that row n is true. (4)

LHS = n2 + ( n + 1)
2

∴ LHS = n2 + n2 + 2n + 1
∴ LHS = 2n2 + 2n + 1 
RHS = ( n + n + 1) − ( n + n )
2 2 2 2

∴ RHS = ⎡⎣( n 2 + n + 1) − ( n 2 + n ) ⎤⎦ ⎣⎡( n 2 + n + 1) + ( n 2 + n ) ⎦⎤ 

∴ RHS = [1] ⎡⎣ 2n2 + 2n + 1⎤⎦ 
∴ RHS = 2n2 + 2n + 1
∴ LHS = RHS

Or

LHS = n2 + ( n + 1)
2

∴ LHS = n2 + n2 + 2n + 1
∴ LHS = 2n2 + 2n + 1 
RHS = ( n 2 + n + 1) − ( n 2 + n )
2 2

∴ RHS = n4 + n2 + 1 + 2n3 + 2n2 + 2n − ( n4 + 2n3 + n2 ) 

∴ RHS = n4 + n2 + 1 + 2n3 + 2n2 + 2n − n4 − 2n3 − n2 
∴ RHS = 2n2 + 2n + 1
∴ LHS = RHS
 Functions
Non-negotiable

2
1. Given p ( x ) = − + 2 and q ( x ) = − x + 3 .
x

S
1.1 Draw the graphs of p and q on the same set of axes. Show all
important information. (5)

 asymptotes of p

A
 (1; 0 )
 shape of p
 ( 0; 3 )

T
 ( 3; 0 )

1.2 Write down the range of p . (2)

y ∈ »; y ≠ 2 

1.3 Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of p that has a
positive gradient. (2)
y = x+2

1.4 For what value(s) of x is:

1.4.1 p (x) = q (x) ? (5)

2
− + 2 = −x + 3 
x
∴−2 + 2 x = − x 2 + 3x 
∴ x2 − x − 2 = 0 
∴ ( x − 2 )( x + 1) = 0 

∴ x = 2 or x = −1 

1.4.2 p (x) > 0 ? (2)

x < 0  or x > 1

1.4.3 p (x) ≥ q (x) ? (3)

−1 ≤ x < 0  or x ≥ 2
Take it up a notch

2. f ( x ) = ax 2 + c is drawn passing through ( 2; − 6 ) and ( − 8; 24 ) . A semi-circle is

drawn with AB as the diameter.

T A S 2.1

2.2
Determine the equation of f ( x ) .

y = ax2 + c
Subs ( 2; − 6 )
Subs ( −8; 24 )
–
−6 = 4a + c

∴a = 
1
2
⎛1⎞
−6 = 4 ⎜ ⎟ + c
⎝2⎠
∴ c = −8 
1

24 = 64a + c  
30 = 60a

∴ f ( x ) = x2 − 8
2

Hence determine the area of the semi-circle, correct to

two decimal places.
(4)

(4)
1 2
x −8 = 0 
2
∴ x 2 − 16 = 0
∴ ( x − 4 )( x + 4 ) = 0 
∴ A ( − 4; 0 ) and B ( 4; 0 )
1
Area = ×  × 42 
2
∴ Area = 25,13 units2 
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3. The function y = f ( x ) is a straight line. f ( 0 ) = 5 and f ( f ( 0 ) ) = − 5 .

(
Determine f f ( f ( 0) ) . )

S
(5)

f ( f ( 0 ) ) = −5
∴ f ( 5 ) = −5  … since f ( 0 ) = 5

A
f ( x ) is a straight line with ( 0; 5 ) and ( 5; − 5 ) on it.
5 = m (0) + c
∴c = 5 

T
−5 = m ( 5 ) + 5
∴ m = −2 
∴ f ( x ) = −2 x + 5

(
f f ( f ( 0) ) )
= f ( f (5 ))
= f ( −5 ) 
= −2 ( −5 ) + 5
= 15 
 Finance
Non-negotiable

1. An amount of R5 000 is invested in an account at 5,6% p.a. compounded quarterly.

Determine the total amount in the account after six years. (3)

S
6× 4
⎛ 0, 056 ⎞
A = 5 000 ⎜ 1 + ⎟ 
⎝ 4 ⎠
∴ A = R6 980, 41 

A
Take it up a notch

T
2. R7 000 is invested at 8% p.a. compounded quarterly for two years. The interest rate
then changes to x% p.a. compounded monthly for four years. You are hoping to
have at least R12 000 in the account after the six years. Determine, correct to
two decimal places, the smallest value of x that will result in this. (5)

2× 4 4×12
⎛ 0, 08 ⎞ ⎛ x% ⎞
7 000 ⎜ 1 + ⎟ ⎜ 1 + ⎟  = 12 000
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠
48
⎛ x% ⎞
∴ ⎜1 + ⎟ = 1, 46312...
⎝ 12 ⎠
x%
∴1 + = 1, 00796...
12
∴ x = 9,55220...
∴ to get at least R12 000, the lowest rate correct to two decimal places is 9,56% . 
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3. A certain amount of money is invested in an account offering compound interest.

The graph below represents the formula A = P (1 + i ) . The points ( 0; R 10 000 ) and
n

S
( 5; R 14 025, 52 ) lie on the graph.

T A
Determine the value of i correct to the nearest integer. (5)

10 000 = P (1 + i ) 
0
… subs ( 0; R 10 000 )
∴ P = 10 000 

14 025,52 = 10 000 (1 + i ) 
5
…subs ( 5; R 14 025, 52 )

∴ (1 + i ) = 1, 402552 
5

∴1 + i = 1,07000...
∴ i = 0,07000...
∴ i = 7% 
 Probability
Non-negotiable

1. There are 75 learners in Grade 10 at a particular school. 25 of them like working in

the library before school, 30 of them like working in the library after school, and

S
30 never go into the library.

1.1 Use a Venn diagram to determine the number of learners who work in the
library both before and after school. (4)

T A


25 − x + x + 30 − x + 30 = 75 
∴85 − x = 75
∴ x = 10 
∴ 10 learners work in the library both before and after school

1.2 Determine the probability that a learner only works in the library
after school. (2)

30 − 10
P= 
75
4
∴P = 
15
Take it up a notch

2. Use a new Venn diagram for each question and shade the required area.

2.1 P ( A and B ) (2)



S
2.2 P ( A or B ) (2)

A


T
2.3 P ( A ' and B ) (2)



2.4 P ( A or B ' ) (2)



2.5 P ( A and B ) ' (2)



2.6 P ( A ' and B ' ) (2)


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3. Given:
 P ( A and B ) = 0, 2

S
 P ( A or B ) ' = 0, 28
 P ( B ) = 3P ( A )

Determine P ( B and A ' ) . (5)

A
P ( A or B ) ' = 0, 28

∴ P ( A or B ) = 1 − 0, 28 = 0, 72 

T
P ( A or B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A and B )

∴ 0, 72 = P ( A ) + 3 P ( A ) − 0, 2 

∴ 4 P ( A ) = 0, 92

∴ P ( A ) = 0, 23 
∴ P ( B ) = 3 × 0, 23 = 0, 69

∴ P ( B and A ' ) = 0, 49 
 Data Handling
Non-negotiable

1. The following marks were obtained by a class of Grade 10 learners on a test out of
50 marks.

S
Marks Frequency
0 < x ≤ 10 2
10 < x ≤ 20 7

A
20 < x ≤ 30 13
30 < x ≤ 40 8
40 < x ≤ 50 5

T
1.1 Determine the approximate mean of the data. (4)

Marks Frequency ( f ) Midpoint ( x ) f ×x

0 < x ≤ 10 2 5 10
10 < x ≤ 20 7 15 105
20 < x ≤ 30 13 25 325
30 < x ≤ 40 8 35 280
40 < x ≤ 50 5 45 225
Sum 35  945 

945
Approximate mean = = 27 
35

1.2 Write down the modal class. (1)

20 < x ≤ 30 

1.3 What percentage of the class achieved more than 80%? Give your answer
to the nearest percentage. (2)

5
= 14%
35
Take it up a notch
2. Eight numbers are written in ascending order.
17; 20; 21; 27; x; 32; 36; 39

Determine the value of x, if the mean and the median of all eight numbers is
the same. (5)

S
27 + x
Median = 
2
192 + x
Mean = 
8
27 + x 192 + x

A
∴ = 
2 8
∴ 8 ( 27 + x ) = 2 (192 + x )

∴ 216 + 8 x = 384 + 2 x 

T
∴ 6 x = 168
∴ x = 28 

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3. The following stem and leaf diagram is given. This is a very unusual
way of asking this – look
6 0 2 2 at the key carefully!
10 1 3 3 3
14 0 2 2 3 3
18 0 2 3 3 3 3 Key 6 | 2 means 6 + 2 = 8
22 3 3 3 3
26 0 0 2
30 1 2

3.1 Determine the five number summary for the data. (4)
Median = 18 + 2 = 20 
Lower quartile = 10 + 3 = 13 
Upper quartile = 22 + 3 = 25 
Five number summary: 6; 13; 20; 25; 32 

3.2 Draw a box and whisker diagram for the data. (3)


 Analytical Geometry
Non-negotiable

1. Given: A ( − 3; 4 ) and B (1; −6 )

S
1.1 Determine the length of AB in surd form. (2)

( −3 − 1) + ( 4 − ( −6 ) )
2 2
AB = 

A
∴ AB = 116 = 2 29 

1.2 Determine the midpoint of AB. (2)

T
⎛ −3 + 1 4 + ( − 6 ) ⎞
Midpoint = ⎜ ; ⎟ = ( −1; −1) 
⎝ 2 2 ⎠

1.3 Determine the gradient of AB. (2)

4 − ( −6 ) 5
m AB = = − 
−3 − 1 2

1.4 Determine the equation of AB. (2)

5
y=− x+c
2
5
∴ 4 = − ( −3 ) + c  … subs A ( − 3; 4 )
2
7
∴c = −
2
5 7
∴y =− x− 
2 2
Take it up a notch
2. ABCD is a kite with B ( 3;1) and D ( − 5; − 3 ) .

T A S Determine the equation of the line passing through A and C .

Midpoint of BD = ⎜

mBD =
1 − ( −3 )
3 − ( −5 )

∴ m AC = −2 
∴ y = −2 x + c
⎛ −5 + 3 −3 + 1 ⎞
⎝ 2
1
= 
2
;
2 ⎠
⎟ = ( −1; −1) 

… mAC × mBD = −1

∴ − 1 = − 2 ( − 1) + c 

∴ c = −3
∴ y = −2 x − 3 
(7)
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3. Given A ( −3; −2 ) , B ( 6; −1) and C ( 3;3) .

T A S Determine the area of ΔABC.

Draw a rectangle around ΔABC. The area will be the area of the rectangle minus the
area of the three triangles.

∴ Area =
39
1

units2 
1
2
1
Area = 9 × 5− × 5 × 6− × 4 × 3− ×1× 9
2 2
(5)

An alternative way to do this would be to get the equation of AB, the equation of
the altitude passing through C, finding where those two lines intersect, then getting
the length of AB and the length of the altitude from C, and using the formula
1
Area = bh . The above method is a very nice visual way to do this more quickly!
2
 Trigonometry
Non-negotiable
Calculators may not be used in this question.

1.1 If 13cos  + 5 = 0 and 180° <  < 360° , determine the value of 12 cosec  − 10 tan  . (6)

S
5
cos  = − 
13

( −5)
2
+ y 2 = 132

A
∴ y = ±12
∴ y = −12  … third quadrant

T
12 cosec  − 10 tan 
⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ −12 ⎞
= 12 ⎜  ⎟ − 10 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −12 ⎠ ⎝ −5 ⎠
= −13 − 24 
= −37 

1.2 Determine the value of cosec 60° cot 30° + cos 45° cosec 45° . (5)

cosec 60° cot 30° + cos 45° cosec 45°

2 3 1 2
= × + × 
3 1 2 1
= 2 +1
=3 
Take it up a notch

2. A person stands at the top of a 10 metre building and observes a man standing at
point D and a dog at point C. The angle of depression to the man is 40° and to the
dog is 55°.

A S
Determine the distance from the man to the dog, i.e. DC, correct to two decimal places.

T
(5)
 = 35°
BAC B AD = 50°
BC BD
∴ tan 35° =  ∴ tan 50° = 
10 10
∴ BC = 7, 00  ∴ BD = 11,92 

∴CD = 11,92 − 7,00 = 4,92 metres 

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2x
3. sin A = 2
and A and B are complementary. Determine tan B in terms of x . (5)
x +1

AC 2 = ( x2 + 1) − ( 2x ) 
2 2
… Pythag

∴ AC 2 = x 4 + 2 x 2 + 1 − 4 x 2 
∴ AC 2 = x 4 − 2 x 2 + 1

∴ AC 2 = ( x2 −1) 
2

∴ AC = ± ( x 2 − 1)

If x > 1 If 0 < x < 1

If you are not
AC = x 2 − 1 AC = 1 − x 2 sure how to get these
x2 − 1 1 − x2 answers, watch the video!
∴ tan B =  ∴ tan B = 
2x 2x
Euclidean Geometry & Measurement
Non-negotiable

1.  and RV bisects Q RS
PQRS is a parallelogram. PT bisects Q PS  .

T A S1.1

1.2
Prove that ΔPTS ≡ ΔRVQ .

In ΔPTS and ΔRVQ

1. PS = QR (opp sides of ||m) 
 = V QR
2. P ST
3. Q PS
 (alt ∠s; PS || QR ) 
 = Q RS
 (opp ∠s of ||m) 
 = Q RV
∴ S PT  (both bisected) 

∴ΔPTS ≡ ΔRVQ (AAS) 

Hence prove that PVRT is a parallelogram.

PT = VR ( ΔPTS ≡ ΔRVQ ) 
PT S = RVQ ( ΔPTS ≡ ΔRVQ )
 = RVT
∴ PTV  (∠s on a str line) 

∴ PT || VR (alt ∠s equal) 
(5)

(4)

∴ PVRT is a parallelogram ( pair of opp sides = and ||) 

Take it up a notch

2. A cone is placed on a cylinder, which is placed on a hemisphere.

A S
Determine the volume of the combined shape, correct to two decimal places. (7)

Radius of all shapes = 2 cm … from the hemisphere

T
1
Cone: V =  r 2h
3
1
∴V = ×  × 2 2 × 3 = 4 
3

Cylinder: V =  r 2h
∴V =  × 22 × 6= 24 

2
Hemisphere: V =  r 3
3
2 16
∴V = ×  × 23  =  
3 3

16
∴V = 4 + 24 + 
3

∴V = 104, 72 cm3 
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3. A circle, centre O, passes through A, D, E and F. FD produced and AB produced

meet at C. FD = DC.

T A S Determine ED : DB .

In ΔOAF and ΔOED

1. OA = OE (radii)
2. OF = OD (radii)
 = EOD
3. AOF

and OFA
 (vert opp ∠s)

∴ΔOAF ≡ ΔOED (SAS) 

∴ AF = DE ( ΔOAF ≡ ΔOED ) 
 = ODE
 ( ΔOAF ≡ ΔOED )

∴ AF || DE (alt ∠s equal) 
∴ AF || BD and FD = DC (given)
∴ AB = BC (converse midpt thm) 
(7)

1
∴ BD = AF (midpt thm) 
2
1
∴ BD = DE ( AF = DE )
2
∴ ED : DB = 2 :1 