Advanced Placement Chemistry

1999 Multiple Choice Questions

Notes

Note: For all questions involving solutions and/or

chemical equations, assume that the system is in pure
water at room temperature unless otherwise noted.
Go to the answers

Questions 1-4 refer to the following types of energy.

(A) Activation energy

(B) Free energy
(C) Ionization energy
(D) Kinetic energy
(E) Lattice energy

1. The energy required to convert a ground-state atom in

the gas phase to a gaseous positive ion

2. The energy change that occurs in the conversion of an

ionic solid to widely separated gaseous ions

3. The energy in a chemical or physical change that is

available to do useful work

4. The energy required to form the transition state in a

chemical reaction

Question 5-8 refer to atoms for which the occupied atomic

orbitals shown below.

5. Represents an atom that is chemically unreactive

6. Represents an atom in an excited state

7. Represents an atom that has four valence electrons.

8. Represents an atom of a transition metal.

Question 9-12 refer to aqueous solutions containing 1:1

mole ratios of the following pairs of substances. Assume all
concentrations are 1 M.

(A) NH3 and NH4Cl

(B) H3PO 4 and NaH 2PO 4
(C) HCl and NaCl
(D) NaOH and NH3
(E) NH3 and HC2H3O 2 (acetic acid)

9. The solution with the lowest pH

10. The most nearly neutral solution

11. A buffer at a pH > 8

12. A buffer at a pH < 6

Questions 13-16 refer to the following descriptions of

bonding in different types of solids.

(A) Lattice of positive and negative ions held

together by electrostatic forces.
(B) Closely packed lattice with delocalized
electrons throughout
(C) Strong single covalent bonds with weak
intermolecular forces.
(D) Strong multiple covalent bonds (including
bonds.) with weak intermolecular forces
(E) Macromolecules held tgether with strong
polar bonds.

13. Cesium chloride, CsCl (s)

14. Gold, Au(s)

15. Carbon dioxide, CO 2(s)

16. Methane, CH4(s)

Question 17-18 refer to the following elements.

 (A) Lithium
(B) Nickel
(C) Bromine
(D) Uranium
(E) Fluorine

17. Is a gas in its standard state at 298 K

18. Reacts with water to form a strong base

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements

below is by five suggested answers or completions. Select
the one that is best in each case and then fill in the
corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

19. Which of the following best describes the role of the

spark from the spark plug in an automobile engine?

(A) The spark decreases the energy of

activation for the slow step.
(B) The spark increases the concentration of
the volatile reactant.
(C) The spark supplies some of the energy of
activation for the combustion reaction.
(D) The spark provides a more favorable
activated complex for the combustion reaction.
(E) The spark provides the heat of vaporization
for the volatile hydrocarbon.

20. What mass of Au is produced when 0.0500 mol of

Au 2S 3 is reduced completely with excess H2?

(A) 9.85 g
(B) 19.7 g
(C) 24.5 g
(D) 39.4 g
(E) 48.9 g

21. When a solution of sodium chloride is vaporized in a

flame, the color of the flame is

(A) blue
(B) yellow
(C) green
(D) violet
 (E) White

22. Of the following reaction, which involves the largest

decrease in entropy?

(A) CaCO 3(s) ---> CaO(s) + CO 2(g)

(B) 2 CO(g) + O 2(g) ---> 2 CO 2
(C) Pb(NO 3) 3 + 2 KI ---> PbI 2 + 2 KNO 3
(D) C 3H8 + O 2 ---> 3 CO 2 + 4 H2O
(E) 4 La + 3 O 2 ---> 2 La2O 3

23. A hot-air
balloon, shown
right, rises. Which
of the following is
the best
explanation for
this observation?

(A) The
pressure on
the walls of
the balloon
increases
with
increasing

tempearature.
(B) The difference in temperature between the
air inside and outside the ballon produces
convection currents.
(C) The cooler air outside the balloon pushes in
on the walls of the ballon.
(D) The rate of diffusion of cooler air is less
than that of warmer air.
(E) The air density inside the ballon is less than
that of the surrounding air.
24. The safest and most effective emergency procedure to
treat an acid splash on skin is to do which of the following
immediately?

(A) Dry the affected area with paper towels

(B) Sprinkle the affected area with powdered
Na2SO4(s)
(C) Flush the affected area with water and then
with a dilute NaOH solution
(D) Flush the affected area with water and then
with a dilute NaHCO3 solution
(E) Flush the affected area with water and then
with a dilute vinegar solution

25. The cooling curve for a pure substance as it changes

from a liquid to a solid is shown right. The solid and the
liquid coexist at

(A) point Q only

(B) point R only
(C) all points on the curve between Q and S
(D) all points on the curve between R and T
(E) no point on the curve
 . . .C 10H12O 4S(s) + . . O 2(g) ---> . . . CO 2(g) + . . .
SO2(g) + . . . H2O(g)

26. When the equation above is balanced and all

coefficients are reduced to their lowest whole-number
terms, the coefficient for O 2(g) is?

(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 12
(D) 14
(E) 28

27. Appropriate uses of a visible-light spectrophtometer

include which of the following?

I. Determining the concentration of a solution of

Cu(NO3) 2
II. Measuring the conductivity of a solution of
KMnO4
III. Determining which ions are present in a
solution that may contain Na+, Mg2+, Al 3+

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only

28. The melting point of MgO is higher than that of NaF.

Explanations for this observation include which of the
following?

I. Mg2+ is more positively charged than Na+

II. O 2¯ is more negatively charged than F¯
III. The O 2¯ ion is smaller than the F¯ ion

(A) II only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
29. The organic compound represented above is an example
of

(A) an organic acid

(B) an alcohol
(C) an ether
(D) an aldehyde
(E) a ketone

H2Se(g) + 4 O 2F2(g) ---> SeF 6(g) + 2 HF(g) + 4 O 2(g)

30. Which of the following is true regarding the reaction

represented above?

(A) The oxidation number of O does not change.

(B) The oxidation number of H changes from -1
to +1.
(C) The oxidation number of F changes from +1
to -1.
(D) The oxidation number of Se changes from -2
to +6.
(E) It is a disproportionation reaction for F.

31. If the temperature of an aqueous solution of NaCl is

increased from 20 °C to 90 °C, which of the following
statements is true?

(A) The density of the solution remains

unchanged.
(B) The molarity of the solution remains
unchanged.
(C) The molality of the solution remains
unchanged.
(D) The mole fraction of solute decreases.
(E) The mole fraction of solute increases.

32. Types of hybridization exhibited by the C atoms in

propene, CH3CHCH 2, include which of the following?

I. sp
II. sp2
III. sp3
 (A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

33. A 1.0 L sample of an aqueous solution contains 0.10

mol of NaCl and 0.10 mol of CaCl 2. What is the minimum
number of moles of AgNO3 that must be added to the
solution in order to precipitate all of the Cl¯ as AgCl(s) ?
(Assume that AgCl is insoluble.)

(A) 0.10 mol

(B) 0.20 mol
(C) 0.30 mol
(D) 0.40 mol
(E) 0.60 mol

Questions 34-35 refer to an electrolytic cell that involves

the following half-reaction.

AlF 63¯ + 3 e¯ ---> Al + 6F¯

34. Which of the following occurs in the reaction?

(A) AlF 63¯ is reduced at the cathode.

(B) Al is oxidized at the anode.
(C) Aluminum is converted from the -3 oxidation
state to the 0 oxidation state.
(D) F¯ acts as a reducing agent.
(E) F¯ is reduced at the cathode.

35. As steady current of 10 amperes in passed though an

aluminum-production cell for 15 minutes. Which of the
following is the correct expressions for calculating the
number of grams of aluminum produced? (1 faraday =
96,500 coulombs)
 Initial Rate of
Initial [NO] Initial [O 2]
Experiment Formation of NO 2
(mol L¯ 1 (mol L¯ 1
(mol L¯ 1 s¯ 1)
1 0.10 0.10 2.5 x 10¯4
2 0.20 0.10 5.0 x 10¯4
3 0.20 0.40 8.0 x 10¯3

36. The initial-rate data in the table above were obtained

for the reaction represented below. What is the
experimental rate la for the reaction?

(A) rate = k[NO] [O 2]

(B) rate = k[NO] [O 2] 2
(C) rate = k[NO] 2 [O 2]
(D) rate = k[NO] 2 [O 2] 2
(E) rate = k[NO] / [O 2]

Ionization Energies for element X (kJ mol¯ 1)

First Second Third Fourth Five
580 1815 2740 11600 14800

37. The ionization energies for element X are listed in the

table above. On the basis of the data, element X is most
likely to be

(A) Na
(B) Mg
(C) Al
(D) Si
(E) P
38. A molecule or an ion is classified as a Lewis acid if it

(A) accepts a proton from water

(B) accepts a pair of electrons to form a bond
(C) donates a pair of electrons to form a bond
(D) donates a proton to water
(E) has resonance Lewis electron-dot structures

39. The phase diagram for a pure substance is shown

above. Which point on the diagram corresponds to the
equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases at the
normal melting point?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E

40. Of the following molecules, which has the largest dipole

moment?
 (A) CO
(B) CO 2
(C) O 2
(D) HF
(E) F2

2 SO3 (g) <===> 2 SO2 (g) + O 2 (g)

41. After the equilibrium represented above is established,

some pure O 2 (g) is injected into the reaction vessel at
constant temperature. After equilibrium is reestablished,
which of the following has a lower value cmpared to its
value at the original equilibrium?

(A) K eq for the reaction

(B) The total pressure in the reaction vessel.
(C) The amount of SO3 (g) in the reaction
vessel.
(D) The amount of O 2 (g) in the reaction
vessel.
(E) The amount of SO2 (g) in the reaction
vessel.

. . . Li 3N(s) + . . . H2O(l) ---> . . . Li + (aq) + . . . OH¯(aq)

+ . . . NH3(g)

42. When the equation above is balanced and all

coefficients reduced to lowest whole number terms, the
coefficient for OH¯(aq) is

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 6

43. A sample of 61.8 g of H3BO 3, a weak acid is dissolved

in 1,000 g of water to make a 1.0-molal solution. Which of
the following would be the best procedure to determine to
molarity of the solution? (Assume no additional information
is available.)

(A) Titration of the solution with standard acid

(B) Measurement of the pH with a pH meter
 (C) Determination of the boiling point of the
solution
(D) Measurement of the total volume of the
solution
(E) Measurement of the specific heat of the
solution

44. A rigid metal tank contains oxygen gas. Which of the

following applies to the gas in the tank when additional
oxygen is added at constant temperature?

(A) The volume of the gas increase.

(B) The pressure of the gas decreases.
(C) The average speed of the gas molecules
remains th same.
(D) The total number of gas molecules remains
the same.
(E) The average distance between the gas
molecules increases.

45. What is the H+(aq) concentration in 0.05 M HCN (aq) ?

(The K a for HCN is 5.0 x 10¯10)

(A) 2.5 x 10¯11

(B) 2.5 x 10¯10
(C) 5.0 x 10¯10
(D) 5.0 x 10¯6
(E) 5.0 x 10¯4

46. Which of the following occurs when excess

concentrated NH3(aq) is mixed throughly with 0.1 M
Cu(NO3) 2(aq) ?

(A) A dark red precipitate forms and settles

out.
(B) Separate layers of immiscible liquids form
with a blue layer on top.
(C) The color of the solution turns from light
blue to dark blue.
(D) Bubbles of ammonia gas form.
(E) The pH of the solution decreases.

47. When hafnium metal is heated in an atmosphere of

chlorine gas, the product of the reaction is found to contain
62.2 percent Hf by mass and 37.4 percent Cl by mass.
What is the empirical formula for this compound?

(A) HfCl
(B) HfCl 2
(C) HfCl 3
(D) HfCl 4
(E) Hf 2Cl 3

48. If 87.5 percent of a sample of pure 131I decays in 24

days, what is the half-life of 131I?

(A) 6 days
(B) 8 days
(C) 12 days
(D) 14 days
(E) 21 days

49. Which of the following techniques is most appropriate

for the recovery of solid KNO 3 from an aqueous solution of
KNO 3?

(A) Paper chromatography

(B) Filtration
(C) Titration
(D) Electrolysis
(E) Evaporation to dryness

50. In the periodic table, as the atomic number increases

from 11 to 17, what happens to the atomic radius?

(A) It remains constant.

(B) It increases only.
(C) It increases, then decreases.
(D) It decreases only.
(E) It decreases, then increases.

51. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the

results of Rutherford's experiments in which gold atoms
were bombarded with alpha particles?

(A) Atoms have equal numbers of positive and

negative charges.
(B) Electrons in atoms are agganged in shells.
(C) Neutrons are at the center of an atom.
 (D) Neutrons and protrons in atoms have nearly
equal mass.
(E) The positive charge of an atom is
concentrated in a small region.

52. Under which of the following sets of conditions could

the most O 2(g) be dissolved in H2O(l)?

Pressure of O 2(g) Temperature

Above H2O(l) of H2O(l)
(atm) °(C)
A) 5.0 80
B) 5.0 20
C) 1.0 80
D) 1.0 20
E) 0.5 20

W(g) + X(g) --> Y(g) + Z(g)

53. Gases W and X react in a closed, rigid vessel to form

gases Y and Z according to the equation above. The initial
pressure of W(g) is 1.20 atm and that of X(g) is 1.60 atm.
No Y(g) or Z(g) is initially present. The experiment is carried
out at constant temperature. What is the partial pressure of
Z(g) when the partial pressure of W(g) has decreased to
1.0 atm?

A) 0.20 atm
B) 0.40 atm
C) 1.0 atm
D) 1.2 atm
E) 1.4 atm

2NO(g) + O 2(g) <===> 2 NO 2(g)

DH < 0

54. Which of the following changes alone would cause a

decrease in the value of K eq for the reaction represented
above?

A) Decreasing the temperature

B) Increasing the temperature
C) Decreasing the volume of the reaction vessel
 D) Increasing the volume of the reaction vessel
E) Adding a catalyst

10 HI + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 --> 5 I 2 + 2 MnSO4 + K 2SO4

+ 8 H2O

55. According to the balanced equation above, how many

moles of HI would be necessary to produce 2.5 mol of I 2,
starting with 4.0 mol of KMnO4 and 3.0 mol of H2SO4?

A) 20
B) 10
C) 8.0
D) 5.0
E) 2.5

56. A yellow precipitate forms when 0.5 M NaI(aq) is added

to a 0.5 M solution of which of the following ions?

A) Pb2+(aq)
B) Zn 2+(aq)
C) CrO42¯(aq)
D) SO42¯(aq)
E) OH¯(aq)

M(s) + 3 Ag+(aq) --> 3 Ag(s) + M 3+(aq) E = +2.46 V

Ag+(aq) + e¯ --> Ag(s) E = +0.80 V

57. According to the information above, what is the

standard reduction potential for the half-reaction M 3+(aq) +
3 e¯ --> M(s)?

A) -1.66 V
B) -0.06 V
C) 0.06 V
D) 1.66 V
E) 3.26 V

58. On a mountaintop, it is observed that water boils at

90°C, not at 100°C as at sea level. This phenomenon occurs
because on the mountaintop the

A) equilibrium water vapor pressure is higher

due to the higher atmospheric pressure
 B) equilibrium water vapor pressure is lower due
to the higher atmospheric pressure
C) equilibrium water vapor pressure equals the
atmospheric pressure at a lower temperature
D) water molecules have a higher average
kinetic energy due to the lower atmospheric
pressure
E) water contains a greater concentration of
dissolved gases

59. A 40.0 mL sample of 0.25 M KOH is added to 60.0 mL

of 0.15 M Ba(OH) 2. What is the molar concentration of
OH¯(aq) in the resulting solution? (Assume that the
volumes are additive)

A) 0.10 M
B) 0.19 M
C) 0.28 M
D) 0.40 M
E) 0.55 M

NH4NO 3(s) --> N2O(g) + 2 H2O(g)

60. A 0.03 mol sample of NH4NO 3(s) is placed in a 1 L

evacuated flask, which is then sealed and heated. The
NH4NO 3(s) decomposes completely according to the
balanced equation above. The total pressure in the flask
measured at 400 K is closest to which of the following? (
The value of the gas constant, R, is 0.082 L atm mol¯ 1
K¯ 1)

(A) 3 atm
(B) 1 atm
(C) 0.5 atm
(D) 0.1 atm
(E) 0.03 atm

C 2H4(g) + 3 O 2(g) --> 2 CO 2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

61. For the reaction of ethylene represented above, DH is -

1,323 kJ. What is the value of DH if the combustion
produced liquid water H2O(l), rather than water vapor
H2O(g)? (DH for the phase change H2O(g) --> H2O(l) is
-44 kJ mol¯ 1.)
 A) -1,235 kJ
B) -1,279 kJ
C) -1,323 kJ
D) -1,367 kJ
E) -1,411 kJ

HC2H3O 2(aq) + CN¯(aq) <===> HCN(aq) + C 2H3O 2¯(aq)

62. The reaction represented above has an equilibrium

constant equal to 3.7 x 104. Which of the following can be
concluded from this information?

A) CN¯(aq) is a stronger base than

C 2H3O 2¯(aq)
B) HCN(aq) is a stronger acid than
HC2H3O 2(aq)
C) The conjugate base of CN¯(aq) is
C 2H3O 2¯(aq)
D) The equilibrium constant will increase with an
increase in temperature.
E) The pH of a solution containing equimolar
amounts of CN¯(aq) and HC2H3O 2(aq) is 7.0.
63. The graph above shows the results of a study of the
reaction of X with a large excess of Y to yield Z. The
concentrations of X and Y were measured over a period of
time. According to the results, which of the following can
be concluded about the rate of law for the reaction under
the conditions studied?

A) It is zero order in [X].

B) It is first order in [X].
C) It is second order in [X].
D) It is the first order in [Y].
E) The overall order of the reaction is 2.

64. Equal numbers of moles of He(g), Ar(g), and Ne(g) are

placed in a glass vessel at room temperature. If the vessel
has a pinhole-sized leak, which of the following will be true
regarding the relative values of the partial pressures of the
gases remaining in the vessel after some of the gas mixture
has effused?

A) P He < P Ne < P Ar
B) P He < P Ar < P Ne
C) P Ne < P Ar < P He
D) P Ar < P He < P Ne
E) P He = P Ar = P Ne

65. Which of the following compounds is NOT appreciably

soluble in water but is soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid?

A) Mg(OH) 2(s)
B) (NH4) 2CO 3(s)
C) CuSO 4(s)
D) (NH4) 2SO4(s)
E) Sr(NO 3) 2(s)

66. When solid ammonium chloride, NH4Cl(s) is added to

water at 25 °C, it dissolves and the temperature of the
solution decreases. Which of the following is true for the
values of DH and DS for the dissolving process?
 DH DS
A) Postive Positive
B) Positive Negative
C) Positive Equal to zero
D) Negative Positive
E) Negative Negative

67. What is the molar solubility in water of Ag2CrO4? (The

K sp for Ag2CrO4 is 8 x 10¯12.)

A) 8 x 10¯12 M
B) 2 x 10¯12 M
C) (4 x 10¯12 M) 1/2
D) (4 x 10¯12 M) 1/3
E) (2 x 10¯12 M) 1/3

68. In which of the following processes are covalent bonds

broken?

A) I 2(s) --> I 2(g)

B) CO 2(s) --> CO 2(g)
C) NaCl(s) --> NaCl(l)
D) C(diamond) --> C(g)
E) Fe(s) --> Fe(l)

69. What is the final concentration of barium ions, [Ba2+],

in solution when 100. mL of 0.10 M BaCl 2(aq) is mixed
with 100. mL of 0.050 M H2SO4(aq)?

A) 0.00 M
B) 0.012 M
C) 0.025 M
D) 0.075 M
E) 0.10 M

70. When 100 mL of 1.0 M Na3PO 4 is mixed with 100 mL

of 1.0 M AgNO3, a yellow precipitate forms and [Ag+]
becomes negligibly small. Which of the following is a correct
listing of the ions remaining in solution in order of
increasing concentration?
 4 3
B) [PO43¯] < [Na+] < [NO 3¯]
C) [NO 3¯] < [PO43¯] < [Na+]
D) [Na+] < [NO 3¯] < [PO43¯]
E) [Na+] < [PO43¯] < [NO 3¯]

71. In a qualitative ananlysis for the presence of Pb2+,

Fe2+, and Cu 2+ ions in a aqueous solution, which of the
following will allow the separation of Pb2+ from the other
ions at room temperature?

A) Adding dilute Na2S(aq) solution

B) Adding dilute HCl(aq) solution
C) Adding dilute NaOH(aq) solution
D) Adding dilute NH3(aq) solution
E) Adding dilute HNO3(aq) solution

72. After completing an experiment to determine

gravimetrically the percentage of water in a hydrate, a
student reported a value of 38 percent. The correct value
for the percentage of water in the hydrate is 51 percent.
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this
difference?

A) Strong initial heating caused some of the

hydrate sample to spatter out of the crucible.
B) The dehydrated sample absorbed moisture
after heating.
C) The amount of the hydrate sample used was
too small.
D) The crucible was not heated to constant
mass before use.
E) Excess heating caused the dehydrated
sample to decompose.

73. The volume of distilled water that should be added to

10.0 mL of 6.00 M HCl(aq) in order to prepare a 0.500 M
HCl(aq) solution is approximately

A) 50.0 mL
B) 60.0 mL
C) 100. mL
D) 110. mL
 E) 120. mL

74. Which of the following gases deviates most from ideal

behavior?

A) SO2
B) Ne
C) CH4
D) N2
E) H2

75. Which of the following pairs of liquids forms the solution

that is most ideal (most closely follows Raoult's law)?

A) C 8H18(l) and H2O(l)

B) CH3CH2CH2OH(l) and H2O(l)
C) CH3CH2CH2OH(l) and C 8H18(l)
D) C 6H14(l) and C 8H18(l)
E) H2SO4(l) and H2O(l)
1999 MC Chem AP Answers

1) c 2) e 3) b 4) a 5) d 6) a 7) c 8) e 9) c 10) e 11) a 12) b 13) a 14)

b 15) d 16) c 17) e 18) a 19) c 20) b 21) b 22) e 23) e 24) d 25) c 26) c
27) a 28) b 29) e 30) d 31) c 32) d 33) c 34) a 35) c 36) b 37) c 38) b
39) c 40) d 41) e 42) c 43) d 44) c 45) d 46) c 47) c 48) b 49) e 50) d
51) e 52) b 53) a 54) b 55) d 56) a 57) a 58) c 59) c 60) a 61) e 62) a
63) b 64) a 65) a 66) a 67) e 68) d 69) c 70) a 71) b 72) b 73) d 74) a
75) d