Question 11. 1. The triple points of neon and carbon dioxide are 24.57 K and 216.

55 K
respectively. Express these temperatures on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
Answer: The relation between kelvin scale and Celsius scale is TK – 273.15 =TC =>
TC=TK– 273.15

Question 11. 2. Two absolute scales A and B have triple points of water defined
to be 200 A and 350 B. What is the relation between TA and TB ?
Answer: As we know, triple point of water on absolute scale = 273.16 K,
Size of one degree of kelvin scale on absolute scale A
Question 11. 3. The-electrical resistance in ohms of a certain thermometer varies with
temperature according to the approximate law: R = R0 [1 + α (T – T0)].
The resistances is 101.6 Ωat the triple-point of water 273.16 K, and 165.5 Ωat the normal
melting point of lead (600.5 K). What is the temperature when the resistance is 123.4 Ω ?
Answer: Here, R0 = 101.6 Ω; T0 = 273.16 K Case (i) R1= 165.5 Ω; T1 = 600.5 K, Case (ii) R2 = 123.4 ,
T2 = ?
Using the relation R = R0[1 + α (T – T0)]
Case (i) 165.5 = 101.6 [1 + α (600.5 – 273.16)]

Question 11. 5. Two ideal gas thermometers A and B use oxygen and hydrogen respectively.
The following observations are made:

(a) What is the absolute temperature of normal melting point of sulphur as read by
thermometers A and B ?
(b) What do you think is the reason behind the slight difference in answers of thermometers A
and B ? (The thermometers are not faulty). What further procedure is needed in the
experiment to reduce the discrepancy between the two readings ?
Answer:

(b) The value of the melting point of sulphur found from the two thermometers differ slightly due to the
reason that in practice, the gases do not behave strictly as perfect gases i.e., gases are not perfectly
ideal.
Question 11. 6. A steel tape 1 m long is correctly calibrated for a temperature of 27.0 °C. The
length of a steel rod measured by this tape is found to be 63.0 cm on a hot day when the
temperature is 45.0 °C. What is the actual length of the steel rod on that day ? What is the
length of the same steel rod on a day when the temperature is 27.0 °C ? Coefficient of linear
expansion of steel = 1.20 x 10-1K-1.
Answer: On a day when the temperature is 27 °C, the length of 1 cm division on the steel tape is
exactly 1 cm, because the tape has been calibrated for 27 °C.When the temperature rises to 45 °C
(that is, ΔT = 45 – 27 = 18 °C), the increase in the length of 1 cm division is Δl = αlΔT = (1.2 x 10-5C-1)
x 1 cm x 18 °C = 0.000216 cm Therefore, the length of 1 cm division on the tape becomes 1.000216
cm at 45 °C. As the length of the steel rod is read to be 63.0 cm on the steel tape at 45 °C, the actual
length of the rod at 45 °C is 63.0 x 1.000216 cm = 63.0136 cm The length of the same rod at 27 °C is
63.0 cm, because 1 cm mark on the steel tape is exactly 1 cm at 27 °C.

Question 11. 7. A large steel wheel is to befitted on to a shaft of the same material. At 27 °C,
the outer diameter of the shaft is 8.70 cm and the diameter of the central hole in the wheel is,
8.69 cm. The shaft is cooled using ‘dry ice’. At what temperature of the shaft does the wheel
slip on the shaft ? Assume coefficient of linear expansion of the steel to be constant over the
required temperature range αsteel= 1-20 x 10-5K-1.
Answer:

Question 11. 8. A hole is drilled in a copper sheet. The diameter of the hole is 4.24 cm at 27.0
°C. What is the change in the diameter of the hole when the sheet is heated to 227 °C ?
Coefficient of linear expansion of copper = 1.70 x 10-5K-1.
Answer:
Question 11. 9. A brass wire 1.8 m long at 27 °C is held taut with little tension between two
rigid supports. If the wire is cooled to a temperature of – 39 °C, what is the tension developed
in the wire, if its diameter is 2.0 mm ? Co-efficient of linear expansion of brass = 2.0 x 10-5K-1;
Young’s modulus of brass = 0.91 x 1011 Pa
Ans.

Question 11. 10. A brass rod of length 50 cm and diameter 3.0 mm is joined to a steel rod of
the same length and diameter. What is the change in length of the combined rod at 250 °C, if
the original lengths are at 40.0 °C ? Is there a ‘thermal stress’ developed at the junction ? The
ends of the rod are free to expand (Co-efficient of linear expansion of brass = 2.0 x 10-5 °C-1,
steel = 1.2 x 10-5 °C-3.
Question 11. 11. The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerine is 49 x 10-5K-1. What is the
fractional change in its density for a 30 °C rise in temperature ?
Ans.

Question 11. 12. A 10 kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore in a small aluminium block of
mass 8.0 kg. How much is the rise in temperature of the block in 2.5 minutes, assuming 50%
of power is used up in heating the machine itself or lost to the surroundings? Specific heat of
aluminium = 0.91 J g-1 K-1 .
Answer: Power = 10 kW = 104 W
Mass, m=8.0 kg = 8 x 103 g
Question 11. 13. A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a furnace to a temperature of
500°C and then placed on a large ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can melt?
Specific heat of copper is 0.39 Jg-1°C-1. Heat of fusion of water = 335 Jg-1.
Answer:

Question 11. 14. In an experiment on the specific heat of a metal, a 0.20 kg block of the metal
at 150°C is dropped in a copper calorimeter (of water equivalent 0.025 kg) containing 150
cm3 of water at 27 °C. The final temperature is 40° C. Compute the specific heat of the metal. If
heat losses to the surroundings are not negligible, is your answer greater or smaller than the
actual value for specific heat of the metal?
Answer: Mass of metal block, m = 0.20 kg = 200 g
Fall in the temperature of metal block,
ΔT = (150 – 40) °C = 110 °C
If C be the specific heat of metal, then heat lost by the metal block = 200 x C x 110 cal Volume of
water = 150 cm3
mass of water = 150 g
Increase in temperature of water = (40 – 27) °C = 13°C
Heat gained by water = 150 x 13 cal Water equivalent of calorimeter, w = 0.025 kg = 25g
Heat gained by calorimeter,
Question 11. 15. Given below are observations on molar specific heats at room temperature of
some common gases.

The measured molar specific heats of these gases are markedly different from those for mono
atomic gases. Typically, molar specific heat of a mono atomic gas is 2.92 cal/mol K. Explain
this difference. What can you infer from the somewhat larger (than the rest) value for
chlorine ?
Answer: The gases which are listed in the above table are diatomic gases and not mono atomic
gases. For diatomic gases, molar specific heat =5/2 R = 5/2 x 1.98 = 4.95, which agrees fairly well
with all observations listed in the table except for chlorine. A mono atomic gas molecule has only the
translational motion. A diatomic gas molecule, apart from translational motion, the vibrational as well
as rotational motion is also possible. Therefore, to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a diatomic gas
through 1°C, heat is to be supplied to increase not only translational energy but also rotational and
vibrational energies. Hence, molar specific heat of a diatomic gas is greater than that for mono atomic
gas. The higher value of molar specific heat of chlorine as compared to hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
etc. shows that for chlorine molecule, at room temperature vibrational motion also occurs along with
translational and rotational motions, whereas other diatomic molecules at room temperature usually
have rotational motion apart from their translational motion. This is the reason that chlorine has
somewhat larger value of molar specific heat.

Question 11. 18. A child running a temperature of 101°F is given an antipyrin (i.e., a medicine
that lowers fever) which causes an increase in the rate of evaporation of sweat from his body.
If the fever is brought down to 98° F in 20 minutes, what is the average rate of extra
evaporation caused by the drug ? Assume the evaporation mechanism to be the only way by
which heat is lost. The mass of the child is 30 kg. The specific heat of human body is
approximately the same as that of water, and latent heat of evaporation of water at that
temperature is about 580 cal g-1.
Answer:
Question 11. 19. A ‘thermacole’ icebox is a cheap and efficient method for storing small quantities of
cooked food in summer in particular. A cubical icebox of side 30 cm has a thickness of 5.0 cm. If 4.0 kg
of ice is put in the box, estimate the amount of ice remaining after 6 h. The outside temperature is 45°C,
and coefficient of thermal conductivity of thermacole is 0.01 Js-1 m-1 °C-1 [Heat of fusion of water = 335 x
103 J kg-1 ].
Answer: Each side of the cubical box (having 6 faces) is 30 cm = 0.30 m. Therefore, the total
surface area’ of the icebox exposed to outside air is A = 6 x (0.30 m)2 = 0.54 m2. The thickness of the
icebox is d = 5.0 cm = 0.05 m, time of exposure t = 6h = 6 x 3600 s and temperature difference T 1 –
T2 = 45°C – 0°C = 45°C.

Question 11. 20. A brass boiler has a base area 0.15 m2 and thickness 1.0 cm. It boils water at the rate of 6.0 kg/
min when placed on a gas stove. Estimate the temperature of the part of the flame in contact with the boiler.
Thermal conductivity of brass = 109 Js-1 m-1 K-1.(Heat of vaporization of water = 2

25
6 x 10 J kg )
3 -1
Question 11. 22. A body cools from 80 °C to 50°C in 5 minutes. Calculate the time it takes to
cool from 60 °C to 30°C. The temperature of the surroundings is 20 °C.
Answer: