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How to write RTI applications

Samples of RTI
Write an RTI Seeking clarification on any changes in the academic curriculum and the reasons
behind them.
To,
The Public Information Officer
Shyam Lal College (Eve)
University of Delhi
Shahdara
Delhi-31
Date: 12th December, 2023

Subject: Request for Information under section 6(1) of RTI Act.


Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to you under the provisions of the Right to Information Act, seeking clarification on
any recent changes made to the academic curriculum in English GE course. I am interested in
understanding the modifications and the reasons behind them to gain insight into the
educational policies and planning.
I kindly request the following information:
1. Details of any recent changes made to the academic curriculum for [mention the specific
courses or programs] during the 2022-23
2. The reasons or factors that prompted these changes, including any internal or external
considerations that influenced the decision-making process.
3. Information on the consultations or discussions, if any, conducted with faculty, students, or
relevant stakeholders before implementing the changes in the curriculum.
4. Documentation or reports that provide an overview of the anticipated benefits or outcomes
expected from the revised curriculum.
I believe that transparency in these matters is essential for the stakeholders to comprehend the
educational framework and to ensure that changes are made with the best interests of the
students in mind.
RTI application fees of Rs. 10 is attached as demand draft.
Thank you for your attention to this request. I look forward to receiving the requested
information within the stipulated timeframe as per the Right to Information Act.

Sincerely,

Raman Ahuja
Mayur Vihar, Phase-1
Pocket-A, 110036

Write an RTI Inquiring about the process and criteria for selecting participants in
extracurricular activities.
To,
The Public Information Officer
Shyam Lal College (Eve)
University of Delhi
Shahdara
Delhi-31
Date: 12th December, 2023
Subject: Request for Information under section 6(1) of RTI Act.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to you under the provisions of the Right to Information Act, seeking details on the
process and criteria followed for selecting participants in extracurricular activities within English
Department of Shyam Lal college (Eve). I believe that understanding these procedures is crucial
for transparency and fairness in student involvement.
I kindly request the following information:
1. A detailed outline of the process employed for selecting participants in extracurricular
activities, including the steps involved from announcement to final selection.
2. Clear criteria used for assessing and shortlisting candidates for various extracurricular
programs or events.
3. Information on whether the selection process involves any form of audition, interview, or
evaluation, and if so, the specific parameters considered.
4. Any documentation or guidelines provided to students regarding their eligibility and
participation in extracurricular activities.
I believe that sharing this information will enhance transparency and help ensure that the
selection process for extracurricular activities is equitable and accessible to all eligible students.
RTI application fees of Rs. 10 is attached as demand draft.
Thank you for your attention to this matter. I anticipate receiving the requested information
within the stipulated timeframe as per the Right to Information Act.

Sincerely,
Amit Verma
2343, Dilshad Garden
Shahdara, 110034

Write an RTI seeking details on the allocation of budget and resources for student welfare
programs.
To,
The Public Information Officer
Shyam Lal College (Eve)
University of Delhi
Shahdara
Delhi-31
Date: 12th December, 2023

Subject: Request for Information under section 6(1) of RTI Act.


Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to you under the Right to Information Act, seeking details on the allocation of
budget and resources for student welfare programs in [Name of the Educational Institution or
Department]. I believe that transparency in this matter is crucial for understanding the initiatives
and support systems in place for the well-being of the students.
I kindly request the following information:
1. The total budget allocated for student welfare programs in the academic year 2022-23
2. A breakdown of the budget, specifying the allocation for various student welfare activities,
such as counseling services, health programs, career guidance, etc.
3. Details on any collaborative efforts with external organizations or agencies in providing
student welfare services, including the associated budget allocation.
4. Information on the utilization of the allocated budget, highlighting the major initiatives
undertaken for student welfare during the specified period.
I believe that providing this information will contribute to fostering accountability and
transparency within the educational institution. Please provide the requested details within the
stipulated timeframe as per the Right to Information Act.

RTI application fees of Rs. 10 is attached as demand draft.


Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. I look forward to receiving the requested
information at the earliest.

Sincerely,
Rahul Verma
2149, Kailash Nagar,
Delhi-32

How to write FIR applications


Sample of FIR
Your mobile phone has been stolen while you were travelling to the college in a bus. You need
to register an FIR in the nearest police station in order to apply for the duplicate SIM card.
Write an application to the police station to register an FIR for the same.

Rohit Sharma
S/o Sunder Sharma
House No- 132, Dilshad Gardern
New Delhi-110032
Ph no- 9875644674
Email- Rohit@gmail.com

15th December, 2023

To,
The Officer-in-Charge,
Police Station
Shahdara
New Delhi-110032
Subject: Application to Register an FIR for the Loss of my Mobile Phone along with SIM card
Respected Sir/ Madam
I, Rohit Sharma, resident of Dilshad Garden, would like to report the theft of my mobile phone,
Samsung Galaxy with IMEI number 867595758347465868. The incident occurred on 14 th
December,2023 at approximately 9:00 am in the vicinity of my college, Shyam Lal.
The details of the incident are as follows:
1. Incident Details:
- Nature of the Incident: Theft of mobile phone
- Date and Time of Incident: 14th December, 2023, 9:00 am
- Location of Incident: Near Shyam Lal college

2. Phone Details:
-Model: Samsung Galaxy
- IMEI Number: 867595758347465868
- Colour: Black
- Unique Identifying Marks: Heart shape sticker at the back
3. Circumstances of Theft:
- I was traveling in the DTC bus in the morning from Dilshad Garden to my college at Shahdara,
my mobile phone has been stolen. I checked at 9:00 am when I was getting down the bus, but
my phone was not with me.
4. Identity of the accused : Not known
5. Witness: None
6. Immediate Actions Taken:
I informed the security personnel and tried to track the phone using any tracking applications.
To avoid misuse of the phone and make a request to block the SIM card, I need to register a
complaint with your police station. I seek your help and request you to register an FIR for the
same and provide a copy for the same to apply to block the SIM card and get the duplicate one
issued. I shall be very thankful to you for this act.
Enclosed with this report is a copy of my photo identification for verification purposes.
Thank you for your immediate attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
Rohit Sharma

You witnessed the incident of road rage while coming home. Write an FIR sharing all the
relevant information about the incident.

Mahek Sharma
2343, Geeta Colony
New Delhi-110034

To,
The Officer in Charge,
Police Station
Gandhi Naagar
Delhi-32

Subject: First Information Report (FIR) for Road Rage Incident


Respected Sir/Madam,
I, Mahek Sharma, aged 35, residing at Geeta colony, would like to report a road rage incident
that I witnessed on 15th December 2023 at approximately at 2:30 at kadkadooma, while I was
returning my home. The details of the incident are as follows:
1. Date and Time of Incident: 15th December 2023, 2:30 pm
2. Location of Incident: kadkadooma road
3. Description of Vehicles Involved: A blue sedan (license plate XYZ 123) and a white SUV
4. Description of the Incident: While driving home on Main Street during rush hour, I witnessed
a road rage incident on 15th Dec, 2023. A blue sedan (license plate XYZ 123) abruptly cut off a
white SUV, nearly causing a collision. The SUV driver honked in response, leading to an
aggressive exchange of gestures and words between the two drivers. The situation escalated
when both vehicles came to a stop at a traffic light, and the drivers engaged in a physical
altercation, with the blue sedan driver forcefully hitting the SUV's side mirror. Other drivers,
including myself, were alarmed by the aggressive behavior, and I decided to report this incident
due to its potential threat to public safety.

I request your prompt intervention in this matter to ensure the safety and security of all road
users. I am willing to cooperate fully in the investigation and provide any additional information
required.
I hereby affirm that the information provided is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Mahek Sharma
[Your Contact Number]
[Your Signature]

How to write consumer complaint Letters:


You recently bought a refrigerator but it is not function properly. Write a consumer complaint
letter to the manufacture explaining your grievance with the product.
Megha Jain
2132, Kailash Colony
Streetno-8
Delhi
Email- megha@gmail.com

15th December, 2023

To
The Manufacturer
Samsung

Subject: Formal Complaint Regarding Defective Refrigerator


Dear Manufacturer,
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the refrigerator I recently purchased from your
company. My purchase details are as follows:
- Product: Samsung 183L
- Purchase Date: 15th December, 2023
- Invoice/Receipt Number: 12354647
Unfortunately, I have encountered significant issues with the performance of the refrigerator
since its installation. It is not functioning properly like its not cooling properly, giving unusual
noises, etc.
I have made multiple attempts to resolve these concerns through your customer service
department. Despite my efforts, the issues persist, and the refrigerator fails to meet the
expected standards of functionality and performance.
I understand that no product is entirely free from defects, but the frequency and severity of the
problems I am experiencing are unacceptable for a product of this nature. As a consumer, I have
a reasonable expectation that the appliances I purchase will operate correctly, and this
refrigerator has failed to meet that expectation.
I kindly request that you address and rectify these issues promptly. I expect a resolution within
15 days from the date of this letter. If my concerns are not addressed satisfactorily, I may be
forced to explore alternative avenues for resolution, including filing a complaint with consumer
protection agencies.
I appreciate your immediate attention to this matter and hope for a swift and satisfactory
resolution.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

You have applied for the Birth certificate but your application was rejected without any valid
reason. Write a complaint letter.
[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[City, State, ZIP Code]
[Email Address]
[Phone Number]
[Date]

Municipal Corporation of [City Name]


[Address of the concerned department]
[City, State, ZIP Code]

Subject: Formal Complaint Regarding Rejection of Birth Certificate Application


Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction and concern regarding the recent rejection of my
application for a birth certificate. The details of my application are as follows:
- Applicant's Name: Megha jain
- Date of Birth: 26th February, 1984
- Application Reference Number: AD-23456789
I submitted the necessary documents and information as required for the issuance of a birth
certificate. However, to my surprise, my application was rejected without clear explanation or
specific details regarding the reasons for the rejection.
I am deeply troubled by this rejection, as obtaining a birth certificate is crucial for various official
and personal matters. I have reviewed the submitted documents, and as far as I am aware, they
comply with the necessary requirements.
I kindly request that you provide a detailed explanation for the rejection of my application. If
there are specific deficiencies in my submission, please specify them so that I can rectify the
issues and resubmit the application promptly.
I understand that the Municipal Corporation is committed to providing efficient and transparent
services to the residents. I hope that this matter can be resolved promptly and that I can receive
the necessary guidance to ensure a successful issuance of my birth certificate.
I appreciate your attention to this matter and look forward to a swift and satisfactory resolution.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]

There is a problem of excessive stray cows in your area. They are causing lot of inconvenience
to the residents of the area. Write a complaint letter regarding the same.
Ashok Yadav
House No- 127
Keshav Puram
New Delhi-110035
Mob: 9876543455
Email: ashok@gamil.com

13th December, 2023

Municipal Corporation of Delhi


New Delhi
Subject: Formal Complaint Regarding Excessive Stray Cows Causing Inconvenience
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to bring to your attention a matter of great concern regarding the increasing
presence of stray cows on the roads in our locality. The inconvenience caused by these animals
has become a persistent issue, and I believe it requires urgent attention and resolution.
The frequent appearance of stray cows poses several hazards and inconveniences to both
pedestrians and motorists. These include:
1. Traffic disruptions and congestion due to cows wandering on the roads.
2. Potential accidents and safety hazards for drivers and pedestrians alike.
3. Damage to public and private property as a result of stray cows.
I understand the importance of addressing the issue of stray animals for the safety and well-
being of the community. Therefore, I request the Municipal Corporation to take immediate
action to round up these stray cows and relocate them to a more suitable environment.
Additionally, I propose implementing preventive measures such as better fencing and stricter
regulations to prevent the recurrence of this problem.
I trust that the Municipal Corporation is committed to ensuring the safety and convenience of its
residents. I appreciate your prompt attention to this matter and look forward to seeing positive
changes in our community.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Sincerely,
Ashok Yadav

There is a problem of excessive stray dogs in your area. They are causing lot of inconvenience
to the residents of the area. Write a complaint letter regarding the same.

Vinod Mehta
House No- 127
Krishna Nagar
New Delhi-110035
Mob: 9876543455
Email: vmehta@gamil.com

Subject: Formal Complaint Regarding Excessive Stray Dogs Causing Inconvenience


Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to bring to your attention a pressing issue concerning the rising population of stray
dogs on the roads in our locality. The presence of these stray dogs has been causing significant
inconvenience and safety concerns for the residents, and I believe immediate action is necessary
to address this matter.
The problems associated with the increasing number of stray dogs include:
1. Safety hazards for pedestrians and cyclists due to aggressive behavior.
2. Disturbance and fear among residents, especially children and the elderly.
3. Public health concerns related to the spread of diseases.
I understand the challenges associated with managing stray animal populations, and I appreciate
the efforts of the Municipal Corporation. However, it is essential that we take decisive action to
mitigate the inconvenience and potential dangers posed by the presence of stray dogs.
I request the Municipal Corporation to implement measures such as increased animal control
patrols, sterilization programs, and community awareness initiatives to address this issue
effectively.
Ensuring the safety and well-being of the community is of utmost importance, and I trust that
the Municipal Corporation will take the necessary steps to resolve this matter promptly.
Thank you for your attention to this pressing concern.
Sincerely,
Vinod Mehta

Ashoka tree located in front of your resident got infected. Write a consumer complaint letter
to remove the tree.
Seema Gupta
House No- 127
Mayur Vihar
New Delhi-110035
Mob: 9876543455
Email: sgupta@gamil.com

Subject: Request for Urgent Attention: Diseased Ashoka Tree Removal


Dear Sir/Madam,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to bring to your attention a matter that requires
immediate consideration and action. The Ashoka tree located in front of my residence at [Your
Address] has unfortunately become infected and poses a potential threat to the safety of the
residents and property.
Observing the visible signs of disease, including wilting leaves and evident decay at the base, it
has become clear that the tree is in a compromised condition. To mitigate any risk and prevent
further damage, I kindly request the Municipal Corporation's prompt assistance in evaluating
the situation and arranging for the removal of the Ashoka tree.
I understand the importance of preserving greenery in our community, but the deteriorating
health of this particular tree necessitates its removal to ensure the safety of the surroundings. I
trust that the Municipal Corporation will assess the situation promptly and take the necessary
steps to address this concern.
Your cooperation in this matter is greatly appreciated, and I look forward to a swift resolution to
ensure the well-being and safety of the residents in our locality.
Thank you for your attention to this urgent matter.
Sincerely,
Seema Gupta

You recently read Salma's book, The Hour Past Midnight. Write a review of the book in about
200 words.

Title of the Book: The Hour Past Midnight

Author: Salma
Publisher: Zubaanl
Place of Publication: New Delhi
Year of Publication: 2009
Price: Rs 495
ISBN: 478978-81-89884-66-6

Introduction
"The Hour Past Midnight" is written by Salma. It portrays the Muslim women, their way of living:
how they celebrate festivals, perform daily prayers and rituals. The book traces the lives of not
only Muslim women, but also of their children and omnipresent omnipotent men. It depicts how
Muslim women are exploited at the name of religion.

Background
The book has been translated into English by Lakshmi Holmstrom from Salma's Tamil book,
Irandaam Jaamangalin Kathai. Salma is her pseudo name. Her original name is Raasathi A.
Rokiah. The story is set in a small south Indian town located in central Tamil Nadu. Salma herself
belongs to a small town which is located near Tiruchi. She describes the condition of Muslim
women through her memories. The book contains autobiographical tone.

Characters
Salma has introduced various characters in the book to present her views. Rabia, the inno cent
girl, touches readers' hearts. Wahida goes to her in-laws' house with a fairy tale dream. but finds
totally different reality. Firdaus is forced to marry an older man, but shows courage and walks
out of the marriage. Fatima defies social norms and elopes with a Hindu boy. Other than Muslim
characters, there are Hindu characters as well. The characters challenge the rigid norms of
society, and present examples for others.

My Thoughts
The book raises voice against Patriarchal society. It depicts how women are confined within
their homes at the name of religion. The book also portrays the double standard of society Men
are allowed to follow polygamy in marriage, but girls have no say in the selection of marriage
partner. Wealth and property are the only base of marriage. Salma portrays how religious
morality can result in a twisted morality where rights are confiscated at the name of religion.
The story is compact. Characters present author's views firmly. In my opinion, the book has
achieved its objective and is worth reading.

Q. You recently read Shakespeare's Play, Macbeth. Write a review of the play your college
magazine.

Book: Macbeth
Author: William Shakespeare
Genre: Play
Publisher: Wordsworth Editions Limited
Place of Publication: Lonon
Year of Publication : 2005
ISBN: 128 978-1-45326-4353

Introduction
Macbeth has the usual features of a Shakespearean tragedy is a highly complex work of art and
a number of themes and ideas stand out of it. It studies the nature of kinship, and presents
contrasted portraits of good and wicked kings. It is not only the shortest play of Shakespeare,
but also the one in which poetic justice is meted out in the end. Shakespear has introduced
witches in the play. The hero turns into a villain, but retains sympathy as well . It is a great
tragedy with many distinctive features.

Characters
Macbeth, the tragic hero, and his Queen. Lady Macbeth, are the two central figures in play.
Some other characters are- Banquo, Duncan, Malcolm, and Macduff. Besides these human
figures, there are supernatural elements the three witches, and the ghost of murdered Banquo.
The supernatural elements have been closely integrated with characters and action.
Shakespeare's originality seems in supernatural atmosphere, especially the int scene of witches,
in sleep-walking scene, and in the Apparition-scene.

Historical Context

The play was composed in 1606. It was staged for the first time in the same year. It was written
specially in the honour of the visit of King James Brother-in-law, King Christian of Denmark. The
action takes place in Scotland, but in Act IV. scene ill, it shifts to London Macbeth is not a history
play, rather one of the matured tragedies of the world. Macbeth ruled Scotland for over ten
years, but from the play we get the impression that his rule lasted only for a few weeks.

Writing Style

Shakespeare has blended language and imagery meticulously. There is a torrent of metphors
which leaves the reader with an impression of richness. Many of the images are symbolic.
Eloquence language is remarkable.

My Thoughts
Macbeth is a remarkable piece of work. It depicts the struggle of Good and Evil forces for hero’s
soul. The hero acquires more and more self-knowledge till he dies. The first half of the play
depicts Macbeth's rise to power while the second half shows his fall. The witches prompt the
action that is to follow, and give outward expression to the evil already working is Macbeth's
mind. It depicts how power and ambition can blind a person, and turn him evil. The play is
incredibly well-woven in terms of characterization, plot twists and super natural. The play is
worth reading.

You watched the movie '3 Idiots' recently. Write a review of the movie. Mention the Producer,
Director, actors, and duration of the movie.

Movie: 3 Idiots
Producer: Vidhu Vinod Chopra
Director: Rajkumar Hirani
Star Cast: Aamir Khan, Madhavan, Sharman Joshi, Kareena Kapoor, Boman Irani. Omi Vaidya,
Mona Sing. Javed Jaffrey, Parikshat Sahni.
Music Director: Shantanu Moitra
Date of Release: 25 December 2009
Duration: 2 hours 50 minutes
Language: Hindi

Introduction

"3 Idiots" is one of Aamir Khan's best movies. It has been co-written, edited and directed by
Rajkumar Hirani, and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra. The movie is based on Chetan Bhagat's
novel- Five Point Someone. It has been best rated by all the critiques. The movie is based on
college life. The 3 friends have played their roles with perfection. The friends are not idiots;
rather they are students of an Engineering College who believe in 'I'll do it on my terms.
Theme
The movie is based on the theme: "Life is all about listening to your heart and chasing to your
dreams!

Story
The story revolves around Aamir Khan who plays the character of Rancho. He is the main
character, and other characters revolve around him. The movie begins with his entry in the
college. The story swings between Rancho's romance with Pia, and his clash with the director
and Pia's father, Viru Sahastrabudhhe.

Hirani balances the rough and smooth incidents beautifully. The story is full of funny incidents.
The culmination to the film is novel and a master stroke from the writing point of view.
The movie has received universal critical acclaim. Each contributor has given his/her best.
Shantanu Moitra's music seems ordinary to ears, but when viewed on screen, it is perfect. The
choreography is eye catching. The delivery of dialogues is exemplary. The movie is emotional,
entertaining and enlightening. It gives a strong message that one should believe in work. One
should listen to one's heart and act accordingly. The movie has excellent youth appeal and is
worth watching again and again.

Punctuation marks
 Full Stop: What is called “Full stop” in British English is termed as a “Period”
in American English which is symbolized by a (.) and is usually used at the end
of a sentence expressing a statement.
For example: I was playing a new game in my Xbox console (.)
The sentence is a statement and this at the end of the sentence a full stop is
used.
Full stop is also used in Abbreviations.
Examples: Mr. , Mrs. , Corp. , Ltd. , Etc.
 Comma (,): Comma is where there is a small pause while speaking a sentence.
Some of the uses of comma are –
(a) when we are giving a list in writing, we usually use comma, such as “milk,
bread, jam and butter”
(b) In direct speech, before the dialogue, for example, Meena said, “Let’s go for a
movie.”
(c) Often to mark out additional information comma is used, for example,
“William Wordsworth, a Romantic poet and a poet laureate, was a lover of
nature.”
 Semicolon (;): Semicolon is used in the following circumstances –
(a) Separate two related sentences where there is no conjunction (such as
“and” or “but”), and where using only a comma would be ungrammatical.
Example: She is a good singer; she has released many music albums.
(b) Organizes syntax thought where many commas are used Example: We
bought stationery items such as pen, pencils, erasers; medicines like
Saridon and Rantac.
 Colon (:): Colon is used in the following cases –
(a) To Separate statements which are in dramatic opposition, such “Man
proposes: God disposes.”
(b) To starts list: Example, Store: (a) Pens, (b) Pencils (c) Notebooks.
(c) To Separate characters forming a dialogue, for example, “Ram: “How do
go to College?”
 Quotations (“...”): Quotation marks are used to quote someone or some
speech or writing. For Example: Jadu said, “I will be in the mall before noon.”
 Dashes and brackets/parentheses ( — ( ) ): Dashes are used in writing to
separate a comment (i.e. a parenthetical remark) from the rest of the sentence.
For example, “One week later — who knows why — she made a decision to
join the office.”
 The apostrophe (’): Apostrophes are used in genitive forms, contracted forms,
abbreviations and plurals of abbreviations, For example, the workers'
complaints, We landed at Delhi Int’l Airport or the CEO’s of the two
companies.
 Capital letters: Capital letters are used in the following circumstances:
(a) at the beginning of sentences and quotations
(b) for names of people, places, works of literature, the days of the week, the
months, nationalities, and all the planets except the earth (but not for the
sun, the moon or the seasons)
 The hyphen ( - ): Hypens are used in a number of cases such as
a. Compound nouns - example, a passer-by (plural passers-by)
b. Compound adjectives - example a ten-kilometer journey, a two-minute silence
c. Coordination compounds- example staff-student ratio
d. Numerals and fractions- example twenty-two, two-thirds
e. Prefixes- example anti-terrorist, anti-colonial, etc.
 The Exclamation Mark (!): Exclamation marks are used when we are too
happy or sad about something which is done to suggest and signal emotions
such as surprise, anger, interest, fear etc. For example, “That’s great!”, “Be
careful!”, “You idiot!”
 The Question mark (?): The question mark indicates a question, such as,
“Where do you stay?”, “What’s your name?”, etc.
 The slash (/): The slash (/) is used as a punctuation to indicate a series of
alternatives (equivalent to either/or and and/or), in contrast to the use of the
hyphen to signal coordination. for example, The actor /actress.
 The triple dot (suspension point — dot dot dot) (…): Often while reading
research papers and other significant documents you will notice that three
dots (…) are used within quotation marks or at the end of sentences. This is
done for two purposes –
(a) Within quotation marks, it is used to suggest that some words are missing
within the quotation. For example, “Life is a tale told by an idiot …. Signifying
nothing.”
(b) The three dots (…) can come at the end of the sentence to suggest that the
sentience was incomplete.
Now that you have learnt about the various punctuation marks that are commonly used
in English language to punctuate the writing (both formal and informal) you should
practice more and more to understand the ways in which you can use them properly in
your writing. Merely theoretical knowledge will not help in making yourself better in
this business.

Exercises
Here is a list of sentences without any punctuation marks, punctuate them and
rewrite:
(a) Shyam is going to school by bus, though he loves to go by car.
(b) Wow! Thats a nice jacket!
(c) The more you eat; the more you become healthy
(d) He said, “Bring me an umbrella, it will rain soon”.
(e) The sound of rain, the smell of drops of rain on parched mud and the cool
wind on the faces of the kids playing in the ground after a harsh summer, was
a sight to be enjoyed

Rewrite the following paragraphs using correct punctuation marks:

Lucas entered the room and saw a peculiar object on the shelf What could it be he
thought he cautiously approached and discovered an antique pocket watch it gleamed
with a timeless beauty a mysterious aura surrounded it he gently picked it up and heard a
faint ticking as if it held the whispers of bygone eras
Lucas entered the room and saw a peculiar object on the shelf. "What could it be?" he
thought. He cautiously approached and discovered an antique pocket watch. It gleamed
with a timeless beauty, a mysterious aura surrounded it. He gently picked it up and heard a
faint ticking, as if it held the whispers of bygone eras.

as the storm raged outside the old mansion the occupants huddled in fear the wind
howled like a banshee the rain battered against the windows and lightning illuminated the
dark corridors the flickering candlelight cast eerie shadows on the walls whispers echoed
through the halls a sense of impending doom hung thick in the air

As the storm raged outside the old mansion, the occupants huddled in fear. The wind
howled like a banshee, the rain battered against the windows, and lightning illuminated the
dark corridors. The flickering candlelight cast eerie shadows on the walls. Whispers echoed
through the halls. A sense of impending doom hung thick in the air.

During the interview the scientist discussed her groundbreaking research on artificial
intelligence she explained the potential benefits and risks of advanced machine learning
techniques she emphasized the importance of ethical considerations in developing AI she
also shared her vision for the future where humans and intelligent machines coexist
harmoniously

During the interview, the scientist discussed her groundbreaking research on artificial
intelligence. She explained the potential benefits and risks of advanced machine learning
techniques. She emphasized the importance of ethical considerations in developing AI. She
also shared her vision for the future: "Humans and intelligent machines can coexist
harmoniously."
How to introduce characters from the text you are reading:
Introducing characters in a text is crucial for engaging readers. You can reveal key details
through a character's actions, dialogue, or a narrator's description. Consider weaving in
physical traits, personality, and relevant background information gradually, allowing readers
to form a connection.
(Tip: we need to provide a detailed description of their appearance and convey their actions
in a way that reflects their personality)
Some examples of the character introduction are as follows:
First example:
In the dimly lit room, Maria sat by the window, her fingers tracing the rim of a coffee cup.
The soft glow revealed strands of silver in her dark hair, hinting at years of wisdom. Her
piercing blue eyes, however, spoke of an unyielding spirit. As she glanced outside, lines
etched on her face told stories of both joy and sorrow. A worn leather journal sat open in
front of her, a testament to a lifetime of experiences waiting to be shared.

Second Example:
James swaggered into the room, his leather jacket slung over one shoulder. Tattoos peeked
out from under the sleeves, each one a chapter of his rebellious past. With a mischievous
grin, he tossed his keys onto the table, leaving an air of unpredictability lingering.

Third Example:
Dr. Emily Turner, the renowned neuroscientist, entered the laboratory with an air of quiet
confidence. Her sharp gaze and precise movements reflected the meticulous mind behind
groundbreaking research. The subtle hum of machinery seemed to harmonize with the
rhythm of her focused thoughts.

Fourth Example:

Across the bustling cafe, Alex sat hunched over a laptop, fingers dancing on the keyboard. A
cascade of curly hair framed a face absorbed in code, illuminated by the glow of multiple
screens. The world seemed to fade away as Alex delved into the digital realm, a master of
algorithms and virtual landscapes.

Fifth Example:
Grace entered the room, her presence commanding attention. A tailored suit accentuated
her poised stature, while the faint scent of lavender followed her. With a clipboard in hand,
she exuded competence, her brisk steps echoing the efficiency of a woman in control.

Sixth Example:
In the quaint bookstore, Mr. Thompson shuffled among shelves, his spectacles perched on
the edge of his nose. A cascade of white hair framed a friendly face weathered by time. The
twinkle in his eyes hinted at a lifetime spent immersed in tales, both read and lived.

Seventh Example:
The door swung open, and Jake sauntered in, guitar strapped across his back. His fingers
absentmindedly strummed invisible chords, and his unruly hair suggested a perpetual battle
against combs. A trail of laughter trailed him, echoing the carefree spirit that seemed to
follow wherever he went.

These examples aim to illustrate various ways characters can be introduced, incorporating
physical details, demeanour, and hints of backstory. These examples showcase diverse ways
to introduce characters, capturing their essence through appearance, behaviour, and subtle
details.

Paragraph Writing:
Brainstorm and plan a rough draft on the theme of “War and terrorism”. Develop the draft
into a proper paragraph.
Rough Draft:
I. Introduction
A. Definition of war and terrorism
B. Historical context
II. Causes of War
A. Political factors
B. Economic factors
C. Social factors

III. Types of Warfare


A. Conventional warfare
B. Unconventional warfare
C. Cyber warfare

IV. Impact of War


A. Human casualties
B. Displacement and refugees
C. Economic consequences

V. Terrorism
A. Definition and characteristics
B. Motivations behind terrorism
C. Forms of terrorism

VI. Counterterrorism Efforts


A. International cooperation
B. Intelligence and surveillance
C. Military responses

VII. Challenges in Combating Terrorism


A. Ideological complexities
B. State-sponsored terrorism
C. Civil liberties concerns
VIII. Conclusion
A. Recap of key points
B. Call for global cooperation in preventing conflict and terrorism

Paragraph on “War and Terrorism”


War and terrorism, two ominous facets of human conflict, have left an indelible mark on
history. War, defined by organized armed confrontations between nations or groups, has
been shaped by intricate political, economic, and social factors. Whether waged
conventionally on battlefields or unconventionally through cyber means, the impact is
profound, resulting in human casualties, mass displacement, and severe economic
repercussions. Simultaneously, terrorism, marked by its deliberate use of violence to instill
fear and achieve political or ideological ends, introduces a different dimension to conflict.
Motivated by a myriad of grievances, terrorists employ unconventional tactics, often
targeting civilians to amplify their message. The consequences of both war and terrorism
reverberate globally, necessitating collaborative efforts for prevention and resolution. In this
complex landscape, international cooperation becomes paramount, emphasizing the
importance of diplomacy, intelligence sharing, and robust counterterrorism measures to
foster a more secure and harmonious world.

Create a rough draft on the topic “Indian Education System” and write a comprehensive
paragraph on the same topic.
Introduction
A. Brief overview of the Indian education system
B. Mention of its significance and challenges

II. Primary Education


A. Enrollment rates and accessibility
B. Quality of education and learning methodologies
III. Secondary Education
A. Examination-centric approach
B. Rote learning vs. holistic education

IV. Higher Education


A. Diversity of universities and institutions
B. Challenges in maintaining global standards

V. Socio-economic Disparities
A. Urban-rural divide
B. Impact on educational opportunities

VI. Technological Integration


A. Use of technology in education
B. Potential benefits and challenges

VII. Vocational Training


A. Importance in aligning education with job market needs
B. Initiatives and their impact

VIII. Conclusion
A. Summary of key challenges and opportunities
B. Call to action for improvements in the Indian education system

Paragraph on Indian Education System


The Indian education system is a complex entity with its own set of challenges and
strengths. In the realm of primary education, strides have been made in increasing
enrollment rates, yet accessibility remains a concern, particularly in rural areas. The quality
of education and prevalent learning methodologies often come under scrutiny, with debates
surrounding the dominance of rote learning and an examination-centric approach. As
students progress to secondary education, the need for a more holistic and creative
educational environment becomes apparent. The diversity of universities and institutions in
higher education reflects India's vast landscape, but maintaining global standards poses a
constant challenge. Socio-economic disparities, especially the urban-rural educational
divide, add another layer of complexity. Addressing these disparities is crucial for ensuring
equal educational opportunities for all. The integration of technology into education is a
promising avenue, though it brings its own set of challenges. Moreover, emphasizing
vocational training becomes imperative to align education with the evolving needs of the
job market. In navigating these intricacies, there is a collective responsibility to bring about
meaningful reforms and enhancements in the Indian education system to equip the youth
for a dynamic future.

Samples of Social Media Profiles


What to include in your social media bio:
Who you are?
What is your work?
Your topic of interest.
What problems you can solve for readers.
Your brand
How someone can contact you.

Write a social media profile of a web designer.

Web Designer Extraordinaire


Welcome to my digital playground! I'm Amit Ahuja, a passionate web designer transforming
ideas into captivating online experiences.
Skills:
- HTML, JavaScript
- Responsive Design
- UI/UX Magic
- Adobe Creative Suite
Philosophy:
"Bringing visions to life, one pixel at a time. Creativity knows no bounds in the digital realm."
Tools of the Trade:
Visual Studio Code, Photoshop
Mission:
Empowering businesses and individuals with visually stunning and user-friendly websites.
Let's turn your dreams into digital reality!
Connect with Me:
- LinkedIn: [YourLinkedInProfile]
- Twitter: [@YourTwitterHandle]

Write a social media profile of an English Teacher.

Passionate English Educator


Hello, language enthusiasts! I’m Manali Malhotra, your friendly guide through the world of
words and wonders.
Exploring Language:
Embark on a journey of words, literature, and eloquence with me. Teaching English is not
just my job; it’s my passion.
Subjects of Expertise:
- Literature Lover
- Grammar Guru
- Creative Writing Coach
Education Philosophy:
“Empowering minds through the beauty of language. Every word has the potential to
create, inspire, and transform.”
Teaching Style:
Engaging lessons, interactive discussions, and a sprinkle of literary magic. Learning should be
an adventure!
Classroom Chronicles:
Follow my journey inside and outside the classroom. Witness the growth of young minds
and the joy of learning.
Connect with Me:
- LinkedIn: [YourLinkedInProfile]
- Twitter: [@YourTwitterHandle]
- Blog: [YourBlogURL]

Write a social media profile of marketing manager.

Strategic Marketing Expert


Greetings, marketers a! I'm Avinash Panday, steering the ship of success in the dynamic
world of marketing.
Areas of Expertise:
- Digital Marketing Dynamo
- Branding Virtuoso
- Campaign Architect

Visionary Approach:
"Turning ideas into impactful campaigns. Marketing is not just about selling; it's about
creating an unforgettable brand experience."

Marketing Mantra:
"Crafting compelling narratives that resonate with the audience – because stories sell."

Project Highlights:
From viral social media campaigns to data-driven SEO triumphs, explore my journey in
elevating brands to new heights.

Connect & Collaborate:


- LinkedIn: [YourLinkedInProfile]
- Twitter: [@YourTwitterHandle]
- Website: [YourWebsiteURL]

Let's Elevate Your Brand:


Ready to amplify your brand's presence? Let's connect at [YourEmail@email.com] for a
marketing makeover.

Write a social media profile of a fitness trainer.


Passionate Fitness Enthusiast & Trainer
Hey fitness fans! I'm [Your friend Harry, your go-to guide on the journey to a healthier,
stronger, and more vibrant you.
Fitness Focus:
- Strength Training Specialist
- Certified Nutrition Coach
- Holistic Wellness Advocate
Philosophy:
"Transforming lives through fitness – because a healthy body is a happy body."
Sweat & Smile Chronicles:
Join me in the fitness adventure! Let's share workout tips, nutritious recipes, and those
triumphant post-workout smiles.
Wellness Wisdom:
Beyond the gym, let's delve into mindfulness, stress management, and holistic well-being.
Connect & Motivate:
- Instagram: [@YourInstagramHandle]
- YouTube: [YourYouTubeChannel]
- Website: [YourWebsiteURL]
Ready for a Fitness Journey?
Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned fitness pro, let's connect at
[YourEmail@email.com]. Together, we'll crush those goals!

Write a social media profile of an Accountant.

Numbers Whisperer & Financial Maestro


Hello financial enthusiasts! I'm Aman Verma, your trusted guide through the world of
numbers, budgets, and financial wisdom.

Financial Wizardry:
- CPA Certified
- Tax Strategy Expert
- Budgeting Pro
Numbers Tell a Story:
"Unlocking financial potential and turning numbers into narratives. Let's navigate the fiscal
landscape together."

Financial Insights:
Explore my feed for tips on tax optimization, financial planning, and staying ahead in the
ever-evolving financial world.

Connect & Collaborate:


- LinkedIn: [YourLinkedInProfile]
- Twitter: [@YourTwitterHandle]
- Blog: [YourBlogURL]

Ready for Financial Excellence?


Questions about taxes, budgeting, or financial strategies? Reach out at
[YourEmail@email.com]. Let's make your finances flourish!

Write a social media profile of a Yoga teacher.

Yoga Alchemist & Mindful Guide


Namaste, beautiful souls! I'm Shanker Awasthi, your dedicated companion on the
transformative journey of yoga and mindfulness.

Yoga Styles:
- Vinyasa Flow Artist
- Yin Yoga Advocate
- Mindfulness Mentor
Philosophy:
"Nurturing the mind, body, and spirit through the ancient art of yoga. Let's breathe, flow,
and find inner balance."

Yoga Asanas in Motion:


Join me in a visual symphony of poses, flows, and serene landscapes. Let's share the beauty
of mindful movement.
Mindful Moments:
Beyond yoga postures, let's explore mindfulness, meditation, and ways to bring tranquility
into our daily lives.

Yoga Retreat Explorer:


Embark on virtual journeys with me as we explore yoga retreats, wellness tips, and the
profound connection between yoga and nature.

Connect & Flow:


- Instagram: [@YourInstagramHandle]
- YouTube: [YourYouTubeChannel]
- Website: [YourWebsiteURL]

Ready for Yoga Magic?


Whether you're a beginner or an experienced yogi, let's connect at [YourEmail@email.com].
Together, let's create a space for serenity and self-discovery.
Write a professional profile of a software engineer.

Puneet Shrivastava
House No. 2631
ABC Nagar, New Delhi-110033
Ph No-867437466647
Email: Punit@gmail.com

About Me:
Experienced software engineer with a passion for developing innovative solutions. Proficient
in full-stack development, with expertise in front-end and back-end technologies. Adept at
collaborating with cross-functional teams to deliver high-quality software applications.
Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, coupled with a commitment to writing clean,
maintainable code.

Skills:
- Languages: Java, Python, JavaScript
- Web Technologies: HTML, CSS, React
- Database: MySQL, MongoDB

Professional Experience:
Senior Software Engineer, XYZ Tech (2018-present)
- Led the development of a customer portal, increasing user engagement by 30%.
- Collaborated with UX/UI designers to implement responsive and user-friendly interfaces.

Software Developer, ABC Solutions (2015-2018)


- Contributed to the design and implementation of a scalable inventory management
system.
- Developed RESTful APIs for seamless integration with third-party services.
- Resolved critical bugs and optimized application performance for enhanced efficiency.

Education:
- Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, University of TechCity (2015)

Certifications:
- AWS Certified Developer – Associate

Projects:
- Implemented a real-time chat application using WebSocket technology.

Professional Memberships:
- Member, Association of Software Professionals

Interests:
- Exploring emerging technologies
- Open source contributions
- Continuous learning through online courses and tech conferences

Contact:
- Email: Puneet. ss@email.com
- LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/PPunit

How to introduce yourself and the others:


you are Neha. Your friend Shalini visits your place. Both of you were together in school.
But after passing the senior secondary exam from Air Force School, Ambala, her father
was transferred to Chennai, hence she also went there. She did B.Tech., in Electronics and
Communication, from a reputed institute situated at Chennai, and got placed as an
engineer in a multinational company. She loves singing and dancing. She is fond of reading
books. She is sweet natured and loving person. She is easy to adapt anywhere, and even
handles critical situations easily. Though she has joined the company, but she wants to
become an IAS officer.
Suddenly your neighbour, Madhu visits your house. You are to introduce your friend to
her.
Hi Madhu! Meet my friend Shalini! We go way back to our school days at Air Force School,
Ambala. After our senior secondary exams, she had to move to Chennai due to her father's
transfer. Shalini pursued B.Tech. in Electronics and Communication from a prestigious
institute in Chennai and landed a job as an engineer in a multinational company.

Beyond her tech-savvy side, Shalini has a passion for singing and dancing, and you'll often
find her immersed in a good book. Her sweet and loving nature makes her easy to get along
with, and she's known for handling even the most critical situations with ease. Despite her
successful career start, she harbors a strong ambition to become an IAS officer. Shalini's
journey from school to engineering and her dreams of civil service reflect her diverse and
determined character.

You are Rohit Sharma. Student of BCom 3rd year. Introduce yourself in your class in front
of the class teacher also mention your strength weakness and long-term goals.
Hello everyone, I'm Rohit Sharma, a commerce student eager to embark on this academic
journey with all of you. Exploring the world of business, finance, and economics is what
drives my passion for commerce. I look forward to engaging discussions, collaborative
learning, and making the most of this educational experience.
In terms of strengths, I pride myself on my analytical skills, attention to detail, and ability to
work well in a team. These qualities have served me well in navigating complex problems
and fostering a collaborative learning environment.
As for weaknesses, I sometimes find it challenging to delegate tasks, as I tend to take on
more than I should. However, I'm actively working on improving my delegation skills to
enhance overall efficiency.
Looking ahead, my long-term goal is to establish a career in financial analysis, leveraging my
commerce education to contribute meaningfully to the business world. I aspire to
continuously enhance my knowledge, possibly pursuing further qualifications like
professional certifications, to stay abreast of industry trends and advancements. Ultimately,
I aim to make a positive impact in the field of finance and contribute to the growth of the
organizations I work with.
Read the below information and introduce the person:
You have been assigned the responsibility to introduce the keynote speaker at a conference.
Read the below information and introduce the person:
Mr. Rahul Bajaj, the renowned businessman, politician, philanthropist and founder of
Bajaj Industries is coming over to deliver a public lecture at a conference on the topic:
Indian industrial policies before liberalization. He has been the chairman of Indian
conglomerate Bajaj Group. He is the grandson of great freedom fighter, businessman and
philanthropist Jamnalal Bajaj. He has been awarded the third highest civilian award-
Padma Bhushan- in 2001. He is an alumnus of Harvard Business School, U.S.A.; St.
Stephen's College, Delhi; Government Law College, Mumbai; Cathedral and John Connon
School. He took over Bajaj Group in 1965 and continued for forty years. He stepped down
from the role of chairman of the group in 2005.
Ladies and gentlemen, it is an honor to introduce our distinguished keynote speaker for
today's conference, Mr. Rahul Bajaj. A luminary in the realms of business, politics, and
philanthropy, Mr. Bajaj is the esteemed founder of Bajaj Industries and served as the
chairman of the illustrious Bajaj Group for four decades. Hailing from a lineage of
visionaries, he is the grandson of the revered freedom fighter and philanthropist Jamnalal
Bajaj.
An alumnus of Harvard Business School, St. Stephen's College, and Government Law College,
Mr. Bajaj's exemplary leadership has left an indelible mark on the Indian industrial
landscape. He played a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of the Bajaj Group and has been
recognized for his contributions with the prestigious Padma Bhushan in 2001.
Today, Mr. Rahul Bajaj will share his wealth of experience and insights on the topic of Indian
industrial policies before liberalization. Please join me in extending a warm welcome to a
true titan of industry, a seasoned politician, and a dedicated philanthropist, Mr. Rahul Bajaj.

Read the below information, and imagining yourself as the person, introduce yourself to
the interviewer.

Rajan Kapoor is a student. He has been pursuing B.Com (Hons) from ABC College of the
University of Delhi. Presently he is in the final year. He is from Ludhiana, Punjab. His
father is a businessman and mother is a school teacher. He passed his secondary and
senior secondary exams from Khalsa Public School, Ludhiana. He likes drawing and
painting. He is a quick learner and self-motivated person. But he takes things lightly and
trusts people easily. His short term goal is to secure a job and learn things. He wants to do
MBA from a reputed institute side by side with his job. His long term goal is to retain an
executive position.
Hello, I'm Rajan Kapoor, a final-year B.Com (Hons) student at ABC College, University of
Delhi. Hailing from Ludhiana, Punjab, I come from a background where my father is a
businessman, and my mother is a dedicated school teacher. Having completed my
secondary and senior secondary education at Khalsa Public School in Ludhiana, I've
developed a passion for drawing and painting.

I consider myself a quick learner and a self-motivated individual, though I have a tendency
to take things lightly and trust people easily. My short-term goal is to secure a job where I
can continuously learn and grow. Concurrently, I aim to pursue an MBA from a reputed
institute to further enhance my skills. Looking ahead, my long-term aspiration is to attain an
executive position, leveraging my education and experiences.

Write a dialogue between a patient and a customer.


Patient: Hi, I've been prescribed this medication. Can you tell me more about it?

Chemist: Of course. This is a common antibiotic. It's essential to complete the full course,
even if you start feeling better.

Patient: Are there any potential side effects I should be aware of?

Chemist: Some people may experience nausea or mild stomach upset. If it persists, consult
your doctor. Also, avoid alcohol during the course.

Patient: How should I take it?

Chemist: Take it with food to minimize stomach discomfort. And don't forget to space it
evenly throughout the day.
Patient: Thanks. Any interactions with my other medications?

Chemist: Let me check. It's advisable to inform your doctor about all your medications to
avoid any potential interactions.

Patient: Got it. And what if I miss a dose?

Chemist: Take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. Never
double up to compensate for a missed one.

Patient: Appreciate your help. Anything else I should know?

Chemist: Stay hydrated, and if you notice any severe reactions, contact your doctor
immediately. Take care!

Write a dialogue between a teacher and a student who has not completed her/his
assignment.
Teacher: Good morning. I noticed your assignment wasn't turned in. Is everything okay?

Student: Morning. Yeah, I just didn't get it done in time.

Teacher: Is there a specific reason? Do you need any help or extra time?

Student: It's just been a hectic week. I could use a bit more time, if that's okay.

Teacher: I understand life gets busy. I'll give you a one-day extension, but make sure to
submit it by tomorrow. Any challenges you'd like to discuss?

Student: No, I think I can manage. Thanks for the extension.


Teacher: Just make sure to communicate if you face any difficulties. It's crucial to stay on top
of assignments.

Write a dialogue writing between a hotel receptionist and a customer.


Receptionist: Good evening! How can I assist you today?

Customer: Hi! I'd like to check in. Reservation under the name Smith.

Receptionist: Certainly, Mr. Smith. Welcome to our hotel. May I have a photo ID and a credit
card for incidental charges?

Customer: Sure, here you go. Are there any amenities or services I should know about?

Receptionist: We offer complimentary breakfast from 7 to 10 AM, and our fitness center is
open 24/7. If you need anything during your stay, feel free to call the front desk.

Customer: Great, thanks. Is there Wi-Fi in the rooms?

Receptionist: Yes, we provide complimentary Wi-Fi access. The network name and password
are in your key card envelope.

Customer: Perfect. Anything noteworthy in the local area?

Receptionist: The concierge can provide recommendations, but there's a fantastic


restaurant just two blocks away. Enjoy your stay, Mr. Smith!

Customer: Thank you. Looking forward to it.

Write a dialogue between a shopkeeper and a customer.


Customer: Good afternoon! I'm looking for a birthday gift for my sister. Any
recommendations?

Shopkeeper: Hello! Certainly, we have a variety of options. Is she into jewelry, fashion, or
perhaps something more practical?

Customer: She loves accessories. Maybe a stylish necklace or bracelet?

Shopkeeper: Excellent choice! We have some beautiful handcrafted necklaces on display.


Let me show you a few options.

Customer: That one with the blue pendant looks lovely. Can I see it up close?

Shopkeeper: Certainly. Here you go. It's made with genuine stones. Any specific length
preference?

Customer: This length should be perfect. How much is it?

Shopkeeper: It's priced at $45. We also offer complimentary gift wrapping. Would you like
that?

Customer: Yes, please. That sounds great. I'll take it!

Shopkeeper: Wonderful! I'll get that wrapped up for you. Is there anything else you need
assistance with?

Customer: No, that's it. Thank you for your help!

Shopkeeper: You're very welcome. If you have any questions later, feel free to ask. Enjoy the
birthday celebration!
What are the Key aspects of intercultural communication ?

1. Cultural Awareness: Developing an awareness of one's own cultural values and


recognizing cultural differences is crucial. This awareness forms the foundation for effective
intercultural communication.

2. Nonverbal Communication: Nonverbal cues such as body language, facial expressions,


and gestures vary across cultures. Understanding and interpreting these cues accurately is
essential for avoiding misunderstandings.

3. Language Sensitivity: Language is a powerful cultural symbol. Differences in language


structure, idioms, and expressions can lead to misinterpretations. Being sensitive to
linguistic variations is vital for successful communication.

4. Cultural Context: Every communication act occurs within a specific cultural context.
Understanding the cultural context helps in grasping the deeper meanings behind words
and actions.

5. Empathy: Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others. In


intercultural communication, being empathetic helps bridge cultural gaps and fosters a
sense of connection.

6. Adaptability: Flexibility and adaptability are key. Adapting communication styles to align
with the cultural preferences of the other party demonstrates respect and facilitates
smoother interactions.

7. Conflict Resolution: Cultural differences may lead to misunderstandings or conflicts.


Effective intercultural communicators are skilled in resolving conflicts by acknowledging
diverse perspectives and finding common ground.

8. Cultural Sensitivity: Respect for cultural diversity is fundamental. Being aware of and
avoiding cultural stereotypes or ethnocentrism promotes a more inclusive and open-minded
approach to communication.
9. Global Awareness: In our interconnected world, intercultural communication is essential
for navigating global interactions, whether in business, education, or interpersonal
relationships.

Successful intercultural communication not only enriches personal relationships but also
plays a crucial role in fostering collaboration, understanding, and harmony in our
increasingly multicultural societies. It's a continuous learning process that requires an open
mind, curiosity, and a genuine appreciation for the richness of diverse human experiences.
Active and passive voice worksheet
Rewrite the following changing the active sentences to passive and passive sentences to
active.

1. The thieves have been arrested by the police.


2. The marvellous performance delivered by the children enthralled us.
3. He has been invited to their party.
4. We have shipped your order.
5. The girl recited the poem beautifully.
6. The guests enjoyed the party.
7. The child impressed everyone with his polite manners.
8. A girl from Chennai won the first prize.
9. The readers like the latest book of the writer.
10. They are painting the walls.
11. The car has been fixed by the mechanic.
12. She accepted their invitation with pleasure.

Someone has already paid the workers.


__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 2. Who wrote that book?
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 3. They taught him Spanish and gave him a word list.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 4. People say that the strike will end soon.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 5. My friend offered me a job at the bank.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 6. The boss asked him to leave the meeting.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 7. Did the proposal interest you?
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 8. They will show the paintings at the exhibition until Monday.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 9. They are repairing the church bells at the moment.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 10.They say that the man is living in London.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 11.You have never watered these plants.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 12.When I entered the room, the teacher was passing out the test instructions.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 13.They treat and cure people at hospitals.
__________________________________________________________________________________
. 14.They haven't seen him since last week.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 15.Everyone says he is a great footballer.
_________________________________________________________________________________ _
___ . 16.The police told her that they had found her lost purse.
__________________________________________________________________________________

They are serving breakfast in the dining room.


__________________________________________________________________________________
________ . 2. They play rugby in all the Commonwealth countries.
__________________________________________________________________________________
________ . 3. You must clean your suit for the ceremony.
__________________________________________________________________________________
________ . 4. The authorities are opening the town health centre next week.
__________________________________________________________________________________
________ . 5. Nobody can beat Liverpool.
__________________________________________________________________________________
________ . 6. After John had repaired the car, he sold it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 7. Steven King wrote the book.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 8. You should send the email today.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 9. The doctor must examine you again.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 10.The company has produced cars since the beginning of the century.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 11.The Egyptians buried pharaohs in pyramids.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 12.They will meet you at the train station.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 13.Has everyone read the instructions?
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ ? 14.The nurse reads the newspaper to the old man every day.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___ . 15.They must have left the documents behind.

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. Use active or passive voice.

1. A lot of old songs ____________________ on the radio last week. (PLAY)

2. The President ____________________________ about the coup in Central America. (JUST

INFORM)

3. If I ____________________ you I wouldn't go to the meeting. (BE)

4. The bank manager told me that the house ________________________ for. (NOT PAY)
5. I _________________________ the guitar since I was in nursery school. (PLAY)

6. Margie is very happy because she __________________________ an engagement ring

from her boyfriend. (JUST RECEIVE)

7. I _______________________ after the children while the garage ________________________ .

(LOOK , REPAIR)

8. When Jane came to the office, she found out that her boss ________________________ .

(ALREADY LEAVE)

9. Please don't interrupt us. We ____________________ an important conversation. (HAVE)

10.I reported to the police that my stamp collection _______________________ the week

before. (STEAL)

11.A short time after the pedestrian _______________________ by the car the ambulance

____________________ . (HIT, ARRIVE)

12.When Mr Kennel entered the room, emails ________________________ by his assistants.

(TYPE)

13.Dad ________________________ for over three weeks. (NOT SMOKE)

14.He normally ____________________ up on his own but yesterday he ____________________

by his mom. (WAKE, WAKE)

15.They usually ____________________ visitors at the hospital. (NOT ALLOW)

16.All the houses in our street _______________________ every year during the Christmas

season. (DECORATE)

17.India _______________________ independence in 1947. (GRANT)

18.They _______________________ in southern Italy since the end of the war. (LIVE)

19.I ______________________ a car by the garage so that I could drive home. (GIVE)

20.Tom's father is an excellent athlete. He ____________________ some sort of sport every

day. (DO

Answers
1. The police have arrested the thieves.
2. We were enthralled by the marvelous performance delivered by the children.
3. They have invited him to their party.
4. Your order has been shipped by us.
5. The poem was beautifully recited by the girl.
6. The party was enjoyed by the guests.
7. Everyone was impressed with the polite manners of the child.
8. The first prize was won by a girl from Chennai.
9. The latest book of the writer is liked by the readers.
10. The walls are being painted by them.
11. The car mechanic has fixed the car.
12. Their invitation was accepted (by her) with pleasure.

Someone has already paid the workers.


The workers have already been paid.
2. Who wrote that book?
Who was that book written by?
3. They taught him Spanish and gave him a word list.
He was taught Spanish and given a word list.
4. People say that the strike will end soon.
The strike is said to end soon.
5. My friend offered me a job at the bank.
I was offered a job at the bank by my friend.
A job at the bank was offered to me by my friend.
6. The boss asked him to leave the meeting.
He was asked (by the boss) to leave the meeting.
7. Did the proposal interest you?
Were you interested by the proposal?
8. They will show the paintings at the exhibition until Monday.
The paintings at the exhibition will be shown until Monday.
9. They are repairing the church bells at the moment.
The church bells are being repaired at the moment.
10.They say that the man is living in London.
The man is said to be living in London.
11.You have never watered these plants.
These plants have never been watered.
12.When I entered the room, the teacher was passing out the test instructions.
When I entered the room the test instructions were being passed out.
13.They treat and cure people at hospitals.
People are treated and cured at hospitals.
14.They haven't seen him since last week.
He hasn't been seen since last week.
15.Everyone says he is a great footballer.
He is said to be a great footballer.
16.The police told her that they had found her lost purse.
She was told (by the police) that her lost purse had been found

List of idioms and Phrases

An idiom is a phrase where the words together have a meaning that is different from the
dictionary definitions of the individual words.

A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush:


Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances
are you might lose everything.

A Blessing In Disguise:
Something good that isn't recognized at first.

A Chip On Your Shoulder:


Being upset for something that happened in the past.

A Dime A Dozen:
Anything that is common and easy to get.

A Doubting Thomas:
A skeptic who needs physical or personal evidence in order to believe something.

A Drop in the Bucket:


A very small part of something big or whole.

A Fool And His Money Are Easily Parted:


It's easy for a foolish person to lose his/her money.

A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand:


Everyone involved must unify and function together or it will not work out.

A Leopard Can't Change His Spots:


You cannot change who you are.

A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned:


By not spending money, you are saving money (little by little).

A Picture Paints a Thousand Words:


A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words.

A Piece of Cake:
A task that can be accomplished very easily.

A Slap on the Wrist:


A very mild punishment.

A Taste Of Your Own Medicine:


When you are mistreated the same way you mistreat others.

A Toss-Up:
A result that is still unclear and can go either way.

Actions Speak Louder Than Words:


It's better to actually do something than just talk about it.

Add Fuel To The Fire:


Whenever something is done to make a bad situation even worse than it is.

Against The Clock:


Rushed and short on time.
All Bark And No Bite:
When someone is threatening and/or aggressive but not willing to engage in a fight.

All Greek to me:


Meaningless and incomprehensible like someone who cannot read, speak, or understand
any of the Greek language would be.

All In The Same Boat:


When everyone is facing the same challenges.

An Arm And A Leg:


Very expensive. A large amount of money.

An Axe To Grind:
To have a dispute with someone.

Apple of My Eye:
Someone who is cherished above all others.

As High As A Kite:
Anything that is high up in the sky.

At The Drop Of A Hat:


Willing to do something immediately.

Back Seat Driver:


People who criticize from the sidelines, much like someone giving unwanted advice from the
back seat of a vehicle to the driver.

Back To Square One:


Having to start all over again.

Back To The Drawing Board:


When an attempt fails and it's time to start all over.

Baker's Dozen:
Thirteen.

Barking Up The Wrong Tree:


A mistake made in something you are trying to achieve.

Beat A Dead Horse:


To force an issue that has already ended.

Beating Around The Bush:


Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue.

Bend Over Backwards:


Do whatever it takes to help. Willing to do anything.

Between A Rock And A Hard Place:


Stuck between two very bad options.

Bite Off More Than You Can Chew:


To take on a task that is way to big.

Bite Your Tongue:


To avoid talking.

Blood Is Thicker Than Water:


The family bond is closer than anything else.

Blue Moon:
A rare event or occurance.

Break A Leg:
A superstitious way to say 'good luck' without saying 'good luck', but rather the opposite.

Buy A Lemon:
To purchase a vehicle that constantly gives problems or stops running after you drive it away.

Can't Cut The Mustard :


Someone who isn't adequate enough to compete or participate.

Cast Iron Stomach:


Someone who has no problems, complications or ill effects with eating anything or drinking
anything.

Charley Horse:
Stiffness in the leg / A leg cramp.

Chew someone out:


Verbally scold someone.

Chip on his Shoulder:


Angry today about something that occured in the past.
Chow Down:
To eat.

Close but no Cigar:


To be very near and almost accomplish a goal, but fall short.

Cock and Bull Story:


An unbelievable tale.

Come Hell Or High Water:


Any difficult situation or obstacle.

Crack Someone Up:


To make someone laugh.

Cross Your Fingers:


To hope that something happens the way you want it to.

Cry Over Spilt Milk:


When you complain about a loss from the past.
Cry Wolf:
Intentionally raise a false alarm.

Cup Of Joe:
A cup of coffee.

Curiosity Killed The Cat:


Being Inquisitive can lead you into a dangerous situation.

Cut to the Chase:


Leave out all the unnecessary details and just get to the point.

Dark Horse:
One who was previously unknown and is now prominent.

Dead Ringer:
100% identical. A duplicate.

Devil's Advocate:
Someone who takes a position for the sake of argument without believing in that particular
side of the arguement. It can also mean one who presents a counter argument for a position
they do believe in, to another debater.
Dog Days of Summer:
The hottest days of the summer season.

Don't count your chickens before they hatch:


Don't rely on it until your sure of it.

Don't Look A Gift Horse In The Mouth:


When someone gives you a gift, don't be ungrateful.

Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket:


Do not put all your resources in one possibility.

Doozy:
Something outstanding.

Down To The Wire:


Something that ends at the last minute or last few seconds.

Drastic Times Call For Drastic Measures:


When you are extremely desperate you need to take extremely desperate actions.

Drink like a fish:


To drink very heavily.

Drive someone up the wall:


To irritate and/or annoy very much.

Dropping Like Flies:


A large number of people either falling ill or dying.

Dry Run:
Rehearsal.

Eighty Six:
A certain item is no longer available. Or this idiom can also mean, to throw away.

Elvis has left the building:


The show has come to an end. It's all over.

Ethnic Cleansing:
Killing of a certain ethnic or religious group on a massive scale.

Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining:


Be optomistic, even difficult times will lead to better days.
Everything But The Kitchen Sink:
Almost everything and anything has been included.

Excuse my French:
Please forgive me for cussing.

Cock and Bull Story:


An unbelievable tale.

Cock and Bull Story:


An unbelievable tale.

Feeding Frenzy:
An aggressive attack on someone by a group.
Field Day:
An enjoyable day or circumstance.

Finding Your Feet:


To become more comfortable in whatever you are doing.

Finger lickin' good:


A very tasty food or meal.

Fixed In Your Ways:


Not willing or wanting to change from your normal way of doing something.

Flash In The Pan:


Something that shows potential or looks promising in the beginning but fails to deliver
anything in the end.

Flea Market:
A swap meet. A place where people gather to buy and sell inexpensive goods.

Flesh and Blood:


This idiom can mean living material of which people are made of, or it can refer to
someone's family.

Flip The Bird:


To raise your middle finger at someone.

Foam at the Mouth:


To be enraged and show it.
Fools' Gold:
Iron pyrites, a worthless rock that resembles real gold.

French Kiss:
An open mouth kiss where tongues touch.

From Rags To Riches:


To go from being very poor to being very wealthy.

Fuddy-duddy:
An old-fashioned and foolish type of person.

Full Monty:
This idiom can mean either, "the whole thing" or "completely nude".
Funny Farm:
A mental institutional facility.

Get Down to Brass Tacks:


To become serious about something.

Get Over It:


To move beyond something that is bothering you.

Get Up On The Wrong Side Of The Bed:


Someone who is having a horrible day.

Get Your Walking Papers:


Get fired from a job.

Give Him The Slip:


To get away from. To escape.

Go Down Like A Lead Balloon:


To be received badly by an audience.

Go For Broke:
To gamble everything you have.

Go Out On A Limb:
Put yourself in a tough position in order to support someone/something.

Go The Extra Mile:


Going above and beyond whatever is required for the task at hand.
Good Samaritan:
Someone who helps others when they are in need, with no discussion for compensation,
and no thought of a reward.

Graveyard Shift:
Working hours from about 12:00 am to 8:00 am. The time of the day when most other
people are sleeping.

Great Minds Think Alike:


Intelligent people think like each other.

Green Room:
The waiting room, especially for those who are about to go on a tv or radio show.

Gut Feeling:
A personal intuition you get, especially when feel something may not be right.

Haste Makes Waste:


Quickly doing things results in a poor ending.

Hat Trick:
When one player scores three goals in the same hockey game. This idiom can also mean
three scores in any other sport, such as 3 homeruns, 3 touchdowns, 3 soccer goals, etc.

Have an Axe to Grind:


To have a dispute with someone.

He Lost His Head:


Angry and overcome by emotions.

Head Over Heels:


Very excited and/or joyful, especially when in love.

Hell in a Handbasket:
Deteriorating and headed for complete disaster.

High Five:
Slapping palms above each others heads as celebration gesture.

High on the Hog:


Living in Luxury.

Hit The Books:


To study, especially for a test or exam.
Hit The Hay:
Go to bed or go to sleep.

Hit The Nail on the Head:


Do something exactly right or say something exactly right.

Hit The Sack:


Go to bed or go to sleep.
Hocus Pocus:
In general, a term used in magic or trickery.

Hold Your Horses:


Be patient.

Icing On The Cake:


When you already have it good and get something on top of what you already have.

Idle Hands Are The Devil's Tools:


You are more likely to get in trouble if you have nothing to do.

If It's Not One Thing, It's Another:


When one thing goes wrong, then another, and another...

In Like Flynn:
To be easily successful, especially when sexual or romantic.

In The Bag:
To have something secured.

In The Buff:
Nude.

In The Heat Of The Moment:


Overwhelmed by what is happening in the moment.

In Your Face:
An aggressive and bold confrontation.

It Takes Two To Tango:


A two person conflict where both people are at fault.

It's A Small World:


You frequently see the same people in different places.
Its Anyone's Call:
A competition where the outcome is difficult to judge or predict.

Ivy League:
Since 1954 the Ivy League has been the following universities: Columbia, Brown, Cornell,
Dartmouth, Yale, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Harvard.
J

Jaywalk:
Crossing the street (from the middle) without using the crosswalk.

Joshing Me:
Tricking me.

Keep An Eye On Him:


You should carefully watch him.

Keep body and soul together:


To earn a sufficient amount of money in order to keep yourself alive .

Keep your chin up:


To remain joyful in a tough situation.

Kick The Bucket:


Die.

Kitty-corner:
Diagonally across. Sometimes called Catty-Corner as well.

Knee Jerk Reaction:


A quick and automatic response.

Knock On Wood:
Knuckle tapping on wood in order to avoid some bad luck.

Know the Ropes:


To understand the details.

Last but not least:


An introduction phrase to let the audience know that the last person mentioned is no less
important than those introduced before him/her.

Lend Me Your Ear:


To politely ask for someone's full attention.
Let Bygones Be Bygones:
To forget about a disagreement or arguement.

Let Sleeping Dogs Lie:


To avoid restarting a conflict.

Let The Cat Out Of The Bag:


To share a secret that wasn't suppose to be shared.

Level playing field:


A fair competition where no side has an advantage.

Like a chicken with its head cut off:


To act in a frenzied manner.

Liquor someone up:


To get someone drunk.

Long in the Tooth:


Old people (or horses).

Loose Cannon:
Someone who is unpredictable and can cause damage if not kept in check.

Make No Bones About:


To state a fact so there are no doubts or objections.

Method To My Madness:
Strange or crazy actions that appear meaningless but in the end are done for a good reason.

Mumbo Jumbo:
Nonsense or meaningless speech.

Mum's the word:


To keep quiet. To say nothing.

Nest Egg:
Savings set aside for future use.

Never Bite The Hand That Feeds You:


Don't hurt anyone that helps you.

New kid on the block:


Someone new to the group or area.

New York Minute:


A minute that seems to go by quickly, especially in a fast paced environment.

No Dice:
To not agree. To not accept a proposition.

No Room to Swing a Cat:


An unsually small or confined space.

Not Playing With a Full Deck:


Someone who lacks intelligence.

Off On The Wrong Foot:


Getting a bad start on a relationship or task.

Off The Hook:


No longer have to deal with a tough situation.

Off the Record:


Something said in confidence that the one speaking doesn't want attributed to him/her.

On Pins And Needles:


Anxious or nervous, especially in anticipation of something.

On The Fence:
Undecided.

On The Same Page:


When multiple people all agree on the same thing.

Out Of The Blue:


Something that suddenly and unexpectedly occurs.

Out On A Limb:
When someone puts themself in a risky situation.
Out On The Town:
To enjoy yourself by going out.

Over My Dead Body:


When you absolutely will not allow something to happen.

Over the Top:


Very excessive.

Pass The Buck:


Avoid responsibility by giving it to someone else.

Pedal to the metal:


To go full speed, especially while driving a vehicle.

Peeping Tom:
Someone who observes people in the nude or sexually active people, mainly for his own
gratification.

Pick up your ears:


To listen very carefully.

Pig In A Poke:
A deal that is made without first examining it.

Pig Out :
To eat alot and eat it quickly.

Pipe Down:
To shut-up or be quiet.

Practice Makes Perfect:


By constantly practicing, you will become better.

Pull the plug:


To stop something. To bring something to an end.

Pulling Your Leg:


Tricking someone as a joke.

Put a sock in it:


To tell noisy person or a group to be quiet.
Q
Queer the pitch:
Destroy or ruin a plan.

Raincheck:
An offer or deal that is declined right now but willing to accept later.

Raining Cats and Dogs:


A very loud and noisy rain storm.

Ring Fencing:
Seperated usual judgement to guarantee protection, especially project funds.

Rise and Shine:


Time to get out of bed and get ready for work/school.

Rome Was Not Built In One Day:


If you want something to be completely properly, then its going to take time.

Rule Of Thumb:
A rough estimate.

Run out of steam:


To be completely out of energy.

Saved By The Bell:


Saved at the last possible moment.

Scapegoat:
Someone else who takes the blame.

Scot-free:
To escape and not have to pay.

Sick As A Dog:
To be very sick (with the flu or a cold).

Sitting Shotgun:
Riding in the front passenger seat of a car.

Sixth Sense:
A paranormal sense that allows you to communicate with the dead.
Skid Row:
The rundown area of a city where the homeless and drug users live.

Smell A Rat:
To detect somone in the group is betraying the others.

Smell Something Fishy:


Detecting that something isn't right and there might be a reason for it.

Son of a Gun:
A scamp.

Southpaw:
Someone who is left-handed.

Spitting Image:
The exact likeness or kind.

Start From Scratch:


To do it all over again from the beginning.

The Ball Is In Your Court:


It is your decision this time.

The Best Of Both Worlds:


There are two choices and you have them both.

The Bigger They Are The Harder They Fall:


While the bigger and stronger opponent might be alot more difficult to beat, when you do
they suffer a much bigger loss.

The Last Straw:


When one small burden after another creates an unbearable situation, the last straw is the
last small burden that one can take.

The Whole Nine Yards:


Everything. All of it.

Third times a charm:


After no success the first two times, the third try is a lucky one.

Tie the knot:


To get married.
Til the cows come home:
A long time.

To Make A Long Story Short:


Something someone would say during a long and boring story in order to keep his/her
audience from losing attention. Usually the story isn't shortened.

To Steal Someone's Thunder:


To take the credit for something someone else did.

Tongue And Cheek:


humor, not to be taken serious.

Turn A Blind Eye:


Refuse to acknowledge something you know is real or legit.

Twenty three skidoo:


To be turned away.

Under the weather:


Feeling ill or sick.

Up a blind alley:
Going down a course of action that leads to a bad outcome.

Use Your Loaf:


Use your head. Think smart.

Van Gogh's ear for music:


Tone deaf.

Variety Is The Spice Of Life:


The more experiences you try the more exciting life can be.

Wag the Dog:


A diversion away from something of greater importance.

Water Under The Bridge:


Anything from the past that isn't significant or important anymore.
Wear Your Heart On Your Sleeve:
To openly and freely express your emotions.

When It Rains, It Pours:


Since it rarely rains, when it does it will be a huge storm.

When Pigs Fly :


Something that will never ever happen.

Wild and Woolly:


Uncultured and without laws.

Wine and Dine:


When somebody is treated to an expensive meal.

Without A Doubt:
For certain.

X marks the spot:


A phrase that is said when someone finds something he/she has been looking for.

You Are What You Eat:


In order to stay healthy you must eat healthy foods.

You Can't Judge A Book By Its Cover:


Decisions shouldn't be made primarily on appearance.

You Can't Take it With You:


Enjoy what you have and not what you don't have, since when you die you cannot take
things (such as money) with you.

Your Guess Is As Good As Mine:


I have no idea.

Zero Tolerance:
No crime or law breaking big or small will be overlooked.

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