LABORATORY MANUAL

ON

MICROPROCESSOR 8085

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING

SANT LONGOWAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY,

LONGOWAL- 148106, PUNJAB

PREFACE

This 8085 microprocessor lab manual is designed to provide a basic knowledge about
8085 microprocessor to the users and the students. Before reading this manual, the students
must be familiar with the basics of 8085 and should be capable of performing basic logical
programming on paper. The programs in the manual are in assembly language which in itself
requires rigorous mental exercise. To perform to the fullest, the students must attend this lab
course in parallel to the theory course.

The authors of this manual went through plenty of books and sources to gather a list
of programs and experiments that test the students programming capabilities while preparing
them to operate the 8085 kit without any hassle. The programs are preceded by some theory
that captures the gist of the topic. For best results, the authors recommend using ______
along with the 8085 kit provided in the lab.

It is of utmost importance that the contents of this manual are error free and the
authors have tried their best to make it so. If you come across any misprint or misinformation,
kindly inform your lab in-charge.
 Contents
EXPERIMENT 1.......................................................................................................................2
AIM....................................................................................................................................................2
ARCHITECTURE OF 8085 MICROPROCESSOR.....................................................................................2
PIN DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................................................4
SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................................6
EXPERIMENT 02.....................................................................................................................7
AIM....................................................................................................................................................7
PREREQUISITES..................................................................................................................................7
APPARATUS REQUIRED......................................................................................................................7
ALGORITHM.......................................................................................................................................7
FLOWCHART......................................................................................................................................8
SOURCE CODE...................................................................................................................................9
SAMPLE INPUT-OUTPUT..................................................................................................................10
QUESTIONS:.....................................................................................................................................10
EXPERIMENT 03...................................................................................................................11
AIM..................................................................................................................................................11
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................11
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................11
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................11
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................12
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................13
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT..................................................................................................................14
QUESTIONS:.....................................................................................................................................14
EXPERIMENT 04(a)...............................................................................................................15
AIM..................................................................................................................................................15
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................15
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................15
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................15
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................16
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................17
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT..................................................................................................................18
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................18
EXPERIMENT 04(b)...............................................................................................................19
AIM:.................................................................................................................................................19
PREREQUISITES:...............................................................................................................................19
APPARATUS REQUIRED:...................................................................................................................19
ALGORITHM:....................................................................................................................................19
FLOWCHART:...................................................................................................................................20
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................20
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT..................................................................................................................21
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................21
EXPERIMENT 05(a)...............................................................................................................22
AIM..................................................................................................................................................22
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................22
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................22
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................22
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................23
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................24
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT..........................................................................................................25
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................25
EXPERIMENT 05(b)...............................................................................................................26
AIM..................................................................................................................................................26
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................26
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................26
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................26
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................27
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................28
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT..................................................................................................................28
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................28
EXPERIMENT 06...................................................................................................................29
AIM..................................................................................................................................................29
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................29
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................29
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................29
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................30
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................31
 SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT..................................................................................................................32
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................32
EXPERIMENT 07...................................................................................................................33
AIM..................................................................................................................................................33
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................33
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................33
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................33
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................33
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................34
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT..................................................................................................................34
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................35
EXPERIMENT 08...................................................................................................................36
AIM..................................................................................................................................................36
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................36
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................36
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................36
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................37
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................38
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT..........................................................................................................39
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................39
EXPERIMENT 09...................................................................................................................40
AIM..................................................................................................................................................40
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................40
APPARATUS REQUIRED.....................................................................................................40
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................40
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................40
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................41
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT..........................................................................................................41
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................41
EXPERIMENT 10...................................................................................................................42
AIM..................................................................................................................................................42
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................42
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................42
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................42
 FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................43
SOUCE CODE....................................................................................................................................44
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT..........................................................................................................45
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................45
EXPERIMENT 11...................................................................................................................46
AIM..................................................................................................................................................46
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................46
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................46
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................46
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................47
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................48
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT..........................................................................................................49
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................49
EXPERIMENT 12...................................................................................................................50
AIM..................................................................................................................................................50
PREREQUISITES................................................................................................................................50
APPARATUS REQUIRED....................................................................................................................50
ALGORITHM.....................................................................................................................................50
FLOWCHART....................................................................................................................................51
SOURCE CODE.................................................................................................................................52
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT..........................................................................................................52
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................52
APPENDIX I............................................................................................................................53
 EXPERIMENT 1

AIMTo study the microprocessor 8085

ARCHITECTURE OF 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

a) General purpose registers

They are six 8 bit register i.e. B, C, D, E, H, L. The combination of 8 bit register is
known as register pair, which can hold 16 bit data. The HL pair is used to act as memory
pointer is accessible to program.

b) Accumulator

It is an 8 bit register which hold one of the data to be processed by ALU and store`d
the result of the operation.

c) Program Counter (PC)

It is a 16 bit pointer which holds the address of next instruction to be executed.

d) Stack pointer (Sp)

It is a 16 bit special purpose register which points to the top of stack.

e) Arithmetic and logical unit

It carries out arithmetic and logical operation by 8 bit address it uses the accumulator
content as input the ALU result is stored back into accumulator.

f) Temporary register

It is an 8 bit register associated with ALU hold data, entering an operation, used by
the microprocessor and not accessible to programs.

g) Flags

Flag register is a group of flip-flops which are set or reset after an operation according
to the data conditions of the result in the accumulator. The five flags are
i) Carry flag (C)
ii) Parity flag (P)
iii) Zero flag (Z)
iv) Auxiliary carry flag (AC)
v) Sign flag (S)
h) Timing and control unit

All microprocessor operation with the clock and generator and control signal from it
necessary to maintain a synchronous communication between controller and peripheral.
i) Instruction register and decoder

Instruction is fetched from line memory and stored in line instruction register decoder
the stored information.
j) Register Array

These are used to store 8 bit data during execution of some instruction.

Figure 1 Pin Diagram of 8085

PIN DESCRIPTION

Address Bus

1. The pins Ao – A15 denote the address bus.

2. They are used for most significant bit.

Address / Data Bus

1. AD0 – AD7 constitutes the address / Data bus

2. These pins are used for least significant bit

ALE (Address Latch Enable)

1. The signal goes high during the first clock cycle and enables the lower order address
bits.

IO / M
1. This distinguishes whether the address is for memory or input.
2. When this pin goes high, the address is for an I/O device.

S0 – S1

S0 and S1 are status signal which provides different status and functions.

RD
1. This is an active low signal
2. This signal is used to control READ operation of the microprocessor.

WR
1. WR is also an active low signal
2. Controls the write operation of the microprocessor.

HOLD
1. This indicates if any other device is requesting the use of address and data bus.

HLDA
1. HLDA is the acknowledgement signal for HOLD
2. It indicates whether the hold signal is received or not.
INTR
1. INTE is an interrupt request signal
2. IT can be enabled or disabled by using software

INTA
1. Whenever the microprocessor receives interrupt signal
2. It has to be acknowledged.

RST 5.5, 6.5, 7.5

1. These are nothing but the restart interrupts
2. They insert an internal restart junction automatically.

TRAP
1. Trap is the only non-maskable interrupt
2. It cannot be enabled (or) disabled using program.

RESET IN

1. This pin resets the program counter to 0 to 1 and results interrupt enable and HLDA
flip flops.

X1, X2

These are the terminals which are connected to external oscillator to produce the
necessary and suitable clock operation.

SID
This pin provides serial input data

SOD
This pin provides serial output data

VCC and VSS

1. VCC is +5V supply pin

2. VSS is ground pin
SPECIFICATIONS

1. Processors
Intel 8085 at E144 MHz clock

2. Memory
Monitor RAM: 0000– IFFF
EPROM Expansion: 2000– 3FFF’s
0000– FFF
System RAM: 4000– 5FFF
Monitor data area 4100– 5FFF
RAM Expansion 6000– BFFF

3. Input / Output
Parallel: A8 TTL input timer with 2 number of 32-55 only input timer available in -
85 EBI.

Serial: Only one number RS 232-C, Compatible, crucial interface using 8281A

4. Timer: 3 channel -16 bit programmable units, using 8253 channel ‘0’ used for no band
late. Clock generator. Channel ‘1’ is used for single stopping used program.

5. Display: 6 digit – 7 segment LED display with filter 4 digit for adder display and 2 digit
for data display.

6. Key board: 21 keys, soft keyboard including common keys and hexa decimal keys.

7. RES: Reset keys allow to terminate any present activity and retain to  - 85 its on initialize
state.

8. INT: Maskable interrupt connect to CPU’s RST 7.5 interrupt

9. DEC: Decrement the adder by 1

10. EXEC: Execute line particular value after selecting address through go command.

11. NEXT: Increment the address by 1 and then display its content.
 EXPERIMENT 02

AIMAddition of two 8 bit numbers.

PREREQUISITESFollowing points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number addition.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hexcodes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit

ALGORITHM

Step 1 Start the microprocessor

Step 2 Load 00 in register C
Step 3 Load the first 8 bit data into the accumulator
Step 4 Copy the contents of accumulator into register B
Step 5 Load the second 8 bit data into the accumulator.
Step 6 Add the 2 - 8 bit data and check for carry.
Step 7 Jump on if no carry
Step 8 Increment C if there is carry
Step 9 Store the added result in memory
Step 10 Move the C value to accumulator
Step 11 Store the accumulator value (Carry ) in memory
Step 12 Stop the program execution.
FLOWCHART
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics Hexcodes Comments

4100 MVI C,00H 0E,00 Clear the register C

4102 LDA 4300 3A,(00,43) Load the first 8 bit data from the memory address
4300H

4105 MOV B,A 47 Copy the value of 8 bit data into register B from
accumulator

4106 LDA 4301 3A (01,43) Load the second 8 bit data from the memory address
4300H

4109 ADD B 80 Add contents of A and B

410A JNC LOOP D2,0E,41 Jump if no carry

410D INR C 0C If carry is there then increment C by 1

410E LOOP STA 4302 32 (02,43) Store the added value at the address 4302H

4111 MOV A,C 79 Copy the value of carry to the accumulator from
register C

4112 STA 4303 32 (03,43) Store the value of carry at the address 4303 from
accumulator

4115 HLT 76 Stop the execution of program

SAMPLE INPUT-OUTPUT

a. Without carry
Input Address Value
4300 08
4301 03

Output Address Value

4302 0B
4303 00 (carry)

b. With carry

Input Address Value

4300 4F

4301 FF

Output Address Value

4302 4E

4303 01 (carry)

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the function of LDA?

2. What is the function of STA?
3. What is the function of JNC?
4. Find the contents of Accumulator after the execution of the program:

MVI A, 45H

MVI B, 25H

ADD B

HLT
 EXPERIMENT 03

AIM Subtraction of two 8 bit numbers.

PREREQUISITESFollowing points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number subtraction.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about 1’s compliment and 2’s compliment

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

Step 1 Start the microprocessor

Step 2 Clear register C
Step 3 Load the first 8 bit data into the accumulator
Step 4 Copy the contents of contents into the register ‘B’
Step 5 Load the second 8 bit data into the accumulator.
Step 6 Subtract the 2 8 bit data and check for borrow.
Step 7 Jump on if no borrow
Step 8 Increment borrow if there is
Step 9 2’s compliment of accumulator is found out
Step 10 Store the result in the memory
Step 11 More the borrow value from ‘c’ to accumulator
Step 12 Store the borrow value in the memory
Step 13 Stop program execution
FLOWCHART

Start

Clear the register C

Load the first 8-bit data

Load the first 8-bit data

to register B

Load the 2nd 8-bit data

Subtract the values

No
Check if
borrow?

Yes
C=C+1

2’s complement of accumulator

value

Store the result in the memory

Store the register C content

(borrow) in memory

End

18
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonic Hex codes Comments

s

4100 MVI C,00H 0E,00 Clear the register C

4102 LDA 4300 3A,(00,43) Load the first 8 bit data from the memory address
4300H

4105 MOV B,A 47 Copy the value of 8 bit data into register B from
accumulator

4106 LDA 4301 3A (01,43) Load the second 8 bit data from the memory address
4300H

4109 SUB B 90 Subtract contents of B fromA

410A JNC LOOP D2,0E,41 Jump if no borrow

410D INR C 0C If carry is there then increment C by 1

410E CMA 2F 1’s complement of accumulator data

410F ADI 01H C6,01 Add 1 to accumulator data

410E LOOP STA 4302 32 (02,43) Store the added value at the address 4302H

4111 MOV A,C 79 Copy the value of borrow to the accumulator from
register C

4112 STA 4303 32 (03,43) Store the value of borrow at the address 4303 from
accumulator

4115 HLT 76 Stop the execution of program

19
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT

a. Without borrow
Input Address Value
4300 08
4301 03

Output Address Value

4302 05
4303 00 (borrow)

b. With borrow

Input Address Value

4300 4F

4301 FF

Output Address Value

4302 B0

4303 01 (borrow)

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the function of SUB?

2. What is the function of LDA?
3. What is the function of CMA?
4. What is the function of ADI?
5. Find the 2’s complement of 24H.
6. Write a program to find 2’s complement of a number stored at the address
2400H.

20
 EXPERIMENT 04(A)

AIM Multiplication of two 8 bit numbers using repeated addition method.

PREREQUISITES Following points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number multiplication.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about increment and decrement instruction.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

Step 1 Start the microprocessor

st
Step 2 Get the 1 8 bit numbers
st
Step 3 Move the 1 8it number to register ‘B’
nd
Step 4 Get the 2 8 bit number
nd
Step 5 Move the 2 8 bit number to register ‘C’ (Counter)
Step 6 Initialize the accumulator as zero
Step 7 Initialize the carry as zero
Step 8 Add both register ‘B’ value as accumulator
Step 9 Jump on if no carry
Step 10 Increment carry by 1 if there is
Step 11 Decrement the 2nd value and repeat from step 8 till the 2nd value becomes zero
Step 12 Store the multiplied value in memory
Step 13 Move the carry value to accumulator
Step 14 Store the carry value in memory
Step 15 Stop execution of program

21
FLOWCHART

22
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics Hexcodes Comments

4100 LDA 4500H 3A,00,45 Load the first 8 bit number

4103 MOV B,A 47 Move the 1st bit data to register B

4104 LDA 4501 3A 01,45 Load the 2nd number bit data

4107 MOV C,A 4F Move the 2nd bit data to register C (Counter)

4108 MVI A,00H 3E, 00H Initialize the accumulator as zero

410A MVI D, 00H 16, 00H Initialize the carry as Zero

410C LOOP ADD B 80 Add the contents of register B with

accumulator

410D JNC NEXT D2 11,41 Jump if no carry

4110 INR D 14 Increment carry if there is

4111 NEXT DCR C 0D Decrement the Counter

4112 JNZ LOOP C2 0C,41 Jump until counter is not zero

4115 STA 4502H 32 (02,45) Store the result at the address 4502H

4118 MOV A,D 7A Move carry to accumulator

4119 STA 4503 32 (03,45) Store the value of carry at the address 4503
from accumulator

411C HLT 76 Stop execution of program

23
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT

Input Address Value

4500 04
4501 03

Output Address Value

4502 0C
4503 00 (carry)

QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of counter?

2. What is conditional jump?
3. What is the function of JNZ?
4. Which flag is checked on execution of JNZ instruction?
5. State the function of INR and DCR.
6. Find the multiplication of 45H and 20H.

24
 EXPERIMENT 04(B)

AIM: Multiplication of a 8 bit number by 2 using rotation method.

PREREQUISITES: Following points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number multiplication.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about rotation instruction.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM:

Step1 : Start the microprocessor

Step2 : Load the data of location 200A in the accumulator
Step3 : Set the carry flag to zero
Step4 : Rotate accumulator to left through carry
Step5 : Store the contents of accumulator into 200B

25
FLOWCHART:

SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics Hexcodes Comments

4000 LDA 200AH 3A 0A 20 Load 8-bit the number in accumulator

4003 STC 37 Set the carry flag to 1

4104 CMC 3F Complement the carry flag

4105 RAL 17 Rotate accumulator to left through carry

(Multiply by 2)

4106 STA 200B 32 0B 20 Store the result in 200B

4109 HLT 76 Stop the execution of program

SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT

Input Address Contents

26
 200A 04

Output Address Contents

200B 08

QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of STC?

2. What is function of CMC?
3. What is the function of RAL?
4. Find the multiplication of 20H by 4.

27
 EXPERIMENT 05(A)

AIMDivision of two 8 bit numbers.

PREREQUISITES Following points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number division.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about increment and decrement instruction.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Start the program by loading the HL pair registers with address of memory location.
2. Move the data to register B.
3. Load the 2nd data into accumulator.
4. Compare the two numbers to check the carry
5. Subtract the two numbers.
6. Increment the value of carry.
7. Check whether repeated subtraction is over.
8. Store the results in given memory location
9. Terminate the program.

28
FLOWCHART

29
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics Hexcodes Comments

4000 LXI H,2050 21,50,20 Load HL pair immediate from 2050H

4003 MOV B,M 46 Copy data from Memory to B

4004 MVI C,00 0E 00 Clear the register C (Quotient)

4006 INX H 23 Increment HL pair

4007 MOV A,M 7E Copy data from memory to accumulator

4008 LOOP CMP B B8 Compare content of B with accumulator

4009 JC NEXT DA Jump if carry (flag)

400C SUB B 90 A = A-B

400D INR C 0C C= C+1

400E JMP LOOP C3 Jump to Loop

4011 NEXT STA 3050 32 50 30 Store the remainder in address 3050H

4014 MOV A,C 79 Copy carry from C to A

4015 STA 3051 32 51 30 Store the Quotient in address 3051H

4018 HLT 76 Terminate the program

30
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT
Input Address Contents
2050 FF
2051 FE
Input Address Contents
3050 01
3051 01

QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of JMP?

2. What is function of LXI?
3. What is the function of SUB?
4. What is the function of INX?

31
 EXPERIMENT 05(B)

AIM Division of 8 bit number by 2 using rotation method.

PREREQUISITES Following points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number multiplication.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about rotation instruction.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

Step1 : Start the microprocessor

Step2 : Load the data of location 200A in the accumulator
Step3 : Set the carry flag to zero
Step4 : Rotate accumulator to right through carry
Step5 : Store the contents of accumulator into 200B

32
FLOWCHART

33
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics Hexcodes Comments

4000 LDA 200AH 3A 0A 20 Load 8-bit the number in accumulator

4003 STC 37 Set the carry flag to 1

4004 CMC 3F Complement the carry flag

4005 RAR 1F Rotate accumulator to right through carry

(Multiply by 2)

4006 STA 200B 32 0B 20 Store the result in 200B

4009 HLT 76 Stop the execution of program

SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT

Input Address Contents
200A 08

Output Address Contents

200B 04

QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of STC?

2. What is function of CMC?
3. What is the function of RAR?
4. Find the division of 20H by 2.

34
 EXPERIMENT 06

AIMProgram to add two 8-bit BCD numbers.

PREREQUISITESFollowing points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number multiplication.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about rotation instruction.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Get the 1st BCD number.

2. Get the 2nd BCD number.
3. Add two BCD numbers
4. Adjust result to valid BCD number.
5. Check for carry. If carry then store in memory.
6. Store the result.
7. Stop

35
FLOWCHART

Start

Get the 1st data into a register (B)

from memory

Get the 2nd data into accumulator

A=A+B

Adjust result to valid BCD

number

NO
Is carry
set?

YES

Store the carry

Store the result

End

36
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics Hexcodes Comments

4000 MVI C,00H 0E, 00 Clear the register C (Carry)

4002 LDA 2050H 3A 50 20 Load data from address 2050H into

accumulator

4005 MOV B,A 47 Move data from A to B

4006 LDA 2051 3A 51 20 Load data from address 2051H into

accumulator

4009 ADD B 80 Add content of B with A

400A LOOP DAA 27 Add 06 if sum > 9 or AC = 1

400B JNC NEXT D2 Jump if not carry (flag)

400E INR C 0C C=C+1

400F STA 2052H 32 52 20 Store content of accumulator at address 2052H

4012 MOV A,C 79 Move content from carry register to

accumulator

4013 NEXT STA 2053H 32 5320 Store content of accumulator into memory

4016 HLT 76 Terminate the program

37
SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT
Input Address Contents
2050 42
2051 28

Output Address Contents

2052 70

QUESTIONS

1. What is BCD number?

2. What is function of DAA?
3. Find the BCD addition of 28H and 82H.

38
 EXPERIMENT 07

AIMAddition of two 16-bit numbers.

PREREQUISITES Following points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number multiplication.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about rotation instruction.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Load the first number in HL.

2. Move the content of HL to DE.
3. Load the second number in HL.
4. Add the two numbers.
5. Store the result.
6. Stop

FLOWCHART
Start

Get the 1st number in HL.

Move the content of HL to DE

Load the 2nd number in HL

Add the two numbers using DAD

Store the result

End
39
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics/ Hexcodes Comments

Operand

4000 LHLD 2000 2A 00 20 Load first 16 bit from 2000H and 2001H to HL
register pair

4003 XCHG EB Exchange the contents of HL and DE register

pair.

4004 LHLD 2002 2A 02 20 Load first 16 bit from 2002H and 2003H to HL
register pair

4007 DAD D 19 Add contents of HL and DE.

4008 SHLD 2004 22 04 20 Store the result in 2004H and 2005H

400B HLT 76 Terminate the program

SAMPLE INPUT OUTPUT

Input Address Contents
2000 42
2001 28
2002 22
2003 42

Output Address Contents

2004 64
2005 6A

40
QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of LHLD?

2. What is the function of XCHG?
3. What is the function of SHLD?
4. What is the function of DAD D?
5. Find the addition of CAA7H and 6BB9H.
6. Write a program to find subtraction of two 16-bit numbers.

41
 EXPERIMENT 08

AIMProgram to find the largest number in array of data.

PREREQUISITESFollowing points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number multiplication.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.
6. Students must know about rotation instruction.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Take the first element of array in A.

2. Compare it with other elements of array.
3. If A is smaller, then store that element in A otherwise compare with next element.
4. The value of A is the largest number.
5. Stop

42
FLOWCHART Start

C = Block Size

B = Load the first number

HL = get the address of next number

C=C-1

HL = HL + 1

A = item of address pointed by

HL

A>B No

Yes

B =A

C=C-1

No
Z
C == 0?
0?

Yes
Store the maximum from B into memory

End

43
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics Hexcodes Comments

4000 LXI H 8000H 0E, 00 Point to get array size

4003 MOV C,M 3A 50 20 Get the size of array

4004 INX H 47 Point to actual array

4005 MOV B,M 3A 51 20 Load the first number into B

4006 DCR C 80 C=C-1

4007 LOOP INX H 27 Point to next location

4008 MOV A,M D2 Get the next number from memory to

accumulator

4009 CMP B 0C Compare A with B

400A JC SKIP 32 52 20 If A < B then skip

400D MOV B,A 79 If CY = 0 then update B

400E SKIP DCR C 32 53 20 C=C-1

400F JNZ LOOP 76 Count is not zero then go to LOOP

4012 LXI H, 9000H Point to destination address

4015 MOV M,B Store the largest number

4016 HLT Terminate the program

44
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input:

Address Data
8000 06
8001 44
8002 22
8003 4F
8004 1F
8005 20
8006 32
Output:

Address Data
9000 4F

QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of JC?

2. Write a program to find smallest number in given array.

Address Data
3000 6
3001 23
3002 12
3003 5F
3004 10
3005 1A
3006 20

45
 EXPERIMENT 09

AIMProgram to check whether a given number is even or odd.

PREREQUISITESFollowing points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of binary number AND operation.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Load the number in accumulator from the address.

2. Perform AND operation with the accumulator content and 01.
3. If the content of A is 00H then the number is even otherwise it is odd.
4. Stop.

FLOWCHART
Start

Load the number in accumulator from memory

A = (A)AND(01)

A =0?

Yes No

EVEN ODD

End 46
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics/ Hexcodes Comments

Operand

4000 LDA 2050 3A 50 20 Load 8 bit number from 2050H to accumulator.

4003 ANI 01H E6 01 Logical AND operation of accumulator with

01H.

4005 JZ NEXT CA 0D 40 If ZF=1 then jump to NEXT

4008 MVI A, 11 3E 11 Move 11H in accumulator for odd number

400A JMP SKIP C3 0F 40 Jump to SKIP

400D NEXT MVI A, 22 3E 22 Move 22H in accumulator for even number

400F SKIP STA 2051 32 51 20 Store the result in address 2051H

4012 HLT 76 Terminate the program

SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input:

Address Data
2050 0A
Output:

Address Data
2051 22

QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of JZ and JMP?

2. What is the function of ANI?
3. Find the even numbers in 10 memory locations starting from the address
2320H and store in memory locations starting from 1060H.

47
 EXPERIMENT 10

AIMProgram to countnumbers of 1’s in the given 8-bit number.

PREREQUISITESFollowing points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of RAR and RAL.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the conditional jumps.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Get the number in accumulator.

2. Set the counter C to 08H.
3. Set count D = 00H.
4. Rotate left or right it through carry.
5. C=C-1
6. If CY = 1, D = D + 1
7. If counter is not zero then go to step 4.
8. Store the numbers of counts in memory.
9. Stop.

48
FLOWCHART

Start

Count (D) = 00H

Counter (C) = 08H

Load 8-bit number in accumulator

RAR

Is CY = No
1?

Yes
D=D+1

C=C-1

No Is
counter
zero ?

Yes
Store the count in memory

End

49
SOUCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics/ Hexcodes Comments

Operand

4000 MVI B,00H 06 00 Load 00H in B (Count)

4002 MVI C,08H 0E 08 Load 08H in C (Counter)

4004 LDA 3000 3A 00 30 Load contents of 3000H in accumulator

4007 LOOP RAR 1F Rotate accumulator right with carry

4008 JNC SKIP D2 0C 40 Jump to SKIP if CY = 0

400B INR B 04 B=B+1

400C SKIP DCR C 0D C=C-1

400D JNZ LOOP C2 07 40 If counter = 0, then jump to LOOP

4010 MOV A,B 78 Move content of B (count) to accumulator

4011 STA 3001H 32 01 30 Store value of count at address 3001H

4014 HLT 76 Terminate the program

50
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input:

Address Data
3000 0A
Output:

Address Data
3001 02

QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of JNC and JC?

2. What is the difference between RAR and RRC?
3. Write a program to count number zeros in given 8-bit data.
4. Write a program to count number of 1’s and 0’s after addition of two 8-bit
data stored at the address 4000H and 40001H.

51
 EXPERIMENT 11

AIMProgram to pack two unpacked BCD numbers stored in memory locations 2000H and
2001H and store result in memory location 2300H. Assume the least significant digit is stored
at 2000H.

PREREQUISITESFollowing points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge of RLC and RRC.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about logical operations.
6. Student must know about BCD numbers.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Load the number for MSB of BCD digit.

2. Rotate 4 times to the left without carry and make LSB part of it zero.
3. Load the number for LSB of BCD digit.
4. Add it to the rotated number.
5. Store the result.
6. Stop.
1.

52
FLOWCHART

Start

Load the number for MSB BCD

digit

Rotate 4 times to the left without

carry and make LSB zero

Add the number for LSB BCD

digit to rotated number

Store the result

Stop

53
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics/ Hexcodes Comments

Operand

4000 LDA 2001H 3A 00 20 Load the MSB BCD digit.

4003 RLC 07 Rotate to the left without carry

4004 RLC 07 Rotate to the left without carry

4005 RLC 07 Rotate to the left without carry

4006 RLC 07 Rotate to the left without carry

4007 ANI F0H E6 F0 Make least significant BCD digit zero

4009 MOV C,A 4F store the partial result

400A LDA 2000H 3A 01 20 Get the lower BCD digit

400D ADD C 81 Add lower BCD digit

400E STA 2300H 32 00 23 Store the result

4011 HLT 76 Terminate the program

54
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input:

Address Data
2000 04
2001 05
Output:

Address Data
2300 54

QUESTIONS

1. What is BCD number?

2. What is packed and unpacked BCD numbers?
3. Write a program to unpack a packed BCD number.
4. Find the data stored at the address 4000H and 4001H after the execution of
the program.
MVI B,45H
MOV A,B
ADI 0FH
STA 4000H
MOV A,B
ADI F0H
RRC
RRC
STA 4001H
HLT

55
 EXPERIMENT 12

AIMProgram to convert binary to gray code.

PREREQUISITES Following points should be noted before performing this experiment

1. Students must have knowledge how to set and reset the carry.
2. Students must know about the microprocessor registers and arithmetic operations.
3. Students must know about the opcodes and their hex codes.
4. Students must have knowledge regarding data movement.
5. Students must know about the logical operation.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit.

ALGORITHM

1. Set the Carry Flag (CY) to 0.

2. Load the data from address 2050 in A.
3. Move the data of A(accumulator) into register B.
4. Rotate the bits of A to right.
5. XOR the contents of register A and B.
6. Store the result at memory address 3050.
7. Stop

56
FLOWCHART

Start

Reset the carry

Load the data in accumulator

from memory

Move the data of A(accumulator)

into register B.

Rotate the bits of A to right.

XOR the contents of A and B

Store the result

End

57
SOURCE CODE

Address Label Mnemonics/ Hexcodes Comments

Operand

4000 STC 37 Set the carry flag

4001 CMC 3F Compliment the carry

4002 LDA 2050H 3A 50 20 Load accumulator from address 2050H

4005 MOV B,A 47 Copy contents of accumulator to B

4006 RAR 1F Rotate to the right with carry

4007 XRA B A8 A=A ⊕ B

4008 STA 3050H 32 5030 Store the result at address 3050H

400B HLT 76 Terminate the program

SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input:

Address Data
2050 74
Output:

Address Data
3050 4E

QUESTIONS

1. What is gray code?

2. What is gray code of (0101 1111)2?

58
APPENDIX I
Opcode sheet for 8085 Microprocessor with description

Mnemonic Opcode Description

ACI DATA CE Add with carry immediate
ADC REG 8F Add with carry
ADC M 8E Add with carry to memory
ADD REG 87 Add Register to accumlator
ADD M 86 Add to memory
ADI DATA C6 Add Immediate
ANA REG A7 AND Accumulator
ANA M A6 AND Accumulator and memory
ANI DATA E6 AND Immediate
CALL ADDR CD Call unconditional
CC ADDR DC Call on carry
CM ADDR FC Call on minus
CMA 2F Complement Accumulator
CMC 3F Complement carry
CMP REG BF Compare accumulator with register
CMP M BF Compare with memory
CNC ADDR D4 Call on no carry
CNZ ADDR C4 Call on no zero
CP ADDR F4 Call on plus
CPE ADDR EC Call on parity even
CPI DATA FE Compare immediate
CPO ADDR E4 Call on parity odd
CZ ADDR CC Call on zero
DAA 27 Decimal Adjust Accumulator
DAD B 09 Double Add BC to HL
DAD D 19 Double Add DE to HL
DAD H 29 Double Add HL to HL
DAD SP 39 Double Add SP to HL
DCR REG 3D Decrement register
DCR M 35 Decrement memory
DCX B 0B Decrement BC
DCX D 1B Decrement DE
DCX H 2B Decrement HL

59
INR REG 3C Increment register
INR M 3C Increment memory
INX B 03 Increment BC
INX D 13 Increment DE
INX H 23 Increment HL
INX SP 33 Increment Stack Point
JMP ADDR C3 Jump unconditional
JC ADDR DA Jump on carry
JM ADDR FA Jump on Minus
JNC ADDR D2 Jump on No carry
JNZ ADDR C2 Jump on non zero
JP ADDR F2 Jump on plus
JPE ADDR EA Jump on parity even
JPO ADDR E2 Jump on parity odd
JZ ADDR CA Jump on zero
LDA ADDR 3A Load Accumulator direct
LDAX B 0A Load Accumulator indirect
LDAX D 1A Load Accumulator indirect
LHLD ADDR 2A Load HL direct
LXI B, 16 bit 01 Load immediate BC
LXI D, 16 bit 11 Load immediate DE
LXI H, 16 bit 21 Load immediate HL
LXI SP, 16 bit 31 Load immediate Stack pointer
MOV R1,R2 7F Move register to register
MOV M,R 77 Move register to memory
MOV R,M 7E Move memory to register
MVI R, 3E Move immediate
MVI M,DATA 36 Move immediate to memory
NOP 00 No operation
ORA REG B7 Inclusive OR Accumulator
ORA M B6 Inclusive OR Accumulator
ORI DATA F6 Inclusive OR Immediate
OUT PORT D3 Output
PCHL E9 Jump HL indirect
POP B C1 Pop BC
POP D D1 Pop DE
POP H E1 Pop HL
POP PSW F1 Pop program status word

60
PUSH B C5 Push BC
PUSH D D5 Push DE
PUSH H E5 Push HL
PUSH PSW F5 Push program status word
RAL 17 Rotate accumulator left through carry
RAR 1F Rotate accumulator right through carry
RET C9 Return
RC D8 Return on carry
RIM 20 Read interrupt mask
RM F8 Return on minus
RNC D0 Return on No Carry
RNZ C0 Return on non zero
RP F0 Return on plus
RPE E8 Return on parity even
RPO E0 Return on parity odd
RZ C8 Return on zero
RLC 07 Rotate accumulator left
RRC 0F Rotate accumulator right
RST C7 Restart
SBB REG 9F Subtract with borrow
SBB M 9E Subtract with borrow
SBI DATA DE Subtract with borrow immediate
SHLD ADDR 22 Store HL pair direct
SIM 30 Set Interrupt mask
SPHL F9 Move HL to SP
STA ADDR 32 Store accumulator
STAX B 02 Store accumulator indirect in memory
address BC
STAX D 12 Store accumulator indirect in memory
address DE
STC 37 Set carry
SUB REG 97 Subtract register from accumulator
SUB M 96 Subtract memory from accumulator
SUI DATA D6 Subtract immediate data
XCHG EB Exchange HL with DE
XRA REG AF Exclusive OR register with accumulator
XRA M AE Exclusive OR memory with accumulator
XRI DATA EE Exclusive OR immediate data
XTHL E3 Exchange stack top with HL pair

61
62