CORRECTION PILLAR

Correction
 Penitentiary Science
 Branch of Administration of Criminal Justice
 Charged with the responsibility of custody, supervision, and the convicts.

Penology
 Penal Science
 Branch of Criminology
 Study of control and prevention of crime through punishment of criminal
offenders
 POENA means punishment or suffering.

Correctional Processes
Correctional process is a means by which the government deals with
offenders. This process when given to the offender is often commensurate with the
offense committed. In the Philippines, there are two correctional processes.

Two Correctional Processes

1. Institutional Correction
2. Non – Institutional Correction

Institutional Correction
This Correctional process planned the offender in a correctional institution
such as jail or prison and other special institutions and facilities if he is found to be a
threat to the security and safety of the people. This means that the rehabilitation of
the criminal takes place inside prison or jail.
(BJMP, DSWD, BUCOR, PROVINCIAL JAIL)
Non – Institutional Correction
In this process, the offender is given correctional programs of reformation
activities usually community-based program, which should be complied directly
within the community where the offender resides. This means that the rehabilitation
of the criminal takes place in the free community and not in jail or person.
(PAROLE, PROBATION, EXECUTIVE CLEMENCIES)
THREE AIMS OF CORRECTION REFORMS
1. To provide judges with more options to deal with offenders through use of
probation, day fines, commitment to community treatment centers, pre-trial
release, and other measures short of imprisonment.
2. Improving condition in prison and jails, including decongestion, improved
housing, more effective medical, educational, vocational training, and
rehabilitation program services.
3. Establishing an integrated correctional system that will ensure the
development of a unified philosophy of treatment, implementation of uniform
standards and policies, effective programs planning and development and
efficient delivery of services to offenders while at the same time protecting the
interest and welfare of the society.

In addition, the Bureau of Prison is entrusted with Two Broad Goals

1. To segregate from society the persons who by their acts have proven
themselves dangerous to the society.
2. To strive at the corrections of these prisoners with the hope that when they
return to society, they shall be able to lead normal, well-adjusted, self
supporting and useful lives as useful law-abiding citizens.

Punishment
The redress that the state takes against an offending member of the society
that usually involves pain and suffering.
Penalty
It refers to the consequences that follow the transgression of laws. The judicial
punishment for crime or violation of laws.
Imprisonment
It is the state or condition of being constrained, restrained, or incarcerated in
room or building. It is a punishment form of conventional punishment of crime
offenders.
Prison
It is penitentiary, an institution for the confinement of persons convicted of
major / heinous crimes.
Prisoner
A person who is under the custody of a lawful authority. A person who by
reason of his criminal sentence or by a decision issued by a court maybe deprived of
his liberty.
JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMENT
1. RETRIBUTION
The oldest justification of punishment and can be found in the theories offered
by Kant and Hegel (Brooks, 2001). It is the fact that the individuals have committed
a wrongful act that justifies punishment, and that the punishment should be
proportional to the wrong committed punishment imposed (as on a convicted
criminal) for purposes of repayment or revenge for the wrong committed.
2. GENERAL DETERRENCE
Justifies the imposition of punishment to deter other potential offenders. The
logic of this theory is that if the imposition of criminal punishment deters people
from committing crimes, then the public can enjoy a greater sense of safety and
security (Hudson, 2003).
3. SPECIFIC DETERRENCE
An example of specific deterrence is when you get pulled over for speeding
and are issued a ticket. The intent is that the punishment of paying a fine may slow
down driving behavior in the future.
4. EXPIATION or ATONEMENT
It is punishment in the form of group vengeance where the purpose is to
appease the offended public or group.
5. INCAPACITATION
Incapacitation aims to restrain an offender in order to render him or her
incapable of re- offending. Imprisonment is one form of incapacitation. Other
sentencing options that curtail an offender's liberty-such as the use of electronic
surveillance to track an offender's movements-are also forms of incapacitation.

Classification of Prisoners
1. Detention Prisoners
Those detained for investigation, preliminary hearing or awaiting trial.
2. Sentenced Prisoner
Offenders who are committed to the jail or prison in order to serve after final
conviction by competent court.
3. Prisoners on Safekeeping
Includes noncriminal offenders who are detained to protect the community
against their harmful behavior.
Classification of Sentenced Prisoners
Insular or National Prisoners
Those sentence to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life
imprisonment.
Municipal Prisoners
Th0se confined in municipal jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6
months. Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are pending with the
MTC.
City Prisoner
Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a
fine of not more than 1000 pesos or both. Those detained therein whose are
cognizable by the RTC and under preliminary investigation.
Provincial Prisoners
Those sentence to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 3
years or a fine of not more than 1000 pesos or both; those detained therein waiting
for preliminary investigation of their cases cognizable by the RTC.

JAIL
A place for locking-up persons who are convicted of minor offenses imposed
upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of persons who are awaiting
trial or investigation of their cases.

Types of Jails
Locked up jails – is a security facility, common to police stations used for
temporary confinement of an individual held for investigation.
Ordinary jails – is the type of jail commonly used to detain a convicted criminal
offender to serve sentence less than three years.
Workhouse, Jail Farms or Camp – A facility that houses minimum custody
offenders who are serving short sentences or those who are undergoing constructive
work programs.

Release
The stage wherein the convict after serving his sentence or period of probation
or parole is finally granted the right of a freeman by restoring his entire
constitutional and civil rights taken from him as a result of the commission of crime.
Department of Justice (DOJ)
Agencies under Department of Justice involved in Correctional Administration
• Bureau of Corrections
• Board of Pardons and Parole
• Probation and Parole Administration

Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)

Agencies under DILG involved in Correctional Administration
• Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
• Provincial Government

Department of Social Welfare and Development

Agencies under DSWD involved in Correctional Administration
• Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council

1. Probation
2. Parole
3. Reprieve
4. Commutation of sentence
5. Pardon (absolute and conditional)
6. Amnesty