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    Lesson-4 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

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    Mishe Almedilla
    The document discusses calculating the variance and standard deviation of discrete probability distributions. It provides examples and step-by-step instructions for finding the variance and standard deviation using two different methods. Various practice problems and examples are also presented.

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    Lesson-4 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

    Uploaded by

    Mishe Almedilla
    35 views25 pages
    The document discusses calculating the variance and standard deviation of discrete probability distributions. It provides examples and step-by-step instructions for finding the variance and standard deviation using two different methods. Various practice problems and examples are also presented.

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    The document discusses calculating the variance and standard deviation of discrete probability distributions. It provides examples and step-by-step instructions for finding the variance and standard deviation using two different methods. Various practice problems and examples are also presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views25 pages

    Lesson-4 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

    Uploaded by

    Mishe Almedilla
    The document discusses calculating the variance and standard deviation of discrete probability distributions. It provides examples and step-by-step instructions for finding the variance and standard deviation using two different methods. Various practice problems and examples are also presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Lesson 4

    Computing the
    Variance of a Discrete
    Probability Distribution
    Lesson Objectives
    At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
    a. illustrate and calculate the variance of a discrete
    random variable;
    b. interpret the variance of a discrete random
    variable; and
    c. solve problems involving variance of
    probability distributions
    STARTING POINT
    Compute the variance of this frequency distribution.
    Score No. of Students
    5 3
    8 5
    10 4
    12 5
    15 3
    Σ𝑓𝑋
    Step 1: Compute the mean. 𝑋ത =
    𝑛
    X f fX
    5 3 15 200
    𝑋ത = = 10
    8 5 40 20
    10 4 40
    12 5 60
    15 3 45
    n=20 Σ𝑓𝑋=200
    Step 2: Subtract the mean from each score. Square the
    results.
    X f ഥ
    fX 𝑿 − 𝑿 𝑿 − 𝑿 ഥ 𝟐

    5 3 15 -5 25
    8 5 40 -2 4
    10 4 40 0 0
    12 5 60 2 4
    15 3 45 5 25
    Step 3: Multiply the results by the corresponding
    frequency. Add the results.
    𝑿 ഥ
    𝒇 𝒇𝑿 𝑿 − 𝑿 ഥ
    𝑿−𝑿 𝟐 ഥ
    𝒇 𝑿−𝑿 𝟐

    5 3 15 -5 25 75
    ഥ
    Σ𝒇 𝑿 − 𝑿 𝟐
    8 5 40 -2 4 20
    = 190
    10 4 40 0 0 0
    12 5 60 2 4 20
    15 3 45 5 25 75
    Step 4: Compute the variance using the formula
    2 Σ𝒇 𝑿−𝑿ഥ 𝟐
    𝜎 =
    𝑛
    To get the standard deviation, get the square root
    of the variance
    2
    190
    𝜎 = = 𝟗. 𝟓
    20
    𝜎 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖
    Getting Ready
    • The variance and standard deviation describe the
    amount of spread, dispersion, or variability of the
    items in a distribution
    • How do you describe the spread or dispersion in a
    probability distribution?
    • This lesson will teach us how to compute the
    variance and standard deviation of a discrete
    probability distribution.
    ACTIVITY 1: Number of Cars Sold
    The number of cars sold per day at a local car
    dealership, along with its corresponding
    probabilities, is shown in the succeeding table.
    Compute the variance and the standard deviation of
    the probability distribution by following the given
    steps.
    No. of Cars Sold Probability
    (X) P(X)
    0 1/10
    1 2/10
    2 3/10
    3 2/10
    4 2/10
    STEPS in Finding the Variance and Standard Deviation
    1. Find the mean of the probability distribution.
    2. Subtract the mean from each value of random variable X.
    3. Square the results obtained in Step 2.
    4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the
    corresponding probability
    5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4. This will
    give you the value of the variance.
    6. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
    1. Find the mean

    (X) P(X) X•P(X)

    0 1/10 0 𝜇 = ΣX•P(X)=2.2
    1 2/10 2/10
    2 3/10 6/10
    3 2/10 6/10
    4 2/10 8/10
    2. Subtract the mean from each value of the random
    variable X.

    (X) P(X) X•P(X) 𝑿 − 𝝁

    0 1/10 0 -2.2
    1 2/10 2/10 -1.2
    2 3/10 6/10 -0.2
    3 2/10 6/10 0.8
    4 2/10 8/10 1.8
    3. Square the results obtained in Step 2.
    (X) P(X) X•P(X) 𝑿−𝝁 𝑿−𝝁 𝟐

    0 1/10 0 -2.2 4.84


    1 2/10 2/10 -1.2 1.44
    2 3/10 6/10 -0.2 0.04
    3 2/10 6/10 0.8 0.64
    4 2/10 8/10 1.8 3.24
    4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the
    corresponding probability.
    (X) P(X) X•P(X) 𝑿 − 𝝁 𝑿−𝝁 𝟐 𝑿−𝝁 𝟐 •P(X)

    0 1/10 0 -2.2 4.84 0.484


    1 2/10 2/10 -1.2 1.44 0.288
    2 3/10 6/10 -0.2 0.04 0.012
    3 2/10 6/10 0.8 0.64 0.128
    4 2/10 8/10 1.8 3.24 0.648
    5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4. The result is
    2 2
    the value of the variance. 𝜎 = Σ 𝑋 − 𝜇 •P(X)
    (X) P(X) X•P(X) 𝑿 − 𝝁 𝑿−𝝁 𝟐 𝑿−𝝁 𝟐 •P(X)

    0 1/10 0 -2.2 4.84 0.484


    1 2/10 2/10 -1.2 1.44 0.288
    2 3/10 6/10 -0.2 0.04 0.012
    3 2/10 6/10 0.8 0.64 0.128
    4 2/10 8/10 1.8 3.24 0.648
    𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
    6. Get the square root of the variance to get the
    standard deviation.

    𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔
    𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
    Formula for the Variance and Standard Deviation
    of a Discrete Probability Distribution

    2 2
    𝜎 =Σ 𝑋−𝜇 •P(X)

    𝜎= Σ 𝑋−𝜇 2 •P(X)
    Alternative Procedure in Finding the Variance
    and Standard Deviation
    1. Find the mean of the probability distribution.
    2. Multiply the square of the value of the random
    variable X by its corresponding probability.
    3. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.
    4. Subtract the square of the mean from the results
    obtained in Step 3 to get the variance.
    1. Find the mean
    (X) P(X) X•P(X)

    0 1/10 0
    1 2/10 2/10
    2 3/10 6/10
    3 2/10 6/10
    4 2/10 8/10
    𝜇 = ΣX•P(X)=2.2
    2. Multiply the square of the value of the random
    variable X by its corresponding probability.

    (X) P(X) X•P(X) 𝑿𝟐 •P(X)


    0 1/10 0 0
    1 2/10 2/10 2/10
    2 3/10 6/10 12/10
    3 2/10 6/10 18/10
    4 2/10 8/10 32/10
    3. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2

    (X) P(X) X•P(X) 𝑿𝟐 •P(X)


    0 1/10 0 0
    1 2/10 2/10 2/10
    2 3/10 6/10 12/10
    3 2/10 6/10 18/10
    4 2/10 8/10 32/10
    𝜮𝑿𝟐 •P(X) = 𝟔. 𝟒
    4. Subtract the square of the mean from the results
    obtained in Step 3 to get the variance.
    𝝈𝟐 = 𝜮𝑿𝟐 •P(X) − 𝝁𝟐
    𝝈𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟒 − (𝟐. 𝟐)𝟐
    𝟐
    𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 (𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆)

    𝝈 = 1.56 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓(𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏)


    ACTIVITY 2: Number of Heads
    When three coins are tossed, the probability
    distribution for the random variable X representing the
    number of heads that occur is given below. Compute the
    variance and standard deviation of the probability
    distribution.
    No. of Heads (X) Probability P(X)
    0 1/8
    1 3/8
    2 6/8
    3 3/8
    ACTIVITY 3: Number of Items Sold
    The number of items sold per day at a retail store,
    with its corresponding probability, is shown in the table.
    Find the variance and standard deviation.
    No. of Items Sold (X) Probability P(X)
    19 0.20
    20 0.20
    21 0.30
    22 0.20
    23 0.10

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