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    Q.5: What are the key features and characteristics of RTOS?

    How does RTOS


    differ from a general-purpose operating system?

    Ans: A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system with two key
    features: predictability and determinism. In an RTOS, repeated tasks are
    performed within a tight time boundary, while in a general-purpose operating
    system, this is not necessarily so.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF AN RTOS: 1. Determinism: Repeating an input will


    result in the same output. 2. High performance: RTOS systems are fast and
    responsive, often executing actions within a small fraction of the time needed
    by a general OS. 3. Safety and security: RTOSes are frequently used in critical
    systems when failures can have catastrophic consequences, such as
    robotics or flight controllers. To protect those around them, they must have
    higher security standards and more reliable safety features. 4. Priority-based
    scheduling: Priority scheduling means that actions assigned a high priority are
    executed first, and those with lower priority come after. This means that an
    RTOS will always execute the most important task. 5. Small footprint: Versus
    their hefty general OS counterparts, RTOSes weigh in at just a fraction of the
    size. For example, Windows 10, with post-install updates, takes up
    approximately 20 GB. VxWorks®, on the other hand, is approximately 20,000
    times smaller, measured in the low single-digit megabytes.

    DIFFERENCES: 1. Objective and Range: Real-time operating systems (RTOS)


    are engineered for situations where time limitations are crucial, such as
    embedded systems and control systems. 2. GPOS is a general-purpose
    computer system that offers versatility and support for a wide range of
    applications, including desktops and servers. 3. Task Scheduling: To adhere
    to stringent time constraints, RTOs use priority-based preemptive scheduling.
    4. Time-sharing or equitable scheduling are commonly employed by GPOS
    systems to optimize system responsiveness and throughput. 5. Resource
    Management: RTOSIS places a strong emphasis on predictable behavior and
    effective resource use. Resource sharing and applicability fairness are given
    top priority by GPOS. 6. Latency and Predictability: RTOs reduce reaction
    times for tasks and guarantee consistent behavior in a range of scenarios.
    GPOS places less emphasis on exact time guarantees and more emphasis on
    user experience and responsiveness. 7. Complexity and Overhead: To
    effectively handle real-time tasks, RTOs are usually lightweight and have low
    overhead.

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