Management: Definition

Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in

which individuals working together in groups efficiently and effectively
accomplish selected goals.
Objectives of Management
1. Organizational Objectives:
o Survival
o Profit
o Growth
2. Social Objectives. For example:
o Use eco-friendly methods
o Generate employment opportunities
3. Personal Objectives. For example:
o Fair wages and salary
o Good working conditions
o Growth prospects
Effectiveness: Definition
According to Koontz, “Effectiveness means doing the right thing.” It means taking
correct decisions and actions in every situation to achieve the targets.
Importance of Management
1. Management helps in achieving group goals.
2. Management increases efficiency of the employees.
3. Management creates a dynamic organization.
4. Management helps in achieving personal objectives.
5. Management helps in the development of society.
Features of Management
1. Management is goal oriented as it seeks to integrate the efforts of
different individuals towards the accomplishment of both organizational
and individual goals.
2. Management is pervasive as it is applicable to all types of organizations
(economic, social and political), all sizes of organization (small, medium
and large) and at all levels of management (top, middle and lower).
3. Management is multidimensional as it involves three dimensions namely:
 o Management of work i.e. to translate the work in terms of goals to
be achieved and to assign the means to achieve it.
o Management of people, which implies dealing with employees as
individuals with diverse needs and also as a group of people.
o Management of operations, in order to ensure the conversion of
inputs into desired outputs for consumption.
4. Management is a continuous process as it is a series of continuous,
composite, but separate functions i.e. planning, organizing, staffing,
directing and controlling to be performed simultaneously all the time till an
organization exists.
5. Management is a group activity requiring team work and coordination of
the efforts of the diverse individuals in a common direction.
6. Management is a dynamic function as a business operates in an ever
changing environment and this necessitates a constant review and revision
of its goals and operations so as to adapt itself effectively to these
changes.
7. Management is an intangible force which cannot be seen but the good
quality of management is reflected through various indicators like
achievement of goals, satisfaction among employees etc.
Functions of Management
1. Managment as a process contains a series of interrelated and
interdependent functions namely,
planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
2. Planning relates to determining in advance what is to be done and who is
to do it.
3. Organizing is the process of bringing together human, physical and
financial resources and establishing productive relations among them for
the purpose of achieving the desired goals efficiently and effectively.
4. Staffing involves manning the organizational structure in order to fill in
the roles designed into the structure.
5. Directing involves leading, influencing and motivating employees to
perform the tasks assigned to them.
6. Controlling is the management function of ensuring that events conform
to plans.

Functions of Levels of Management

 Nature of Management

Management as an Management as a Management as a

Art Science Profession

Science is a
Art is the skilful and Profession is an
systematized body of
personal application economic activity
knowledge that
of existing knowledge which requires
explains certain
to achieve desired specialized
general truths.
results. knowledge and skill.

Features of
Features of Art / Features of Science /
Profession /
Evaluation of Evaluation of
Evaluation of
Management as an Management as a
Management as a
Art: Science:
Profession:

1.Existence of 1.Systematized body 1.Well defined body

theoretical of of
knowledge: Manage knowledge: Manage knowledge: Manage
ment fulfills this ment, like Science, is ment fulfills this
criterion as there also a well- defined criterion as it includes
exist a number of
body of knowledge
theories and
containing a number a set of theories and
principles on
of theories and principles formulated
management which
principles formulated by various
have been
by various management experts.
formulated by various
management experts
management experts.

Nature of
Management

Management as a Management as a
Management as an Art
Science Profession

2. Restricted
2. Principles based on entry: Unlike other
2.Personalized
experimentation: Like professions,
application: Management
the principles of pure management as a
fulfills this criterion as a
science, the principles profession does not
good manager works
of management are fulfill this criteria as
through a combination of
also based on personal anyone can be called
practice, creativity,
observation and tested a manager
imagination, initiative and
through repeated regardless of his/her
innovation.
experimentation. academic
qualifications.

3. Based on practice and 3. Universal 3. Professional

creativity: Management validity: Unlike the association: Several
fulfills this criterion as a scientific principles, management
person becomes a better the principles of associations exist
manager with constant management lack today. However,
practice and experience. universal validity as it unlike other
This also leads to deals with human professions, it is not
emergence of different behavior which is necessary to be a
styles of management. complex in nature. member of such an
Different people react association to
differently to the same become a manager.
situation and therefore
4.Ethical code of
their behavior cannot
conduct: All
be predicted with
professions are
accuracy.
bound by a code of
conduct which
guides the behavior
 of its members.
5. Service
motive: Like other
professionals, a good
management
ensures that it
serves both the
objectives of profit
maximisation and
social welfare
effectively through
its existence.

Conclusion
Conclusion – Management does
Conclusion – Management
– Management is a not meet the exact
is a complete art.
social science. criteria of a
profession.

COORDINATION
Coordination: Definition
Coordination is the process of integrating the individual and group efforts in
pursuit of common goals.
Importance of Coordination
1. Growth in size: With the growth in the size of an organisation, there is a
proportionate increase in the number of its employees.So there is a greater
need to unify the efforts of diverse individuals towards the realisation of
organisational goals.
2. Functional differentiation: As a result of functional differentiation in an
organisation, its people and activities get divided into It facilitates the
achievement of desired objectives with minimum conflicts by providing the
necessary amount, quality, timing and sequence of efforts.small
departments on the basis of functions like marketing, finance etc.
Therefore, there is a need to reconcile the goals pursued by each of the
departments with the goals of the organisation as a whole.
3. Specialisation: More number of specialists are deployed in the present day
organizations keeping in mind the need for specialisation due to greater
complexity and diversity in their way of functioning. In order to integrate
the different approaches, interests or opinion of the specialists and resolve
conflicts between them, coordination is essential
Features of Coordination:
1. It integrates group efforts into purposeful work activity.
2. It ensures unity of action as it acts as a binding force between and among
departments.
3. It is a continuous on-going process as it is required till an organisation
exists.
4. It is all pervasive as it is required at all levels of management.
5. It is the responsibility of all managers however the scope of their
operations varies.
6. It is a deliberate function.
Coordination – The Essence of Management:
1. Although sometimes coordination is considered a separate function of
management, it is the essence of management. It helps in creating
harmony among individual efforts towards the realization of group goals.
2. It is the force that binds all the other functions of management.
3. It is the common thread that runs through all organizational activities like
production, marketing, finance etc. to ensure continuity in the business
operations.
4. It prevails through all the functions of management starting from the
planning stage itself. The organizational structure is developed in line with
the plans. The staffing function is carried out in accordance with the
organizational structure. The directing function is performed by guiding,
inspiring and motivating employees in the desired manner. The controlling
function helps to take care of any discrepancies between actual and
planned activities.
5. If facilities the achievement of desired objectives with minimum conflicts by
providing the necessary amount, quality, timing and sequence of efforts.
MIND MAP
 LATEST CBSE QUESTIONS
Question 1:
Ashutosh Goenka was working in ‘Axe Ltd.’, a company manufacturing air
purifiers. He found that the profits has started declining from the last six months.
Profit has an implication for the survival of the firm, so he analysed the business
environment to find out the reasons for this decline.
1. Identify the level of management at which Ashutosh Goenka was working.
2. State three other functions being performed by Ashutosh Goenka.
Answer:
Ashutosh Goenka was working at top level of management. The three functions
being performed by him at this level are outlined below:
1. He is responsible for formulating the overall organizational goals and
strategies.
2. He is responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
3. He has to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of
common goals.
Question 2:
Rishitosh Mukerjee has recently joined AMV Ltd, a company manufacturing
refrigerators. He found that his department was under-staffed and other
departments were not cooperating with his deparment for smooth functioning of
the organisation. Therefore, he ensured that his department has the required
number of employees and its cooperation with other deparments is improved.
1. Idenfity the level at which Rishitosh Mukerjee was working.
2. Also, state three more functions required to be performed by Rishitosh
Mukerjee at
this level.
Answer:
Rishitosh Mukerjee is working at middle level of the management. The three
more functions that he has to perform at this level are stated below:
1. He has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in his
department.
2. He has to motivate the people in his department to achieve the desired
objectives.
3. He has to interpret the policies framed by top management.
Question 3:
Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. Identify
the level of management at which he is working? State any five functions that he
has to perform at this level.
Answer:
Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. He is
working at the lower level of management.
He has to perform the following functions at this level of management:
1. He has to directly oversee the efforts of the workforce.
2. He has to serve as a link between the workers and middle level managers.
 3. He has to ensure sufficient availability of resources and good quality of
output.
4. He has to provide guidance and training to workers.
5. He has to ensure that good working conditions are provided to the
workers.
Question 4:
Mega Ltd. manufactured water-heaters. In the first year of its operations, the
revenue earned by the company was just sufficient to meet its costs. To increase
the revenue, the company analysed the reasons behind the less revenues. After
analysis, the company decided:
1. to reduce the labour costs by shifting the manufacturing unit to a
backward area where labour was available at a very low rate.
2. to start manufacturing solar water-heaters and reduce the production of
electric water- heaters slowly.
This will not only help in covering the risks but also help in meeting other
objectives.
1. Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
2. State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to
society.
Answer:
1. The objectives of management discussed above are:
o Organisational objectives: An organisation strives to achieve multiple
organizational objectives in the interest of its stakeholders like
owners, employees etc.The main organizational objectives are
survival, profit and growth.
o Social Objectives: It is the obligation of every organisation to
undertake such activities which will benefit the society at large like
using eco-friendly methods, contributing towards weaker sections of
the society, generating employment opportunities, promoting
literacy etc.
2. The two values that the company wanted to communicate to the society
are:
o Rural development
o Environment sustainability
Question 5:
XYZ Power Ltd. set up a factory for manufacturing solar lanterns in a remote
village as there was no reliable supply of electricity in rural areas. The revenue
earned by the company was sufficient to cover the costs and the risks. As the
demand of lanterns was increasing day- by-day, the company decided to increase
production to generate higher sales. For this/they decided to employ people
from a nearby village as very few job opportunities were available in that area.
The company also decided to open schools and creches for the children of its
employees.
1. Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
2. State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to the
society.
Answer:
1. The objectives of management discussed above are:
o Organisational objectives: An organisation strives to achieve
multiple organizational objectives in the interest of its stakeholders
like owners, employees etc. The main organisational objectives are
survival, profit and growth.
o Social Objectives: It is the obligation of every organisation to
undertake such activities which will benefit the society at large like
using eco-friendly methods, contributing towards weaker sections of
the society, generating employment opportunities, promoting
literacy etc.
2. The two values that the company wanted to communicate to the society
are:
o Rural development
o Promoting literacy
Question 6:
Your grandfather has retired as the Director of a manufacturing company. At
what level of management was he working? What functions do you think he was
performing at that level? State any two,
Answer::
Since he has retired from the post of Director of a manufacturing company, he
was working at the top level of management.
The main functions that he was performing at this level are outlined below:
1. He was responsible for the success and failure of the organization.
2. He was responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
 3. He had to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of
common goals.
Question 7:
Ritu is the manager of the northern division of a large corporate house. At what
level does she work in the organisation? What are her basic functions?
OR
Your grandfather has retired from an organisation in which he was responsible
for implementing the plans developed by the top management. At which level of
management was he working? State one more function performed at this level.
OR
Deepak’s father has retired as a purchase manager of a company. At what level of
management was he working? What function do you think he was performing at
that level of management?
OR
Dheeraj is working as an Operations Manager in Tifco Ltd. Name the managerial
level at which he is working. State any four functions he will perform as the
Operations Manager in this company.
OR
Rajat is working as a Regional Manager in Tifco Ltd. Name the level at which he is
working. State any four functions he will perform as the Regional Manager in this
company.
Answer::
Ritu / grandfather / Deepak’s father / Deeraj / Rajat, all of them are working at
the middle level of management.
The four functions that he will have to perform at this level are stated below:
1. He has to ensure that his department has the necessary staff.
2. He has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in his
department.
3. He has to motivate the people in his department to achieve the desired
objectives.
4. He has to co-operate with the other departments for ensuring smooth
functioning of the organization.
Question 8:
Vaibhav Garments Ltd/s target is to produce 10,000 shirts per month at a cost
of ?150 per shirt. The production manager could achieve this target at the cost of
?160 per shirt. Do you think the production manager is effective? Give reasons for
your answer.
Answer:
Yes, the production manager of Vaibhav Garments Ltd. is effective as he could
achieve the target to produce 10,000 shirts in a month.
Question 9:
Mr. Nitin Singhania’s father has a good business of iron and steel. He wants to go
to the USA for his MBA but his father thinks that he should join the business. On
the basis of emerging- trends, do you think that Mr. Singhania should send his
son to the USA? Give any three reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:
Yes, according to me, Mr. Singhania should send his son to USA for his MBA
because management is being recognised as a profession to a great extent
because of the following reasons:
1. Well defined body of knowledge: Management is considered to be a well-
defined body of knowledge that can be acquired through instructions. As a
separate discipline, it contains a set of theories and principles formulated
by various management experts. Moreover, it is taught in various schools
and colleges all over the world.
2. Ethical code of conduct: Management, in practice, like other professions, is
bound by a code of conduct which guides the behaviour of its members.
Therefore, acquiring a degree in management will equip him with the good
managerial,, skills and approach.
3. Service motive: A good management course will provide him an insight
into the multiple goals that an organisation should pursue. This knowledge
will help him to serve both the objectives of profit maximization and social
welfare effectively for his company.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Question 1:
Jayant is working as Head Relationship Manager in the wealth management
division of a private sector bank. He has created an internal environment which is
conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team of ten
relationship management executive” A typical day at work in Jay ant’s life consists
of a series of interrelated and continue functions. He decides the targets for his
department which are in line with the objectives of the organization as a whole.
The future course of action for his team members is laid out well in advance. The
various resources required by the relationship managers like an iPad with GPS
system, account opening forms, brochures, details of account holders etc. are
made readily available to them. The executives are given sufficient authority to
carry out the work assigned to them. Jayant works in close coordination with the
Human Resource Manager in order to ensure that he is able to create and
maintain a satisfactory and satisfied workforce in his department.Through
constant guidance and motivation, Jayant inspires them to realise their full
potential. He offers them various types of incentives from time to time keeping in
view their diverse individual needs.Moreover, he keeps a close watch on their
individual performances in order to ensure that they are in accordance with the
standards set and takes corrective actions whenever needed.
In context of the above case:
1. Identify the concept being referred to in the following line, “He has created
an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient
performance of his team of ten relationship management executives.”
2. Identify and describe the various functions of the concept as identified in
part (a) of the question by quoting lines from the paragraph.
Answer:
1. The concept of management is being referred to in the following line, “He
has created an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and
efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management
executives.”
2. The various functions of the management concept mentioned in the above
paragraph are listed below:
o Planning: It is the function of determining in advance what is to be
done and who is to do it.
“He decides the targets for his department which are in line with the
objectives of the organization as a whole. The future course of
actions for the team members are laid out well in advance.”
o Organising: Organising is the process of bringing together human,
physical and financial resources and establishing productive relations
among them for the purpose of achieving the desired goals
efficiently and effectively.
“The various resources required by the relationship managers like an
iPad with GPS system, account opening forms, brochures, details of
account holders etc. are made readily available to them. The
executives are given sufficient authority to carry out the work
assigned to them.”
 o Staffing: The managerial function of staffing involves manning the
organisational structure in order to fill in the roles designed into the
structure.
“Jayant works in close coordination with the human resource
manager in order to ensure that he is able to create and maintain a
satisfactory and satisfied workforce in his department.”
o Directing: Directing involves leading, influencing and motivating
employees to
perform the tasks assigned to them.
“Through constant guidance and motivation, Jayant inspires them to
realise their full potential. He offers them various types of incentives
from time to time keeping in view their diverse individual needs.”
3. Controlling: Controlling is the management function of ensuring that
events conform to plans.”Moreover, he keeps a close watch on their
individual performances in order to ensure that they are in accordance with
the standards set and takes corrective actions whenever needed.”
Question 2:
Sooraj works as a salesman in a company selling pet accessories and food. He has
been given a target of selling 1200 units of the food packets in a month by
offering a maximum of 10% discount to his customers. In order to meet his
monthly sales target, on the last two days of the month, he offers 15% discount
to his customers.
In the context of the above case:
Is Sooraj effective in his work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of
your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Sooraj is effective in his work as he has been able to meet his monthly sales
target of selling 1200 units of the food packets.
Question 3:
Sujata works as a designer in an export house. As per the terms of an order
received by the export house, she has to get 1000 units of denim jackets made in
15 days @ ? 2000 per jacket. She is able to complete her target production in 20
days because in order to complete the order in 15 days she would have made the
workers work over time. As a result, the cost of production per jacket may have
increased by ? 100.
In the context of the above case:
Is Sujata efficient in her work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of
your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Sujata is efficient in her work as she has been able to get 1000 units of
denim jackets made @ ? 2000 per jacket.
Question 4:
Anju and Manju are good friends. Considering the fact that the activities involved
in managing an enterprise are common to all organizations, after completing
their masters in business management, both of them take up a job at managerial
level in different organizations as per their individual areas of interest. Anju takes
up a marketing job in a retail company and strives to increase sales whereas
Manju joins an NGO and works diligently to realize its objective related to
providing employment to specially abled persons. Both of them have to perform
a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. On some days, Anju
may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on another day, she
may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem. Both Anju and Manju
make conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among
diverse individuals with different needs who work under them. The effect of their
management is noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met
according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in
its functioning rather than chaos.
In context of the above case:
Identify the various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph
by quoting lines from it.
Answer:
The various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph are
stated below:
1. Management is all pervasive: “Considering the fact that the activities
involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organizations, after
completing their masters in business management, both of them take up a
job at managerial level in different organizations as per their individual
areas of interest.”
2. Management is a goal-oriented process: “Anju takes up a marketing job in
a retail company and strives to increase sales whereas Manju joins an NGO
and works diligently to realize its objective related to providing
employment to specially abled persons.”
3. Management is a continuous process: “Both of them have to perform a
series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. Like on some days,
 Anju may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on
another day, she may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem.”
4. Management is a group activity: “Both Anju and Manju make conscious
efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse
individuals with different needs who work under them.”
5. Management is an intangible force: “The effect of their management is
noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met according
to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its
functioning rather than chaos.”
Question 5:
Real Alliance Ltd. is a well-known cement company in India. It is able to earn
adequate revenues to cover costs. Its capital base, number of employees and
production turnover has increased manifolds over the years. The rate of
profitability of the business is also creditable. The employees of the company are
happy and satisfied with their remuneration, working conditions, promotion
policy etc. As a part of its moral obligation, the company has taken many
initiatives for providing employment to specially abled persons and promoting
literacy in the villages adopted by it.
In the context of the above case:
1. Identify and explain the various types of objectives of management being
fulfilled by Real Alliance Ltd by quoting lines from the paragraph.
2. List any two values that Real Alliance Ltd. wants to communicate to the
society.
Answer:
The various objectives of management being fulfilled by Real Alliance Ltd
are stated below:
1. Organisational objectives: An organization strives to achieve multiple
organisational objectives, mainly:
o Survival: “It is able to earn adequate revenues to cover costs.”
o Growth: “Its capital base, number of employees and production
turnover has
increased manifolds over the years.”
o Profit: “The rate of profitability of the business is also creditable.”
2. Personal objectives: These objectives relate to the needs of the employees
of the organization which must be given due consideration.
 “The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their
remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc.”
3. Social objectives: It is expected that every organization should undertake
certain initiatives for the welfare of the society at large.
“As a part of its moral obligation, the company has taken many initiatives
for providing employment to specially abled persons and promoting
literacy in the villages adopted by it.”
4. The two value that Real Alliance Ltd. wants to communicate to the society
are:
o Social welfare
o Respect for their employees
Question 6:
Esha works as the cost and risk management head of a company in power sector.
As a result of her excellent managerial competence, the company is able to
reduce costs and increase productivity. The company belongs to infrastructure
sector, wherein regular amendments are made in the government regulations
and policies. She holds regular meetings to ensure that people in her department
are not only aware of the related changes but are also able to adapt to these
changes effectively. This helps the company to maintain its competitive edge. She
motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual members are able
to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organisational
objective. In the process of fulfilling her duties for the growth of the organisation,
she helps in providing competitive services, adopting new technology, creating
more employment opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large.
In context of the above case:
Identify the various reasons that have made management so important by
quoting lines from the paragraph.
Answer:
The various reasons mentioned in the above paragraph that have made
management so important are stated below:
1. Management increases efficiency as it leads to reduction in costs due to
optimum utilisation of resources.
“As a result of her excellent managerial competence the company is able to
reduce costs and increase productivity.”
2. Management creates a dynamic organisation so that it is able to
incorporate the corresponding changes in its working with any change in
its business environment.
 “The company belongs to infrastructure sector, wherein regular
amendments are made in the government regulations and policies. She
holds regular meetings to ensure that people in her department are not
only aware of the related changes but are also able to adapt to these
changes effectively. This helps the company to maintain its competitive
edge.”
3. Management helps in achieving personal objectives of the employees in
the organisation.
“She motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual
members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the
overall organisational objective.”
“The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their
remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc.”
4. Management helps in the development of society by contributing
effectively towards it in multiple ways.”In the process of fulfilling her duties
for the growth of the organization, she helps in providing competitive
services, adopting new technology, creating more employment
opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large.”
Question 7:
Ramarjuna joins an IT firm as a system analyst after completing his masters in
Computer Science. As the nature of his work demands he has to work in very
close coordination with all the departmental heads in the firm, very soon
Ramarjuna realizes that each departmental head has own individual style of
working. They differ greatly in their day-to-day approach to work. They tend to
deal with a given situation, an issue or a problem through a combination of their
own experience, creativity, imagination, initiative and innovation.
In the context of the above case:
Identify and explain the nature of management highlighted in the above case.
Answer:
In the above case, management is being considered as an art.
Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve
desired results. The evaluation of management as an art is given below:
1. Existence of theoretical knowledge: Art presupposes the existence of
certain knowledge. Management fulfills this criterion as there exist a
number of theories and principles on management which have been
formulated by various management experts.
 2. Personalised applications: Art is a personalised concept. Management
fulfills this criterion as a good manager works through a combination of his
own experience, creativity, imagination, initiative and innovation to carry
out the assigned work.
3. Based on practice and creativity: All art is practical. Management fulfills this
criterion as a person becomes a better manager with constant practice and
experience. This also leads to emergence of different styles of
management.
Evaluation of
S.No Features of Art
Management as an Art

Existence of
1. theoretical Fulfills this criterion
knowledge

Personalized
2. Fulfills this criterion
applications

Based on practice and

3. Fulfills this criterion
creativity

Question 8:
Dharam is a well-known businessman in the field of publishing. He owes the
success of his business to his own education in business management and his
team of certified management consultants. Therefore, he decides to send both
his children Danush and Damini abroad to acquire a degree in business
management in their individual area of expertise. He feels that all over the world
there is marked growth in management as a discipline, but still it is not
considered to be a full-fledged profession for certain reasons.
In the context of the above case:
1. Explain the reasons because of which Dharam considers management as a
discipline.
2. Critically examine the various reasons because of which management is not
considered to be a full-fledged profession.
Answer:
1. Dharam considers management as a discipline because there exist a
number of theories and principles on management which have been
formulated by various management experts. It is taught in various schools
and colleges, all over the world, as a separate subject of study.
 2. Management is not considered to be a full-fledged profession because of
the following reasons:
o Restricted entry. Unlike management, the entry to the other
professions is restricted through an examination or eligibility criteria
like specific percentage in a particular degree or diploma. However,
management as profession does not fulfill this criterion as anyone
can be called a manager regardless of his/her academic
qualifications.
o Professional association: Unlike managers, all working professionals
have to be a member of an affiliated professional association which
regulates their entry, grants certificate of practice and formulates
and enforces code of conduct. For example,the practicing lawyers
have to be a member of Bar Council of India, the practicing doctors
should have membership of All India Medical Association etc.
However, in case of management, although there exist several
management associations like the AIMA (All India Management
Association), neither does it have any statutory backing nor is it
mandatory for the practicing managers to a member of such
associations.
Question 9:
Kartik joins a garment factory as a plant supervisor in Lucknow. He observes that
the output of some workers is very low as compared to the standards set for their
performance. On analyzing the reasons for the same, he finds out that a lot of
time of the workers is wasted in getting the requisite materials issued from the
store. Whereas on asking, the store keeper complains that there is no harmony in
the working of the production department as a whole. Everyday the workers
approach him at the last minute to procure different kinds of threads, laces,
mirrors, buttons etc. If it is not available in the store then he has to place an order
with the purchase officer. As a result, a lot of time of the workers is wasted. So, in
order to integrate the various production activities, henceforth, Kartik
ensures,that the store keeper is informed well three days in advance about the
requisite material. Consequently, the store keeper is able to keep the materials
ready for the workers every morning in accordance with their requirements.
In context of the above case:
1. Identify and explain the quality of management that Kartik has introduced
in the working of the production department as a corrective measure to
control the output of the workers.
 2. State briefly any two points highlighting the importance of quality of
management identified in part (a).
Answer:
1. Coordination is the quality of management that Kartik has introduced in
the working of the production department as a corrective measure to
control the output of the workers.
Coordination is the process which helps to integrate the efforts of different
individuals with diverse needs to secure a unity of action in the pursuit of
common goals.
2. The two points highlighting the importance of coordination are stated
below:
o Growth in the size: With the growth in the size of an organisation,
there is a proportionate increase in the number of its employees. So
there is a greater need to unify the efforts of diverse individuals
towards the realisation of organisational goals.
o Functional differentiation: As a result of functional differentiation in
an organization, its people and activities get divided into small
departments on the basis of functions like marketing, finance etc.
Since each such department tends to formulate its own objectives,
policies etc., there is a need to reconcile the goals pursued by each
of such departments with the goals of the organization as a whole.
Question 10:
Geetika is working in a private sector bank. One of her key function relates to the
formulation of the overall organisational goals and strategies of the bank. Identify
the level of management at which she is working? State any three other functions
that she has to perform at this level.
Answer:
Geetika is working at the top level of management in the private sector bank. The
three other functions that she has to perform at this level are outlined below:
1. She is responsible for the success and failure of the organisation.
2. She is responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
3. She has to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of
common goals.
Question 11:
Arundhati has been promoted to the post of Marketing Division Head of a soft
drink company. Identify the level of management at which she will be working
henceforth. State any four functions that she will have to perform at this level.
Answer:
Henceforth, Arundhati will be working at middle level of management.
The four functions that she will have to perform at this level are stated below:
1. She has to ensure that her department has the necessary staff.
2. She has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in her
department.
3. She has to motivate the people in her department to achieve the desired
objectives.
4. She has to co-operate with the other departments for ensuring smooth
functioning of the organization.
Question 12:
Ajay and Sanjay are childhood friends. Sanjay had lost his right hand in an
accident in childhood. They meet after a long time in a restaurant. On being
asked, Sanjay tells Ajay that he feels very discontented in managing his family
business after the death of his father as it doesn’t match with his areas of interest.
Ajay knows that Sanjay possess extraordinary skills in management although he
hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management.
Therefore, he asks Sanjay to wind up his business in India and join him in his
hotel business in Dubai as an Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing Division.
In context of the above case:
1. Can Sanjay be deployed at the post of Assistant Manager in Sales and
Marketing Division though he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in
management? Explain by giving suitable justifications in support of your
answer.
2. List any two values that are reflected in this act of Ajay.
Answer:
1. Yes, Sanjay can be deployed at the post of Assistant Manager in Sales and
Marketing Division although he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in
management as management is not considered to be a full-fledged
profession because of the following reasons:
o Restricted entry: Unlike management, the entry to the other
professions is restricted through an examination or eligibility criteria
like specific percentage in a particular degree or diploma. However,
management as a profession does not fulfill this criteria as anyone
 can be called a manager regardless of his/her academic
qualifications.
o Professional association: Unlike managers, all working professionals
have to be a member of an affiliated professional association which
regulates their entry, grants certificate of practice and formulates
and enforces code of conduct. For example, the practicing lawyers
have to be a member of Bar Council of India, the practicing doctors
should have membership of All India Medical Association etc.
However, in case of management, although there exist several
management association like the AIMA (All India Management
Association), neither does it have any statutory backing nor is it
mandatory for the practicing managers to a member of such
associations.
2. The two values that are reflected in this act of Ajay are:
o Compassion
o Responsibility.
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