მოქალაქეობა

სოფიო ბაჩილავა
დავით ლოსაბერიძე

მოქალაქეობა
8
მოსწავლის წიგნი

8
moqalaqeoba

VIII
 sarCevi
Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

I nawili - samoqalaqo sazogadoeba

aqtiuri moqalaqeoba da sainiciativo jgufebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1. ra aris samoqalaqo sazogadoeba?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. rogor SeuZliaT aqtiur moqalaqeebs sazogadoebrivi
sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi sakuTari wvlilis Setana? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3. ratom da rogor iqmneba sainiciativo jgufebi?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4. ratom iqmneba da rogor funqcionirebs
arasamTavrobo organizacia?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5. saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

tradiciuli da socialuri media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6. ra aris media da ra funqciebi aqvs mas?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7. ra gansxvavebaa tradiciul da socialur medias Soris? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
8. yalbi informaciis safrTxe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

nawili II - adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba

TviTmmarTvelobis arsi da miznebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
9. ras warmoadgens xelisufleba da ra aris TviTmmarTveloba?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10. rogor unda gvardebodes CvenTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
11. rogor sakiTxebs agvarebs TviTmmarTveloba?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
12. rogor viTardeboda TviTmmarTveloba msoflioSi?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
13. rogoria qarTuli TviTmmarTvelobis istoria?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
14. rogoria TviTmmarTvelobis sistema dRevandel msoflioSi?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
15. TviTmmarTvelobis momxreebi da mowinaaRmdegeni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

TviTmmarTvelobis struqtura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
16. risgan Sedgeba TviTmmarTveloba?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
17. rogor muSaobs TviTmmarTveloba saqarTveloSi? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
18. ra uflebamosilebebi gaaCnia TviTmmarTvelobebs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

moqalaqTa monawileobis formebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

19. ratom monawileoben moqalaqeebi TviTmmarTvelobis
ganxorcielebis procesSi?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
20. rogoria moqalaqeTa monawileobis formebi?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
21. rogor SeuZliaT moswavleebs, monawileobdnen
TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobaSi?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

leqsikoni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

danarTi.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

3
 saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli pirobiTi niSnebi:

ZiriTadi kiTxva

kiTxva

saklaso samuSao

saSinao davaleba

dokumenti

leqsikoni

kompleqsuri davaleba

proeqtze muSaoba

es sainteresoa

4
 Sesavali
saxelmZRvanelo ori nawilisa da 21 paragrafisgan Sedgeba. masSi ganxilulia
ori Tema: „samoqalaqo sazogadoeba“ da „adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba“.
paragrafebis gacnobis Semdeg Tqven:
• gaigebT, ra aris samoqalaqo sazogadoeba;
• gaiazrebT, ratom da rogor iqmneba arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da
sainiciativo jgufebi;
• SeityobT, Tu rogor funqcionirebs sazogadoebrivi institutebi, ra
mniSvneloba aqvs maT saqmianobas sazogadoebisaTvis da, rac mTavaria, Ta­
vad SeecdebiT maTTan TanamSromlobis gzebis moZiebas.
• gaigebT, ra aris adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba da rogor viTardeboda
igi;
• SeityobT, rogoraa mowyobili da rogor moqmedebs TviTmmarTveloba
saqarTveloSi;
• gaiazrebT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania TviTmmarTvelobebTan moqalaqeTa
TanamSromloba da naxavT, Tu rogor, ra formiT SeiZleba miiRoT mona­
wileoba am procesSi.
Temis Seswavlisas aRmoaCenT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis magaliTebs da ga­
igebT, Tu rogor moqmedebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba Tqvens regionSi.
SesaZloa, aq moTxrobil ambebSi sakuTari qalaqi Tu sofeli amoicnoT. saxel­
mZRvaneloSi mocemuli davalebebi ki saSualebas mogcemT, Tavadac gaxdeT samo­
qalaqo sazogadoebis wevri da aqtiuri monawileoba miiRoT adgilob­rivi TviT­
mmarTvelobis saqmianobis procesSi.

5
 I nawili - samoqalaqo sazogadoeba
aqtiuri moqalaqeoba da
sainiciativo jgufebi
1. ra aris samoqalaqo sazogadoeba?
paragrafis gacnobamde gaixseneT, ras niSnavs pirovneba, moqalaqe da sazo-
gadoeba. am sakiTxebis gaxsenebaSi Semdegi kiTxvebi dagexmarebaT:
• rogor yalibdeba pirovneba?
• ra ubiZgebs adamianebs sxvadasxva jgufSi gaerTianebisken?
• ra niSniT irCevs adamiani jgufebs, romlebSic gawevrianeba surs?
• ra aqcevs adamianTa gaerTianebas sazogadoebad?
• vin icavs moqalaqis uflebebs da vis winaSe aqvs mas valdebulebebi?

adamianTa gaerTianebas sazogadoebad saerTo Rirebulebebi, miznebi da in­

teresebi aqcevs. zogi sazogadoebrivi jgufi pataraa, sul ramdenime adamianisgan
Sedgeba (magaliTad, samezoblo), zogi ki imdenad masStaburia, rom erTmaneTs
yvelani arc ki icnoben (magaliTad, maswavlebelTa gaerTianebebi). adamiani erT­
droulad SeiZleba ramdenime jgufis wevri iyos, an Tavad Seqmnas jgufi. xSirad
adamianebs gaerTianebisken saerTo sazogadoebrivi problemebi ubiZgebs. aseTi
problemebi ufro martivad gvardeba, rodesac Zalebi gaerTianebulia. am dros
sxvadasxva sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi aqtiuri
moqalaqeebi monawileoben da TanamSromlo­
ben, rogorc erTmaneTTan, ise xelisufle­
basTan. moqalaqes, romelsac gaazrebuli
aqvs sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebi da mxo­
lod arCevnebSi monawileobiT ki ar Semoi­
fargleba, aramed xSirad iCens iniciativas
da sxvadasxva sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi
monawileobs, aqtiur moqalaqes vuwodebT.

ra aris samoqalaqo sazogadoeba?

samoqalaqo sazogadoebas xSirad mxolod arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
aigiveben. sinamdvileSi is bevrad farTo cnebaa.
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba saxelmwifosa da biznesisgan damoukidebeli sferoa.
is sajaro sivrceSi adamianebis mier nebayof­ samoqalaqo sazogadoeba:
lobiT Seqmnili gaerTianebebis erTobliobaa.
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
oficialurad registrirebuli arasamTavrobo or­ ganizebuli sfero, rome­
organizaciebis garda, samoqalaqo sazogadoe­ lic nebayoflobiTia, TviT­
bad moiazreben aqtiur moqalaqeebs, romlebic warmoqmnadia, TviTganviTa­
gulgrilobas ar iCenen sazogadoebrivi saki­ T­ re­badia, saxelmwifosgan da­­-
xebis mimarT; moxaliseTa mier Camoyalibebul mo­ukidebelia da Sekrulia sa­
kanonmdeblo wesrigiT an ga­
mcire sainiciativo jgufebs, romlebic SeiZle­
ziarebul wesTa erTobliobiT.
ba droebiT gaerTiandnen erTi problemis gada­

6
saWrelad, klubebs, medias (rogorc informaciis gamavrcelebels da ara ro­
gorc bizness) da a.S. samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi Semaval individebs, jgufebsa
Tu organizaciebs sxvadasxva funqcia, mizani da samoqmedo sfero aqvT, Tumca
TiToeuli maTganis saqmianoba did gavlenas axdens sazogadoebasa da xelisuf­
lebaze.
rogorc xedavT, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Semadgeneli jgufebi mraval­
ferovania, maTi saqmianobis sferoebic gansxvavebulia. aseTi jgufebi muSao­
ben kulturul, ekonomikur, saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebze, zrunaven adamianis
uflebebis dacvaze, sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze, sazogadoebrivi problemebis
mogvarebasa da sxv. dauSvebelia, saxelmwifom SezRudos maTi saqmianoba, rode­
sac isini kanonis farglebSi moqmedeben.
Tqven ukve iciT, rom demokratia xalxis
mmarTvelobas niSnavs. demokratiul qveyneb­
Si moqalaqeebi arCevnebSi monawileoben da
irCeven xelisuflebas, romelic angariS­
valdebulia amomrCevelTa winaSe, Tumca es
ar aris erTaderTi, risi gakeTebac moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT. aqtiuri samoqalaqo
sazogadoeba demokratiis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs, pir­
vel rigSi, imiT, rom xels uwyobs moqalaqeTa monawileobas sazogadoebisTvis
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis ganxilvisa Tu gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi.
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi moqalaqeTa CarTuloba ki zrdis gadawyvetileba­
Ta obieqturobas, sandoobas da xelisuflebis moqmedebaTa gamWvirvalobas.
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba Tvalyurs adevnebs xelisuflebis saqmianobas da mis
mier Zalauflebis gamoyenebas. msgavsi monitoringi ki xelisuflebas demokra­
tiuli kursis SenarCunebaSi exmareba.

samuSao 1.1

me-6 gverdze CarCoSi mocemulia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganmarteba. gaecaniT

mas da imsjeleT TiToeul maxasiaTebelze. rogor gesmiT:
organizebuli, nebayoflobiTi, TviTwarmoqmnadi, TviTganviTarebadi, sa­
xel­­mwifosgan damoukidebeli, sakanonmdeblo wesrigiT Sekruli.

samuSao 1.2

me-8 gverdze CarCoSi mocemulia demokratiis ramdenime principi. gaecaniT maT da

imsjeleT:
ratom aris demokratiisTvis es principebi aucilebeli?

me-8 gverdze CarCoSi mocemulia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis funqciebi, rom-

lebic mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebis proces-
Si. gaecaniT maT da imsjeleT:
ra kavSirSia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis funqciebi demokratiis principebTan?
ratom uwyobs es funqciebi xels demokratiis ganviTarebas?
Tqveni azriT, vis SeuZlia Seasrulos es funqciebi?

7
 demokratiis ramdenime samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
maxasiaTebeli ramdenime funqcia

• samarTliani da gamWvirvale • saxelmwifos Zalauflebis kontroli (monito­

ar­­Cevnebi; ringi, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi Car­
Tva);
• angariSvaldebuli da gamWvir­
vale mmarTveloba; • arCevnebis procesze dakvirveba;
• kanonis uzenaesoba; • moqalaqeTa monawileobis zrda sazogadoeb­
riv
da politikur saqmianobaSi;
• adamianis uflebebis pativis­
cema; • demokratiuli Rirebulebebis (tolerantobis,
Tana­sworobis da a.S.) damkvidreba;
• mravalferovneba;
• sazogadoebis informireba, ganaTlebis donis
• Tanasworoba;
gaumjobeseba da sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobi­
• tolerantoba; ereba aqtualuri da mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb (mag., informaciis gavrceleba ekologi­
• sityvis Tavisufleba da infor­
uri problemebis, xelisuflebis gadawyvetile­
maciis xelmisawvdomoba.
bebis, kvle­vis Sedegebis Sesaxeb da a.S.).

samuSao 1.3

gaecaniT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ramdenime adgilobriv da ucxouri magaliTs

da imsjeleT :
rogor SeuZlia rigiT moqalaqes, wvlili Seitanos sazogadoebrivi prob­
lemis gadawyvetaSi?
Tqveni azriT, ratom da rogor iqmneba arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saini­
ciativo jgufebi, mediasaSualebebi?
dafiqrdiT, ra saerTo aqvT am gaerTianebebs?

arasamTavrobo organizacia
arasamTavrobo organizacia fondi `partnio­
roba sagzao usafrTxoebisTvis~ popularizacias
uwevs saqarTvelos gzebze usafrTxo moZraobas
sagzao-satransporto SemTxvevis Sedegad daSave­
bulTa raodenobis Sesamcireblad http://www.
safedrive.ge/

mediasaSualeba
`mTis ambebis~ Jurnalistebi sazogadoe­
bas informacias awvdian saqarTvelos maRal­
mTian regionebSi arsebuli problemebisa da
gamowvevebis Sesaxeb. sazogadoebis informire­
bulobis uzrunvelyofis gziT isini xels uwyo­
ben am problemebis mogvarebis procesSi moqa­
laqeTa CarTulobis zrdas. www.mtisambebi.ge

8
sainiciativo jgufi
feisbuqjgufi „Animal Rescue Collective Craft
Guild” aerTianebs moxaliseebs msoflios sxva­
dasxva kuTxidan, romlebic avstraliaSi xanZris
Sedegad dazaralebuli cxovelebis gadarCenas
cdiloben. magaliTad, daoblebuli kenguruebisa
da koalebisTvis isini CanTebs keraven, Citebis­
Tvis ki budeebs qsoven. kidev bevr sain­tereso
rames naxavT, Tu jgufis saqmianobis gasacnobad maT feisbuqgverds ewveviT.

samuSao 1.4

saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e da 22-e muxlebi gvaniWebs Sekrebisa da gaerTiane-

bebis Tavisuflebas. me-17 muxlis mixedviT ki yvela adamians gvaqvs informaciis
Tavisuflad miRebisa da gavrcelebis ufleba. dafiqrdiT, ra kavSirSia es Canawe­
rebi samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan? konstituciis Sesabamisi muxlebi ixileT
saxelmZRvanelos danarTSi.

samuSao 1.5

uyureT videorgols saxelwodebiT „sazogadoebrivi centri“ an

waikiTxeT qvemoT mocemuli informacia da imsjeleT:
ratom unda uwyobdes saxelmwifo xels samoqalaqo sazogadoe­
bis ganviTarebas?

sazogadoebrivi centrebi
saqarTveloSi arsebobs saxelm­
wifos iniciativiT da evrokavSiris
finansuri mxardaWeriT Seqmnili sa­
zogadoebrivi centrebi. isini mo­
saxleobas saSualebas aZlevs, 200-ze meti momsaxureba adgilidan gausvlelad
miiRon. mravalferovani momsaxurebis (sabuTebis aReba, sakuTrebis damtkiceba da
a.S.) garda, centrebSi gamoyofilia specialuri sivrce samoqalaqo CarTulobis
xelSesawyobad. samoqalaqo sazogadoebas saSualeba aqvs, gamoiyenos sazogadoe­
brivi centri adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan komunikaciis, maTi informirebulobis
amaRlebis, magaliTad, axali momsa­
xure­be­bis, iniciativebis, sa­­ka-
­non­mdeblo cvlilebebis ga­­c­no­
bis mizniT.
sazogadoebrivi centrebis
Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaci­
is mopoveba SegiZliaT maT veb­
gverdze: https://centri.gov.ge/

9
 saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.

#1 moiZieT informacia, vis SeuZlia arCevnebis procesze dakvirveba. infor­

maciis mosapoveblad SegiZliaT, ewvioT saqarTvelos centraluri saarCev­
no komisiis vebgverds _ www.cesko.ge da naxoT bloki saxelwodebiT `CarTu­
li mxareebi~. moZiebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT moamzadeT werilobiTi
angariSi (maqs. 100 sityva), gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs an ganaTavseT e.w. saSin­
ao davalebebis kuTxeSi.

#2 moiZieT informacia, arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi moswavleTa saini­

ciativo jgufebi an klubebi. CawereT interviu maTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
intervius masaliT moamzadeT sainformacio posteri da gaacaniT Tanak­
laselebs an ganaTavseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.

#3 ewvieT sazogadoebrivi centrebis vebgverds da moZebneT sazogadoebrivi

centri Tqven maxloblad: https://centri.gov.ge/ge/centers. informacia werilo­
biTi angariSis (maqs. 100 sityva) formiT gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs an ganaT­
avseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.

xelisuflebis gamWvirvaloba _ gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic mosaxleobas exeba,

masTan SeTanxmebiT da Riad unda iqnes miRebuli; mmarTvelobiTi procedure­
bi gasagebi unda iyos.
monitoringi _ raime procesze sistematuri dakvirveba.

10
2. rogor SeuZliaT aqtiuri moqalaqeebs sazogadoebrivi
sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi sakuTari wvlilis Setana?
paragrafis wakiTxvamde upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
• vin SeiZleba gaxdes samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevri?
• ra niSniT xasiaTdebian samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevrebi?
• ra formiT SeiZleba monawileobdes adamiani qveynis ganviTarebaSi?

wina paragrafSi vimsjeleT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania demokratiis ganviTare­

bisTvis samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, isic aRvniSneT, rom misi arseboba SeuZ­lebeli
iqneboda aqtiuri moqalaqeebis gareSe. aqtiuri moqalaqeebi CarTuli arian sazo­
gadoebriv saqmianobaSi, gulgrilad ar uvlian gverds wamoWril problemebs.
piriqiT, ikvleven TemSi arsebul mtkivneul, rTulad gadasawyvet sakiTxebs da
cdiloben maT mogvarebaSi sakuTari wvlilis Setanas; aqtiuri moqalaqeebi xSi­
rad iseTi problemebis gadaWraSi erTvebian, romlebic piradad maT arc exebaT,
magram mniSvnelovania sazogadoebisTvis. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiurad
CarTuli adamianebis saqmianoba mravalferovania. isini Tvals adevneben maT­
Tvis saintereso procesebs adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso doneze; gamokveTen
arsebul saWiroebebs da gamowvevebs; gegmaven problemebis mogvarebis gzebs;
TanamSromloben samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sxva warmomadgenlebTan; erTvebian
moxaliseobriv saqmianobaSi; atareben advokatirebis kampaniebs; cdiloben sazo­
gadoebis informirebas; miznis misaRwevad qmnian sainiciativo jgufebs, arasam­
Tavrobo organizaciebs da a.S.

samuSao 2.1

gaecaniT kofi ananis, qristine SaraSiZis, jon kenedisa da dimitri uznaZis gamo­
naTqvamebs da imsjeleT:
• ratom aris efeqturi qveynis sasargeblo saqmianobaSi TiToeuli
pirovnebis CarTva?
• ratom aris mniSvnelovani axalgazrdebis monawileoba?
• ratom aris konkretuli qveynisTvis sasikeTo saqmeebi msofliosTvisac
sasikeTo?
• Tqveni azriT, rogor SeuZliaT moqalaqeebs sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi
wvlilis Setana?
„aravin ibadeba karg moqalaqed, arc erTi
eri ar ibadeba demokratiulad. orive
aris procesi, romelic mTeli cxovrebis
ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba. axalgazrde­ bi
am procesSi CarTuli unda iyvnen daba­
debidanve“.
kofi ata anani _ ganeli diplomati
da gaeros generaluri mdivani
1997-2006 wlebSi,
nobelis mSvidobis premiis laureati

11
 „romelime qveynis bedniereba imazea damokidebuli, Tu
ramdenaT mtkiceT, patiosnaT da SegnebiT asrulebs
Tavis movaleobas TiToeuli moqalaqe _ ubralo mwyem­
sidan dawyebuli qveynis mmarTvel pirovnebamde! Tu
isini erTgulad da patiosnaT epyrobian Tavis mova­
leobas, Tundac sul mciredi iyos es movaleoba, maSin
aseTi qveynis keTildReoba da bedniereba uzrunvel­
yofilia“
qristine SaraSiZe _ saqarTvelos
damfuZnebeli krebis (parlamentis) wevri.

„ar ikiTxo, ris „demokratia dainte­re­sebu­

ga­keTeba SeuZlia lia Segnebul mo­ qalaqeTa
Sen­­Tvis Sens qveya­ aRzrdiT, romlebsac unari
nas; ikiTxe, Sen ra eqnebaT, SemoqmedebiTad Ca­
SegiZlia gaakeTo erion saxelmwifos cxovre­
Seni qveynisTvis“. bis ganviTarebis procesSi“.

jon ficjerald dimitri uznaZe _ qarTveli

kenedi _ aSS-is 35-e fsiqologi, filosofosi,
prezidenti pedagogi da sazogado moRvawe

samuSao 2.2

gaecaniT aqtiuri moqalaqeobis magaliTebs da imsjeleT:

• ram ubiZgaT am adamianebs moqmedebisken?
• vis exeboda is sakiTxebi, romelTa mogvarebaSi sakuTari wvlilis Setana ga-
nizraxes?
• ra moxdeboda, Tuki isini gulgrilobas gamoiCendnen?
• ramdenad Sedegiani aRmoCnda moqalaqeTa mcdeloba? ram ganapiroba es Sedegi?

1978 wels sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvanelo­

bis gadawyvetilebiT, saqarTvelos socialis­
turi respublikis konstituciaSi unda Ses­
uliyo cvlileba romlis ZaliT qarTul enas
sa­xelmwifo enis statusi erTmeoda. qarTuli
enis dasacavad ramdenime aseulma studentma
daiwyo saprotesto moZraoba, sabolood ki
aTeul aTasobiT adamiani gamovida mTavrobis
saxlis (dRevandeli parlamentis) win. 1978 wlis 14 aprils moqalaqeTa aqtiurobam da
protestma qarTul enas saxelmwifo enis statusi SeunarCuna. am dRis aRsaniSnavad
1990 wels 14 aprili dedaenis dRed gamocxadda da axlac yovelwliurad aRiniSneba.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis ewvieT Semdeg bmulebs:
pirveli arxis siuJeti
„14 aprili dedaenis dRea“;
radio „Tavisuflebis“ siuJeti
„ monawileebi 40 wlis Semdeg“ .

12
 uyuradRebobis gamo VI saukunis qarTuli xuroTmoZ­
Rvrebis Zegls, mcxeTis jvris monasters dangrevis sa­
frTxe emuqreboda. qarTvelma sazogado moRvawem eqvTime
TayaiSvilma (1863-1953 ww.) gazeTis meSveobiT sazogadoebas
mouwoda: „yvelam gamoviRoT wvlili, didma Tu pataram,
erma Tu berma, ganaTlebulma Tu gaunaTlebelma, gveyofa
amdeni gulgriloba Cveni Zvirfasi naSTebisadmi. momavali
Taoba ar gvapatiebs, Tu es Zegli Cvens Tvalwin daingra“.
eqvTime TayaiSvilis mcdeloba Sedegiani aRmoCnda, sazo­
gadoeba CaerTo Zeglis gadarCenis procesSi, maTi Seg­
rovebuli TanxiT jvris monasteri SekeTda da dangrevas
gadaurCa.

eqvTime TayaiSvilis cxovrebis Sesaxeb metis gasagebad

SegiZli­aT uyuroT sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis dokumentur
films saxelwodebiT „eqvTime“.

2015 wlis 13 ivniss TbilisSi

mdinare veres adidebam 23 adamianis
sicocxle Seiwira. da­zaralda 200-
mde ojaxi. ganadgurda da dazianda
gzebi, xidebi, gvirabebi. daitbora
„mziurisa“ da zooparkis terito­
ria. stiqias emsxverpla zoopark­
is binadarTa nawili. moxali­ seebi
aqtiurad Caebnen stiqiis Sedegad
datborili teritoriebis gawmen­
diT samuSaoebSi.

moxaliseebi TavianTi saqmianobis dasagegmad da movaleobebis

gasanawileblad iyenebdnen feisbuqis gverds saxelwodebiT `13 ivnisi
_ moxaliseTa gaerTianeba (13 June - volunteers)~.

irma xecuriani pirveli qarTveli par­

amofarikave qalia, amasTan erTad, romelic
araerTgzis gaxda msoflio Cempioni. amasTan
erTad, irmas 2017 wels gansakuTrebuli misia
daekisra: igi gaeros keTili nebis elCad air­
Cies, rac imas niSnavs, rom man sazogadoebam­
de unda miitanos informacia gaeros mdgradi
ganviTarebis 17 mizanze. es miznebi moicavs
iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa:
Tanasworoba, adamianis uflebebi, xarisx­
iani ganaTleba, janmrTeloba, adaptirebuli
garemo da a.S. irma sxvadasxva RonisZiebas eswreba da cdilobs, Cve­
namde moitanos swori informacia. gaeros miznebze metis gasagebad
uyureT videos saxelwodebiT: `gaeros mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi
_ mimoxilva~.

13
 zaqaria doliZe miusafar ZaRlebze zrunavs. is
sakuTari xeliT umzadebs maT xis patara saxlebs da
saqarTvelos sxva­dasxva kuTxeSi miaqvs. mitovebuli
cxovelebisTvis pirveli budrugana Zveli karadis­
gan aawyo da es saqme imdenad moewona, rom gadawyvi­
ta, ar gaCerebuliyo. 2020 wlis TebervlisTvis zaqa­
rias ukve 250-ze meti budrugana hqonda gakeTebuli.
garda saxlebisa, ZaRlebisTvis mas sakvebic miaqvs.
sakuTar saqmianobas feisbuqgverdis saSualebiT acnobs sazogadoebas da ase cdi­
lobs Tanamoazreebis mozidvas. igi adamianebs mouwodebs, ar miatovon Sinauri cxo­
velebi quCaSi da izrunon maTze. amaSi zaqarias bavSvebic exmarebian,
romlebic Tavad qmnian sloganebs, xataven posterebs da adamianebs
sTxoven, kargad moeqcnen cxovelebs.
zaqarias saqmianobis Sesaxeb SegiZliaT uyuroT `radio Tavisuf­
lebis~ siuJets `zaqaria, `keTili manqana~ da saxlebi usaxlkaro cxo­
velebisTvis~.

gardabnis erT-erTi soflis

geografiisa da samoqalaqo ganaT­
lebis maswavleblis hamid sadiko­
vis mxardasaWerad axalgazrdebma
kampania `salam~ wamoiwyes. hamidi
socialur qseliT yofili moswav­
lis motacebas gamoexmaura, gogo­
nas mxardaWera gamoucxada da mo­
tacebis mankieri tradicia dagmo.
maswavleblis gabeduli saqcieli
miuRebeli aRmoCnda Temis nawilisTvis da isini hamids daupirispirdnen. hamidze zewo­
lis gasaprotesteblad eTnikurad azerbaijanelma axalgazrdebma Caweres videomimarTva,
romelSic mxardaWeras ucxadeben maswavlebels. sul male kampania „salami“ samoqalaqo
platformad gadaiqca da axalgazrdebi axla bevr saintereso aqtivobas axorcieleben.
hamid sadikovi saxalxo damcvelis aparatTan arsebulma erovnul um­
ciresobaTa sabWom 2019 wlis tolerantobis qomagebs Soris daasaxela.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis SegiZliaT ixiloT `radio Tavisu­
flebis~ videorgoli „vin arian hamidebi“.
aseve SegiZliaT naxoT platformis saqmianobis amsaxveli feisbuq­
gverdi „Salam _ salam“.

sagarejos municipalitetis sofel udabnos mcxov­rebT

wlebis ganmavlobaSi transportis problema awuxebdaT.
soflisa da municipalitetis damakavSirebeli transporti
kviraSi erTxel Tu Camoivlida. problemis mogvareba qal­Ta
sainiciativo jgufis aqtiurobiT moxerxda. sofel udab­
nos mkvidrma fiqria margianma, gaeros ganviTarebis pro­
gramis xelSewyobiT, gaiara treningi samoqalaqo CarTu­
lobis Temaze, ris Semdegac gadawyvita, ecada sakuTari
soflis problemis mogvareba. fiqria saTaveSi Caudga qalTa saini­
ciativo jgufs da daiwyes advokatirebis procesi. maTi mcdeloba
warmatebuli aRmoCnda, municipalitetma soflisTvis sagarejosTan
dasakavSireblad mikroavtobusi gamoyo.

14
 samuSao 2.3

uyureT videorgols saxelwodebiT „what is active citizens?“ (ra aris

aqtiuri moqalaqeoba?) imsjeleT: rogor Seitanes moqalaqeebma
wvlili sakuTari Temis ganviTarebaSi. moifiqreT, risi gakeTeba Se-
giZliaT Tqveni qalaqisTvis (soflisTvis)?

saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.

#1 dawereT Txzuleba „ris gakeTeba SemiZlia Cemi soflisTvis/qalaqisTvis“.

#2 uyureT animaciur films saxelwodebiT „kaci, romelic xeebs rgavda“ da
dafiqrdiT, ra iwvevda filmSi asaxul problemebs. rogor moaxerxa mTavar­
ma gmirma mis irgvliv arsebuli garemos Secvla? Tqveni mosazreba Camoa­
yalibeT patara Txzulebis formiT da gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs an ganaT­
avseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.
#3 uyureT films, saxelwodebiT „biWi, romelmac qari moaTviniera“. dafiqr­
diT, vis exeboda problema, romlis mogvarebac ganizraxa mTavarma gmirma?
ra Tvisebebi daexmara mas warmatebis miRwevaSi? ra moxdeboda, Tuki is
danebdeboda? Tqveni mosazreba CamoayalibeT patara Txzulebis formiT
da gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs an ganaTavseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.

kadri filmidan „kaci, romelic xeebs rgavda“

kadri filmidan „biWi, romelmac qari moaTviniera“

15
3. ratom da rogor iqmneba sainiciativo jgufebi?

dafiqrdiT:
• ra aris moxaliseoba?
• ratom xdebian adamianebi moxaliseebi?
• ra SemTxvevaSia miznis miRweva ufro advili?

wina paragrafidan gaigeT, rom samoqalaqo sazogadoeba demokratiis ganu­

yofeli nawilia da is aqtiuri moqalaqeebisgan Sedgeba. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT,
individualurad imuSaon TemSi arsebuli gamowvevebis dasaZlevad an gaerTian­
dnen problemasTan gasamklaveblad. dRevandeli gakveTilis Tema swored moqa­
laqeebis gaerTianebis erT-erTi forma _ sainiciativo jgufia.
arsebobs sainiciativo jgufebis ramdenime tipi.
iniciativa
erT-erTi maTgania amomrCevelTa sainiciativo jgufi, ro­
melic sul cota xuTi srulwlovani wevrisgan unda Sedge­ 1. Taosnoba raime
bodes da oficialurad unda daregistrirdes, raTa arCev­ saqmeSi.
nebSi misTvis sasurveli kandidaturis wardgena SeZlos.
2. saWiro momentSi
am paragrafSi ZiriTadad sainiciativo jgufebis iseT damoukidebeli
formebze visaubrebT, romlebic oficialurad SeiZleba aqtiuri
ar iyos daregistrirebuli da misi wevrebi Tu damfuZne­ moq­­medebis
blebi arasrulwlovnebic iyvnen. sainiciativo jgufi, ro­ una­ri.
gorc wesi, spontanurad da moxaliseobrivad _ raime konk­
retul gamowvevaze sapasuxod _ iqmneba. misi saqmianoba SeiZleba droebiTi iyos
da problemis mogvarebis Semdeg Sewydes kidec, Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rode­
sac sainiciativo jgufi ganagrZobs sazogadoebrivad mniSvnelovani sakiTxis
advokatirebas da problemis gadasaWrelad muSaobas.
sainiciativo jgufi saerTo miz­
gaixseneT, ras niSnavs advokatireba
nebis erToblivad miRwevis kargi
SesaZleblobaa. adamianebi erTiandebian raime ideis irgvliv da erTiani ZalebiT
cdiloben mis xorcSesxmas. msgavs jgufebs saSualeba aqvT, Seqmnan Sesabamisi
proeqtebi da arasamTavrobo Tu kerZo seqtorisgan dafinanseba moipovon. saini­
ciativo jgufis wevrebi muSaobisas, rogorc wesi, rolebsa da ufleba-movaleo­
bebs inawileben. sworad dagegmili jgufuri muSaobis dros Sedegi umjobesde­
ba, jgufis wevrebis datvirTva ki mcirdeba.

samuSao 3.1

daiyaviT jgufebad, gaecaniT qvemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi sainiciativo jgufebis

saqmianobas da imsjeleT:
• ratom da rogor Seiqmna sainiciativo jgufebi?
• rogor funqcionirebs sainiciativo jgufebi da rogor SeiZleba maTi
SesaZ­leblobebis aqtualuri sakiTxebis mosagvareblad gamoyeneba?
• miaRwies Tu ara sainiciativo jgufebma mizans? ram ganapiroba es Sedegi?
• ratom aris mniSvnelovani TanamSromloba miznis misaRwevad?

16
magaliTi #1. sainiciativo jgufebi aWaris maRalmTian soflebSi

aWaris maRalmTiani municipa­

li­tetebis, qedasa da xulos oTx
sofelSi (doxoZeebSi, kantaurSi,
iakobaZeebsa da jvariqeTSi) saTemo
Sexvedrebi Catarda, romlebzec mo­
saxleobam soflebSi arsebul sirTu­
leebze imsjela. gamokveTes yvelaze
aqtualuri problemebi da maTi mog­
varebis gzebic. am Sexvedrebzeve Ca­
moayalibes sainiciativo jgufebi,
romlebsac dagegmili RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba daevala.
soflebis mosaxleobis Sekreba arasamTavrobo organizacia „mSvidobis,
demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri institutis“ mxardaWeriT Catarda.
organizaciam mosaxleobis proeqtebic daafinansa. proeqtebis ganxorcielebis­
Tvis mosaxleobam adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebTanac iTanamSromla da maT­
ganac miiRo mxardaWera materialur-teqnikuri resursebis saxiT. proeqtis
farglebSi dagegmil samuSaoebs mosaxleoba moxaliseobrivad asrulebda. mo­
saxleobis, arasamTavrobo organizaciisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
TanamSromloba warmatebuli aRmoCnda. dagegmili proeqtebis na­
wi­
li ukve dasrulda da mosaxleobas aqvs sufTa sasmeli wyali,
gare ganaTeba da gza.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis ewvieT TviTmmarTvelobebis
portals Droa.ge da gaecaniT statias saxelwodebiT „kargi ambebi
aWaridan – mosaxleobis aqtiurobiT mogvarebuli problemebi“.

magaliTi #2. gudamayrelebis sainiciativo jgufi

gudamayris xeobis
mosaxleoba hesebis aSe­
nebis winaaRmdeg gaer­
Tianda. maT sainiciati­
vo jgufi Camoayalibes
da sakuTari moTxovnis
gasamyareblad peticia
da­weres, romelsac
5000-ze metma adamianma
moawera xeli. 2019 wlis
1 marts soflis meurne­
obis saministrom kompa­
nias, romelic gudamay­
ris xeobaSi hesebis aSenebas apirebda, uari uTxra.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis SegiZliaT moiZioT `mTis ambebis~
siuJeti saxelwodebiT „gudamayrelebi hesebis winaaRmdeg“.

17
magaliTi #3. sainiciativo jgufi raWidan

sainiciativo jgufma, romelic

samma megobarma gogonam Seqmna, ra­
Wis xangrZlivi zamTris saintere­
sod gatarebis mSvenieri xerxi mo­
Zebna. jgufis wevrebma ambrolaurSi
ufaso kinoklubi Camoayalibes.
yovel kviras feisbuqgverdze deben
gamokiTxvas, Tu romeli filmis nax­
va surs mayurebels, gamokiTxvis Se­
degebis mixedviT arCeven films da
oTxSabaTobiT awyoben kinoCvenebas.
jgufis wevrebi moxaliseobrivad
muSaoben. kinoklubs Sesaferis saTavssa da aparaturasac adgi­
lob­rivebi usasyidlod uTmoben.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis SegiZliaT ewvioT maT feisbuq­
gverds „Cinema Club in Racha“.

magaliTi #4. sainiciativo jgufi Tbilisidan

sainiciativo jgufi „socialuri SuqniSani“

orma moxalisem Camoayaliba. maT ramdenime Tema
airCies da gadawyvites am Temebis Sesaxeb in­
formaciis moZieba da mosaxleobisTvis gacno­
ba. am mizniT jgufis wevrebi saganmanaTleblo
resursebs qmnian da socialuri mediis daxmare­
biT avrceleben. maT moxaliseobrivad Caatares
kampania saxelwodebiT „azartuli TamaSebi da
maTi safrTxeebi“, romlis farglebSic Seqmnes
videorgolebi, posterebi, daweres blogposte­
bi da Caatares treningebi moswavleebisTvis.
miRebuli gamocdileba daexmaraT kidev erTi
saintereso proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi, romel­
sac „gzaze erTi qali modioda“ uwodes. proeqtis mizani genderuli stereo­
tipebisgan gamowveuli safrTxeebis, da qalTa Rvawlis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis
cnobierebis amaRleba gaxldaT. am saqmeSi jgufs mxarSi amoudga organizacia
„qalTa fondi“, romelmac daafinansa proeqti, ramac proeqti ufro masStaburi
gaxada. sainiciativo jgufis wevrebma Seqmnes proeqtis miznebis
Sesabamisi radiogadacema, blogpostebi, sagakveTilo resursebi,
romlebic saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi gaavrceles.
sainiciativo jgufis saqmianobis Sesaxeb damatebiTi infor­
maciis misaRebad SegiZliaT ewvioT maT blogs „socialuri Suqni­
Sani“.

18
magaliTi #5 samoqalaqo ganaTlebis klubebi

• imis gamo, rom sofel mzisgul­

Si sanagveebi ar iyo da sayofac­
xovrebo narCenebi ar gahqondaT,
soflis zogierTi adgili buneb­
riv nagavsayrelad gadaiqca. mzis­
gulis sajaro skolis samoqalaqo
ganaTlebis klubis wevrma mos­
wavleebma advokatirebis meTo­
dis gamoyenebiT adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobisagan saTanado
mxardaWera miiRes da Sesabamisi
nabijebic gadaidga: sofelSi sanagveebi daidga da saTanado transportic
gamoiyo narCenebis gasatanad.

• sofel saRolaSenSi sajaro sko­

lis samoqalaqo klubis wevreb­
ma Temis saWiroebebis kvleva
Caatares. kvlevis dros moswav­
leebma gamokveTes, rom sofels
avtobusis mosacdeli esaWiroe­
boda. problemis aRmoCenis Sem­
deg, klubis wevrebma mis mosag­
vareblad advokatirebis kampania
daiwyes. gadaiRes videorgoli,
daniSnes Sexvedra TviTmmarTv­
elobis warmomadgenlebTan, ga­
acnes problema da warudgines momzadebuli video, romelSic naTlad Can­
da mosacdelis saWiroeba. Sexvedra warmatebuli aRmoCnda, qarelis meriam
sofelSi avtobusis mosacdeli moawyo.

• qobuleTis municipalitetis so­

fel leRvas sajaros skolis mos­
wavleebma gadawyvites, gadaSene­
bis piras myofi kolxuri bzis
gadarCenaze ezrunaT. maT moiZies
informacia bzis gamravlebisa da
movlis Taviseburebaze, Seiswav­
les bzis nergis gamoyvanis teq­
nologia. kolxuri bzis gasam­
ravleblad nergebi ojaxebidan
Seagroves da daiwyes maTi gamrav­
leba. moswavleebi imedovneben,
rom bzis gadarCenaSi TvalsaCino wvlils Seitanen.

wyaro: samoqalaqo ganaTlebis programa „momavlis Taoba“ https://civics.ge

19
 hogvortsis sainiciativo jgufebi
icodiT, rom hari poteri, hermion greinjeri da ronald
uisli sainiciativo jgufis damfuZneblebi iyvnen? wignSi „hari
poteri da feniqsis ordeni“ moswavleebma Seqmnes sainiciativo
jgufi, saxelwodebiT „albus dambldoris armia“. jgufis miza-
ni iyo, moswavleebs is codna da unarebi SeeZinaT, romlebic maT
aucileblad sWirdebodaT ganviTarebisa da boroti Zalebis da-
marcxebisTvis, skola ki am codnis micemaze im dros uars acxa-
debda. hermionisTvis es ar yofila iniciativis ganxorcilebebis
pirveli mcdeloba, wignSi „hari poteri da cecxlovani Tasi“, is
cdilobs, Sekribos Tanamoazreebi Sinauri elfebis uflebebis
dasacavad.

samuSao 3.2

daiyaviT jgufebad da TiToeulma jgufma moifiqreT problema, romlis gadasaW-

reladac SeqmnidiT sainiciativo jgufs, daasabuTeT problemis aqtualoba.

rogor davweroT proeqti?

Tqven iciT, rom sazo­

gadoebrivi problemebis
mogvarebis mizniT xSi­
rad adamianebi Tanamoaz­
reebs, mxardamWerebs eZe­
ben da Zalebs aerTianeben,
advokatirebis kampaniebs
gegmaven, sazogadoebamde
da gadawyvetilebis mimReb
struqturebamde arsebuli
problemis Sesaxeb infor­
maciis mitanas cdiloben.
am miznebis miRwevas samoqa­
laqo sazogadoebis warmo­

20
madgenlebs xSirad proeqtis Sedgena da ganxorcieleba umartivebs.
arCeuli problemis Sesaxeb proeqtis Seqmna ramdenime kuTxiTaa mniSvnelo­
vani. Tu gvsurs, rom Tanamoazreebi da mxardamWerebi gvyavdes, maSin Cveni ideebi
naTlad unda CamovayaliboT da gavacnoT maT. proeqti swored amaSi gvexmareba.
proeqtis SeqmniT problemas dasabuTebulad aRvwerT, miznebsa da aqtivobebs
mkafiod vayalibebT. am saxiT wardgenili ideebi ki met mxardaWeras poulobs,
rogorc adamianuri, ise materialur-teqnikuri resursebis mopovebis Tvalsaz­
risiT. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevrebs problemis mosagvareblad gamiznuli
proeqtis dawera dafinansebis an, ubralod, Tanamoazreebis aRmoCenaSi exmareba.

proeqtis Seqmnis nabijebi da rekomendaciebi

maTi efeqturad ganxorcielebis xelSesawyobad
1. sakiTxis/problemis SerCeva proeqtisTvis
sasurvelia, proeqtisTvis SearCioT iseTi Tema, romelic TqvenTvis nacno­
bia da Tqven irgvliv bevr adamians awuxebs.
sakiTxis/problemis SesarCevad SegiZliaT:
• gaecnoT Tqveni Tanatolebis mier ganxorcielebul iniciativebs saitze
https://civics.ge/, an gaixsenoT am paragrafis samuSao 3.1-is istoriebi.
(nanaxi istoriebidan romelia Tqveni TemisTvis aqtualuri?).
• CaataroT gamokiTxva TemSi. gaigoT, ra sakiTxebi awuxebs Tqven Tanatolebs,
samezoblos, skolis sazogadoebas (romelia yvelaze aqtualuri problema?
romeli maTganis mogvarebaSi SegiZliaT Tqveni wvlilis Setana?).
proeqtisTvis sakiTxis SerCevaSi dagexmarebaT imis codnac, rom proeqtis
miznebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba da SeiZleba gulisxmobdes:
° sazogadoebisTvis informaciis miwodebas (mag., virusebiT dasnebovnebis
Tavidan aridebis mizniT higienis wesebis dacvis aucileblobis Sesaxeb);
° qvelmoqmedebas (mag., xelnakeTi nivTebis gayidviT Semosuli TanxiT
martoxela moxucebisTvis sakvebi produqtis SeZena);
° raime problemis mogvarebisTvis advokatirebis kampaniis warmarTvas
(mag., miusafari ZaRlebisTvis TavSesafris gaxsna an transportis dan­
iSvnis moTxovniT xelmowerebis Segroveba);
° infrastruqturis mowesrigebas (mag: sportuli moednis mowyoba/mowesrigeba).
2. SerCeul sakiTxze/problemaze informaciis moZieba
mas Semdeg, rac proeqtisTvis sakiTxi/problema ukve SerCeulia, mniSvnelo­
vania, mis Sesaxeb moiZioT informacia. am etapze mopovebuli informacia dagex­
marebaT, daasabuToT problemis aqtualuroba da gamokveToT potenciuri mx­
ardamWerebi. dafiqrdeT, vis exeba Tqven mier SerCeuli problema, ra iwvevs
mas, visze an raze axdens igi gavlenas, vis evaleba da SeuZlia misi mogvareba
(am kiTxvebis misaRebad SegiZliaT CaataroT gamokiTxva). kidev erTi kiTxva,
romelze pasuxis gacemac dagexmarebaT mxardamWerebis aRmoCenaSi Semdegia _
vin aris dainteresebuli am problemis mogvarebiT? Tu arsebobs msgavsi prob­
lemebis mogvarebis gamocdileba adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso doneebze? am
kiTxvaze pasuxis moZiebisas (mag., Tu Tqveni proeqti exeba gamwvanebas, SegiZli­
aT, internetis saZiebo velSi CaweroT sityvebi: gamwvanebis aqcia, gamwvanebis
proeqti da a.S), Tqven aRmoaCenT sainiciativo jgufebs, organizaciebs, rom­
lebic Tqven mier SerCeuli, an misi msgavsi problemis gadaWraze muSaoben.

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garda sainiciativo jgufebisa da organizaciebisa, proeqtis ganxorcielebi­
sas Tqven SegiZliaT, iTanamSromloT mediasTan, adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelo­
basTan, romelTa Sesaxebac ufro met informacias saxelmZRvanelos Semdeg
paragrafebSi miiRebT da SeiZleba, Tqveni TanamSromlobac realurad Sedges.
garda amisa, meSvide klasis saxelmZRvanelodan Tqven gaxsovT, rom sko­
laSi sxva­
dasxva jgufi arsebobs, magaliTad, direqcia da moswavleTa TviT­
mmarTveloba. orive maTgani SesaZloa gaxdes Tqveni mxardamWeri iniciativis
ganxorcielebisas (amisTvis gaacaniT maT Tqveni ideebi, sTxoveT mxardaWera,
vTqvaT, adamianuri an teqnikuri resursebiT).

3. proeqtis miznis da Sedegis gansazRvra

mesame etapze Tqven unda gansazRvroT, ris miRweva gsurT. miznis sworad
CamoyalibebaSi e.w SMART modeli dagexmarebaT, romlis mixedviT, mizani unda
iyos:
_ specifikuri/konkretuli;
_ gazomvadi;
_ miRwevadi;
_ relevanturi/Sesabamisi;
_ droSi gawerili.
am modelis ukeT gasaazreblad gaecaniT SMART-is Sesaxeb Seqmnil in­
fografikas, romelSic moyvanilia Sesabamisi magaliTebi.
Tuki mizans sworad CamoayalibebT, arc Sedegis gansazRvra gagiWirdebaT,
radgan Sedegi swored miRweuli mizania.

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4. miznis amocanebad daSla
meoTxe nabiji im amocanebis gansazRvraa, romlebic
miznamde migviyvans. magaliTad, Tu Tqveni mizani sko­
lis moswavleebSi jansaRi cxovrebis wesis damkvidre­
bisTvis sportuli moednis mowyoba da sportuli
aqtivobebis organizebaa, Tqveni amocanebi SeiZleba
iyos: sportuli moednis mosawyobad skolis direqciis
nebarTvisa da mxardaWeris mopoveba; sportuli moed­
nis mosawyobad sponsorebis moZieba; moswavleTa dain­
tereseba da CarTva sportul aqtivobebSi.
5. aqtivobebis dagegmva da riskebis gansazRvra
am etapze Tqven unda gansazRvroT, ra aqtivobis
Catareba gWirdebaT imisTvis, rom dasaxuli amocane­
bi SeasruloT da mizans miaRwioT. magaliTad, Tqveni
proeqtis aqtivobebi SeiZleba iyos: sportuli moed­
nis mosawyobad adgilis SerCeva, ideis mxardamWer
moswavleTa xelmowerebis Segroveba, direqciasTan
Sexvedra da maTTvis Tqveni ideis gacnoba, adgilob­
rivi biznesis warmomadgenlebTan komunikacia spor­
tuli moednis mosawyobad saWiro dafinansebis mo­
po­vebis mizniT, sportuli aqtivobebis organizeba,
moswavleTa dasaintereseblad sainformacio kampani­
is Catareba da sportuli aqtivobebis gamarTva.
amave etapze unda gadawyvitoT, vin iqneba Ti­
Toeuli aqtivobis ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli (vin, rodis, sad da rogor,
ra saSualebiT ganaxorcielebs maT).
aucilebelia, gansazRvroT riskebic da maTTan gamklavebis gzebic. magali­
Tad, arsebobs riski, rom ver moipovoT biznesis warmomadgenlebis finansuri
mxardaWera da, Sesabamisad, ver moaxerxoT sportuli moednis infrastruqturis
imgvarad mowyoba, rogorc Cafiqrebuli gqondaT. amis Tavidan aridebis mizniT,
ramdenime sxvadasxva bizneskompaniasTan scadeT TanamSromloba, romlebsac
mkafi­od daanaxvebT, Tu ratom unda dagiWiron mxari (amiT isini mxars dauWeren
moswavleebSi jansaRi cxovrebis popularizebas; garda amisa, Tuki dagexmarebian,
es maTTvis erTgvari reklama iqneba) da ra tipis mxardaWeras eliT maTgan (mag.,
kalaTburTis faris SeZena Tu sportuli moednis zedapiris mopirkeTeba da a.S.).
Tu TanamSromloba mainc ar moxerxda, SegiZliaT, moawyoT xelnakeTi nivTebis ga­
mofena-gayidva da Semosuli TanxiT SeiZinoT saWiro inventari, an miiRoT monaw­
ileoba sxvadasxva konkursSi, romlebic afinanseben moswavleTa proeqtebs.
6. proeqtis biujeti
detalurad unda gaTvaloT proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro re­
sursebi (rogorc adamianuri, ise materialur-teqnikuri). biujetis martivad
Sesadgenad Tvali gadaavleT dagegmil aqtivobebs da CamowereT, ra aris saWi­
ro maTi ganxorcielebisTvis? magaliTad, sportuli RonisZiebis Casatareb­
lad SeiZleba dagWirdeT kalaTburTis burTi, laxti da a.S. moiZieT informa­
cia am nivTebis Rirebulebis Sesaxeb, raTa potenciur dafinansebels zustad
gaacnoT, ra gWirdebaT proeqtisTvis.

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7. Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba
aqtivobebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg miRweuli Sedegebisa da saqmianobis
procesis Sefaseba dagexmarebaT gamocdilebis ukeT gaazrebasa da samomavlo
proeqtebis efeqturad dagegmvaSi. am etapisTvis SeiZleba es kiTxvebi dagexma­
roT _ ramdenad miaRwieT dagegmil Sedegs? ram SegiwyoT an SegiSalaT xeli?
ra iyo yvelaze martivi an rTuli? ra gamocdileba miiReT? rogor gamoi­
yenebT am gamocdilebas samomavlod da a.S.

samuSao 3.3

imsjeleT, qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli mizania ufro konkretuli? gazomvadi?

miRwevadi? realisturi? droSi gawerili? mizani, romelic ar akmayofilebs zemoT
CamoTvlil kriteriumebs, SecvaleT SMART modelis mixedviT.
1. sagzao moZraobis wesebis popularizacia;
2. 2020-2021 saswavlo wels Cveni skolis me-8 klasis moswavleebSi jansaRi
cxovrebis wesis Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis amaRleba.

rogor movipovoT dafinanseba?

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi Tu samTavrobo uwyebebi sainiciativo jgufe­
bisTvis periodulad sxvadasxva Tematikis mcire sagranto konkursebs acxadeben.
aseT konkursebSi monawileobis misaRebad ganmcxadeblebi irCeven SemoTavazebul
TemasTan dakavSirebul romelime problemas da gansazRvraven mis mogvarebis gzebs.

konkursebi:
arasamTavrobo organizacia „orbeliani“ afinansebs
iniciativebs mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT. misi mi­
zania samoqalaqo iniciativebis mxardaWera, raTa TiToeul moqa­
laqes mieces SesaZlebloba, sakuTari Temis/sazogadoebis cxovre­
ba ukeTesobisken Secvalos. organizaciis saitis naxva SegiZliaT
Semdeg misamarTze: https://app.orbeliani.net
axalgazrduli garemosdacviTi konkursi _
niko kecxovelis saskolo premia, romelic 2015
wels daarsda. konkursSi monawileobis mTavari
mizania mcire Tu didi wvlilis Setana bune­
brivi da socialuri garemos gaumjobesebis
saqmeSi, mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebis Sesaba­
misad. konkursis Sesaxeb informacia SegiZliaT
naxoT maT vebgverdze http://forestry.ge/

rogor vimuSaoT jgufSi efeqturad?

jgufSi efeqturad muSaoba aucilebelia jgufuri proeqtis warmatebiT gan­
saxorcieleblad. jgufur muSaobas bevri dadebiTi mxare aqvs: Zalebis gaerTiane­
ba; gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi, rac saukeTesos arCevis saSualebas gvaZlevs; pa­
suxismgeblobebis ganawileba da a.S. Tumca, garda dadebiTi mxareebisa, ar unda
dagvaviwydes is riskebic, romlebic, Cveulebriv, jgufur muSaobas axlavs, raTa
droulad aviridoT isini Tavidan. mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom erTmaneTSi

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gadanawilebuli pasuximgeblobebi individualuri pasuxismgeblobisa da val­
debulebisgan ar gvaTavisuflebs. imisTvis, rom jgufma efeqturad imuSaos, Ti­
Toeulma masze dakisrebuli movaleobebi/amocanebi pirnaTlad unda Seasrulos.
jgufSi efeqtur muSaobaSi es rCevebi dagexmarebaT:
• CamoayalibeT jgufis wesebi, romlebsac daicavT;
• pativi eciT erTmaneTis azrs;
• gadawyvetilebebi jgufis wevrebis maqsimaluri CarTulobiTa da xmaTa
umravlesobiT miiReT;
• gauziareT erTmaneTs saWiro informacia;
• gadainawileT pasuxismgeblobebi. gaiTvaliswineT, rom TiToeuli Tqven­
gani mniSvnelovania saerTo miznis gansaxorcieleblad;
• jgufur Sexvedrebze gaakeTeT Canawerebi, daafiqsireT informacia (dam­
swreTa raodenoba, gadawyvetilebebi, gadanawilebuli movaleobebi, gan­
rigi da a.S.) da socialuri mediis meSveobiT gauziareT is jgufis sxva
wevrebs;
• SeafaseT Tqveni muSaoba da SeZenili gamocdileba gaiTvaliswineT mom­
devno saqmianobis dros.

samuSao 3.4

gaecaniT istorias da imsjeleT:

_ ramdenad kargad gaiazres adamianebma sakuTari roli?
_ Tqveni azriT, ratom iyo auzi wyliT savse?
_ ra kavSiri aqvs am istorias jgufur muSaobasTan?

erTxel erTma mefem xalxs daavala, RamiT auzSi TiTo ojaxma

TiTo Wiqa rZe CaasxiT da diliT rZiT savse auzi damaxvedreTo.
xalxi mTeli Rame ezideboda saxlidan savse Wiqebs. gaTenda dila
da mefes auzi kamkama wyliT savse daxvda.

samuSao 3.5

gaixseneT Tqveni jgufuri muSaobis

gamocdileba; ra dagexmaraT an ram
SegiSalaT xeli efeqturad muSaoba-
Si?
_ ras daamatebdiT zemoT moce­
mul rekomendaciebs Tqveni ga­
mocdilebidan?

25
 qvemo maCxaani _ sazogadoebis erTianobis Zalis magaliTi
qvemo maCxaani siRnaRis municipalitetis erT-erTi sofelia,
romelmac sazogadoebis TviTorganizebisa da iniciativebis ara­
Cveulebrivi magaliTebi Semogvinaxa.
- qvemo maCxaanis mosaxleobam gaerTianebuli ZalebiT wlebis
ganmavlobaSi TemisTvis mravali sasargeblo iniciativa ga-
naxorciela. maT daaarses wignsacavi, afTiaqi, saavadmyofo,
banki da kidev bevri saWiro dawesebuleba. cnobilia qvemo
maCxaanis Teatris istoriac, romlis asaSenebladac mosax-
leoba 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi agrovebda fuls.
- sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi CarTuli iyvnen rogorc mamak-
acebi, ise qalebi. magaliTad, 1887 wlis 8 ivliss maCxaanSi
mcxovrebma qalebma organizeba gaukeTes speqtakls da Semo-
suli Tanxa _ 9 maneTi da 42 kapiki _ wera-kiTxvis gamavrcele-
belTa sazogadoebas Seswires.

Temis TviTorganize­
bis Sesaxeb damatebi­
Ti informaciisTvis
internetSi moiZieT
wigni „iniciativa cvli­
lebisaTvis“.

qvemo maCxaanis Teatris

mSeneblebi

samuSao 3.6

ewvieT saits kahoot.com, moZebneT TamaSi saxelwodebiT „moqalaqeo-

ba-samoqalaqo sazogadoeba~ da SeamowmeT, ramdenad kargad gaxsovT
I-III paragrafebSi naswavli masala. saitis gamoyenebis instruqciisT-
vis naxeT video „kahoot-is gamoyenebis instruqcia“.

saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.
#1 dawereT Txzuleba „ratom aris mniSvnelovani mozardebis CarTuloba
sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi?“
#2 moiZieT informacia, arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens TemSi sainiciativo jgufebi
da gaecaniT maT saqmianobas. moZiebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT moamza­
deT werilobiTi angariSi (maqs. 200 sityva) da gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs an
ganaTavseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.

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 I blokis Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davalebebi

gTavazobT davalebebis CamonaTvals. mocemuli davalebebis Sesruleba gan-

vlili Temis Seswavlis procesSi SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebasa da, rac mTavaria,
mis gamo­yenebaSi dagexmarebaT.
davalebebi ramdenime tipisaa. zogierTi maTgani savaldebuloa da jgufu­
rad unda SeasruloT. davalebebis nawili arCeviTia _ Tqven Tavad airCevT, rom­
lis Sesruleba gsurT da Tavadve gadawyvetT, individualurad gindaT muSaoba,
wyvilSi Tu jgufurad. davalebebis mesame kategoria arasavaldebuloa da Tqve­
ni gadasawyvetia, SeasrulebT yvela maTgans, ramdenimes Tu arc erTs (kompleq­
suri davalebebis Sesrulebamde gaecaniT #4 danarTs).
moemzadeT, Tqven SegiZliaT, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevri gax­
deT da Tqvens TemSi arsebuli romelime problemis mogvarebaSi TvalsaCino
wvli­li SeitanoT.
savaldebulo kompleqsuri davaleba
I-III paragrafebidan miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, CamoayalibeT 4-5 ka­
ciani sainiciativo jgufi da SeqmeniT proeqti, romelsac erTad ganaxorcielebT.
proeqtis forma Tu kiTxvari furcelze/rveulSi gadaixazeT da iq SeavseT.
proeqtis Sesaqmnelad:
• airCieT iseTi saTemo problema (mag., dazianebuli gare ganaTeba, quCaSi
sanagveebis ararseboba/simcire, sagzao wesebis darRvevebi, dazianebuli
sportuli moedani, garemos dabinZureba da a.S.), romlis mogvarebaSic
gsurT wvlili SeitanoT;
• moiZieT informacia problemis Sesaxeb (ra iwvevs mas, vis eqmneba proble­
ma, vis ainteresebs misi mogvareba, visTan SeiZleba TanamSrobloba, vis ev­
aleba problemis gadaWra da a.S). damuSavebuli informacia gamoiyeneT a)
problemis aqtualobis dasasabuTeblad, b) mxardamWerebis mosaZieblad,
g) miznis Camosayalibeblad;
• CamoayalibeT mkafio, miRwevadi, problemis Sesabamisi mizani da gansaz­
RvreT, ra Sedegs moitans Tqveni proeqti;
• ra amocanebi unda Sesruldes miznis misaRwevad? ra tipis aqtivobebi
sWirdeba amocanebis Sesrulebas? vin aris TiToeul aqtivobis Sesrule­
baze pasuxismgebeli da ra resursebi gWirdebaT;
• ra riskebi SeiZleba gamoikveTos proeqtis ganxorcielebisas? rogor
gaumklavdebiT maT?

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davalebebidan SeasruleT minimum erTi.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #1
Tqveni proeqtis Sesaxeb SeqmeniT slaidSou Pow-
erPoint-is daxmarebiT da warudgineT Tanaklaselebs.
slaidSouSi TvalnaTliv unda Candes:
• problema, romlis mosagvarebladac aris ar­
Ceuli proeqti;

27
 • iniciativis mkafio mizani, amocanebi da maTi miRwevis droSi gawerili geg­
ma (aqtivobebi, pasuxismgebeli pirebi/gadanawilebuli movaleobebi, saWi­
ro resursebi; TariRebi da a.S.);
• proeqtis mosalodneli Sedegi.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #2

moiZieT informacia saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli iseTi iniciativebis
Sesaxeb, romlebic imave problemebis mogvarebaze iyo mimarTuli, romeli prob­
lemac airCieT Tqveni proeqtisTvis. moZiebuli informaciis safuZvelze Se­
qmeniT werilobiTi angariSi (1-2 gverdi), romelsac gaacnobT klass.
angariSSi naTlad warmoaCineT:
• informacia ganxorcielebuli iniciativebis Sesaxeb. romeli problemis
mogvarebisken iyo iniciativa mimarTuli; vin, rodis, sad da ratom ganaxor­
ciela iniciativa; ra iyo maTi mizani da ra daexmara maT miznis miRwevaSi;
• saqarTvelos rukaze moniSnuli is regionebi, sadac ganxorcielebuli
iyo msgavsi iniciativebi. imsjeleT, ra iwvevs im saerTo problemebs/
sazrunavs, romlebic adamianebs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi aqvT.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #3

gamokiTxeT Tqveni Tanaskolelebi, gaarkvieT, proeqtebis ganxorcielebis ra ga­
mocdileba aqvT maT da Tu arian mzad, Tqvens proeqtSic miiRon monawileoba.
kvlevis Sedegebi posteris saxiT warudgineT Tanaklaselebs.
posterSi TvalnaTiv warmoaCineT:
• ra tipis proeqtebSi arian isini CarTuli. ra aris maTi aqtiurobis an
pasiurobis mizezi;
• ra informacias floben Tqven mier SerCeuli problemis Sesaxeb, miaCniaT
Tu ara is aqtualurad da rogor warmoudgeniaT misi gadaWra;
• Tu xedaven sakuTar rols am problemis gadaWraSi da raSi gamoixateba es roli?
• ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli maTTan TanamSromloba proeqtebis ganxor­
cielebis procesSi.

arasavaldebulo kompleqsuri davaleba #1

SeqmeniT naxati/slogani Tqven mier SerCeuli problemis Sesaxeb da warud­
gineT Tanaklaselebs.
naxatSi/sloganSi naTlad unda Candes:
• problema, romelic SerCeulia proeqtisTvis;
• problemis gamomwvevi mizezebi da misi Sedegebi.

arasavaldebulo kompleqsuri davaleba #2

gadaiReT videorgoli Tqven mier SerCeuli prob­
lemis Sesaxeb da warudgineT Tanaklaselebs.
videorgolSi naTlad unda Candes:
• problema, romelic SerCeulia proeqtisTvis;
• problemis gamomwvevi mizezebi da misi Sedegebi.

28
 arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
4. ratom iqmneba da rogor funqcionirebs
arasamTavrobo organizacia?

paragrafis gacnobamde upasuxeT Semdeg kiTxvebs:

• Tqveni azriT, ra mizniT iqmneba arasamTavrobo organizaciebi?
• vis SeuZlia arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromloba?
• gsmeniaT romelime arasamTavrobo organizaciis saqmianobis Sesaxeb?

arasamTavrobo organizaciebs xSirad sazogadoebriv

arasamTavrobo
organizaciebsac uwodeben. isini kanonmdeblobiT dadge­
organizacia
nili wesiT registrirebuli gaerTianebebia. maTi Seq­ mna
moqalaqeebisgan Semdegi nabijebis gadadgmas moiTxovs: socialuri jgu­
damfuZneblebis Sekreba, wesebze SeTanxmeba, rolebis da­ fis erT-erTi
forma, probleme­
nawileba da am informaciis sajaro reestrSi dafiqsireba
bis gadasaWrelad
kanonis Sesabamisad. amis Semdeg monacemebi oficialurad
Seqmnili iuridi­
registrirdeba da organizaciac Seqmnilad cxaddeba.
uli organizacia.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, rogorc samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis ganuyofeli nawili, gansakuTrebul rols
TamaSobs qveynis ganviTarebaSi. isini saerTo arakomerciuli miznebisa da in­
teresebis safuZvelze iqmnebian da, Sesabamisad, finansur mogebas ar isaxaven
miznad. dafinansebas ZiriTadad donorebisgan (didi organizaciebi, saerTaSo­
riso Tu adgilobrivi, maT Soris, saxelmwifo fondebi, biznes-seqtori da a.S.)
iReben, Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac organizacias misive wevrebi afinanseben.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi momuSave profesionalebi, rogorc wesi, TavianT
saqmianobaSi xelfass iReben, Tumca am sferoSi xSirad SexvdebiT moxaliseeb­
sac, romlebic gasamrjelos gareSe erTvebian sxvadasxva, maTTvis saintereso da
sazogadoebrivad mniSvnelovani samuSaois SesrulebaSi.

samuSao 4.1

imsjeleT, riT gansxvavdeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebi sainiciativo jgufebisgan?

arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao areali

arasamTavrobo organizaciebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba saqmianobis sfe­
ros mixedviT. es sferoebi mravalferovania da SeiZleba moicavdes: xelisu­
flebis muSaobaze dakvirvebas; adamianis uflebebis dacvas; advokatirebas;
moqalaqeebis gaaqtiurebisa da maT sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi monawileobis
xelSewyobas; sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebas; kvlevebis Catarebas; sagan­
manaTleblo resursebis Seqmnas; adamianebisTvis sxvadasxva tipis momsaxurebis
miwodebas; qvelmoqmedebas da a.S. organizacias SeuZlia, erTdroulad ramden­
ime mimarTulebiTac imuSaos.
imis mixedviT, Tu ra tipis saqmianobas asruleben, arasamTavrobo organi­
zaciebs xSirad moixsenieben, rogorc:

29
 • „modaraje“, „moyurade“ organizaciebs (mag., akvirdebian xelisuflebis
saqmianobas, biujetis xarjvas, arCevnebis Catarebis process, adamianis
uflebebis dacvas da a.S).
• sazogadoebis gaZlierebaze da gaaqtiurebaze orientirebul organizaciebs
(mag., xels uwyoben sazogadoebrivad mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gadawyve­
tis procesebSi moqalaqeTa CarTulobis gazrdas).
• „moazrovne“ anu analitikur organizaciebs (mag., xels uwyoben sazogadoe­
brivi cnobierebis amaRlebas, atareben kvlevebs, eZieben problemebis
gadawyvetis gzebs da a.S).
• momsaxurebebis mimwodebel organizaciebs (mag., mosaxleobas sTavazoben
iuridiul, fsiqologiur, samedicino da a.S. mxardaWeras).

samuSao 4.2

gaecaniT qvemoT moyvanili arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobas. imsjeleT,

romeli tipis organizaciebs ganekuTvnebian isini. cxrili gadaixazeT rveulSi,
Tqveni versiebi gadaitaneT cxrilSi da gaacaniT klass.

organizacia/ momsaxurebis gamaZlierebeli da

modaraje analitikuri
saqmianoba mimwodebeli gamaaqtiurebeli

`iniciativa socialuri
cvlilebebisTvis~
i !
`aTinaTi~
i g nS
`kaTarzisi~
T w
r o
`samoqalaqo
aqtivobebis centri~
a w e
C
`axalgazrda iuristTa
asociacia~ ar
iniciativa socialuri cvlilebebisTvis
organizacia „iniciativa socialuri cvli­
lebebisTvis“ 2013 wels daarsda. organi­
zaciis mizania, xeli Seuwyos axalgazrdebis
gaaqtiurebas da maT CarTvas samoqalaqo sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. organi­
zacia cdilobs, daexmaros saxelmwifo struqturebs, Seqmnan iseTi garemo, poli­
tika, programebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebis cxovrebis
xarisxis gaumjobesebas. organizaciis kidev erTi mizani genderuli Tanasworobis
xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmnaa; miznebis misaRwevad „iniciativa socialuri cvli­
lebebisTvis“ axorcielebs araformaluri ganaTlebis aqtivobebs (treningebs,
samuSao Sexvedrebs da a.S.); kvleviT saqmianobas; socialur advokatirebas.
www.isc.org.ge

30
asociacia aTinaTi
es organizacia 1995 wels Camoyalibda zugdidSi
da mas Semdeg aqtiurad muSaobs. amJamad „aTinaTis“
saqmianoba Semdeg mimarTulebebs moicavs: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganvi­
Tareba araformaluri ganaTlebis xelSewyobiT; socialurad daucveli fe­
nebis daxmareba ufaso fsiqologiuri, samedicino, iuridiuli momsaxurebiT;
sazogadoebis informirebulobis xelSewyoba miukerZoebeli informaciis mi­
wodebis gziT.
www.atinati.org

kaTarzisi
humanitaruli kavSiri `kaTarzisi~ socialuri daxmarebis
centria. is 1990 wels Seiqmna. „kaTarzisi“ cdilobs, asakovan
adamianebs gauwios iseTi daxmareba, romelic xels Seuwyobs
maTi sicocxlis xangrZlivobis gazrdas, moxucTa janmrTe­
lobis dacvas, maT integrirebas sazogadoebaSi. mTeli qveynis
masStabiT saqvelmoqmedo organizacia aTasze met adamians ex­
mareba. mas aqvs xandazmulTa TavSesafari. aseve periodulad
marTavs ufaso kvebis aqciebs.
www.catharsis.ge

samoqalaqo aqtivobebis centri

centri 2011 wels dafuZnda. organizacia saqarTve­
los regionebSi muSaobs. misi saqmianoba moicavs adamianis
ZiriTadi uflebebis dacvas, aqtiuri moqalaqeobis xel­
Sewyobas, regionebSi samoqalaqo ganaTlebis gazrdas, moqa­
laqeTa CarTulobasa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi
maT monawileobas; erovnul umciresobaTa SesaZleblobebis
gaZlierebas, sazogadoebaSi maT srulfasovan integracias;
maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi problemebis gadawyvetas; Temebis mobilizaciasa da
mTis saTemo organizaciebis gaZlierebas; mTaSi mcxovrebTa socialur-ekonomi­
kuri pirobebis gaumjobesebas; regionebSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebis samoqalaqo
aqtivobis gazrdas da maTi iniciativebis ganxorcielebas; evrointegracias da am
procesSi axalgazrdebis monawileobas; samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis ganviTarebas.
www.activities.ge

saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (saia)

saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia 1994 wels
daarsda. misi mTavari devizia „kanonis uzenaesoba samarTlia­
nobisTvis“. organizacias ramdenime mizani aqvs, maT Soris:
adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacva; sazogadoebaSi
samarTalSegnebis donis amaRleba da kanonisadmi pativisce­
mis damkvidreba; samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da samarTlebrivi
saxelmwifos normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebeli
samarTlebrivi bazis Seqmna. organizacia wlebis ganmavlobaSi monitorings uwevs
iseT procesebs rogorebicaa: arCevnebi; cixeSi patimarTa mdgomareoba; sabiu­

31
jeto saxsrebis xarjva; adamianis uflebebis dacva da a.S. saia ufaso iuridiul
daxmarebas awvdis moqalaqeebs, organizaciam 2019 wels samarTlebrivi daxmare­
ba 37 291 adamians miawoda.
www. gyla.ge

samuSao 4.3

davalebaSi mocemulia:
• ilia WavWavaZis publicisturi werilebis amonaridebi, romlebSic is saub­
robs im dros arsebul erT-erT problemaze;
• informacia am problemebis sapasuxod Seqmnili saqarTveloSi erT-erTi
pirveli arasamTavrobo organizaciis Sesaxeb.

gaecaniT SemoTavazebul masalas da upasuxeT Semdeg SekiTxvebs:

• ra gavlenas axdenda ilia WavWavaZis mier gamokveTili problema sazoga­
doebaze?
• Tqveni azriT, ra iwvevda sazogadoebis pasiurobas?
• rogor xedavda ilia sazogadoebis rols am problemis mogvarebaSi?
• Tqveni azriT, rogor moaxerxes man da misma Tanamoazreebma sazogadoebis
CarTulobis gazrda?

1. Cvens qveyanaSi didi da 2. ratom moxda, rom swavlis da ganaTlebis nakle­

patara swavlis, ganaTlebis bulobaze aseTi samarTliani samduravi migviZR­
saxsars tiris da Civis, ma­ vis? .... mizezi is aris, rom droTa brunvam sxvis
gram mainc Svela arsad aris. mayureblad gagvxada, sxvaze imeds SegvaCviva da aman
sakvirvelic ar aris. ti­ sruliad warwymida CvenSi is TviTmoqmedebis Zal-
riliTa da viSiTa mteri ar Rone, romelic uwin iyo da romelic, Tuki sadme
Segvibralebso, ambobs Cveni aris, yvelgan xalxis bednierebis saTauria da sa­
glexuri andaza. sxvaze min­ fuZvelic. xsna Cveni TviTmoqmedebaSi da erToba­
doba _ qviSaze aSenebuli Se­ Sia. saca kaci TiTon ar aris, sxvisiT ara gakeTebu­
noba yofilao. la ra; sadac erTi veras akeTebs, iq ocsa da ormocs
erTad SeuZlia gaakeTos.
1877 weli. sazogadoeba
SeuZlebel moswavleTa 1877 weli. sazogadoeba SeuZlebel
SemweobisaTvis moswavleTa SemweobisaTvis

3. kaci is aris, vinc gaWirvebaSi cdilobs, rom simZime garemoebisa rogorme Seimsu­
buqos, an aqeT mouaros saqmes, an iqiT da rogorme uSvelos Tavs. aba, magaliTad, Cven
rogor unda vuSveloT Cvens Tavs? pirveli, rom Cveni sakuTari saswavleblebi unda
viqonioT, mere imisTana saswavleblebi, rom Cvens Svilebs binac hqondeT, sazrdoe­
bac da swavlac. yvelaze upirvelesi wamali es aris da amaze unda mieqces yovelive
Cveni yuradReba, mecadineoba da gamrjeloba. sxvisi mayurebeli mokvda uziarebelio,
naTqvamia.
1879 weli, Sinauri mimoxilva, maisi-ivnisi

32
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba
1879 wlis 15 maiss saqarTveloSi daarsda
erT-erTi pirveli arasamTavrobo organizacia
„qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe­
li sazogadoeba“. sazogadoeba 1923 wlamde ar­
sebobda da 6000-ze met wevrs aerTianebda. mis
wevrebs Soris iyvnen dimitri yifiani, ilia Wav­
WavaZe, iakob gogebaSvili, ivane maCabeli, niko
cxvedaZe, ekaterine gabaSvili, anastasia Tumani­
Svili, ana soloRaSvili da a.S.
organizaciam Tavisi saqmianobiT waruSleli
kvali datova saqarTvelos istoriaSi. sazoga­
doebam moRvaweobisas ramdenime gansakuTrebu­
li misia Seasrula: SeinarCuna da gaavrcela mSobliuri ena; gaaRviva erovnuli
suliskveTeba; sazogadoebis saqmianobaSi qalTa CarTulobiT win wamoswia Ta­
nasworobis idea.
organizaciis saxels ukavSirdeba qarTuli anbanidan 5 arqauli aso-niSnis
amoReba. sazogadoebis ZalisxmeviT daarsda ara­
erTi skola, gimnazia, biblioTeka. misma saqmiano­ ewvie bmuls da gaige ufro
bam safuZveli Cauyara sxva organizaciebis Camo­ meti organizaciis wevrebi­
sa da maTi saqmianobis Sesa­
yalibebasac. am saqmianobis Sedegad saqarTvelo
xeb: http://society.iliauni.edu.ge/
wera-kiTxvis mcodneTa ricxviT msoflioSi mow­
inave adgils ikavebda.

samuSao 4.4

Tqven naxeT, Tu rogor daarsda XIX saukunis saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo organi-

zacia, arsebul problemaze sapasuxod. gTavazobT kidev erT istorias, amjerad XXI
saukunis ambebidan. gaecaniT masalas da imsjeleT:
• rogor SeafasebT aRwerili problemis mniSvnelobas? Tqveni pozicia daasa­
buTeT;
• visze da rogor axdens is gavlenas?
• ra negatiuri Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves problemis mougvareblobas?
• Tqveni azriT, ra roli akisria am problemis mogvarebaSi sazogadoebas?
saxelmwifos?
• ratom gaxda arasamTavrobo organizaciis Camoyalibeba saWiro?
• ratom iyo aucilebeli TanamSromloba problemis mosagvareblad?
• ram ganapiroba advokatirebis kampaniis efeqturoba?
• ra Sedegebi mohyva am kampanias nikosTvis? fSav-xevsureTisa da gudamayris
mosaxleobisTvis? saqarTvelosTvis?

33
 ardotis mkvidris, mesazRvre niko ar- fSav-xevsureT-gudamayris sof­
dotelis, saubris nawyveti „mTis ambebis“ le­bis mosaxleoba mTidan adgilob­
mier gadaRebul videorgolidan „qvebTan rivebis, gansakuTrebiT ki axalgaz­
molaparake“: rdebis, migraciis erT-erT mTavar
„qveyana iqiTaa, Sen aqeTa xar. araferi mizezad satelefono kavSirze da
gesmis... sainformacio wyaro ar gagvaCnia, internetze xelmiuwvdomlobas asa­
mTlianad gare sivrces varT mowyvetile­ xe­
lebda. es informacia „sa­moqalaqo
bi... gza, eleqtroenergia, satelefono da aqtivobebis centris“ mier 2017-2018
internetkavSiri _ ai, es oTxi rame aris, wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad
rac unda vTxovo mTel saqarTvelos da gax­da cnobili.
mTel mosaxleobas. gadagvarCineT, gviS­
https://mtisambebi.ge/news/people/item/1010
veleT, dagvexmareT, imitom rom sxva gza
ar aris CvenTvis“.

saqarTvelos zogierTi xeoba cxra

Tvis ganmavlobaSi mowyvetilia gare­
samyaros, adgilobrivebs kilometrebis
gavla uwevT im adgilamde misaRwevad,
sadac satelefono signalia da darek­
va SeuZliaT.

uyureT „mTis am­

bebis“ mier gadaRebul
videorgols „qvebTan
molaparake“.

problemis aRwera
ganviTarebuli movlenebi
am problemam sxvadasxva xeobaSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebi gaaerTiana. maT
samoqalaqo aqtivobebis centrisa da „mTis ambebis“ xelSewyobiT saTemo or­
ganizacia „mTis saTemo qseli“ daarses da fSav-xevsureTisa da gudamayris
sofle­­bis­
Tvis internetis miwodebis mizniT advokatirebis kampania wamoiwyes.
am kampaniis nawili iyo „mTis ambebis“ mier saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da
momzadebuli ramdenime videorgoli, maT So­ mdgradi ganviTarebis saminis­
ris, „qvebTan molaparake“, romelic naxevar tros maRalCinosanTa SefasebiT,
milionze metma adamianma naxa. advokatirebis es proeqti aris sa­xel­mwifos, ara­
kampaniaSi sakuTari wvlili Seitana mcire da samTavrobo seq­­­torisa da do­nori
saSualo satelekomunikacio operatorebis organi­zaciebis TanamSromlo­
asociaciamac, romelmac fSav-xevsureTis da bis war­­­
m atebuli ma­
ga­liTi. maTi
gudamayris internetizaciis proeqti Seadgina erToblivi Za­lisxmeviT moxerxda
da „mTis saTemo qsels“ ekonomikis saministros­ am metad mniS­vnelovani regionis
interneti­zacia.
Tanac uSuamdgomla. TanamSromloba da advoka­
tirebis kampania Sedegiani aRmoCnda, 2018 wels
saqarTvelos mTavrobam ganacxada, rom am mniS­
vnelovan proeqts is daafinansebda.

34
 xelisuflebam proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad marTlac gamoyo 246 aTa­
si lari, proeqtis dafinansebaSi wvlili Seitanes amerikulma organizaci­
am „internetsazogadoeba“ (ISOC), saqarTveloSi CexeTis saelCom da duSeTis
munici­palitetis meriam. saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da saerTaSoriso orga­
nizaciebis mxardaWeriT, arasamTavrobo organizacia „mTis saTemo qseli“
fSav-xevsureTisa da gudamayris xeobis 76 sofels, 496 ojaxs, 1291 mudmiv
mcxov­rebels internetTan daakavSirebs. proeqtma internetTan 4 sajaro sko­
lac daakavSira.

Sedegebi
2019 wlis noembris monacemebiT,
fSav-xevsureTisa da gudamayris xeo­
bis 60-ze meti sofeli ukve daifara
ukabelo internetiT.
arasamTavrobo organizacia „mTis
saTemo qseli“ ganagrZobs muSaobas.
mas ramdenime mizani aqvs, maT Soris,
saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi samo­
qalaqo da cifruli ganaTlebis xel­
Sewyoba; saxelmwifo Tu sxva servi­
sebze xelmisawvdomoba; maRalmTian
dasaxlebebSi Temis mobilizacia.

ardotis mkvidris, niko ardotelis saubris nawyve-

ti `mTis ambebis~ mier gadaRebuli videorgolidan
„niko kavSirzea!“
„axla xan sizmarSi mgonia Tavi, rom ojaxs
SegiZ­
lia, yovelTvis daelaparako. gaWirvebul
adamians daexmarebi, vinmes gaagebineb, ra gviWirs.
amaze didi sikeTe ar vici, ra SeiZleba yofiliyo.
Tu ase mo­vuf­rTxildebiT erTmaneTs, maSin Zliere­
bi viqnebiT... axla gaCnda imis wyurvili, safuZveli
daido imisa, rom vicocxloT aq, aRar davtovoT es xeoba. sxva ra unda iTxovo,
sxva ra unda inatro am qveyanaze, roca SegiZlia xma gaagono, ojaxisa icode,
megobrebisa, qveynisa... RmerTma dalocos, vinc ifiqra, vinc gadawyviteT, vinc
gulTan axlos miitaneT Cveni gaWirveba. es Zvra gadamdebi unda iyos. sulidan
gamovida es tkivili - simartovis SegrZneba, dRes Cemi saxlidan pirvelad gav­
igone xma baridan.“

2017 wels internetis miwodeba SesaZlebeli gaxda TuSeTis­

Tvisac. faqtebi mowmobs, rom internetTan wvdoma dadebiTad
aisaxa turizmis ganviTarebaze.
uyureT „mTis ambebis“ mier gadaRebul videorgols „niko ka­
vSirzea!~

35
 • msoflioSi 10 milionze meti arasamTavrobo organizaciaa;
• termini `arasamTavrobo organizacia~ pirvelad 1945 wels
axlad Camoyali­bebulma gaerTianebuli erebis organizaci-
am (gaerom) gamoiyena;
• 27 Tebervals msoflioSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
saerTaSoriso dRe aRiniSneba;
• 2018 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi 24042 registrirebuli
da 2000-mde moqmedi sazogadoebrivi organizaciaa.

saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.

#1 moZebneT qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebelTa

sazogadoebis wevrebis eleqtronuli saZiebeli da gadaamow­
meT, Tqveni romelime winapari an mogvare xom ar iyo am sazo­
gadoebis wevri.
#2 moiZieT informacia, saidan iRebda `qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamav­
rcelebeli~ sazogadoeba dafinansebas. moZiebul informaciaze dayrdno­
biT moamzadeT werilobiTi angariSi (maqs. 150 sityva) da gaacaniT Tana­
klaselebs an ganaTavseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.
#3 moiZieT informacia Tqvens regionSi momuSave arasamTavrobo organi­
zaciebis Sesaxeb. ramdeni arasamTavrobo muSaobs? ra aris maTi saqmiano­
bis sfero? amaSi SeiZleba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis portali dagexma­roT
www.cso.ge an sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis vebgverdi www.csogeorgia.
org. mopovebul monacemebze moamzadeT sainformacio posteri da gaacaniT
Tana­klaselebs an ganaTavseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.

36
5. saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi

paragrafis gacnobamde upasuxeT Semdeg kiTxvebs:

• Tqveni azriT, ra SemTxvevaSi TanamSromloben arasamTavrobo organi-
zaciebi erTmaneTTan?
• ras fiqrobT, rodis xdeba saWiro msoflios masStabiT moqalaqeTa Za-
lebis gaerTianeba?

rogorc naxeT, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianoba mravalferovania.

isini xSirad ramdenime mimarTulebiT muSaoben, Tumca ZiriTadad calkeuli
problemebis mogvarebas cdiloben. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi gansxvavdebi­
an imiTac, Tu sad saqmianoben isini: erT konkretul qalaqSi, erT qveyanaSi Tu
mTel msoflios faraven TavianTi saqmianobiT. am niSniT arasamTavrobo organi­
zacia SeiZleba iyos adgilobrivi an saerTaSoriso.
adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi Temis, qalaqis an qveynis masSta­
biT arsebuli gamowvevebis sapasuxod iqmneba. isini adgilobrivad muSaoben,
saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianoba ki bevr sxvadasxva qvey­
anas moicavs. isini saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, nebayoflobiT da
mTavrobebisgan damoukideb­lad eWidebian iseT problemebs, romlebic global­
uri mniSvnelobisaa. aseTia, maga­liTad, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli organi­
zacia eqimebi sazRvrebs gareSe, rome­lic 1971 wels daarsda da SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtebiTa da bunebrivi katastrofebiT dazaralebuli mosaxleobis samed­
icino momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofs.
saerTaSoriso organizaciebze saubrisas, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan er­
Tad, unda vaxsenoT saerTaSoriso saxelmwifoTaSoriso organizaciebi, romlebic
aseve mTeli msofliosTvis saerTo gamowvevebis dasaZlevad iqmnebian. saxelmwi­
foTaSorisi organizaciebis SemTxvevaSi problemebis mosagvareblad sxvadasxva
qveynis mTavrobebi aerTianeben Zalebs. magaliTad, gaerTianebuli erebis orga­
nizacia (gaero), romelic 1945 wels Seiqmna sayovelTao mSvidobis uzrunvelsa­
yofad, dReisTvis 193 qveyanas aerTianebs, maT Soris, saqarTvelosac.
saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo da saxelmwifoTaSorisi organizaciebi gansa­
kuTrebul rols TamaSoben msoflioSi mSvidobis damyarebasa da adamianis ufle­
bebis dacvaSi; xels uwyoben saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebas da cdiloben ekologi­
uri problemebis mogvarebas. msgavsi organizaciebi TavianTi miznis misaRwevad
Tavadac axorcieleben proeqtebs, xSirad TanamSromloben erTmaneTTan, sxva­
dasxva qveynis mTavrobebTan Tu adgilobriv arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan.

samuSao 5.1

gaecaniT saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobebs da imsjeleT:

• ratom gaxda saWiro msgavsi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis Seqmna?
• vis exeba problemebi, romelTa mogvarebazec es organizaciebi muSaoben?
• ratom ver moxerxdeboda am problemebis adgilobrivad daZleva?
• Tqveni azriT, rogor axerxeben gansxvavebuli kulturisa da tradiciebis
adamianebi msoflios sxvadasxva qveynidan TanamSromlobasa da ZalTa gaer­
Tianebas?

37
bunebis dacvis msoflio fondi
bunebis dacvis msoflio fondi _ WWF (World Wildlife Fund)) 1961
wels daarsda. misi misia dedamiwis bunebrivi garemos ganadgure­
bis SeCereba da iseTi momavlis uzrunvelyofaa, romlis drosac
adamianebi bunebasTan harmoniul kavSirSi icxovreben.
50 welze metia, WWF ibrZvis bunebis dasacavad, moRvaweobs
100-ze met qveyanaSi. organizaciis mTavari mizania sxvadasxva
qveynis biologiuri mravalferovnebis dacvaa. is Zalisxmevas ar
iSurebs gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobebis dasacavad. miznis misaR­
wevad gaweuli samuSaoebis farglebSi fondma mravali warmatebuli proeqti
ganaxorciela. erT-erTi maTgani gigantur pandebs exeba. TqvenTvis, albaT, cno­
bilia, rom es mSvenieri cxovelebi sul cota xnis win gadaSenebis piras iyvnen.
CineTis mTavrobasTan fondis aqtiuri TanamSromlobiT giganturi pandebisTvis
specialuri daculi teritoriebi Seiqmna. erToblivma Zalisxmevam sasurveli
Sedegi gamoiRo da mokle xanSi pandebis raodenoba 17%-iT gaizarda, 2016 wli­
dan ki giganturi panda oficialurad aRar iTvleba gadaSenebis piras myof saxe­
obad.
WWF saqarTveloSi 1992 wlidan muSaobs da garemosdacviT proeqtebs axor­
cielebs. misi mxardaWeriTa da aqtiuri xelSewyobiT saqarTveloSi daculi
teritoriebi (borjom-xaragaulis, lagodexis, fSav-xevsureTis, mtiralas, ma­
Waxelas, WaWunas, vaSlovnis, javaxeTis, ajameTis, saTafliis, kintriSis, sagura­
mosa da Tbilisis erovnuli parkis saxiT) daarsda da/an ganviTarda.
tyis ekosistemebi WWF-is erT-
erTi mTavari sazrunavia, maga­ li­
Tad, mis mier ganxorcielebuli
proeqtis farglebSi wavkisisa da
xaSuris maxloblad 150 heqtari
far­­Tobis tye gaSenda.
2007 wels organizaciam wamo­
iwyo aqcia saxelwodebiT „dedami­
wis saaTi“, romelic yovelwliurad
martis TveSi aRiniSneba. aqcias
msof­ lios milionobiT adamiani
uerT­deba da erTi saaTiT uars am­
bobs eleqtroenergiis gamoyeneba­
ze.
organizaciis saqmianobas ufro detalurad gaecaniT maT vebgverdze
https://www.facebook.com/WWFGeorgia/

wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris saerTaSoriso moZraoba

wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso moZraobas 1863 wels Cae­
yara safuZveli, mogvianebiT ki mas `wiTeli jvrisa da wiTe­
li naxevarmTvaris saerTaSoriso moZraoba~ ewoda. moZraoba
nebayoflobiTi humanitaruli gaerTianebaa. Tavdapirvelad
misi mizani saomari moqmedebebis dros daWril jariskaceb­ze
zrunva iyo, Semdgom ki misma saqmianobam mSvidobiani mosax­

38
leobac moicva. dRes moZraobis mizania, daicvas
nobelis premia _ yovel­
adamianebis sicocxle da janmrTeloba, Seumsub­ wliuri saerTaSoriso pre­
uqos maT tanjva, daexmaros konfliqtebisa da mia. saxeli ewodeba misi
bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad dazaralebul damaarseblis, Svedi inJin­
pirebs. garda amisa, is uzrunvelyofs mosaxleo­ ris, qimikosis, gamomgoneb­
bisTvis sxvadasxva humanitaruli momsaxurebis mi­ lisa da mrewvelis alfred
wodebas, romlebic morgebulia adgilobrivi Teme­ b. nobelis pativsacemad.
bis saWiroebebs.
`wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris saerTaSoriso moZraoba~ msoflios
masStabiT ramdenime damoukidebel organizacias aerTianebs. moZraobaSi Semaval
organizaciebs saerTo principebi, miznebi da simboloebi aqvT. sul moZraobaSi
190 qveynis erovnuli sazogadoeba Sedis. maT Sorisaa saqarTvelos `wiTeli jvris
sazogadoebac~, romelic 1918 wels daarsda, 1923 wlidan is sabWoTa kavSiris
`wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris sazogadoebebis aliansis~ wevri gax­
da, 1995 wlidan ki kvlav damoukideblad ganagrZo muSaoba. am droi­dan moyole­
buli sazogadoeba araerT mniSvnelovan da saWiro saqmes akeTebs. kerZod, Temis
mosaxleobas bunebrivi katastrofebisTvis mzadyofnaSi exmareba, adgilobriv
xelisuflebasa da Sesabamis struqturebs bunebriv katastrofebze reagire­
bis procesSi uWers mxars, stiqiuri
ubedurebebisa da SeiaraRebuli kon­
fliqtebis dros dazaralebul mosax­
leobas sakvebiTa da saWiro nivTebiT
amaragebs. `saqarTvelos wiTeli jvris
sazogadoebam~ mniSvnelovani roli
iTa­­
maSa 2015 wlis 13 ivnisis stiqiis
Sede­gebis aRmofxvraSi.
sazogadoebis saqmianobis ukeT ga­
sacnobad ewvieT maT saits https://red-
cross.ge/

Amnesty International (saerTaSoriso amnistia)

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo or­ganizacia „Amnesty
International“ 1961 wels daarsda da msoflios masStabiT
ukve Svid milionze met adamians aerTianebs. misi mTa­
vari mizani adamianis uflebebis dacvaa. TavianTi saqmi­
anobiT organizaciis wevrebi cdilo­
ben, yvela adamians hqondes adamianis `adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao dek­
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciiT laracia~ erT-erTi fundamenturi xasi­
aTis dokumentia adamianis uflebebis
garantirebuli uflebebiT sargeb­
sferoSi. deklaracia miiRo gaeros genera­
lobis SesaZlebloba. organizacia
lurma asambleam 1948 wels.
ibrZvis sikvdiliT dasjis, wamebi­
sa da patimarTa mimarT sxva sastiki `adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao dek­­
­
mopyrobis winaaRmdeg; misi aqtiuri laraciiT~ gaTvaliswinebulia iseTi uf­
muSaobis Sedegad araerT qveyanaSi lebebi, rogorebicaa: sicocxlis uf­leba,
gauqmda sikvdiliT dasja, msofli­ piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba, mimoweris
os masStabiT aTiaTasobiT adamiani saidumloeba, miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos
mier dacvis ufleba da sxv.
gaTavisuf­ lda ukanono patimrobis­

39
gan. 1977 wels `saerTaSoriso amnistias~ mSvidobis dargSi
Tavisi damsaxurebisaTvis nobelis premia mieniWa.
https://www.amnesty.org/en/

samuSao 5.2

gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul oTx gamonaTqvams da imsjeleT:

• ratom unda iyos CarTuli samoqalaqo sazogadoeba msoflios masStabis
problemebis mogvarebaSi?
• rogor SeuZlia samoqalaqo sazoga­doebas msgavsi problemebis gadaw­yvetaSi
sakuTari wvlilis Setana?
• ra SemTxvevaSi miaRwevs samoqalaqo sazogadoeba dasaxul miznebs?
• ratom aris problemebis mosagvareblad TanamSromloba efeqturi?

`erTad Sekreba da­ „rodesac xelisufleba, adgi­

sawyisia, erTianobis lobrivi mcxovreblebi da spe­
SenarCuneba _ prog­ cialistebi cxovelTa dacvis
resi; erTad muSaoba sferoSi erTiandebian, SegviZ­
ki ukve warmatebaa~. lia iSviaTi saxeobebisa da maTi
adgilsamyoflis SenarCuneba“.
henri fordi,
fordis marko lambertini, bunebis
avtokompaniis dacvis msoflio fondis
damfuZnebeli xelmZRvaneli

`erT bavSvs, erT maswav­ „samoqalaqo sazo­ga­do­eba

lebels, erT wigns, erT aris mso­f­li­o­sadmi ada­
kalams SeuZlia Sec­ va­ mianis pa­­­­s uxis­m geblobis
los samyaro. ganaTle­ gan­­­­xor­­cielebis Se­saZ­­leb­
ba erTaderTi gamosava­ lobebidan erT-erTi“.
lia!~ vaclav haveli,
malala iusefzai, CexeTis prezidenti
uflebadamcveli

samuSao 5.3

gaecaniT sqemas, romelzec asaxulia saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi arasamTavro-

bo organizaciebis TanamSromlobis magaliTi da imsjeleT:
• ratom iyo es proeqti sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelovani?
• ramdenad aqtualuria problemebi, romlebzec Seiqmna animaciuri filmebi?

40
 saqarTvelos
socialur
muSakTa asociacia samoqalaqo
evrokavSiri integraciis fondi
hilfsverk avstria

evrokavSirisa da avstriis Ta­ proeqtis „mas­

avstriis
ganviTarebis namSromlobis saagentos dafinansebiT wav­ leblebi da so­
TanamSromlobis saerTaSoriso organizacia „hilfsverk cialuri muSake­bi
saagento avstria“ oTx qveyanaSi (saqarTveloSi, usafrTxo ojaxis­
somxeTSi, azerbaijansa da moldovaSi) Tvis“ farglebSi ram­­­
axorcielebda proeqts „socialur mu­ denime saintere­so
SakTa TanamSromloba socialuri gan­ aqtivoba ganxorci­
viTarebisTvis aRmosavleT evropis elda. maT Soris
qvey­nebSi“. so­cialuri muSake­
saqarTveloSi misi partniori iyo bis Ca­r­TulobiT
socialuri mu­Sa­oba adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organi­ gamoik­veTa aqtual­
aris profesia, rome­ zacia „saqarTvelos socialur muSak­ uri pro­­­b­­­­­lemebi da
lic miznad isaxavs ada­ Ta asociacia“. Seiq­mna animaciebi:
mianebis mxar­daWeras proeqti miznad isaxavda socialu­ „naadrevi qorwine­
da sazogadoebisTvis ri muSaobis ganviTarebasa da arasam­ ba“, „ojaxSi Zal­
sa­sikeTo cvlilebebis Tavrobo seqtoris gaZlierebas. am adoba“, „bulingi
ganxorcielebas. mizniT `saqarTvelos socialur mu­ sko­laSi“. Seqmnil
profesiis Sesa­ SakTa asociaciam~ araerTi RonisZieba ma­salaSi kargad Cans
xeb metis gasagebad Caatara. maT Soris, moawyo treninge­ socialuri muSake­
naxeT proeqtis _ bi socialuri muSakis rolisa da bis roli. animaciu­
„socialur muSakTa funqciebis gaazrebisTvis; gamoac­ ri filmebi skoleb­
Ta­namSromloba soci­ xada Te­ maturi sagranto konkur­ Si moswavleebsa da
aluri ganviTarebis­ si adgilob­ rivi arasamTavrobo or­ maT mSoblebs uC­
Tvis aRmosavleT ev­ ganizaciebisTvis. konkursSi xuTma ve­­nes, riTac xeli
ropis qveynebSi“ _ organizaciam gaimarjva, romelTa Se­ uwyves am proble­
farglebSi Seqmnili proeqtebmac saqarTvelos 6 regioni mebisa da socialu­
vi­deo saxelwodebiT moicva. konkursis erT-erTi gamar­ ri muSaobis Sesaxeb
„socialuri muSaoba jvebuli iyo samoqalaqo integraciis cnobierebis amaRle­
samarTliani sazoga­ fondis proeqti „maswavleblebi da bas.
doebisTvis!~. socialuri muSakebi usafrTxo ojax­
isTvis“.

kadrebi animaciuri filmebidan

samuSao 5.4

imsjeleT, kidev romeli problemis irgvliv unda gaaerTianon Zalebi adamianebma?

CamowereT ramdenime gamowveva, romlebic, Tqveni azriT, aqtualuria mTeli msof-

41
liosTvis da maTi daZlevisTvisac saWiroa adamianebis erToblivi Zalis­xme­va.
dafiqrdiT, Tqven ris gakeTeba SegiZliaT SerCeuli problemebis mogvarebisTvis?
daasabuTeT Tqveni mosazreba da gaacaniT klass.

samuSao 5.5

ewvieT sait kahoot.com-s, moZebneT TamaSi `moqalaqeoba _ arasamTavrobo organi-

zaciebi~ da SeamowmeT, ramdenad kargad gaxsovT IV-V paragrafebSi naswavli masala.

`wiTeli jvris~ moxaliseebi saqarTvelodan

saqarTvelos erovnuli gmiri maro mayaSvili `wiTeli jvris~
moxalise iyo. is 1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis jarebTan brZolaSi 19
wlis asakSi daiRupa.
maro mayaSvils saqarTvelos damoukideblobisTvis brZolaSi
gamoCenili gmirobisa da qveynis winaSe gaweuli RvawlisTvis 2015
wels erovnuli gmiris wodeba mieniWa. is pirveli qalia, romel-
sac oficialurad ewoda saqarTvelos erovnuli gmiri.

nino jorjaZe 1884 wels daibada. igi saqarTveloSi pirveli

fotomoyvaruli qalia. man moaxerxa, pirveli msoflio omi saku-
Tar obieqtivSi aesaxa da mniSvnelovani fotoarqivi Semogvinaxa.
omSi wasasvlelad ninom specialurad gaiara meddis kursebi da
`wiTeli jvris~ saerTaSoriso organizaciis moxalise gaxda. man
kavkasiis frontidan pirvelma aRbeWda omis mniSvnelovani mov-
lenebi. nino jorjaZe 1968 wels gardaicvala.

maro mayaSvili nino jorjaZe

42
 saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.

#1 gadadiT miTiTebul bmulze da SeamowmeT, wels romel ricxvSi aRiniSneba

dedamiwis dRe https://www.earthhour.org/.
#2 gadadiT miTiTebul bmulze da naxeT bunebis dacvis msoflio
fondis vi­deo „together possible“. moifiqreT da dawereT, ratom
aris ioli gaerTianebuli ZalebiT problemebis gadaWra?
#3 moiZieT informacia romelime saerTaSoriso organizaciis
Sesaxeb da gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs.
#4 naxeT paragrafSi naxsenebi animaciuri filmebi bulingis, ojaxSi Zalado­
bisa da adreuli qorwinebis Sesaxeb da dawereT Txzuleba, rogor SeuZlia
rigiT moqalaqes wvlili Seitanos am problemebis mogvarebaSi.
#5 moiZieT informacia sxvadasxva Temaze momuSave adgilobrivi da saerTaSo­
riso organizaciebis Sesaxeb, daakvirdiT maT logoebs da imsjeleT, ram­
denad asaxavs/exmianeba logoebi am organizaciebis miznebs.

II blokis Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davalebebi

gTavazobT davalebebis CamonaTvals. mocemuli davalebebis Sesruleba gan-

vlili Temis Seswavlis procesSi SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebasa da, rac mTavaria,
mis ga­moyenebaSi dagexmarebaT.
davalebebi ramdenime tipisaa. zogierTi savaldebuloa, Tumca Tqven SegiZliaT
Tavad gadawyvitoT, individualurad SeasrulebT Tu wyvilSi. davalebebis nawili
arCeviTia _ TviTon airCevT, romlis Sesruleba gsurT da TviTonve gadawyvetT,
individualurad gindaT muSaoba, wyvilSi Tu jgufurad. davalebebis mesame kate­
goria arasavaldebuloa da Tqveni gadasawyvetia, yvelas SeasrulebT, ramdenimes,
Tu arc erTs (kompleqsuri davalebebis Sesrulebamde gaecaniT #4 danarTs).
moemzadeT, Tqven SegiZliaT, Tqveni proeqti arasamTavrobo organizaci­
asTan TanamSromlobis gziT ufro Sedegiani gaxadoT.

savaldebulo kompleqsuri davaleba

saitebze cso.ge da csogeorgia.org moiZieT informacia Tqvens regionSi arse­
buli adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb.
airCieT iseTi organizacia, romlis saqmianobac Tqveni proeqtisTvis SerCeul
problemas ukavSirdeba. gaecaniT organizaciis saqmianobas da miRweul Sede­
gebs. moZiebuli informaciis safuZvelze SeqmeniT slaidSou PowerPoint an weri-
lobiTi angariSi, romelsac gaacnobT klass.
slaidSouSi/ werilobiT angariSSi mkafiod unda iyos warmodgenili:
• SerCeuli arasamTavrobo organizaciis saqmianobis tipi (adgilobrivi Tu
saerTaSoriso; „modaraje“, analitikuri, sazogadoebis gamaZlierebeli Tu
momsaxurebis mimwodebeli);
• romel saerTo saWiroebebsa Tu problemebs pasuxoben? ra Sedegebi aqvs
maT saqmianobas?

43
 • organizaciis mier ganxorcielebuli erTi proeqti, romelic gansakuTre­
bulad pasuxobda Temis saWiroebebs da gamowvevebs da romlis Sedegic
TvalnaTelia (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi);
• rogor uwyobs demokratiis ganviTarebas xels arasamTavrobo organi­
zaciebis aqtiuroba? demokratiis romeli principebi Zlierdeba samoqa­
laqo seqtoris CarTulobiT?

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davalebebidan SeasruleT minimum erTi.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #1

dafiqrdiT, savaldebulo kompleqsuri davalebis Sesrulebisas ra mimar­

TulebiT SegiZliaT TanamSromloba SerCeul arasamTavrobo organizaciasTan
da miswereT werili.
werilSi naTlad unda warmoaCinoT:
• Tqven mier dawerili da ganxorcielebuli/ ganxorcilebis procesSi myofi
proeqtis Tematika, miznebi, Sedegebi, dagegmili aqtivobebi;
• proeqtis farglebSi arasamTavrobo organizaciasTan TanamSromlobis
survili da dasabuTeba, Tu ratom iqneba TanamSromloba mniSvnelovani;
• rogor Seuwyobs xels Tqveni Zalebis/resursebis gaerTianeba saerTo
miznis miRwevas.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #2

moiwvieT skolaSi arasamTavrobo or­

ganizaciis warmomadgeneli da moawyveT
Tok-Sous formatis Sexvedra. Sexvedraze
moiwvieT skolis sazogadoeba.
Sexvedris Sesaxeb SeqmeniT videorgo-
li.
videorgolSi naTlad gamokveTeT:
• organizaciis saqmianobis sfero;
maTi saqmianobis Sedegebi da mniSvne­
loba sazogadoebisTvis;
• organizaciasTan saskolo proeqtebis farglebSi TanamSromlobis SesaZ­
lebloba;
• organizaciis saqmianobaSi moswavleTa moxalised CarTulobis SesaZ­lebloba.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #3

daukavSirdiT Tqvens regionSi momuSave erT-erT arasamTavrobo organi­

zacias da sTxoveT maT ofisSi sainformacio vizitis mowyoba. vizitis dros
SeadgineT STabeWdilebebis dRiuri, romelsac gauziarebT Tanaklaselebs.

STabeWdilebebis dRiurSi naTlad unda gamoikveTos:

• arasamTavrobo organizaciis saqmianoba da misi moRvaweobis Sedegebi;
• organizaciis TanamSromlobis magaliTebi sxva organizaciebTan an saxel­
mwifo struqturebTan da am TanamSromlobis Sedegebi;
• ra exmareba organizacias proeqtebis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi;
• organizaciis saqmianobaSi moswavleTa moxalised CarTulobis SesaZlebloba.

44
 arasavaldebulo davaleba

moiZieT informacia (saitebze cso.ge da csogeorgia.org) saqarTveloSi moqme­

di saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb. SeiswavleT am orga­
nizaciebis saqmianoba (ewvieT maT vebgverdebs) moZiebuli informaciis safuZ­
velze SeqmeniT infografika,

infografikaSi naTlad gamoxateT:

• ZiriTadad ra mimarTulebiT saqmianoben saqarTveloSi moqmedi saerTaSo­
riso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi?
• kidev romel qveynebSi aqvT maT msgavsi proeqtebi? raze metyvelebs es
informacia?
• ra Sedegebi moaqvs maT mier ganxorcielebul proeqtebs qveynisa da msof­
lios masStabiT.

praqtikuli rCevebi:
• Tuki klasSi ramdenime jgufi erTsa da imave sakiTxze muSaobs da arasamTav­
robo organizaciac erTi da igive SearCieT, dagegmeT aqtivobebi erToblivad;
• Tuki Tqvens regionSi ar arsebobs Tqven mier SerCeul problemaze momuSave
arasamTavrobo organizacia, moZebneT am problemaze momuSave sainiciati­
vo jgufi;
• Tu arc sainiciativo jgufi arsebobs, CamoayalibeT Tqveni mosazreba, ra­
tom aris saWiro sazogadoebis aqtiuroba Tqven mier SerCeuli problemis
mosagvareblad;
• #2 da #3 arCeviTi davalebebis arCevis SemTxvevaSi gaiTvaliswineT, rom
maTi Sesruleba rekomendebulia jgufurad. orive SemTxveaSi aucilebelia
winaswar gaecnoT informacias organizaciis Sesaxeb, moamzadoT kiTxvebi,
romelsac Sexvedraze dasvamT;
• Tuki organizaciis warmomadgenlebis skolaSi mowveva airCieT, winaswar unda
SearCioT Sexvedris TariRi da adgili, SueTanxmdeT mowveul stumrebs or­
ganizaciidan da audtorias, romelsac dapatiJebT Sexvedraze. umjobesia, am
davalebis jgufurad Sesruleba. gadainawileT rolebi vin moiZiebs infor­
macias organizaciis Sesaxeb (maTi vebgverdis/telefonis nomris, romelsac
zemoT xsenebul saitebze ipoviT, saSualebIT), vin moipatiJebs stumrebs, vin
dasvams kiTxvebs, vin gadaiRebs videoebs, vin daamontaJebs da a.S.;
• Tu gadawyviteT organizacias ewvioT ofisSi, winaswar gansazRvreT vin
daukavSirdeba organizacias (sasurvelia gamoiyos erTi sakontaqto piri),
vin gaafrTxilebs mSoblebs, vin Seadgens vizitze wamomsvlel moswavleTa
sias, vin moagvarebs transportirebis sakiTxs da a.S. Tumca gaiTvalis­
wineT, rom STabeWdilebebis dRiuri individualurad unda gaakeToT.

globaluri _ saerTo, mTliani, erTad aRebuli. rac mTel msoflios moicavs.

humanitaruli _ is, rac miznad isaxavs an exmareba adamianebis keTildReobisa da
bednierebis gaZlierebas.
humanitaruli daxmareba _ gadaudebeli daxmareba, romelic miznad isaxavs adamianebis
sicocxlis gadarCenas da krizisis (epidemiebis, stiqiuri ubedurebebis da a.S) Sedegad
dazaralebuli mosaxleobis mZime mdgomareobidan gamoyvanas.

45
 tradiciuli da socialuri media
6. ra aris media da ra funqciebi aqvs mas?

paragrafis gacnobamde upasuxeT Semdeg kiTxvebs:

• Tqveni azriT, ra exmareba adamians gaazrebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi?
• saidan SeiZleba iRebdes adamiani TavisTvis misTvis saWiro, sando da
saintereso informacias?

rogorc gaxsovT, demokratiis erT-erTi

mTavari maxasiaTebeli qveyanaSi aqtiuri samo­ yvela adamians aqvs ufle­
qalaqo sazogadoebis arsebobaa. sazogadoebis ba, Tavisuflad miiRos da
gaavrcelos informacia. yve­
aqtiurobaze, pirvel rigSi, metyvelebs moqa­
las aqvs internetze wvdomisa
laqeebis monawileoba arCevnebSi da sazoga­
da internetiT Tavisuflad
doebisTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gadawyvetis sargeblobis ufleba. masob­
procesSi, xolo imisTvis, rom moqalaqem swori rivi informaciis saSualebebi
arCevani gaakeTos da gaazrebuli wvlili Se­ i­ unda iyos Tavisufali da maTi
ta­nos qveynis ganviTarebaSi, aucilebelia, is cenzura dauSvebelia.
obieqtur da amomwurav informacias flobdes
mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb. amaSi mas media ex­ saqarTvelos konstituciis
me-17 muxlis adaptirebuli
mareba. swored amitom samoqalaqo sazogadoeba­
versia.
ze laparakisas gverds ver avuvliT mis erT-erT
umTavres warmomadgenels _ Tavisufal masmedi­
as (ara rogorc bizness, aramed rogorc informaciis gamavrcelebels).
informaciis miReba da gacvla odiTganve adamianis interesis sfero iyo.
Cveni winaprebi uZvelesi droidan cdilobdnen informaciis gavrcelebis gze­
bis povnas: isini gamoqvabulis kedlebze xatavdnen, Setyobinebebs kvamlis dax­
marebiT gadascemdnen, xan malemsrbolebs abarebdnen saTqmels da xanac mtre­
debs atandnen baraTebs. SedarebiT mogvianebiT, individualuri Setyobinebebis
garda, cdilobdnen, informacia mTel sazogadoebamde mietanaT, ma­ ga­
liTad,
Zv.w. 59 wels romSi SemoiRes sajaro TavSeyris adgilebSi specialu­ri dafebis
gamofena, romlebzec qveyanaSi mim­
dinare movlenebis Sesaxeb infor­
macia iyo datanili. am dafebs aqta
diurna, anu yoveldRiuri ambebi,
ewodeboda. bevri istorikosi aqta
diurnas ideas iulius keisars mi­
awers.
bunebrivia, zemoT CamoTvlili
xerxebi arc ise efeqturi iyo. in­
formaciis masobrivi gavrceleba
teqnologiebis ganviTarebam gaxa­
da SesaZlebeli. XV saukuneSi io­
han gutenbergma sabeWdi dazgis ga­
mogonebiT gaaadvila informaciis
gaziareba.

46
mediasaSualebebis warmoSoba
XVII saukunis dasawyisSi (1605 wels) strasburgSi daibeWda pirveli yovel­
kvireuli gazeTi, romelsac „gamorCeuli da sagulisxmo ambebis krebuli“ erqva.
Cvens qveyanaSi pirveli qarTuli gazeTi 1819 wels gamoica da mas „saqarTvelos
gazeTi“ erqva.

XX saukunem kacobriobas mediis sami mZlavri saSualeba aCuqa: saukunis da­

sawyisSi _ radio, mogvianebiT _ televizia, xolo saukunis miwuruls _ interne­
ti. saqarTveloSi radio 1925 wlidan funqcionirebs, televizia _ 1956 wlidan,
internetis moxmareba ki 1990-ani wlebidan gaxda SesaZlebeli.

mediis funqciebi
medias ramdenime funqcia akisria. rogorc ukve mixvdiT, erT-erTi maTgani
sazogadoebis informirebaa, Tumca amas garda, media asrulebs iseT mniSvnelovan
amocanebs, rogorebicaa: xelisuflebis Stoebis saqmianobis meTvalyureoba, ad­
vokatirebis gziT gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesze zemoqmedeba, sazogadoe­
bis ganaTleba, garToba, reklamireba da a.S.
CamoTvlili funqciebidanac naTlad Cans,
rom medias didi Zalaufleba aqvs. mas SeuZ­
lia, gavlena iqonios sazogadoebriv azrze
da, Sesabamisad, qveyanaSi mimdinare proceseb­
ze. misi mniSvnelobis xazgasasmelad medias
xSirad meoTxe xelisuflebasac uwodeben
(parlamentTan, mTavrobasTan da sasamarT­
losTan erTad).

samuSao 6.1

imsjeleT:
• ratom unda interesdebodnen adamianebi qveyanaSi da msoflioSi mimdinare
procesebiT?
• vis SeuZlia iyos informaciis gamavrcelebeli?
• ramdenad eTanxmebiT mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac medias e.w meoTxe xe­
lisuflebad moixseneben? ratom?
• ratom aris informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis Tavisufleba konsti­
tuciiT garantirebuli?

47
 samuSao 6.2

gaecaniT gamonaTqvamebs, daakvirdiT suraTs da imsjeleT:

• ratom aniWeben medias aseT mniSvnelobas?
• ra gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia medias demokratiul procesebze?
• rogor axdens media gavlenas sazogadoebriv azrze?
• ratom unda usmendes saxelmwifo medias?
• ra kavSirSia mediis Tavisufleba adamianis TavisuflebasTan?
• rogor gesmiT gamoTqma: gazeTi axla `saxelmwifoa saxelmwifoSis~?

„Cveni Tavisufleba damokidebulia pre­

sis Tavisuflebaze da misi SezRudva mis da­
kargvas niSnavs“.
Tomas jefersoni _ amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis me-3 prezidenti

„araferia imaze ufro saSineli tiranebis­

Tvis, vidre damoukidebeli presa“.
semiuel adamsi _ amerikeli politikuri moRvawe

`axlandels droSi gazeTi iseTi Zalaa, romelsac yoveli saxelmwifo valdebulia,

mudam daekiTxos, romlis azri da qadageba mudam mxedvelobaSi unda qondes; erTi sit­
yviT, gazeTi axla `saxelmwifoa saxelmwifoSi~~.
amonaridi sergi mesxis publicisturi werilidan

samuSao 6.3

gaecaniT amonaridebs ilia WavWavaZisa da sergei mesxis publicisturi werilebidan

da imsjeleT Semdeg Temebze:
• ra rols akisreben sergei mesxi da ilia WavWavaZe medias? ramdenad hgavs
maTi molodini mediis Tanamedrove funqciebs?
• rogor unda Seasrulos
sergi mesxi gazeT `droebis~ re­
mediam es funqciebi?
daqtori iyo. mas kargad esmo­
• ratom miaCnia ilias bevri da, ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo
Jurnalis arseboba sasi­ gazeTi sazogadoebrivi cxov­
xarulo ambad? rebis ganviTarebisTvis da saku­
Tar saqmes gansakuTrebuli pa­
• Tqven rogor fiqrobT, suxismgeblobiT ekideboda. igi
raze migvaniSnebs qveyana­ werda statiebs, asrulebda ko­
Si mravalferovani mediis reqtoris movaleobas da xSirad
arseboba? asoTamwyobic Tavad iyo.

48
 `qarTuls Jurnalistikas erTi movaleoba aqvs: Tvali gamoaWyetinos xalxs;
warsuli istoriuli cxovrebis mogonebiTa da ganaTlebuli xalxebis gacnobiT ga­
moaRviZos, gaagebinos, rom erT wertilze gaCereba damRupvelia xalxisaTvis, rom
visac sicocxle, kacuri sicocxle surs am deda-miwaze, is yvelaze pirvelaT xels
unda anZrevdes, Tavis Tavs unda icnobdes, Tavis samSoblo enas ar unda iviwyebdes~.
„ra moeTxoveba gazeTs?“ 1875 w. sergi mesxi

ilia WavWavaZem daaarsa gazeTi „ive­

ria“ da Tavadve iyo misi redaqtori.
„iveria“ iRvwoda qarTvelTa erovnu­
li TviTSegnebis amaRlebisa da poli­
tikuri damoukideblobis ideis popu­
larizaciisaTvis.

cxovreba rac ufro Zlieri da Ronieria, miT ufro bevri ram xdeba irgvliv da Sede­
gic imdenad uxvia, rom erTi Jurnalis Tvali ver gaswvdeba, erTi Jurnalis Rone ver
SeZlebs mis zidvas, amitomac ufro meti Jurnali ibadeba. es Jurnalebi sxvadasxva
ambavs gansxvavebulad yvebian da afaseben. swored es gamoarCevT maT erTmaneTis­
gan. amis gamo ki Jurnalebis simravle ara Tu sawyeni, aramed sasixarulo unda iyos
misTvis, visac uangarod uyvars Tavisi xalxi da surs misi bedniereba. Jurnalebis
simravle cxadad aCvenebs, rom xalxs ar sZinavs, fiqrobs, sjis; rom xalxSi trialebs,
moZraobs sxvadasxvanairi azri, romelTac erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli Jurnalis
meSveobiT gamoxataven.
„saqarTvelos moambeze“ 1862 w. ilia WavWavaZe

saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.
#1 moiZieT informacia romelime qarTuli gazeTis, radios an televiziis
Sesaxeb, magaliTad, romel wels daarsda, vin xelmZRvanelobs, ra Temebs
aSuqebs da a.S. (SegiZliaT, Tavad gaafarTooT sakiTxebis sfero).
#2 daakvirdiT mediis romelime saSualebas. Tqveni azriT, mediis romel fun­qcias
pasuxobs mis mier mowodebuli gadacemebi? moamzadeT werilobiTi angariSi da
gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs an ganaTavseT e.w. saSinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.
#3 dawereT ese „media, rogorc meoTxe xelisufleba“ an „Tavisufali mediis
mniSvneloba“.
#4 moZebneT informacia Zveli qarTuli gazeTebisa da Jurnalebis Sesaxeb.
mopovebuli informacia gaacaniT klass.

komunikacia _ informaciis gacvla or an met adamians Soris.

media _ masobrivi komunikaciis beWdviTi an eleqtronuli saSualeba, maT Soris,
interneti.
cenzura _ saxelmwifos mier masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis kontroli da zeda­m­
xedveloba.

49
7. ra gansxvavebaa tradiciul da socialur medias Soris?

paragrafis gacnobamde upasuxeT Semdeg kiTxvebs:

• riT gansxvavdeba XXI saukunis masmedia wina saukuneebis mediisgan?
• raSi SeiZleba daexmaros moqalaqes Tanamedrove media?

wina paragrafidan gaxsovT, rom adamianebi informacias mediis sxvadasxva

saSualebiT iReben. SegviZlia, es saSualebebi tradiciul da Tanamedrove me­
diad davyoT. tradiciul medias miekuTvneba _ televizia, gazeTi, radio, Ta­
namedroves ki _ socialuri media, romelze wvdomac adamianebs internetis sa­
SualebiT aqvT. socialuri mediis magaliTebia: blogebi, Facebook, YouTube da a.S.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, orive Taobis mediis erT-erTi funqcia informaci­
is gavrcelebaa, Tumca maT Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebacaa.
tradiciuli mediis saSualebiT, rogorc wesi, informacias profesiona­
li Jurnalistebi avrceleben. mediaarxebs hyavT redaqtorebi, romlebic pa­
suxs ageben masalis xarisxze. mkiTxveli, mayurebeli Tu msmeneli informaciis
miRebisas pasiuria, is mxolod Tvals adevnebs Jurnalistebis mier momzadebul
siuJetebs/statiebs, Tumca Tavad ver gamoTqvams azrs da ar erTveba masalis
Seqmnisa da Sefasebis procesSi.
ra xdeba socialuri medi­
is SemTxvevaSi? misi gamoyenebis
dros zRvari mayurebels/msme­
nels/mkiTxvelsa da axali ambebis
mimwodebels Soris waSlilia.
metic _ yvela adamians, romelic
socialuri qseliT sargeblobs,
SeiZleba hqondes sakuTari medi­a­
arxi. Tuki adamiani flobs raime
saxis informacias, mas SeuZlia,
socialuri mediis saSualebiT is
martivad gauziaros sazogadoebas da saxlidan gausvlelad gaxdes moqalaqe
Jurnalisti. magaliTad, Tu fanjridan gaixedavT da aRmoaCenT, rom wvims da
am informacias Facebook-ze dawerT, SesaZloa, Tqven im dRes romelime adamiani
dasvelebas gadaarCinoT, radgan man Tqveni statusidan miRebuli informaciis
gamo saxlidan qolgiT gamosvla gadawyvita. socialur medias bevri upirateso­
ba aqvs. internetisa da, Sesabamisad, socialuri mediis gakontroleba bevrad
rTulia, vidre tradiciuli mediis. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac arademokrati­
ul qveynebSi, sadac TiTqmis ar arsebobs Tavisufali tradiciuli media, moqa­
laqeebi informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis mTavar wyarod socialur medi­
as iyeneben. socialuri media adamians SesaZleblobas aZlevs, TviTon moiZios
misTvis saWiro informacia, gamoTqvas sakuTari mosazrebebi ama Tu im sazo­
gadoebriv sakiTxze. Tuki moqalaqeTa didi raodenoba afiqsirebs erTmaneTis
msgavs pozicias, maSin maT SeuZliaT, gavlena moaxdinon am sakiTxebis gadawyve­
tis procesze. faqtobrivad, socialuri media, pirdapiri demokratiis msgavsad,
TiToeul moqalaqes aZlevs sakuTari azris dafiqsirebisa da sazogadoebriv
procesebSi monawileobis saSualebas.

50
 samuSao 7.1

daakvirdiT suraTebs da imsjeleT, ra aris maTi mTavari saTqmeli?

teqnologiebis ganviTarebasTan erTad tradiciuli da socialuri media

sul ufro dauaxlovda erTmaneTs. televiziebs, radioebsa Tu gazeTebs, ro­
gorc wesi, sakuTari socialuri gverdi aqvT da sazogadoebas informacias aw­
vdian rogorc tradiciuli arxebiT, ise _ socialuri qselebis saSualebiT.
amasTan, xSirad naxavT, rogor aSuqebs tradiciuli media socialur mediaSi
gamoqveynebul ambebs, magaliTad, adamianebis saintereso statusebs.

samuSao 7.2

gaecaniT tradiciuli mediis gverdebs socialur qselebSi da imsjeleT:

• ratom dasWirda tradiciul medias socialuri mediis aTviseba?
• raSi exmareba es sazogadoebas?

gazeTi `kviris palitra~

`kviris palitra~ yovelkvireuli sazoga­
doebriv-politikuri gazeTia. gamodis orSaba­
TobiT, Tumca misi socialuri qseli yoveldRe
axldeba.
gazeTis vebgverdia https://www.kvirispalitra.ge/

radio JAKO FM
JAKO FM 2006 wlidan FM 96.3 sixSi­
reze mauwyeblobs da emsaxureba spor­
tis sferos popularizacias.
radios vebgverdia http://jako.fm/

51
sazogadoebrivi mauwyebelis pirveli arxi
sazogadoebrivi mauwyebelis pirveli arxi 1956 wlidan gadis eTerSi.
pirveli arxis vebgverdia https://1tv.ge/

samuSao 7.3

• venis diagrams saSualebiT Sea­

dareT erTmaneTs tradiciuli da
socialur media (imuSaveT rveul­
Si). tradiciuli socialuri
media media
• imsjeleT, Tqveni azriT, ra dade­
biTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi aqvs
TiToeul maTgans?

moqalaqe Jurnalistebi
internetma sainformacio sivrce saxalxo
gaxada. adamianebs, romlebic socialuri mediiT moqalaqe Jurnalistebi „seri­
mniSvnelovan video- an audiomasalas avrcele­ ozul Jurnalistur funqcias
asruleben. rigiTi moqalaqe,
ben, moqalaqe Jurnalistebs uwodeben. maT mier
am sityvis pirdapiri Tu ga­
Seqmnili da gaziarebuli masala xSirad gansa­
dataniTi mniSvnelobiT, msof­
kuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs da mniSvnelo­ lios Tvali da yuria“.
van gavlenas axdens sazogadoebaze. moqalaqe
jorjTaunis universitetis
Jurnalisti SeiZleba gaxdes yvela, visac fo­
axali mediis specialisti,
toaparati, mobiluri telefoni an interneti da adel iskanderi
kompiuteri aqvs. moqalaqe Jurnalistebis roli
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania iseT adgilebSi,
sadac profesionali Jurnalistebi naklebad arian. aseT dros moqalaqes Seu­
Zlia, Jurnalistad iqces da sazogadoebas faseuli informacia miawodos.
2012 wels saqarTveloSi specialuri proeqtic ki ganxorcielda _ „moqalaqe
Jurnalistebi gamWvirvale da samarTliani arCevnebisTvis“. proeqtis fargleb­
Si profesional JurnalistebTan erTad, arCevnebs moqalaqe Jurnalistebic ak­
virdebodnen da aSuqebdnen.
moqalaqe Jurnalistebis masalas xSirad tradiciuli da onlainmediac
iyenebs. bevr mediasaSualebas aqvs sivrce, sadac moqalaqeebs sakuTari blog­
postebis gamoqveyneba SeuZliaT.

52
moqalaqe Jurnalistobis magaliTi
irma beberaSvili lanCxuTis municipalitetis sofel nigvzianidanaa. man sa­
kuTar feisbuqgverdze dawera statusi, romelSic aRwera nigvzianSi arsebu­
li uwyloobis problema. irma lanCxuTis municipalitetis merias mouwodebda,
droulad uzrunveleyo soflisTvis sasmeli wylis miwodeba. misma statusma
maleve miiqcia adgilobrivi mediis yuradReba, regionalurma gazeTma „guriis
moambem“ irmas statusi sakuTar vebgverdze ganaTavsa.
• dafiqrdiT: rogor daexmara moqalaqe gazeTs? rogor SeiZleba gazeTma Sei­
tanos wvlili zemoT moyvanili problemis mogvarebaSi?

es sainteresoa
kupatas istoria
2020 wlis dasawyisSi baTumeli ZaRli kupata mTelma msof-
liom gaicno. yvelaferi ki mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac baTumelma
beqa cinaZem gadaiRo da socialur qselSi atvirTa video, rogor
aci­lebs ZaRli bavSvebs `zebra~ gadasasvlelze. kupatam sazo-
gadoebis interesi da siyvaruli daimsaxura. is adgilobrivi da
saerTaSoriso mediis yuradRebis epicentrSi moeqca. dRes mas sa-
kuTari feisbuqgverdi, varskvlavi, saxli da, rac mTavaria, xal­
xis siyvaruli aqvs.
kupatas Sesaxeb SegiZliaT naxoT video „ZaRli bavSvebs quCis
gadakveTaSi exmareba“.

53
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da socialuri media
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevrebi informaciis farTo auditoriamde misa­
tanad xSirad iyeneben socialuri mediis sxavadasxva saSualebas: blogs, Face-
book-is, Youtube-is gverdebs. es gasakviri arc aris, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom,
2019 wlis monacemebiT, TiTqmis 3,5 miliardi adamiani moixmars socialur medi­
as, Sesabamisad, informaciis gasavrceleblad misi gamoyeneba efeqturia. arasam­
Tavrobo organizaciebi da sainiciativo jgufebi TavianTi saqmianobisa da mniS­
vnelovani sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb informaciis farTo auditoriamde
misatanad xSirad swored socialur medias iyeneben, rac maT mxardamWerebis
mobilizebaSi exmareba. garda amisa, socialuri media advokatirebis kampaniebis
ganuyofeli nawilia.

samuSao 7.4

gaecaniT internetisa da socialuri qselebis momxmarebelTa 2019 statistikur

monacemebsa da kanadeli filosofosis, marSal makluenis gamonaTqvams da imsjeleT:
• rogor gesmiT makluenis gamonaTqvami?
• ra Secvala internetis gamogonebam msofliosTvis?
• ra dadebiTi da uaryofiTi Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves internetisa da so­
cialuri qselebis globalur moxmarebas?

2019 wlis monacemebiT,

msoflios mosaxleobis 57%, 4
miliardze meti adamiani, moix­
mars internets, xolo TiTqmis
3,5 miliardi socialur mediis
qselebis momxmarebelia. aRsaniS­
navia, rom msoflios mosaxleo­
bis mxolod 56% cxovrobs qalaq­
is tipis dasaxlebaSi.

makluenis azriT, eleqtronuli media msoflios globalur soflad aqcevs, misi

TqmiT: `globaluri sofeli erTdroulad planetasaviT farTo da mcire qalaqiviT
pataraa~.

rogor SevqmnaT socialuri mediis gverdebi?

blogi
blogi aris vebsaiti, romlis Seqmna da marTva sakmaod martivia da romelic
saSualebas gvaZlevs, ufasod gavavrceloT informacia. blogis Seqmna SegiZli­
aT Semdeg saitebze: https://wordpress.com/https:/; /www.blogger.com/
blogis dasaregistrireblad unda SexvideT romelime saitze, magaliTad,
wordpress.com-ze da mihyveT instruqcias:

54
#1 nabiji: daaWireT Rilaks Create Website #2 nabiji: airCieT dizaini,
SearCieT blogis saxeli

#4 nabiji:
SeiyvaneT
#3 nabiji:
Tqveni meilis
daaWireT
Rilaks “Select monacemebi
Free Plan“ da daaWireT
Rilaks „Create
My Account”

Facebook gverdi
feisbuqgverdis Sesaqmnelad SediT Facebook-ze.

#1 nabiji: daaWireT Rilaks Create #2 nabiji: daaWireT Rilaks Page

#3 nabiji: daaWireT Rilaks Get started. #4 nabiji: daarqviT gverds saxeli da

Tqven SemTxvevaSi atvirTeT profilisa da garekanis foto
community or Public figure-s qvemoT

55
rogor gavavrceloT informacia socialuri qseliT efeqturad?
informacia lakonu­
ri, magram amomwuravi informacia unda
unda iyos. imisTvis, rom pasuxobdes
Semdeg kiTxvebs:
au­
ditoriam kargad gai­
What? _ ra?
azros Tqven mier gav­
rcelebuli informa­ When? _ sad?
cia, postis dawerisas Where? _ rodis?
gaxsovdeT axali ambebis Who? _ vin?
momzadebis Jurnalistu­ Why? _ ratom?
ri wesi „5W1H“. viru­ How? _ rogor?
sis dasaxelebasaviT ki
JRers, magram sruliad usafrTxo da saWiro wesia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra kiTxvebs
unda pasuxobdes informacia.
imisTvis, rom auditoriis yuradReba miipyroT, umjobesia, informacias Tan
axldes foto an videomasala.

samuSao 7.5

daiyaviT jgufebad da dawereT posti am gakveTilis Sesaxeb. postis Seqmnisas

gaiTvaliswineT 5W1H wesi. namuSevari waukiTxeT Tanaklaselebs.

mediasTan TanamSromloba
am wesis gaTvaliswineba dagexmarebaT rogorc sakuTar socialur qselSi
informaciis efeqturad gavrcelebaSi, ise mediasaSualebebTan dakavSirebaSi.
mediasTan kontaqtis dasamyareblad, rogorc wesi, pres-relizs iyeneben. pres­
relizSi Tavs iyris informacia konkretuli movlenis, aqtivobis, RonisZiebisa
da relizis gamgzavnis (organizaciis/jgufis/individis) Sesaxeb. relizis miza­
nia mediis warmomadgenlebis daintereseba, raTa maT gaaSuqon SeTavazebuli in­
formacia. relizi unda iyos ara umetes erTi gverdisa, iTvaliswinebdes 5W1H
wess da axldes sakontaqto informacia.

saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.

#1 SeqmeniT Tqveni sainiciativo jgufis blogi.

davalebis SesrulebaSi dagexmarebaT video „blogingi I nawili“. aseve Se­
giZliaT, moZebnoT statia „ra aris blogi: rogor SevqmnaT da vmarToT
warmatebuli saiti“
#2 SeqmeniT Tqveni sainiciativo jgufis feisbuqgverdi.
#3 SeqmniT Tqveni sainiciativo jgufis Youtube gverdi.
amisTvis SegiZliaT naxoT video „socialuri mediis gamo­yeneba sazogadoe­
basTan urTierTobisaTvis“.
#4 dawereT ese „tradiciuli da socialuri mediis gansxvavebebi, msgavsebebi
da mniSvneloba“.

56
8. yalbi informaciis safrTxe

paragrafis gacnobamde upasuxeT Semdeg kiTxvebs:

• ra SeiZleba iyos informaciis damaxinjebis mizezi?
• vin da rogor unda Seamowmos informaciis sandooba?

wina paragrafebSi vimsjeleT, rogor SeaqvT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wev­

rebs: aqtiur moqalaqeebs, sainiciativo jgufebs, arasamTavrobo organizacieb­
sa da mediasaSualebebs, wvlili qveynisa da demokratiis ganviTarebaSi. Tqven
ukve iciT, rom sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi efeqturad CasarTavad moqalaqis­
Tvis aucilebelia, erTi mxriv, informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da, meore mxriv,
informaciis Tavisuflad gavrceleba. es ufleba imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom
konstituciiT gvaqvs garantirebuli. informaciaze Tavisuflad wvdomis para­
lelurad ar unda dagvaviwydes safrTxe, romelic SeiZleba mohyves informaci­
is gaufiltravad gavrcelebasa da gadaumowmeblad miRebas.

yalbi ambavi/Fake News

yalbi ambavi SeiZleba Segvxvdes rogorc tradiciul, ise socialur mediaSi.
es aris informacia, romelSic faqtebi ganzrax aris gayalbebuli da/an damax­
injebuli. yalbi ambebis mizani adamianis, jgufis, organizaciis an qveynisTvis
zianis motanaa. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi msoflioSi sul ufro xSirad msje­
loben yalbi informaciisgan momdinare safrTxisa da misi Tavidan acilebis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb.
yalbi informacia ZiriTadad sami tipisaa:
1. gamogonili ambavi, romelic uaryofiTad aisaxeba calkeuli piris, jgu­
fis, qveynis cxovrebaze;
2. manipulaciuri/damaxinjebuli Sinaarsi, magaliTad, faqtebis konteqs­
tidan amoglejilad gaSuqeba. romelsac SecdomaSi Sehyavs mkiTxveli/
msmeneli/mayurebeli.
3. satira da iumori; amgvari yalbi informacia, rogorc wesi, zianis misa­
yeneblad ar gamoiyeneba da xSirad mxolod garTobas isaxavs miznad,
Tumca safrTxes mainc Seicavs, radgan SeiZleba adamianebma daijeron
SeTxzuli ambavi da aman gavlena moaxdinos maT Sexedulebebsa da qmede­
bebze.

samuSao 8.1

uyureT proeqt `iswavle, raTa amoicnos~ farglebSi Seqmnil vi­

deos saxelwodebiT „gaxdi mediawignieri, gadaamowme informacia!“
da imsjeleT:
• ra uwyobs xels yalbi informaciis gavrcelebas?
• ra Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves amas?
• rogor davicvaT Tavi yalbi informaciisgan?

57
 samuSao 8.2

gaecaniT moyvanili yalb informaciebs da imsjeleT:

• qvemoT informaciis romel tips ekuTvnis mocemuli magaliTebi?
• ra mizans emsaxureba am informaciis gavrceleba?
• ra Sedegebi mohyveba aseTi informaciis gavrcelebas? vis azianebs is? ro­
gor?
• vis interesSi SeiZleba iyos amgvari informaciis gavrceleba?

yalbi informacia #1
2020 wels gavrcelda informacia,
rom banani koronavirusis gavrcelebis
wyaroa, Tumca amis mtkicebuleba ar ar­
sebobs. es pirveli SemTxveva ar aris,
rodesac banans sxvadasxva virusis gamav­
rceleblad yovelgvari mecnieruli
da­
sabuTebis gareSe moiazreben. banans
wle­bia, xan ebolis, xan Sidsisa da Ro­
ris gripis gavrcelebas abraleben. mo­
ZebneT da gaecaniT miTebis deteqtoris
statias saxelwodebiT „bananis konspiraciebis drois xazi: eboladan koronavi­
rusamde“. wyaro _ miTebis deteqtori https://www.mythdetector.ge/

yalbi informacia #2
iumorist vano javaxiSvilis biusti Temqaze
2011 wels marTlac daidga, Tumca es droebiTi
movlena da xumrobis nawili iyo. sazogadoebaSi ki
gavrcelda informacia, rom Zegli mas damsaxure­
bis gamo daudges, ramac xalxis aRSfoTeba gamoiw­
via.

yalbi informacia #3
2019 wels gavrcelda informacia, TiTqos `gepeis~ (saqarTvelos teqnikuri
universiteti) studentebma miun­ xenSi jokeris turniri moiges. sinamdvileSi,
Tu mkiTxveli bmulze gadavidoda, iq daxvdeboda Canaweri, rom es ganzrax Seq­
mnili yalbi informacia iyo, da amave dros gaecnobo­
da rCevebs, rogor daecva Tavi dezinformaciisagan.
Tumca mkiTxvelTa umetesobam informacia mxolod
saTauris gamo gaaziara ise, rom bmulze ar gadasula.
postebi socialur qselSi swrafad gavrcelda. so­
cialuri qselis momxmarebelTa reaqcia gansxvavebu­
li iyo: zogi xalisobda, zogs uxaroda, zogic miiCne­
vda, rom studentebs banqos saTamaSod dro ar unda
daekargaT da amaSi sazeimo araferi iyo.

58
trolebi da botebi
`troli~ aRniSnavs adamians, romelic, yalb profils amofarebuli, socia­
lur qselSi aqveynebs araadekvatur da provokaciul informacias, raTa Seqmnas
araswori molodinebi da ganwyobebi ama Tu im sakiTxis mimarT da xeli SeuSalos
jansaRi diskusiis arsebobas. trolebi, rogorc wesi, malaven TavianT vinaobas
da SesaZloa, ramdenime yalbi profilis ukan erTi pirovneba idgas.
trolebisgan gansxvavebiT, `botebi~ realuri pirovnebebi ar arian da
kompiuteruli programiT imarTebian. SesaZloa, mausze erTi dawkapunebiT aTi­
aTasobiT profili avtomaturad aaxlebdes statusebsa Tu komentarebs, romel­
Ta Sinaarsic xSirad yalbia da konkretul miznebs emsaxureba.

rogor amovicnoT troli?

rCeva #1 _ daakvirdiT maT komentarebsa da postebs: rogorc wesi, isini
araadekvaturi da agresiulia, Seicavs enobriv da gramatikul Secdomebs.
rCeva #2 _ SeamowmeT saeWvo profili, naxeT maTi suraTebi, megobrebi _ ro­
gorc wesi, trolebis profilebs saerTod ar hyavT an Zalian cota megobari
hyavT, maT mier gaziarebuli informacia (fotoebi, videoebi) ki saeWvoa.
wyaro: media da informaciuli wignierebis laboratoria

samuSao 8.3

ewvieT media da informaciuli wignierebis laboratoriis saits

da CaerTeT TamaSSi saxelwodebiT „trolTa kunZuli“. SeamowmeT,
ramdenad SeZlebT trolebis amocnobas.

saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia

`saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia~ Jurnal­
istTa damoukidebeli gaerTianebaa, romlis mizania mediis
sazogadoebrivi pasuxismgeblobis amaRleba, miznis misaR­
wevi konkretuli amocana ki _ profesiuli da eTikuri
standartis dacva da TviTregulirebis meqanizmebis Seq­
mna. organizacia 2009 wlis 4 dekembers dafuZnda. sxva­
dasxva mediasaSualebis 137-ma Jurnalistma, rogorc re­
gionebidan, ise dedaqalaqidan, xeli moawera 11 princips
da misi dacvis valdebuleba ikisra, moqalaqeebs ki miecaT
saSualeba, Jurnalistur masalaSi eTikuri darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gancxadebiT
mimarTon qartias. https://www.qartia.ge/
gTavazobT qartiis ramdenime princips. gaecaniT maT da imsjeleT, ra kav­
SirSia is yalb informaciasTan.
principi 1. Jurnalistma pativi unda sces simarTles da sazogadoebis ufle­
bas, miiRos zusti informacia.
principi 3. Jurnalistma unda gadasces informacia mxolod im faqtebze
dayrdnobiT, romelTa wyaro dadasturebulia.

59
 principi 5. media valdebulia, Seasworos gamoqveynebuli arsebiTad arazus­
ti informacia, romelsac SecdomaSi Sehyavs sazogadoeba.
principi 11. Jurnalistma umZimes profesiul danaSaulad unda miiCnios Sem­
degi qmedebebi:
• faqtis ganzrax damaxinjeba;
• nebismieri saxis qrTamis, saCuqris an sxva
plagiati _ sxvisi
sargeblis miReba profesiul saqmianobaze
naSromis miTvise­
gavlenis moxdenis sanacvlod; ba.
• plagiati.

rogor amovicnoT yalbi informacia?

marTalia, informaciis gavrcelebamde misi gadamowmeba profesionali Jur­
nalistebis valdebulebaa, Tumca, rogorc wina paragrafSi aRvniSneT, XXI sauku­
neSi yvela adamiani SeiZleba iyos informaciis gamavrcelebeli. Sesabami­ sad,
faqtebis Semowmeba, profesionali Jurnalistebis garda, ubralo moqalaqeebsac
marTebT, SecdomaSi rom ar Sevidnen. yalbi informaciis advilad amosacnobad
gaiTvaliswineT ramdenime rCeva:
• gaecaniT mTlian informacias (da ara mxolod saTaurs);
• SeamowmeT informaciis avtori da wyaro;
• daakvirdiT TariRs;
• gadaamowmeT sxva wyaroebSic.
gaxsovdeT:
• myvirala saTaurebis miRma xSirad yalbi informacia imaleba!
• yalbi informacia Zalian swrafad vrceldeba!

samuSao 8.4

ewvieT `media da informaciuli wignierebis laboratoriis~ saits

da CaerTeT TamaSSi „ixvebze monadire“. SeamowmeT, ramdenad Se-
ZlebT yalbi informaciis amocnobas.

samuSao 8.5

ewvieT saits kahoot.com-s, moZebneT TamaSi „moqalaqeoba-masmedia~ da SeamowmeT,

ramdenad kargad gaxsovT VI-VIII paragrafSi naswavli masala.

60
 es sainteresoa
1938 wlis 30 oqtombers niu-iorkelebi radiodadgma “The War
of the Worlds”-s usmendnen, romlis scenaris mixedviT, dedamiwa
marselebma daipyres. erT-erTi gadmocemis Tanaxmad, dadgma ra-
diomsmenelTa nawilma sinam­dviled CaTvala, panikaSi Cavarda da
quCebSi gamocvivda. am istorias zogi gazviadebulad miiCnevs,
Tumca mediis gavlenis sademonstraciod is namdvilad gamodgeba.

saSinao davaleba
CamoTvlili davalebebidan airCieT erTi.

#1 dawereT ese „yalb informaciasTan brZolis mniSvneloba“;

#2 gadaamowmeT ramdenime informacia, Sedegebi warmoadgineT klasSi;
#3 ewvieT `saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis~ saits da gaecaniT maT
saqmianobas. moZiebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT moamzadeTwerilobiTi
angariSi (maqs. 150 sityva) da gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs an ganaTavseT e.w. sa­
Sinao davalebebis kuTxeSi.
#4 ewvieT erT-erT onlainplatformas https://factcheck.ge/ https://www.media-
checker.ge/ da https://www.mythdetector.ge/ moZebneT romelime yalbi ambavi da
gaaanalizeT, vis interesTa sferoSi SeiZleboda yofiliyo am informaciis
gavrceleba. Tqveni mosazreba werilobiT CamoayalibeT.

61
 III blokis Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davalebebi

gTavazobT davalebebis CamonaTvals. mocemuli davalebebis Sesruleba ganvlili

Temis Seswavlis procesSi SeZenili codnis ganmtkicebaSi da, rac mTavaria, mis ga-
moyenebaSi dagexmarebaT.
davalebebi ramdenime tipisaa. zogierTi savaldebuloa da jgufurad unda
SeasruloT. davalebebis nawili arCeviTia _ Tqven TviTon airCevT, romlis
Sesruleba gsurT da TviTonve gadawyvetT, individualurad gindaT muSao­
ba, wyvilSi, Tu jgufurad. davalebebis mesame kategoria arasavaldebuloa da
Tqveni gadasawyvetia, yvelas SeasrulebT, ramdenimes, Tu arc erTs (kompleqsu­
ri davalebebis Sesrulebamde gaecaniT #4 danarTs).
moemzadeT, Tqven SegiZliaT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevri gaxdeT
da Tqvens TemSi arsebuli romelime problemis mogvarebaSi SeitanoT wvlili.

savaldebulo kompleqsuri davaleba

SeqmeniT Tqveni sainiciativo jgufis blogi an Facebook gverdi da am blogze/

gverdze gamosaqveyneblad dawereT blogposti an/da Facebook posti (300-400 si­
tyva) Tqven mier ganxorcielebul aqtivobebis Sesaxeb.

Seqmnil postSi naTlad unda warmoaCinoT:

• ganvlili Semajamebeli komple­
qsuri davalebebis farglebSi
ganxorcielebuli aq­ tivobebi da
maTi Sedegebi. aqtivobebis amsax­
veli vizualuri masala (suraTe­
bi, videoebi, slaidSouebi);
• sainiciativo jgufis mizani da
samomavlo gegmebi;
• rogor dagexmarebaT blogi/
gver­di momavalSi, sxva proeq­
tebis ganxorcielebaSi, sa­
zoga­
doebrivi problemebis Se­ saxeb
mkiTxvelis cnobierebis amaRle­
baSi.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davalebebidan SeasruleT minimum erTi.

arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #1

SeqmeniT pres-relizi Tqven mier ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebis Sesaxeb. pres-

relizi gaugzavneT adgilobriv medias da sTxoveT, gaaSuqon Tqveni aqtivobebi.

pres-relizSi naTlad unda warmoaCinoT:

• informacia sainiciativo jgufis saqmianobis, miznebisa da aqtivobebis Se­s­­a­­

xeb;

• mediis mxridan Tqveni aqtivobebis gaSuqebis mniSvneloba.

62
 arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #2

gamoikiTxeT garSemomyofni da daadgineT, romeli mediasaSualebebiT iReben

isini informacias da ramdenad arian informaciis miRebiT dainteresebulni.
kvlevis Sedegebi warmoadgineT slaidSous saxiT, romelsac Tqveni sainiciativo
jgufis socialuri mediis gverdze atvirTavT.

slaidSouSi naTlad unda iyos warmodgenili:

• romeli mediasaSualebebia gansakuTrebiT popularuli;
• ra asakis adamianebi arian yvelaze metad dainteresebuli informaciis
miRebiT;
• rogor uwyobs xels mediis sxavadasxva arxiT sargebloba adamianis in­
formirebulobas da rogor aisaxeba es samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiuro­
baze.
arCeviTi kompleqsuri davaleba #3

dawereT ese „mediis roli Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi“da gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs.

eseSi mkafiod warmoadgineT:

• ra gavlena aqvs medias demokratiis ganviTarebasa da adamianis uflebebis
dacvaze;
• uwyobs Tu ara xels media garemos/kulturuli memkvidreobis/jansaRi
cxov­rebis wesis dacvas.

arasavaldebulo kompleqsuri davaleba #1

daamzadeT sainformacio posteri saxelwodebiT: „rogor amovicnoT yalbi in­

formacia“.

posterSi naTlad unda Candes:

• yalbi informaciis saxeebi da maT mier gamowveuli safrTxeebi;
• informaciis gadamowmebis xerxebi da maTi mniSvneloba.

arasavaldebulo kompleqsuri davaleba #2

gadaiReT video „informaciis gadamowmeba mniSvnelovania~ da gaavrceleT so­

cialur gverdze.

videoSi naTlad unda Candes:

• rogor uwyobs xels informaciis gadamowmeba sazogadoebis usafrTxoebas;
• informaciis gadamowmebis xerxebi da maTi mniSvneloba.

63
 nawili II - adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTveloba
TviTmmarTvelobis arsi da miznebi
9. ras warmoadgens xelisufleba da
ra aris TviTmmarTveloba?

• Tqveni azriT, ratom iqmneba saxelmwifoebi?

• rogor fiqrobT, ra aris adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba?

Tqven iciT, rom kacobrioba mTeli Tavisi istoriis ganmavlobaSi cdilobda,

Seeqmna sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis iseTi formebi, romlebic saSualebas miscem­
da, moegvarebina Tavis winaSe arsebuli problemebi, radgan arsebobs iseTi sakiTxebi,
romlebic TiToeul adamians calke, sxvebis dauxmareblad, ar SeuZlia gadawyvitos
(sakuTari usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, janmrTelobis dacva, ganaTleba da a.S.).
am mizniT adamianebi qmnidnen da qmnian saxelmwifoebs. Tumca saxelmwifos
Camoyalibeba da arseboba adamianTa winaSe axal safrTxes qmnis _ ra unda gava­
keToT imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifom, romelic calke adamianTan SedarebiT ganu­
zomlad Zlieria, ar SezRudos adamianis Tavisufleba da ar daCagros is?
saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi saukeTeso moazrovneebi cdilobdnen, SeeqmnaT qvey­
nis marTvis iseTi modelebi, romlebic daakmayofilebda adamianTa moTxovnebs
da amave dros, Tavidan agvacilebda xelisuflebis mier Zalauflebis borotad
gamoyenebas.
• am paragrafSi Tqven gaecnobiT, rogoria xelisuflebis struqtura dRe­
vandel msoflioSi. ra roli ekisreba xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stos. ra
aris TviTmmarTveloba.

warmoidgineT, ra moxdeba, Tu fexburTis TamaSisas mxolod

erTi gundi daadgens wesebs (magaliTad, rom SeiZleba xeliT iTa-
maSon), TviTon iTamaSebs da Tu dava daiwyo, TviTonve iqneba msaji?
Tqven iciT, rom TamaSis wesebs fexburTis federacia adgens
(rom TiTo gundSi 11 moTamaSea, TamaSi 90 wuTs grZeldeba, xeliT
TamaSis ufleba mxolod mekares aqvs da a.S.), TamaSSi ori gundi
monawileobs, xolo sadavo sakiTxebs msaji wyvets.

xelisuflebis funqciebi SeiZleba ramdenime jgufad daiyos:

 adamianebi qmnian wesebs (kanonebs), romlebic aregulirebs sazogadoebrivi
cxov­rebis calkeul sferoebs (magaliTad, rogori jari unda hyavdes qvey­
anas, rom Tavi daicvas; rogori unda iyos quCaSi moZraobis wesebi);
 adamianebi qmnian dawesebulebebs/struqturebs, romlebic aRasruleben dad­
genil wesebs (magaliTad, Tavdacvis saministro, romelic xelmZRvanelobs
SeiaraRebul Zalebs; sapatrulo policia, romelic moZraobis wesebs icavs);

64
 cxovrebaSi zogjer adamianebs an adamianebsa da saxelmwifos Soris SeiZleba
dava warmoiSvas. aseT SemTxvevaSi saWiroa miukerZoebeli Suamavali, momrige­
beli, romelic gadawyvets, romeli mxarea marTali (magaliTad,Tu sapatru­
lo policia moZraobis wesebis darRvevisaTvis daajarimebs moqalaqes, xolo
moqalaqe fiqrobs, rom mas wesebi ar daurRvevia).

am funqciebis Sesas­ `moqalaqisaTvis politikuri Tavisu­

ruleblad Sarl de mon­ fleba is sulieri simSvidea, romelic
teskiem Semoitana Za­ TiToeulis usafrTxoebis Segnebidan
lauflebis danawilebis momdinareobs; imisaTvis, rom gvqondes
es Tavisufleba, saWiroa iseTi mmar­
principi: saWiroa xeli­
­
Tveloba, roca erT moqalaqes meoris
suflebis danawileba sa­ SiSi ar eqneba.~
kanonmdeblo, aRmasru­ Sarl de monteskie (1689-1755),
lebel da sasamarTlo frangi moazrovne da
xelisuflebebad, romle­ filosofosi
bic erTmaneTis funqcieb­
Si ver Caerevian (am dayofas Zalauflebis horizontaluri danawileba ewodeba).
Zalauflebis horizontaluri danawileba:

wesebis damdgeni _ wesebis Semsrulebeli _ davebis gadamwyveti _

sakanonmdeblo xelisuf­ aRmasrulebeli xelisuf­ sasamarTlo
leba (parlamenti) leba (mTavroba) xelisufleba

* ganixilavs da iRebs kanonebs; * aRasrulebs miRebul kanonebs; * kanonis Sesabamisad wyvets iseT
* zedamxedvelobs aRmasrulebel * marTavs qveyanas sxvadasxva davebs, romlebic warmoiSveba:
xelisuflebas; mimarTulebiT (ganaTleba, moqalaqeTa, organizaciaTa da
* gansazRvravs qveynis ganviTarebis jandacva, Tavdacva da a.S.) saxelmwifo dawesebulebebs Soris.
ZiriTad mimarTulebebs.

istoria gvaswavlis, rom, rogorc wesi, mxolod erTi piris an adamianTa

mxolod erTi jgufis xelSi mTeli Zalauflebis Tavmoyra yovelTvis cudad
mTvrdeba, rogorc mTlianad sazogadoebis, ise Tavad am pirisa Tu jgufisaTvis.

samuSao 9.1
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 SeecadeT gaixsenoT istoriidan faqtebi, roca mTavrobis arasworma moqmedebam
adamianTa protesti gamoiwvia.
 rogor fiqrobT, ratom SeiZleba cudad damTavrdes erTi adamianis an adamianTa
mcire jgufis xelSi mTeli Zalauflebis Tavmoyra: (a) mTeli sazogadoebisaT-
vis? (b) xelisuflebisaTvis?
 ratom miiCnevs monteskie, rom Tavisuflebis gareSe adamianebs erTmaneTis SiSi
eqnebaT?
Zalauflebis danawilebam uf­ro efeqturi gaxada mmarTveloba da Zalauf­
lebis borotad gamoyenebis albaTobac Seamcira. Tumca male gairkva, rom

65
mxo­
lod aseTi danawileba ar iyo `mTavroba xdeba kargi
sakmarisi. yvela saxelmwifo sxva­ ara xelisuf­ lebis konsol­
dasxva mxarisa da dasaxlebisagan idaciiT an koncentra­ ciiT,
Sedgeba. TiToeul maTgans, mraval aramed misi sworad ganawi­
lebis Sedegad.~
saerTosTan erTad, Tavisi, adgi­
lobrivi interesebi aqvs da maTi Tomas jefersoni (1743-1826),
gaTvaliswinebacaa saWiro. amitom `aSS-is damoukideblobis
deklaraciis~avtori, aSS-s
unda moxdes xelisuflebis danaw­
mesame prezidenti
ileba ara marto qveynis xelisuf­
lebis doneze (erovnuli done), ara­
med teritoriuli principiTac (amas Zalauflebis ver­tikalur danawilebas uwodeben).

saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes aqvs saerTo interesi (ganaT-

leba, ekonomikis ganviTareba, teritoriuli mTlianobis dacva,
janmrTelobis dacva da a.S.), magram mxareebsa da dasaxlebebs Ta-
vianTi interesebic aqvT.
magaliTad, aWarisaTvis ufro mniSvnelovania sazRvao, svaneTi-
saTvis ki _ maRalmTiani turizmis ganviTareba, kaxeTisaTvis ufro
mniSvnelovani mevenaxeoba da meRvineobaa maSin, roca TuSeTisa da
fSav-xevsureTis soflebisaTvis mecxvareobaa mniSvnelovani.

Zalauflebis vertikaluri danawileba:

centraluri done

regioni regioni regioni

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi
qveynis (centraluri) xelisufleba (erovnuli done) _ magaliTad, germania,
safrangeTi, saqarTvelo da sxv.
erovnuli done pasuxismgebelia iseTi sakiTxebis mogvarebaze, romlebic mTel
qveyanas Seexeba (Tavdacva, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, erovnuli valuta).

regionuli xelisufleba (mxare, kuTxe, Stati) _ magaliTad, kalifornia da

teqsasi da a.S. aSS-Si; aWara, samegrelo, kaxeTi, imereTi da a.S.
saqarTveloSi. rogorc wesi, regionuli done pasuxismgebelia iseTi sakiT­
xebis mogvarebaze, romelTa Sesruleba adgilobriv (da ara centralur) do­
neze unda wydebodes, magram romlis gadawyvetac adgilobriv xelisuflebas
ar SeuZlia, vinaidan saamiso resursebi SesaZloa ar hqondes (samxareo mniSvne­
lobis gzebi, didi ekonomikuri proeqtebis mxardaWera da a.S.).

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 adgilobrivi xelisufleba (qalaqi, daba, Temi, sofeli) _ magaliTad, qalaqe­
bi parizi da Telavi, dabebi oCxamuri da kojori, xevsureTisa da iormuRan­
los Temebi, soflebi kardenaxi da Waladidi da a.S.
TviTmmarTvelobis mier imarTeba yvela sakiTxi, romlebic adamianTa sac­
xovrebel (adgilobriv) garemos Seexeba (wyalmomarageba, dasaxlebaTa keTil­
mowyoba, moqalaqeTa adgilobrivi jgufebis iniciativebis mxardaWera da a.S.).

adgilobrivi mniSv­
nelobis problemebi yve­ ­ `TviTmmarTvelobis gareSe ers Seu­
laze droulad da Zlia Seqmnas Tavisufali da damou­
xa­­­risxianad Tavad adgi­ kidebeli mTavroba da sxva saxelmwifo
lebze unda wydebodes. institutebi, magram mis gareSe Tavisu­
flebis WeSmarit suls igi ver Seimec­
amisaTvis adgilze unda nebs.~
arsebobdes xelisufle­ aleqsis de tokvili (1805-1859),
ba, romelic arsebul frangi istorikosi da moazrovne,
sakiTxebs moagvarebs.

am mizniT iqmneba ad­

`TviTmmarTveloba ukeTesi wamalia
gilobrivi TviTmmar­Tve- xalxis yovelgvari saWiroebisa. sa­
­lobebi. rogorc sa­ ca unda dargaT, igi yvelgan xeirobs.
xel­­wodeba gveubneba, da­ ...iqac, saca imisTana patara qveyanaa,
­saxlebebis mcxovrebni rogorc Sveicaria da iqac, saca imisTa­
Tvi­Ton marTaven adg­ na uzarmazari udabno mindvrebia, ro­
gorc CrdiloamerikaSi.~
ilebze da am mizniT qmnian
ilia WavWavaZe (1837-1907),
Sesabamis xelisuflebas
qarTveli sazogado moRvawe
(sakrebulo, meri). da mwerali

funqciebisa da Zalauflebis danawileba arc skolisaTvisaa ucxo. rogorc

gaxsovT, skolaSi sxvadasxva jgufi arsebobs, romlebsac gadanawilebuli aqvT
saqmianoba. skolaSi SexvdebiT sameurveo, pedagogiur, disciplinarul sabWoebs
da, ra Tqma unda, moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas. skolaSi TiToeuli am jgufis
arseboba imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom maTi funqcionirebis Sesaxeb Canawerebi
kanonSic ki gvxvdeba.

samuSao 9.2
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

 gaixseneT, ra funqciebi da ufleba-movaleobebi aqvT am jgufebs? vin irCevs

moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis wevrebs?
 dafiqrdiT, riTi hgavs skola saxelmwifos? ra rols SeiZleba TamaSobdes aq-
tiur moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba saskolo cxovrebaSi? raSi exmareba an unda
exmarebodes moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba skolas? moswavleebs?

67
 samuSao 9.3

sagakveTilo teqstisa da cnobili adamianebis gamonaTqvamebis safuZvelze jgu­

febSi ganixileT da imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 ratom unda iyos xelisufleba danawilebuli?
 SeiZleba Tu ara, rom TviTmmarTveloba kargi iyos erTi qveynisaTvis, magram
ar gamodges meorisaTvis? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
 TviTmmarTveloba marto calkeuli sakiTxebis mosagvareblad iqmneba, Tu adamian­
Ta Tavisuflebis uzrunvelsayofadac? Tqveni mosazreba gaamyareT argumentebiT.

sakrebulo _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos

saxelwodeba.
meri _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis aRmasrulebeli xelisufali.

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10. rogor unda gvardebodes CvenTvis
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi?

• Tqveni azriT, vin unda moagvaros problemebi, romlebic gvawuxebs?

• Tu gsmeniaT subsidiarobis principis Sesaxeb?

xSirad, rodesac laparakia TviTmmarTvelobis saWiroebaze, Cveni moqalaqee­

bis nawili miiCnevs, rom yvela problema, romelic qveyanaSi arsebobs, SeiZleba
mogvardes, Tu saqarTvelos mTavroba mas saTanado yuradRebas miaqcevs. Sesa­
bamisad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom TviTmmarTveloba SesaZloa saerTod ar iyos
saWiro.
modi vnaxoT, rogoria msoflio gamocdileba am mxriv da vis SeuZlia ukeT
moagvaros esa Tu is sakiTxi.

• am paragrafSi Tqven gaigebT, ra aris TviTmmarTvelobis umTavresi _ s u b ­

s i d i a r o b i s _ principi.

biblia mogviTxrobs epizods istoriidan, rodesac winas-

warmetyvelma mosem Tanamemamuleni egviptis tyveobidan gamoix­
sna da isini ormoci weli udabnos afarebdnen Tavs. mTeli am
drois ganmavlobaSi adamianebs Soris xdeboda sxvadasxva saxis
konfliqti da isini moses mimarTavdnen rCevisaTvis. mose did
dros xarjavda umniSvnelo davebis mogvarebaze da eris marTvi-
saTvis sakmarisi dro ar rCeboda.
brZenma adamianebma urCies moses, daeyo xalxi aTeulebad,
aseulebad, aTaseulebad da tomebad da maTTvis xelmZRvanele-
bad daeniSna aTisTavebi, asisTavebi, aTasisTavebi da tomis uxu-
cesebi.
amis Semdeg Tu or adamians Soris dava iwyeboda, isini momrige-
blad aTisTavs mimarTavdnen. aTisTavi agvarebda davaTa umeteso-
bas. Tu dava seriozuli iyo, saqme gansaxilvelad gadaecemoda
asisTavs, Semdeg _ aTasisTavs da sabolood, moses mxolod umniS-
vnelovanesi sakiTxebis mogvareba uwevda.

subsidiarobis principi SeiZleba mokled ase CamovayaliboT: yvelaferi, rac

SeiZleba qveda doneze gadawydes, zeda dones ar unda gadaeces mosagvareblad.

subsidiaroba Tanamedrove msoflios sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis erT-erTi

ZiriTadi principia. es principi Seexeba ara mxolod adgilobriv TviTmmar­
Tvelobas. mas adamianTa yoveldRiur cxovrebaSic vxvdebiT. calkeuli piri
TviTon agvarebs Tavis problemebs da sxvas mxolod maSin mimarTavs daxmare­
bisaTvis, roca Tavad ar SeuZlia sakiTxis gadawyveta.

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 diliT, roca skolaSi midixarT, Tqven wyvetT, Cai dalioT Tu
wveni; jer maTematikis davaleba moamzadoT da mere ucxo enis, Tu
piriqiT. ra CaicvaT? SeiZleba sxvas (ojaxis wevrs) hkiTxoT rCeva,
magram gadawyvetilebas Tqven iRebT.
Tumca seriozuli sakiTxebis mogvareba sxva adamianebis daux-
mareblad gagiWirdebaT. sad unda waxvideT dasasveneblad? manqana
SeiZinoT Tu remonti gaakeToT? amas mTeli ojaxi erTad wyvets.
kidev ufro mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis (gzis SekeTeba Tqvens quCaze)
mosagvareblad ki adgilobrivi xelisuflebis Carevaa saWiro.
Cveni qveynis Tavdacva ki qveynis xelisuflebis saqmea. saer-
TaSoriso usafrTxoebas ki calke qveyanac ver uzrunvelyofs da
am mizniT sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso gaerTianeba (mag., nato, evroka-
vSiri) iqmneba.

samuSao 10.1
ganixileT:
 CamoTvaleT is sakiTxebi, romlebsac Tqven TviTon, sxvebis dauxmareblad agva-
rebT da axseniT, ratom?
 CamoTvaleT is sakiTxebi, romlebsac sxvebTan erTad wyvetT da axseniT, ratom?
 rogor fiqrobT, rodesac sxvebi, CvenTan SeuTanxmeblad, wyveten Cvens proble-
mebs, amiT Cveni uflebebi ilaxeba Tu ara? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

arc erTi qveynis mTavrobas ar SeuZlia yvelgan da yvela doneze, didi da

mcire problemebis gadawyveta. arc erTma ministrma, raoden kargic unda iyos
igi, ar SeiZleba, icodes romeliRac maRalmTian patara sofelSi, romelime
SukaSi ormos arsebobis Sesaxeb. is am informacias Tavad soflis mcxovrebTa­
gan Tu Seityobs, magram SeiZleba verc moicalos problemis mosagvareblad
(radgan saministro ufro mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gadawyvetiTaa dakavebuli).
im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu centraluri xelisufleba adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis
sakiTxebs agvarebs, amas bevrad meti dro da energia sWirdeba: informacia jer
sofelma unda miawodos adgilobriv moxeles, romelsac igi TviTmmarTveloba­
Si (municipalitetSi) miaqvs. municipaliteti informacias Sesabamis saministros
awvdis, saministros mTavrobis sxdomaze gaaqvs. dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi
sakiTxi imave gzas gadis, oRond ukve piriqiT. amasobaSi SeiZleba problema adg­
ilze mogvarebuliyo, radgan ad­ gilobrivma xelisuflebam ukeT icis lokalu­
ri saWiroebebi, Tanac ise, rom procesSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobac yofiliyo
CarTuli da maTi konkretuli moTxovnebic yofiliyo gaTvaliswinebuli. garda
amisa, ase gaizrdeboda marTvis procesSi moqalaqeTa monawileobis xarisxi, rac,
Tavis mxriv, demokratiis erT-erTi umTavresi sakiTxia.
adgilobrivi problemebis mogvarebaze adgilobrivi xelisufleba unda
muSaobdes. adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi TviTonac am garemoSi
cxovroben da is problemebi, romlebic dasaxlebaSi arsebobs, xSirad maTac
awuxebT. amas garda, Tu TviTmmarTvelobis xelisufleba ama Tu im sakiTxs ar
moagvarebs, garSemo myofi adamianebisTvis pasuxis gacema mouwevs. rigiTi moqa­
laqe, SesaZloa, yoveldRe ver Sexvdes centraluri xelisuflebis xelmZRvanels,

70
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi ki Cven gverdiT cxovroben, xSir­
ad Cveni mezoblebi arian. bunebrivia, zogierTi adgilobrivi sakiTxis gadawyve­
ta qveynis xelisuflebis pasuxismgeblobaa, magram am SemTxvevaSic moqalaqeebs
aqvT ufleba, ara marto Tvali adevnon gadawyvetilebis miRebis process, ar­
amed gamoxaton TavianTi pozicia da daafiqsiron sakuTari iniciativebi.

samuSao 10.2
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

 ratom ar SeuZlia centralur xelisuflebas, adgilobrivi problemis Sesaxeb

sruli informacia hqondes?
 ratom gvardeba adgilze adgilobrivi problema ufro swrafad da efeqturad?
 dafiqrdiT, demokratiis romel princips Seesabameba moqalaqeTa mxri­dan xe-
lisuflebis saqmianobisaTvis Tvalyuris devneba?
 dafiqrdiT, demokratiis kidev romel princips uwyobs xels adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTveloba?

samuSao 10.3

youtube-ze moZebneT da naxeT klipi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb: Once

upon a time, local democracy (an: Zlieri adgilobrivi xelisufleba
SenTvis muSaobs).
daiyaviT jgufebad. jgufebSi ganixileT da imsjeleT Semdegi
sakiTxis Sesaxeb:
 ratom aris subsidiaroba Tanamedrove msoflios sazogadoebrivi urTier­
Tobebis erT-erTi mTavari principi?

subsidiaroba _ principi, romelic gulisxmobs, rom yvelaferi, rac SeiZleba

qveda doneze gadawydes, zeda dones ar unda gadaeces mosagvareblad.
nato _ CrdiloeT amerikisa da evropis 30 saxelmwifos kavSiri (2020 wlis mdgo­
mareobiT), romlis mizania Tavisi wevri qveynebis Tavisuflebis, politikuri da
samxedro usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa.
evrokavSiri _ evropis 27 qveynis politikuri da ekonomikuri gaerTianeba (2020 wlis
mdgomareobiT), romelic miznad isaxavs mSvidobis, keTildReobisa da Tavisuflebis
uzrunvelyofas Tavisi 500 milionamde moqalaqisTvis.
municipaliteti _ TviTmmarTveli erTeulis saxelwodeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT.

natos droSa evrokavSiris droSa

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11. rogor sakiTxebs agvarebs TviTmmarTveloba?

• Tqveni azriT, ra saxis sakiTxebs unda agvarebdes adgilobrivi TviTm-

marTveloba?

Tqven ukve iciT, rom adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi adgilze unda

gvardebodes. axla gasarkvevia, ra aris es sakiTxebi da ra miznebs emsaxureba
maTi mogvareba.
• am paragrafSi Tqven gaecnobiT, ra miznebs emsaxureba adgilobrivi TviT­
mmarTveloba da rogori Sedegebis misaRwevad moqmedebs.
adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas sxvadasxva mizani aqvs, Tumca yvela es mizani
pirobiTad sam jgufad SeiZleba daiyos:
1. sajaro momsaxureba _ sxvadasxva saxis momsaxurebis efeqturad, droulad
da xarisxianad miwodeba. aq igulisxmeba iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic `sazogado
sikeTeebis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. magaliTad, sakuTari saxli an avtomanqana kerZo
sikeTea, romliTac konkretuli piri da misi axloblebi sargebloben. kargi gza
ki sazogado sikeTes warmoadgens. SeiZleba es gza romelime konkretulma orga­
nizaciam an pirma SeakeTa, magram yvelas SeuZlia am gzaze siaruli.
wyalmomarageba, eleqtroenergiisa da gazis mowodeba, quCebi, skverebi da
parkebi, sazogadoebrivi transporti (avtobusebi, mikroavtobusebi, taqsebi),
sabavSvo baRebi, ambulatoriebi _ es yvelaferi sazogado sikeTes warmoadgens.
TiToeuli sferosTvis momxmarebelTan mWidro TanamSromlobaa saWiro, amitom
yvelafris marTva erTi centridan SeuZlebelia, maTi gamarTuli saqmianobis
uzrunvelyofa swored TviTmmarTvelobebis movaleobaa.
imis gasarkvevad, romeli momsaxureba ufro prioritetulia mosaxleobis­
Tvis, zog SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi mosaxleobis azris ga­
mokiTxvasac atareben da kvlevis Sedegebis Sesabamisad gegmaven biujets.

samuSao 11.1

 gaixseneT, romel sajaro momsaxurebebTan giwevT Sexeba yoveldRiuri saqmianobisas?

2. im adgilobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba, romlebsac ver iTvalis­
winebs saerTo-saxelmwifoebrivi politika da am gziT mdgradi ganviTarebis xe­
lSewyoba.

warmoidgineT, rom Tqvens dasaxlebaSi saZovrisaken saqonlis

gadasareki bilikis mowyoba gindaT. es biliki soflis wyaros Tav-
ze ar unda gaakeToT, radgan es wyaros saTave nagebobis dabinZure-
bas gamoiwvevs da wyali sasmelad gamousadegari gaxdeba. sad jo-
bia, gza gakeTdes, es Tqvenze ukeT aravin icis.

mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia bunebrivi (magaliTad, saSeni masala)

da adamianuri (magaliTad, gzis gasakeTeblad saWiro samuSaos moculoba) resurse-
bis ise gamoyeneba, rom maT momavalSic uzrunvelyon jansaRi garemos arseboba.
aseTi sakiTxebi ganviTarebul qveynebSi (aSS, evropa) kanonebiT regulirdeba. maga­

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liTad: roca romelime kompania tyis gaCexas iwyebs (rac aucilebelia ekonomiku­
ri ganviTarebisa da samSeneblo masalis Sesaqmnelad), mas gaCexili tyis adgilze
nergebis dargvac evaleba, raTa axali tye gaizardos da ziani ar miadges garemos.

samuSao 11.2
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 SeecadeT, moiyvanoT magaliTebi, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi unda gaiTvaliswinos TviTm-
marTvelobam saqmianobisas adgilobrivi Taviseburebebi;
 Tu SesaZlebelia, gaixseneT, arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens municipalitetSi msgav­si
SemTxvevebi.

3. marTvis procesebSi sazogadoebis CarTvisa da maTi interesebis gaTvalis­

winebiT samoqalaqo mSvidobisa da stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa. Tu adamianebs sa­
Sualeba ar eqnebaT, TviTon gadawyviton, ra aris maTTvis ufro mniSvnelovani
sakiTxi da am sakiTxebs mxolod qveynis xelisufleba moagvarebs, an realuri saWi­
roebis nacvlad sxva sakiTxebze gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas, es moqalaqeebis imedgac­
ruebas gazrdis da maT gaRizianebas gamoiwvevs. aseTi mdgomareoba sabolood Zala­
dobriv qmedebebSi (mRelvarebebi, revoluciebi) SeiZleba gadaizardos.
unda gvaxsovdes, rom qveyanaSi sxvadasxva interesebis mqone jgufebi arsebo­
ben. fermerebs ufro soflis meurneobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi aintere­
sebT, maswavleblebs _ skolasTan, xolo biznesmenebs _ ekonomikur aqtivobas­
Tan. SeiZleba, mTaSi mecxvares iseTi sakiTxebi awuxebdes, romlebic zRvis
sanapiroze sastumroSi momuSaves saerTod ar aRelvebs. arc is unda dagvavi­
wydes, rom saqarTveloSi mravali sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis moqalaqe
cxovrobs. maTi nawili jerjerobiT kargad ver flobs saxelmwifo (qarTul)
enas da, amdenad, informaciac arasakmarisi aqvT qveyanaSi mimdinare movleneb­
ze, sakuTar uflebebsa da movaleobebze. Sedegad saxelmwifos cxovrebaSi maTi
monawileobac SedarebiT sustia.
radgan yvela sakiTxis mosagvareblad TiToeuli moqalaqe yoveldRe qveynis
mTavrobis warmomadgenels (ministrs) ver Sexvdeba, saWiroa adgilze arsebobdes
xelisufleba, romelic gaiTvaliswinebs maT moTxovnebs, survilebsa da rCevebs.
swored es aris TviTmmarTvelobebis kidev erTi uniSvnelovanesi funqcia.
samuSao 11.3
moiZieT masala da imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

 ewvieT marneulisa da axalqalaqis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelo-

bis feisbuqgverdebs an daakvirdiT fotoebs da imsjeleT, ra aris
orenovani gancxadebebis ganTavsebis mizezi?
 ratom aris TviTmmarTvelobis interesSi moqalaqeebisTvis in-
formaciis miwodeba?
 adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis romel mizans emsaxureba am­
gvari moqmedeba?
 SeecadeT gaixsenoT SemTxvevebi, roca TviTmmarTvelobis kon­
kretuli saqmianobiT municipalitetis mcxovrebni (Tqveni ojaxis
wevrebi, axloblebi, mezoblebi) kmayofili an ukmayofilo iyvnen.

73
 marneulis municipalitetis saiti qarTul da azerbaijanul enebze

axalqalaqis municipalitetis saiti qarTul da somxur enebze

samuSao 11.4

1. gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul sam SemTxvevas da miuTiTeT, TiToeul maTganSi rome-

li ZiriTadi funqcia ganaxorciela TviTmmarTvelobam:
• sajaro momsaxureba;
• adgilobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba;
• sazogadoebis CarTuloba.
2. daasabuTeT, ratomaa TiToeuli am funqciis ganxorcieleba mniSvnelovani
sazogadoebisaTvis?
1. TeTriwyaros municipalitetSi axalgazrdebis jgufs survili hqonda, wvli­
li Seetana municipalitetis ganviTarebaSi, gaeaqtiurebina Tanatolebi,
TeTriwyaro mimzidveli gaexada axalgazrdebisTvis. maT jer konsultacie­

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 bi gaiares TbilisSi moqmed arasamTavrobo
organizaciebTan da daaarses arasamTavrobo
organizacia `TeTriwyaros axalgazrduli
centri~.
centrma municipalitets mimarTa Txo­
v­
niT organizaciisaTvis farTobis gamo­
yofis Sesaxeb. 2017 wels TviTmmarTvelobam
ganixila sakiTxi da organizacias gadasca
TeTriwyaroSi arsebuli sasamarTlos yofi­
li Senoba.
organizaciis wevrebma da moxaliseebma daasufTaves Senoba
da Caatares Sida remonti. amJamad aq ukve xorcieldeba ram­
deni­
me axalgazrduli da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo prog­
rama, igegmeba axali saqmianobebic.
(informaciis wyaro: https://cipdd.org/upload/files/local_initiatives-geo.pdf).
2. bolnisis municipalitetis sofel disvelSi aWaridan Camosaxlebuli moqa­
laqeebi cxovroben. 2016 wlamde am dasaxlebas soflis statusi ar gaaCnda da
amitom mosaxleoba ver sargeblobda xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebuli
programebiT (mag., `soflis mxardaWeris programa~). skolisa da mosaxleobis
mier aSenebuli eklesiis garda, aq sazogadoebrivi Senoba ar arsebobda.
2017 wels arasamTavrobo organizacia `kavkasiuri institutis~ mier
Catarebuli saTemo Sexvedris dros mosaxleobam problemad sazogadoebrivi
TavSeyris sivrcisa da ambulatoriis ararseboba daasaxela.
maleve Camoyalibda sainiciativo jgufi, romelmac TviTmmarTvelobis
warmomadgenlebTan erTad ganixila es sakiTxi da dagegma gadawyvetis gzebi.
male meriam ori sacxovrebeli konteineri SeiZina da sofel disvelSi ga­
naTavsa. erT konteinerSi ambulatoria da meris warmomadgen­
lis oTaxi moewyo, meoreSi ki `kavkasiurma institutma~ saofise
aveji Seitana da sazogadoebrivi centri da biblioTeka moawyo.
bolnisis meria garSemo sivrcis keTilmowyobasa da sportuli
moednis gakeTebas gegmavs.
(informaciis wyaro: https://cipdd.org/upload/files/local_initiatives-geo.pdf).
3. saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris dadebulma asocirebis SeTanxmebam Seqmna
axali SesaZleblobebi, romlebic saqarTvelos TviTmmarTvelobebma SeiZleba
gamoiyenon.
2017 wels maRalmTiani aWaris samma municipalitetma (qeda, Suaxevi, xulo)
`municipaluri servisebis ganviTarebis centri~ daafuZna, romlis mizani
saerTo saqmianobisTvis municipalitetebis xelT arsebuli mcire resurse­
bis gaerTianeba iyo. axalma organizaciam sam municipalitetSi municipaluri
narCenebis (nagvis) marTvis arsebuli sistema gaanaliza da misi gatanis sqemebi
moamzada, romlis mixedviT mosaxleobisa da dawesebulebebis sayofacxovre­
bo narCenebis gatana nagavsayrelebze Tanamedrove evropuli standartebis
Sesabamisad moxdeba. es momsaxureba xelmisawvdomi iqneba ara marto qalaqeb­
sa da dabebSi, aramed yvelaze Soreul, maRalmTian soflebSic ki.
am saqmeSi TviTmmarTvelobebs saukeTeso evropeli special­
istebi exmarebodnen. saqmianobis mTeli xarji ki evrokavSiris
TanxebiT daifara da Cvens moqalaqeebsa da saxelmwifos erTi
TeTric ar daujda.
(informaciis wyaro: https://www.coe.int/en/web/good-governance/imc/).

75
 saSinao davaleba 11.1

ewvieT Tqveni municipalitetis saits, gaecaniT siaxleebs. moZebneT postebi,

romlebic TviTmmarTvelobebis romelime mizans pasuxobs. gaarkvieT:
• aris Tu ara Tqveni municipalitetis vebgverdze informacia iseT saqmiano­
basTan dakavSirebiT, romelic Seexeba:
° sajaro momsaxurebis gawevas;
° adgilobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebas;
° sazogadoebis CarTulobis programebs.
• Tu arsebobs, konkretulad romel sferos ganekuTvneba es saqmianoba?
• Cans Tu ara, ra formiT monawileoben moqalaqeebi am programebis ganxor­
cielebis procesSi?
• Tqveni azriT, rogoria am saqmianobis dadebiTi mxareebi da
aris Tu ara xarvezebi, romelTa gamosworebac SesaZlebe­
lia?
(municipalitetebis vebgverdebis misamarTebi SegiZliaT
ixiloT droa.ge-ze, rubrikaSi `ekontaqte municipalitetebs~
(https://droa.ge/?page_id=1019).

mdgradi ganviTareba _ ganviTarebis procesi, romelic sazogadoebis keTil­

dReobas xangrZlivi vadiT uzrunvelyofs, anu roca rame problemas vagva­
rebT, es ise unda gavakeToT, rom momavalSi Cveni qmedebis Sedegad axali
problemebi ar warmoiSvas.
soflis statusi _ saqarTvelos mTavrobas yvela soflis sia aqvs. Tu esa Tu is dasax­
leba am siaSi ar aris, iuridiulad is calke soflad ar iTvleba.
ambulatoria _ samkurnalo dawesebuleba, romelic samedicino daxmarebas uwevs ro­
gorc momsvlel, ise saxlSi myof avadmyofebs.
asocirebis SeTanxmeba _ SeTanxmeba, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos, meore mxriv ki, evrokav­
Sirsa da evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris, romelic 2014 wels gaformda da
miznad isaxavs saqarTvelos daxmarebas evropasTan daaxloebis procesSi.
sazogado da kerZo sikeTeebi (sazogado da kerZo sargebeli)
sazogado sikeTeebi (sargebeli) _ sazogadoebis momsaxurebis iseTi forma, romliTac
mTeli sazogadoeba sargeblobs (gzebi, komunikacia, sazogadoebrivi transporti,
skolebi, saavadmyofoebi da a.S);
kerZo sikeTeebi (sargebeli) _ sazogadoebis momsaxurebis iseTi forma, romliTac sargeb­
lobs mxolod misi mflobeli da misi axloblebi (sakuTari bina, saxli, avtomanqana
da a.S.).

76
12. rogor viTardeboda TviTmmarTveloba msoflioSi?

• SegiZliaT, istoriidan gaixsenoT SemTxvevebi, roca adamianTa jgufi,

sofeli, Temi, qalaqi erTad ganixilavda mniSvnelovan sazogadoebriv
sakiTxebs?
rodis da rogor yalibdeba TviTmmarTveloba? am kiTxvaze erTi pasuxi ar
arsebobs. sxvadasxva epoqasa da sxvadasxva qveyanaSi is gansxvavebulad viTarde­
boda, Tumca yvela maTgans saerToc bevri aqvs.
• am paragrafSi imogzaurebT drosa da sivrceSi. naxavT, ganviTarebis ra gza
gaiara TviTmmarTvelobam saukuneTa manZilze.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sistema ufro Zvelia, vidre saxelmwofoe­

bi. pirvelyofili adamianebic ki, romlebic calkeul jgufebad cxovrobdnen,
TviTon agvarebdnen yvela sakiTxs. es gasagebia, radgan calkeuli dasaxlebebis
gamaerTianebeli sistema _ saxelmwifo _ jer kidev ar arsebobda. calkeul
dasaxlebebSi, xeobebSi, tramalebze Tu usier tyeebSi mcxovreb jgufebSi iqmne­
boda xelisuflebis organoebi _ uxucesebi da beladi marTavdnen ama Tu im
dasaxlebas. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad ki imarTe­
boda krebebi, romlebSic Temis yvela wevri monawileobda.

samuSao 12.1
imsjeleT:

 Tqveni azriT, ratom iyo mniSvnelovani sazogadoebisaTvis misi wevrebis didi

nawilis (da ara marto beladisa da uxucesebis) mxardaWera calkeuli saki­Txebis
mogvarebis procesSi?
es tradicia uZvelesi saxelmwifoebis Seqmnis Semdegac gagrZelda. Zveli
Sumerisa da SuamdinareTis sxva qa­
laq-saxelmwifoebis marTvaSi aqti­
ur monawileobas iRebda saxalxo
kreba, romelSic yvela zrdasruli
mamakaci monawileobda. saxalxo kre­
bis Tanxmobis gareSe arc erTi mniS­
vnelovani saxelmwifoebrivi sakiTxi
ar wydeboda. krebisa da uxucese­
bis gadawyvetilebebs ki arCeuli
Tu daniSnuli moxeleebi (wesrigis
damcvelebi, gadasaxadebis amkrefe­
bi, meomrebi) asrulebdnen. SumerTa erT-erTi mmarTveli xelqveiTebTan erTad

samuSao 12.2
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 istoriidan gaixseneT, sazogadoebis romeli fenebi arsebobda Zvel aRmosavleT-
Si (SuamdinareTSi, Zvel egvipteSi) da vis ra uflebebi hqonda.

77
 imsjeleT: ramdenad Sedegiani SeiZleboda yofiliyo sazogadoebis mxolod nawi-
lis CarTuloba? vin zaraldeboda?
klasikuri saxiT demokratiul principebze dafuZnebuli TviTmmarTveloba
antikur xanaSi, Zvel saberZneTSi gvxvdeba. berZnul polisebSi demokratiulo­
bis xarisxiT gansakuTrebiT aTeni gamoirCeoda, romlis Sesaxebac yvelaze meti
cnoba Semogvinaxa istoriam. qalaqis marTvaSi yvela moqalaqe, zrdasruli Tavi­
sufali mamakaci uSualod iyo CarTuli. es iyo pirdapiri demokratiis yvelaze
naTeli magaliTi. swored aTenelTa mier Seqmnili demokratiuli mmarTveloba
daedo safuZvlad Tanamedrove civi­
lizebuli samyaros saxelmwifoTa
mow­yobis sistemas. mogvianebiT, romis
imperiis arsebobis periodSi, adgilob­
rivi TviTmmarTvelobebi (municipie­
bi) marTavdnen uzarmazari imperiis
calkeul olqebsa Tu dasaxlebebs, im­
periis saerTo marTva ki centridan _
qalaq romidan _ xorcieldeboda. aTeni, akropolisi

samuSao 12.3
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 gaixseneT, vis hqonda politikuri uflebebi Zvel saberZneTsa da romSi?
 ra saxis uflebebi iyo es?
 sazogadoebis romeli nawili iyo am uflebebs moklebuli?
 gaixseneT demokratiis principebi da imsjeleT, SeiZleba Tu ara aTenuri mmar­
Tvelobis srulyofil demokratiad miCneva? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

antikur xanaSi Camoyalibebuli adgilobrivi TviTmmarT­

velobis sistema (uxucesebi da mamasaxlisebi) Sua sauku­
neebSi kvlav ganagrZobs arsebobas soflebSi. qalaqebSi ki,
sadac ganviTarebis Sedegad axali moTxovnebi (da Sesabamisi
momsaxurebebi) Cndeba, TviTmmarTvelobis ufro daxvewili
struqturebi iqmneba. qalaqebSi arCeviTi Tanamdebobebisa­
gan (qalaqis sabWoebi/magistratebi, merebi/burgomistre­
bi) yalibdeba xelisufleba. qalaqebis sabWoebi (komunebi)
mdidari vaWrebisa da sxvadasxva profesiis gaerTianebaTa
(amqarTa) warmomadgenlebisagan Sedgeboda. mtrisagan Tav­
dasacavad qalaqebs TavianTi samxedro razmebic hyav­daT.
ratuSa (praRa) _ evropis qalaqebis
TviTmmarTvelobis organos Senoba
samuSao 12.4
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 xom ar iciT, vin da ra gziT iRebda gadawyvetilebebs dasaxlebebSi Sua saukuneebSi?
 Sua saukuneebis evropaSi arsebobda aseTi gamoTqma: `qalaqis haeri kacs aTavi-
suflebs~. rogor gesmiT es gamonaTqvami?

78
 Tqveni azriT, ratom uwyobs qalaquri cxovrebis tipi xels TviTmmarTvelobis
ganviTarebas?

londonis meria
(didi britaneTi)

axal epoqaSi, gansakuTrebiT XVIII-XIX saukuneebidan, iwyeba TviTmmarTvelo­

bebis ganviTarebis axali etapi. qalaqis, soflisa Tu mxaris TviTmmarTveloba
calke arsebuli, TviTkmari sistema aRar aris. igi mWidro kavSirSia saxelmwifo
xelisuflebasTan da maT Soris naTladaa gamijnuli uflebebi da movaleobebi.

qalaq niu-iorkis meria (aSS)

samuSao 12.5
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxze:

• rogor fiqrobT, uwyobs Tu ara xels qveynis winsvlas ganviTarebuli TviTm­

marTveloba da demokratia?
Tqveni mosazrebebi argumentebiT gaamyareT.

• pirdapiri demokratia _ mmarTvelobis forma, roca gadawyvetilebis miRebis

procesSi yvela moqalaqe uSualodaa CarTuli.
• warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia _ mmarTvelobis forma, roca moqalaqeebi
irCeven warmomadgenlebs (parlaments, sakrebulos) da maT miandoben mniS­
vnelovani sakiTxebis gadawyvetas.

79
13. rogoria qarTuli TviTmmarTvelobis istoria?

• SegiZliaT, gaixsenoT magaliTebi saqarTvelos istoriidan da qarTuli

literaturidan, roca Temi erTad wyvets mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs?

saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc sxva qveynebSi, TviTmmarTvelobam ganviTarebis

didi gza ganvlo. qarTuli TviTmmarTvelobis istoria bevri evropuli qveynis
msgavsad viTardeboda.

• am paragrafSi gaecnobiT, rogor viTardeboda TviTmmarTvelobis sistema

Cvens qveyanaSi.

saqarTveloSi, danarCeni msoflios msgavsad, TviTmmarTveloba uZvele­

si droidan iwyeba. saxelmwifoTa (diaoxi, kolxa, iberia) Seqmnamde da Semdegac
dasaxlebebSi, xeobebSi, Te­
mebSi sazogadoebis mier ar­
Ceuli xelisufleba (uxu­
cesebi, xevisberebi, maxvSebi,
aRsakalebi, mamasaxlisebi da
a.S.) arsebobda. Temebi da qa­
laqebi erTiandeboda saeris­
TavoebSi. cnobilia, rom qve­
yana saerisTavoebad jer mefe
farnavazma, Semdeg ki vaxtang
gor­gasalma dayo.
ufliscixe]
samuSao 13.1
imsjeleT:
 gaixseneT, ramden da romel saerisTavoebad dayo farnavazma qarTlis samefo?

Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelo iyofoda saerisTavoebad, romlebsac mefis mier

daniSnuli erisTavebi ganagebdnen. qalaqebSi TviTmmarTvelobis ufro rTuli
sistema iqmneba. XII saukuneSi qalaqebs qalaqis mmarTvelebi (amirebi) xelmZRvane­
lobdnen, romlebsac moxeleebi (wesrigis damcvelebi, gadasaxadebis amkrefebi
da a.S.) eqvemdebarebodnen. qa­
laqebSi daiwyo arCeviTi xe­
lisuflebis Camoyalibeba. ma­­­-
ga­liTad, Tbiliss XI-XII sa­u­ku­
neebSi arCeuli `Tbileli bere­
bi~ ganagebdnen. mogvianebiT
qa­
laqebs mefis mier daniSnu­
li mouravebi marTavdnen (maga­
liTad, XVII saukuneSi Tbilisis
mmarTveli/didi mouravi iyo gi­
orgi saakaZe). maRalmTiani sofeli Satili

80
 samuSao 13.2
imsjeleT:

 SeecadeT istoriids an qarTuli literaturis ganvlili masalidan moiyvanoT mag-

aliTebi, vin da rogor marTavda saqarTvelos soflebs.

ruseTis imperiis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg, XIX saukuneSi, qalaqebSi

marTvis evropuli stili yalibdeba. 1840 wels Tbilisma, xolo 1870-iani wlebidan
_ quTaisma, gorma, axalcixem, foTma, baTumma, Telavma, siRnaRma, axalqalaqma,
ozurgeTma, soxumma da a.S. TandaTan TviTmmarTveloba SemoiRes. qalaqebs moqa­
laqeTa mier arCeuli saTaTbiroebi marTavdnen. qalaqebsa da mazrebs bevri cno­
bili piri xelmZRvanelobda (TbilisSi _ dimitri yifiani, foTSi _ niko nikolaZe,
zugdidSi _ rafiel erisTavi da sxv.), maT bevri ram SeZles (magaliTad, Tbilisis
TviTmmarTvelobam sakuTari
saxsrebiT aaSena funikuliori,
Seqmna wyalmomaragebisa da ka­
nalizaciis sistema, gaiyvana da
gaanaTa Tbilisis quCebi; foTis
TviTmmarTvelobam SeimuSava
ganviTarebis gegma da dRevan­
deli foTi am gegmis mixedviT
gaSenda da a.S.). soflebSi mo­
saxleoba sasoflo sazogadoe­
briv mmar­Tvelobebs irCevda,
romle­bic aarseb­dnen skolebs, ga­ pirveli respublikis (1818-1921)
hyavdaT gzebi da dasaxlebebs ke­ droindeli Tbilisi, Tavisuflebis moedani
Til­moawyobdnen.

 svaneTSi srulwlovani qalebi maxvSis arCevaSi iRebdnen

monawileobas.
 TuSeTSi me-19 saukuneSi uxucesTa sabWos gonierebiTa da
samarTlianobiT saxelganTqmuli qali xelmZRvanelobda.

foTi XIX saukunis bolos

1919 wels saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikaSi (1918-1921) TviTmmar­

Tvelobis sayovelTao arCevnebi pirvelad Catarda. qveyanaSi Seiqmna ordoniani
TviTmmarTveloba: zeda done _ mazrebi (arCevnebi Catarda 20 mazraSi, mzadde­
boda kidev 5 mazaraSi) da qveda done _ qalaqebi da Temebi (sistema amoqmedda 31
TviTmmarTvel qalaqsa da 356 TemSi, mzaddeboda im teritoriebzec, romlebic

81
mogvianebiT SemouerTda saqarTvelos _ aWara, klarjeTi, artaani, zaqaTala
(saingilo) ... sul damatebiT 12 qalaqi da 100-ze meti Temi). TviTmmarTvelo­
bebma daiwyes ekonomikis, ganaTlebisa da jandacvis sistemebis ganviTareba _
skolebisa da saavadmyofoebis gaxsna, qarxnebisa
da rkinigzebis mSenebloba da a.S.). am periodSi,
mravali evropeli moRvawis SefasebiT, saqarTve­
lo, TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebis doniT, bevr
evropul qveyanasac ki uswrebda. qarTul TviT­
mmarTvelobebs ufro meti uflebebi hqondaT da
saxelmwifoc Semosavlebis ufro met wils gadas­
cemda adgilobriv xelisuflebas, vidre im peri­
odis germaniaSi, did britaneTsa an safrangeTSi;
evropis bevr qveyanaze adre saqarTveloSi qalebma
ara marto arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba miiRes,
aramed arCeulebic iqnen xelisuflebaSi. samwu­
xarod, es procesi saqarTveloSi sabWoTa agresi­
is (1921 wlis Tebervali) Sedegad SeCerda da 1991
wlamde aRar ganaxlebula. leo Sengelaia (qiaCeli) (1884 – 1963), mwerali,
zugdidis samazro erobis arCeuli gubernatori
(gamgeobis Tavmjdomare)

1921-1991 wlebSi saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. am dros

qveyana raionebad daiyo, romlebic dRevandeli municipalitetebis winamorbedi
iyo. kanonis Tanaxmad, soflebs, Temebs, dabebs, qalaqebsa da raionebs Tav-Tavisi
TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi hyavdaT. sinamdvileSi yvelaferi sabWoTa kavSiris
centrSi _ moskovSi _ wydeboda da adgilobrivi xelisufleba mxolod centraluri
xelisuflebis davalebebis morCili Semsrulebeli iyo. adgilobriv interesebs an­
gariSs aravin uwevda. Sedegad sazogadoebas 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi TandaTan daavi­
wyda, rom qveyanaSi swored is aris gadawyvetilebis umTavresi mimRebi.

samuSao 13.3
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 Tqveni azriT, ratom iwvevs mTeli xelisuflebis mxolod erTi centridan gan­
xorcieleba moqalaqeTa aqtivobis Semcirebas?
 eTanxmebiT Tu ara Tomas jefersonis mosazrebas, rom `dedamiwaze mcxov­reb yve-
la adamiansa da adamianTa jgufs aqvs TviTmmarTvelobis ufleba~? moiyvaneT
argumentebi Tqveni poziciis gasamyareblad.

1991 wels saqarTvelom, damoukideblobis aqtis miRebiT, demokratiuli

saxelmwifos mSeneblobis survili sajarod gamoxata. Tumca demokratiuli
sistemis damkvidreba kvlavac qarTuli saxelmwifos umTavres amocanad rCeba.
aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi Cvens qveyanaSi TviTmmarTvelobis xelaxali damkvidre­
bis procesi rTulad mimdinareobs. marTalia, TandaTan yalibdeba Tanamedrove
TviTmmarTvelobis sistema, magram jer kidev bevri ramaa gasakeTebeli imisaTvis,
rom saqarTvelo Tanamedrove msoflioSi arsebul standartebs miuaxlovdes.

82
 samuSao 13.4
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

 Tqveni azriT, ratom mimdinareobs rTulad Cvens qveyanaSi realuri TviTmmar­

Tvelobis damkvidrebis procesi?

1918-1921 wlebSi saqarTveloSi moqmedi TviTmmarTvelobebis miRwevebi

 axali skolebis (ZiriTadad, soflebSi) Seqmnis Sedegad,
gagrZelda `wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis~ mier
dawyebuli saqmianoba, ramac saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sferoSi
yofili ruseTis imperiis regionebs Soris pirveli, xolo msof-
lioSi erT-erTi pirveli adgili moupova;
 ambulatoriebis qselis ganviTarebam Seasusta im periodis
msoflio pandemiis, `ispankis~ (e.w. espanuri gripis) gavrcelebis
masStabi, romelmac evropaSi ramdenime aTeuli milioni adamia­nis
sicocxle Seiwira. riskis zonaSi saqarTveloc Sedioda, magram
msxverpli bevrad ufro mcirericxovani iyo, vidre Tundac mezo-
bel qveynebSi;
 daiwyo rigi infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxor-
cieleba (magaliTad, kaspis cementis qarxana, samtredia-senakis,
gori-cxinvalis, quTaisi-xonis rkinigzis xazebi da a.S.);
 sayovelTao Tanasworoba _ qalebisaTvis da eTnikuri um-
ciresobebsaTvis saarCevno uflebebis miniWeba. qalebma miiRes
ufleba ara marto aerCiaT, aramed TviTonac yofiliyvnen arCeuli
TviTmmarTvelobebis xelisuflebis organoebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma azerbaijanelebma mazris TviTmmarTve-
lobis organoSi _ erobaSi _ muslimi qalbatoni fari xanum sofieva
airCies, rac muslimuri Temis mier demokratiuli arCevnebis gziT
muslimi qalis arCevis pirveli SemTxvevaa msoflioSi;
 sazogadoebrivi stabilobis safuZvlebis Seqmna _ sxva-
dasxva eTnikuri umciresobebis CarTvam saxelmwifos marTvaSi ga-
moiwvia is, rom roca 1921 wels bolSevikuri ruseTis wiTeli armia
SemoiWra saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos eTnikuri umciresobebiT
dasaxlebul regionebSi ar yofila mtris mxareze gadasvlis arc
erTi SemTxveva (da bolSevikur xelisuflebas e.w. `antiqarTuli
ajanyebis~ mosawyobad saqarTvelos garedan mouxda bolSevike-
bis mxardamWerebisa da kriminaluri jgufebis Semoyvana).
wyaro: TviTmmarTveloba saqarTvelos pirvel respublikaSi
(1918-1921) _ http://www.cldn.ge/images/pdf/170-broshura_GEO.pdf
eroba, TviTmmarTvelobis reforma saqarTvelos respublika-
Si 1918, https://droa.ge/?p=7786)

83
 uxucesebi _ xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi TemSi sxvadasxva istoriul epoqa­
Si (xevisberi _ aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi, maxvSi _ svaneTSi, aRsakali _
eTnikuri azerbaijanelebiT dasaxlebul soflebSi da a.S.);
`Tbileli berebi~ _ XI-XII saukuneebis TbilisSi arsebuli uxucesTa sabWo, romelic mar­
Tavda qalaqs.
mazra _ teritoriuli erTeulis saxelwodeba ruseTis imperiaSi XIX-XX saukuneebSi.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze daaxloebiT 20 mazra arsebobda, romlebic ZiriTadad
saqarTvelos istoriul mxareebs emTxveoda.
eroba _ samazro TviTmmarTvelobis saxelwodeba saqarTvelos demokratiul respub­
likaSi (1918-1921).
raioni _ teritoriuli erTeulis saxelwodeba sabWoTa kavSirSi. saqarTvelos dRevan­
deli municipalitetebi sabWouri raionebis teritoriaze arsebobs.

84
14. rogoria TviTmmarTvelobis sistema
dRevandel msoflioSi?

• rogor fiqrobT, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis arseboba yovelTvis niS-

navs Tu ara demokratiis arsebobas? ratom?
• Tqveni azriT, adgilobrivi xelisufleba mxolod arCeviTia, Tu SeiZle-
ba centraluri xelisuflebis daniSnulic iyos?

Tqven ukve iciT, rom msoflios yvela qveyanas ganviTarebis Tavisi istoria
aqvs, magram maT Soris mainc didi msgavseba SegviZlia davinaxoT. ar aqvs mniS­
vneloba, didia qveyana Tu patara; dawinaurebulia (ganviTarebuli qveynebi), Tu
axla gadis im gzas, romelic ganviTarebulma qveynebma karga xnis win gaiares
(ganviTarebadi qveynebi), TvimmarTvelobis ZiriTadi principebi saerToa yvela­
saTvis.
• am paragrafSi gaigebT, Tu rogor da ra principebis Tanaxmad moqmedebs
TviTmmarTvelobis sistema dRevandel msoflioSi.

Zalauflebis vertikaluri danawileba arsebobs rogorc demokratiul, ise

_ arademokratiul (avtoritarul) qveynebSic. adgilobrivi xelisufleba yvel­
gan adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebs agvarebs. gansxvaveba isaa, rom adgi­
lobrivi xelisufleba arademokratiul qveynebSi centralur xelisuflebas
eqvemdebareba da adgilze mosaxleobis interesebs naklebad aqcevs yuradRebas,
demokratiul qveynebSi ki swored mosaxleoba, TviTmmarTvelobis meSveobiT,
wyvets, ra aris misTvis ufro mniSvnelovani.
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba damoukideblad moqmedebs da ar aris cen­
traluri xelisuflebis nawili. demokratiuli saxelmwifo warmoudgenelia
Zlieri TviTmmarTvelobis gareSe. TviTmmarTveloba uzrunvelyofs sazogadoe­
bis Tavisuflebis maRal xarisxs.

samuSao 14.1
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 Tqveni azriT, ratom emorCileba arademokratiul qveynebSi adgilob­rivi xeli-
sufleba centralur xelisuflebas?
 rogor fiqrobT, es kargia Tu cudi? Tqveni pasuxi daasabuTeT.
calkeul saxelmwifoSi centralur xelisuflebasa da adgilobriv TviTmmar­
Tvelobas Soris urTierTobis gansxvavebuli modelebi Camoyalibda, rac adgilob­
rivi (istoriuli, kulturuli, politikuri da sxv.) faqtorebis gavleniT moxda.
magaliTisaTvis, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi TviTmmarTveloba qveynis sa­
fuZveli gaxda. CrdiloeT amerikaSi jer iq gadasaxlebulma evropelma kolo­
nistebma daarses axalSenebi da TviTmmarTvelobebi Camoayalibes, romlebic
Semdeg Statebad gaerTiandnen, xolo bolos Tavad Statebi gaerTiandnen erT
saxelmwifod _ amerikis SeerTebul Statebad.
evropis qveynebis umetesobam ganviTarebis gansxvavebuli gza gaiara. aq ar­
sebobda Zlieri, centralizebuli qveynebi, romlebmac TandaTan daiwyes TviT­
mmarTvelobebisaTvis uflebebis gadacema.

85
 samuSao 14.2
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

 Tqveni azriT, ratom gaerTianda aSS-Si jer TviTmmarTvelobebi Statebad, Sem-

deg ki Statebi _ erTian saxelmwifod?
 Tqveni azriT, ratom daiwyes evropis qveynebma TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis ufle-
bebis gadacema?

ganviTarebadi qveynebis did nawilSi TviTmmarTvelobis Tanamedrove forme­

bi axla viTardeba, vinaidan sul ufro da ufro met qveyanaSi xedaven TviT­
mmarTvelobis sargebels.
TviTmmarTvelobis Seqmnisa da gaZlierebis, misTvis uflebebisa da movaleo­
bebis gadacemis process decentralizacia ewodeba.
decentralizacia ar aris erTjeradi aqti. igi gansakuTrebiT XIX saukuni­
dan gaZlierda da dResac mimdinareobs. kvlav grZeldeba centraluri xelisuf­
lebis mier adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis sul ufro da ufro meti
uflebebis gadacemis procesi.
1985 wels qalaq strasburgSi evropis qveynebma Camoayalibes TviTmmar­
Tvelobis sferos umTavresi dokumenti _ `evropuli qartia adgilobrivi TviT­
mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~. qartiaSi Camoyalibebulia TviTmmarTvelobis saqmi­
anobis garantiebi da am principebis gaziareba yvela evropuli qveynisTvis
savaldebuloa.

evrosabWos Senoba, strasburgi, safrangeTi

dReisaTvis qartiasTan mierTebulia evropis sabWos yvela wevri qveyana.

saqarTvelom qartias 2002 wels moawera xeli, xolo ZalaSi is 2005 wlis april­
Si Sevida (amoqmedda). am xelmoweriT Cvenma qveyanam adgilobrivi TviTmmarTv­
elobis evropuli principebis damkvidrebis saerTaSoriso valdebuleba aiRo.

86
 samuSao 14.3
gamarTeT diskusia:
 rogor fiqrobT, ratom SemuSavda TviTmmarTvelobis erTiani principebi yvela
evropuli qveynisaTvis?
 Tqveni azriT, ratom aris am wesebis dacva savaldebulo?

samuSao 14.4

gaecaniT adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebis evropuli qartiiT

gansazRvrul samarTlebriv safuZvlebs da Semdeg upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
1. ratom unda iyos TviTmmarTvelobis ufleba daculi qveynis kanonmdeblobiT?
2. risTvis aris saWiro TviTmmarTveloba?
3. ra uflebebi SeiZleba gaaCndes TviTmmarTvelobas?
4. ris gakeTeba SeuZlia TviTmmarTvelobas?
5. qartiis romel punqtSia warmodgenili subsidiarobis principi?
imsjeleT, Tqveni azriT, ras niSnavs es principebi.

wyaro 1.
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qartia
amonaridi (adaptirebuli versia)
muxli 2 _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ... samarTlebrivi safuZveli
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis principi aRiarebuli iqneba [qvey­
nis] kanonmdeblobiT da ... konstituciiT.

muxli 3 _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis koncefcia

1. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba niSnavs xelisuflebis adgilob­
rivi organoebis uflebasa da SesaZleblobas, kanonis farglebSi
moawesrigon da marTon sazogadoebrivi saqmeebis mniSvnelovani
wili ... adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebis Sesabamisad.
muxli 4 _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis [uflebamosilebis] sfero
1. xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis ZiriTadi uflebamosile­
bani da pasuxismgebloba konstituciiT da am kanoniT ganisazRvre­
ba. amasTan, es debuleba xels ar SeuSlis ... damatebiTi uflebamo­
silebebisa da movaleobebis miniWebas;
2. xelisuflebis adgilobriv organoebs sruli Tavisufleba aqvT,
kanonis farglebSi ganaxorcielon TavianTi iniciativa nebismieri
sakiTxis mimarT, romelic maTi kompetenciidan ar gamoiricxeba an
miniWebuli ara aqvs xelisuflebis romelime sxva organos;
3. rogorc wesi, saxelmwifo ufleba-movaleobebis ganxorcieleba
xdeba xelisuflebis im organos mier, romelic yvelaze axlos aris
moqalaqeebTan. movaleobebis gadanawileba sxva organosaTvis unda
moxdes Sesabamisi amocanebis moculobisa da bunebis, aseve ekono­
mikisa da efeqturobis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

87
 TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qartiis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis rom adgilobrivi
xelisufleba TviTmmarTvelobad miviCnioT, igi sam moTxovnas unda akmayo­
filebdes:
1. gaaCndes sakuTari teritoria da centri;
2. gaaCndes sakuTari uflebamosilebebi (romelTa ganxorcielebSic sxva ve­
ravin Caereva), sakuTari Semosavlebi da flobdes sakuTar qonebas;
3. hyavdes mosaxleobis mier arCeuli warmomadgenlobiTi organo.
centralur xelisuflebas ar aqvs ufleba, Caerios TviTmmarTvelobis saq­
meebSi, Tu es ukanaskneli ar arRvevs kanons. am mizniT centri zedamxedvelobs
TviTmmarTvelobis saqmeebze, raTa calkeulma TviTmmarTvelobebma ar ganax­
orcielon iseTi saqmianoba, rac kanons ewinaaRmdegeba.

samuSao 14.5

imsjeleT TviTmmarTvelobis aucilebel niSnebze. upasuxeT kiTxvebs:

1. ratom aris aucilebeli TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis:
• sakuTari teritoria;
• sakuTari uflebamosilebebi;
• mosaxleobis warmomadgenlebis arCeva.
2. ra urTierToba aqvs adgilobriv TviTmmarTelobas centralur xelisuflebasTan?
sakuTari pozicia argumentebiT gaamyareT.

centralizebuli qveynebi _ qveynebi, sadac ar arsebobs (an sustia) Zalauflebis

vertikaluri danawileba da yvela sakiTxs centraluri xelisufleba wyvets.
avtoritaruli marTva _ mmarTvelobis forma, romlis drosac ar aris aucile­
beli Tanxmobis arseboba xelisuflebasa da sazogadoebas Soris, xelisu­
flebis gadawyvetilebebi unaklod cxaddeba da idevneba nebismieri gan­
sxvavebuli azri.
decentralizacia _ mmarTvelobis sistemis cvla, rodesac qveynis xelisuflebis rigi
funqciebis ganxorcielebis ufleba gadaecema TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs.
qartia _ sazogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis mqone zogi dokumentis saxelwodeba.
evropis sabWo _ evropis qveynebis organizacia, romelic aerTianebs 47 wevr saxelmwifos
(maT Soris 27 evrokavSiris wevrs) da miznad isaxavs adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis,
demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaesobis dacvas. saqarTvelo 1999 wels gaxda evropis
sabWos 41-e wevri qveyana.
uflebamosilebebi (kompetenciebi) _ organizaciis an adamianis ufleba, TviTon, Tavisi
pasuxismgeblobiT moagvaros rigi sakiTxebisa. TviTmmarTvelobis uflebamosilebebi
iyofa sakuTar (kanoniT Tavidanve TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis miniWebul) da delegire-
bul (xelisuflebis sxva donis mier TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis gadacemul) uflebamo­
silebebad.

88
15. TviTmmarTvelobis momxreebi da mowinaaRmdegeni

• istoriaSi ra etapebi gaiara TviTmmarTvelobam?

• mokled daaxasiaTeT TiToeuli etapi.
• ratom gadawyvites centralurma xelisuflebebma, rom TviTmmarTve-
loba kargia rogorc moqalaqeebisaTvis, ise saxelmwifosTvis?

wina gakveTilebze Tqven

ganixileT adgilobrivi TviT­
mmarTvelobis ZiriTadi prin­
cipebi da miznebi. dReisaTvis
TviTmmarTvelobis mniSvneloba
aRiarebulia mTel msoflioSi,
Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom
TviTmmarTvelobas ar hyavs
mowinaaRmdegeni.

• am paragrafis mizania, ganixiloT is ZiriTadi (dadebiTi da uaryofiTi) xed­

vebi, romlebic TviTmmarTvelobasTan mimarTebiT arsebobda da arsebobs.

TviTmmarTvelobis mowinaaRmdegeTa azriT:

 decentralizebuli mmarTveloba araefeq­
turia da TviTmmarTveloba daasustebs
qveyanas, radgan Tu yvelas movusmenT da
maT interesebs gaviTvaliswinebT, saxel­
mwifos gauZneldeba erTpirovnuli da
swrafi gadawyvetilebebis miReba;
 xalxi ar aris mzad TviTmmarTvelobisaT­
vis, Tu is mainc saWiroa, maSin jer sazoga­
doeba unda movamzadoT amisaTvis;
 Tu TviTmmarTveloba yvelas eqneba, es ga­
dava TviTmmarTvelobaSi
aZ­
lierebs kuTxurobis grZnobas qveyanaSi
100 wlis win
da SesaZloa, qveynis daSlis saSiSroeba
gaCndes;
 saerTod mravalferovneba cudia, jobia yvelaferi erTmaneTis msgavsi
iyos.
centralizaciis momxreTa azrs yvelaze kargad gamoxatavs Temur-lengis
devizi _ `erTi mze, erTi samyaro, erTi mbrZanebeli~. am xedvis momxreni iyvnen
da arian arademokratiuli mmarTvelobis (avtoritaruli xelisuflebis) mxar­
damWerni.
TviTmmarTvelobis momxreTa zogierTi mosazreba pirvel gakveTilSi ganvi­
xileT. es aris is principebi, romlebsac srulad iziarebs `adgilobrivi TviT­
mmarTvelobis evropuli qartia~. saqarTvveloSi yvelaze kargad TviTmmarT­
velobis sargeblianobis dasabuTeba misi erT-erT yvelaze didi mxardamWeris,
ilia WavWavaZis naSromebSi SeiZleba vixiloT.

89
 samuSao 15.1

1. gaecaniT ilia WavWavaZis statias `cxovreba da kanoni~, romelSic avtori TviT-

mmarTvelobis mniSvnelobas aanalizebs.
2. statiis yoveli monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg upasuxeT kiTxvebs.
3. gamarTeT debatebi. daiyaviT jgufebad _ gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis momxreebad
da mowinaaRmdegeebad. Tqveni Sexedulebebi daasabuTeT argumentebiT.

`cxovreba da kanoni~
amonaridi werilebis seriidan, romlebic daibeWda
gazeT `iveriaSi~ 1877-1881 wlebSi.
adaptirebuli versia
bunebam rac unda simdidriT daajildoos romelime mxare an qveyana, rac
unda janmrTeli hava misces adamians sacxovreblad da nayofieri miwa sazrdoe­
bisaTvis, mainc xalxTa keTildReobas sxva mxriTac xelis Sewyoba sdomebia. kacs
imdenad vera Svelis Turme verc sijansaRe haerisa, verc nayofiereba miwisa,
verc SeZleba yovelgvari warmoebisa, Tuki kacTa Soris gonivrulad dadgenili
da cxadad gansazRvruli ar aris urTierT­
Sorisi ufleba da movaleoba. kacTa kmayo­
filebisaTvis, xalxTa keTildReobisaTvis,
es ukanaskneli ufro aucileblad saWiroa,
vidre sxva rame qveynierebaze.

1. Tqveni azriT, ratom ar aris

sakmarisi saerTo keTildReobi-
saTvis qveyanaSi mxo­
lod buneb­
rivi simdidreebis arseboba da
adamianebis Sroma?
yoveli saxelmwifo, rigian mmarTvelobaze
cotad Tu bevrad damdgari, nawil-nawilad
aris dayofili, rom movla da patronoba advili iyos...
... qveynierebaze mmarTvelobis orgvari wyoba arsebula da aris. Tu sadme raime
sxvanairadaa, mainc ar SeiZleba, rom mmarTveloba an erTisaken ar iyos midre­
kili, an meorisaken. pirvelgvari mmarTveloba iseTia, sadac saxelmwifo saWi­
roebis saqmesac Tavad mTavroba
ganagebs da sazogadoebisasac.
yvelgan da yovel nawilSi...
mas Tavisi sakuTari moxeleebi
hyavs, romelTac Tavad irCevs,
Tavad niSnavs, Tavad gadaayenebs
da romelnic mxolod mis winaSe
arian pasuxismgebelni. amgvar
mmarTvelobas centralizacias
uwodeben.

90
meoregvari mmarTveloba isaa, sadac mTavrobas xelT upyria marto mTeli saxelmwifos
saWiroebis saqmeebi da yovelive sxva ki sazogadoebas dausakuTrebia, mere ise, rom yov-
el nawils Tavisi adgilobrivi saqmeebi aqvs xelSeuvalad mindobili. es sazogadoebis
saWiroebis saqmeebi, adgilobrivad ganawilebulni, imarTeba usaTuod adgilobriv
moxeleTa SemweobiT, romelTac irCevs Tavad adgilobriv mcxovrebTa sazogadoe­
ba da romlebic amave sazogadoebis winaSe pasuxismgebelni arian. amgvar gamgeobas
TviTmmarTvelobas (decentralizacias) uwodeben... amgvari mmarTvelobis dedaazri
is aris, rom adgilobrivi saqmeebi Tavad adgilobriv mcxovrebTagan imarTebodes.

2. CamoTvaleT gansxvavebebi ilias mier daxasiaTebul centralizebul da

TviTmmarTvelobiT saxelmwifo mmarTvelobebs Soris da imsjeleT maT
Sesaxeb;
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba da umaRlesi mTavroba arc erTi da igivea, arc
erTmaneTTan mokamaTe da mowinaaRmdege arian. erTsa da imave qveyanaSi, erTsa da
imave saxelmwifoSi orive mSvidobianad Tavsdebian da erTmaneTis saxeirod moqmede­
ben... …cxadia, rom umaRles mTavrobas Tavad, sxvis dauxmareblad, ver SeuZlia verc
Tvali miawvdinos dasanaxavad yvelgan, verc yuri sasmenlad da verc xeli saSvelad...
... umaRles mTavrobas Tavis meTvalyured, moxeled da adgilobriv saqmeTa gamged
Tavad adgilobrivi mcxovrebni hyavs. maT ukeT ician Tavisi mdgomareoba, ukeT ician
Tavisi saWiroeba, ukeT ician Tavisi Tavis movla, Tavis saqmeTa patronoba.

3. ilias azriT, TviTmmarTveloba: (a.) centraluri xelisuflebis

nawils warmoadgens; (b.) calke sistemaa, romelic centralur xe­
lisuflebas­Tan kavSiri ar aqvs Tu (g.) calke sistemaa, romelic qvey-
nis xelisuflebas­Tan TanamSromlobs?
4. ilias azriT, ra upiratesoba aqvs centraluri xelisuflebisTvis qvey-
nis marTvaSi TviTmmarTvelobis SemoRebas?
... cxadia, sadac unda gaevlos sazRvari umaRles mTavrobasa da TviTmmarTvelo­
bis Soris. umaRlesi mTavroba, ra saxisac unda iyos, sayovelTao saqmeebze mzrunve­
li da moRvawea, ese igi im saqmeebze, romlebic aramc Tu yovel nawils, aramed yo­
vel qveSevrdoms erTnairad da erTgvarad Seexeba da romlebic saerTo, sayovelTao
keTildReobis momtania.
amgvari saqmeebi ekuTvnis
sayovelTao kanonmdeblobis
warmoebas, sayovelTao finan­
sTa (Semosaval-gasavalis) moZ­
raobas da sayovelTao jaris
Seqmnas. yovelive es xelSeu­
vali kuTvnilebaa umaRlesi
mTavrobisa, da TviTmmarTve­
lobas, rogorc adgilobriv
mmarTvelobas, am saqmeebSi si­
tyva ar eTqmis: igi emorCileba
yvelafer imas, rac umaRlesi
mTavrobisagan gangebulia, daw­
yobili da ganwesebuli.

91
 rac saxelmwifos saerTo mdgomareobas ar exeba, igi TviTmmarTvelobis xel­
Seuvali kuTvnilebaa. TviTmmarTveloba Tavis adgilas yoveli Sinauri saqmis
gamgebelia da Semwe; yvela saerTo saxelmwifo xarjisa da samsaxuris adgilob­
riv mcxovrebTa Soris gamnawilebelia, adgilobrivi sazogadoebis rigisa da
wesis damwyobia, misi zneobis, pativis, qonebis, ganaTlebis da saerTo keTil­
dReobis mzrunvelia.

5. gaakeTeT cxrili: marcxniv CamowereT umaRlesi xelisuflebis funqcie-

bi, marjvniv _ TviTmmarTvelobis;

TviTmmarTvelobis umTavresi safuZvlebia:

1. xma da arCevis ufleba miniWebuli unda hqondes yovel adgilobriv mcxovrebs,
Tuki srulwlovania;
2. adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis xelqveviT unda iyvnen yvelani, vinc ki mmarTve­
lobis sazRvrebSi cxovrobs;
3. adgilobrivi mosamarTleebi, agreTve moxeleebi unda amoirCion adgilobriv­
ma mcxovreblebma;
4. yoveli adgilobrivi Tanamdebobis mqone kaci pasuxismgebeli unda iyos sazo­
gado samarTlisa da samsjavros winaSe da ara Tavisi ufrosebis winaSe.

6. ilias azriT, ra aris TviT-

mmarTvelobis ZiriTadi
sa­fuZvlebi?

... Cven gvgonia, rac ukve vTqviT,

egec sakmarisi argumenti unda iyos,
rom xelaxla gadaisinjos yovelg­
vari kanonmdebloba am sakiTxze, Tu
soflis keTilganwyoba visTvis sa­
survelia da visTvis ar unda iyos
sasurveli! es kia, rom marto sofe­
li, rogorc bolo rgoli rTuli
jaWvisa, ver asazrdoebs TviTmmarTvelobas, Tu marto sofelSi daiwyeba da
sofelSive damTavrdeba. sofels mazra unda mohyves, mazras _ gubernia... …am­gva­
ri mmarTveloba metad xels umarTavs qveynis keTildReobas: xalxs afxiz­lebs,
xalxs Wkuasa da gonebas uxsnis, radganac sazogado mzrunvelobisaTvis xaliss
uRviZebs da sazogado saqmisaTvis wvrTnis da avarjiSebs... iq, sadac magas gza
da adgili hqonia, yvelgan cxovreba adamianisa auyvavebia da mTavrobisaTvisac
mZime tvirTi qveynis gamgeobisa Seumsubuqebia, auxsnia...
... Tumca asea, magram am TviTmmarTvelobas qveyanaze bevri mteri hyavs.
mainc bevrs ufrTxobs tyuilubralod Zilsa da mosvenebas. amboben, rom saSi­
Sia, sazogadoebas eg ufleba mieniWos: aurzaurs mohyveba, gaamaydeba da mor­
Cilebidan gamovao...
... TviTmmarTvelobis saqebrad es ki unda vTqvaT, rom Tu sargebloba ar
moaqvs, iseTi vneba mainc ar mosdevs, rogorc mas, roca saxelmwifos _ mTavro­
bas gadaWarbebuli zomiT daukavebia cxovrebaSi adgili...
... axla davSvaT, rom Cveni xalxi marTla moumzadebelia. maS, vinc moumzade­

92
belia, Tavis-dReSi aRar unda momzaddes? xalxs ra amzadebs? swavla, varjiSoba,
gamocdileba, im saqmeSi Cayeneba, risTvisac momzadeba saWiroa. kacs xel-fexs
vukravT da veubnebiT, wadi, Widili iswavleo; xalxs mosamarTlis amorCevis ne­
bas ar vaZlevT da veubnebiT, iswavle kargi mosamarTleebis amorCevao. es imasa
hgavs: curva iswavleo da wyalSi ki nu Sexvalo; gza gaiareo da Sinidan fexs ki
nu gasdgamo. aseT saswaulmoqmedebas xalxi ver izams ... xalxisaTvis aucileb­
lad saWiroa, rom misi sayoveldReo wvrilmani saqmeebisaTvis momrigebeli mo­
samarTle rac SeiZleba axlos hyavdes ...

7. rogor fiqrobT, aris Tu ara TviTmmarTveloba ufro naklebi probleme-

bis Semcveli, vidre centralizebuli mmarTveloba?
8. ratom miaCnia ilias, rom TviTmmarTvelobis dauyovnebeli SemoRebaa
saWiro miuxedavad imisa, rom, zogis azriT, sazogadoeba moumzadebelia
amisaTvis?

samuSao 15.2

ewvieT saits kahoot.com, moZebneT TamaSi „moqalaqeoba _ adgilobrivi TviT­

mmarTvelobis principebi~ da SeamowmeT, ramdenad kargad gaxsovT IX-XV
paragrafebSi naswavli masala.

saSinao davaleba 15.1

1. gaakeTeT cxrili. erT mxares CamowereT, rogor uyurebs TviTmmarTvelobis ev-

ropuli qartia TviTmmarTvelobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, xolo meore mx-
ares _ Tu rogor esmoda aRniSnuli sakiTxebi ilia WavWavaZes:
1. qveynis teritoriul erTeulebad dayofis saWiroeba;
2. moqalaqeTa ufleba TviTmmarTvelobaze;
3. arCeviTobis mniSvneloba adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaSi;
4. ra sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT da ra uflebebi gaaCnia TviTmmarTvelobas;
5. TviTmmarTvelobisa da saxelmwifo xelisuflebis urTierTdamokidebuleba;
2. SeadareT erTmaneTs ilia WavWavaZis mosazrebebi da TviTmmarTvelobis Tana-
medrove principebi (TviTmmarTvelobis qartia).

IV blokis Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davaleba

wina paragrafebis Seswavlisas Tqven ukve SeasruleT ramdenime davaleba,

romlebic samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Seexeba. es gamocdileba dagexmarebaT mom­
devno davalebebis SesrulebaSi, romelTa wyalobiT ukeT gaigebT, ra aris da
rogor muSaobs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba.

savaldebulo davaleba _ sociologiuri kvleva

ojaxis wevrebsa da nacnobebs Soris CaatareT gamokiTxva, raTa gaarkvioT
yvelaze metad ra sakiTxebi aRelvebs Tqveni municipalitetis mcxovreblebs,
romlebic, maTi azriT, adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam unda moagvaros.
moamzadeT Semajamebeli mcire daskvna slaidSous (an werilobiTi angariSis) sax­

93
iT, sadac gaerTiandeba yvela Tqvenganis kvlevis Sedegi. miRebuli produqti
ganaTavseT Tqven mier momzadebul blogze an kedlis gazeTSi.

slaidSouSi/werilobiT angariSSi naTlad unda warmoCndes:

• yvelaze xSrad romel problemebs asaxeleben gamokiTxuli adamianebi?
• moqalaqeTa azriT, gamokveTili problemebidan romeli unda moagvaros adgi­
lobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam?
• rogor xedaven moswavleebi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis rols problemis mog­
varebis procesSi?

moamzadeT mcire kiTxvari (kiTxvaris nimuSi ixileT danarT #4-Si), romel­

sac gamoiyenebT gamokiTxvisas. sasurvelia, gamokiTxoT sxvadasxva sqesisa da
asakis minimum 10 adamiani.
miRebuli pasuxebi daaxarisxeT sakiTxebis mixedviT. unda aRiniSnos, romel
sakiTxze (mag., dasaxlebaSi arsebuli gza, wyalmomarageba, sabavSvo baRebi da
a.S,.) jamSi ramdenma respodentma (gamokiTxulma) gaamaxvila yuradReba.
gamoyaviT is sakiTxebi (3-5 sakiTxi), romelTac mosaxleoba yvelaze aqtua­
lur problemebad miiCnevs (imis mixedviT, jamurad romeli problemaa yvelaze
xSirad aRniSnuli gamokiTxulTa anketebSi).
SeniSvna: miRebuli Sedegebi SeinaxeT Semdegi Semajamebeli davalebebisaTvis.

arasavaldebulo davaleba

gaecaniT, TviTmmarTvelobis miRwevebs da warmatebul saqmianobis Sedegebs

saqarTvelos pirvel respublikaSi (1918-1921), (http://www.cldn.ge/
images/pdf/170-broshura__GEO.pdf). damatebiTi faqtebis mosaZieb­
lad SegiZliaT estumroT saitebs droa.ge da sovlab.ge/ka).
naxeT rogori iyo saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTveloba 100 wlis
win, Seswavlil informaciaze dayrdnobiT moamzadeT statia da
ganaTavseT kedlis gazeTSi.

statiaSi naTlad unda iyos warmodgenili:

• rogori iyo TviTmmarTvelobis struqtura 1918-1921 wlebSi;
• ramdenad Cans sazogadoebis CarTuloba am sistemaSi;
• pirveli respublikis TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis grZelvadiani Sedegebi.

94
 TviTmmarTvelobis struqtura
16. risgan Sedgeba TviTmmarTveloba?

• Tqveni azriT, ras niSnavs `organizaciis struqtura”?

• am paragrafSi SeityobT, ra safexurebis gavlaa saWiro misTvis, rom Cveni in­

teresebisa da saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi adgilobrivi TviTmmarT­
veloba CamovayaliboT.

yvela struqturas, iqneba es saxelmwifo organo, finansuri korporacia Tu

sxva saxis dawesebuleba (magaliTad, sajaro skola), garkveuli sistema gaaCnia,
romelic imisTvis arsebobs, rom am struqturam Tavisi funqcia Seasrulos.

rodesac axseneben skolis sistemas, Tqven ukve iciT, razea

saubari. skolaSi arsebobs saklaso oTaxebi, derefnebi, sadac
moswavleebi gamodian Sesvenebebis dros, arsebobs specialize-
buli adgilebi _ biblioTeka, sportuli darbazi an saTamaSo
moedani, maswavlebelTa Sexvedris adgili da a.S.
amave dros, rodesac sistemaze saubrobT, iciT, rom am
struqturas marTavs skolis direqtori, TiToeuli sagnis swav-
lebaze pasuxismgebelia am sagnis specialisti maswavlebeli (is-
toriis, maTematikis, qarTuli enisa da literaturis, fizikis,
biologiis ...), skolis usafrTxoebasa da wesrigs icavs mandaturi
da a.S. ...

aseve unda SexedoT TviTmmarTvelobis sistemasac. warmoidgineT, rom xarT

qveynis xelmZRvanelebi da ayalibebT TviTmmarTvelobis sistemas _ axorcielebT
decentralizaciis reformas.
ukve Seqmnili sistemis marTvisagan gansxvavebiT, am SemTxvevaSi Tqven winaSe
ufro rTuli amocana dgas da es amocana axali saxlis aSenebas waagavs.
ra unda gaakeToT, rom saxli aaSenoT?
upirveles yovlisa, unda dagegmoT
mSeneblobis procesi _ unda upasuxoT ram­
denime mTavar kiTxvas:
 risTvis gvinda saxli?
 sad vaSenebT?
 rogori struqtura eqneba saxls?
 vin aSenebs?
 ra fuliT vaSenebT?
 rogor vaxdenT zedamxedvelobas?
 vis vuSenebT da kmayofilia Tu ara is?
rogorc wesi, adamianTa didi nawili
kanonebs SiSiT uyurebs. maTTvis gaugebaria

95
kanonis teqstebi. sinamdvileSi, Tu gecodinebaT ramdenime principi, kanonebSi
iolad gaerkveviT.
amis magaliTad gamodgeba saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sistemis
maregulirebeli umTavresi kanoni _ `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi~.
Tu kanonis Tavebis saTaurebs SexedavT, dainaxavT, rom aqac igive principia
gamoyenebuli, rac saxlis aSenebis dagegmvisas:
 arsi _ ra aris TviTmmarTveloba? _ kanoni iwyeba TviTmmarTvelobis prin­
cipebis CamoTvliT, romelTa Sesruleba savaldebuloa yvelasaTvis (moqa­
laqeebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisa Tu qveynis xelisuflebisTvis);
 sad xorcieldeba TviTmmarTveloba? rogoria qveynis administraciuli
mowyoba? _ axsnilia, ra aris municipaliteti, rogor SeiZleba Seiqmnas
axali (arsebulis gayofis Sedegad) an gauqmdes Zveli (ori an meti erTeu­
lis gaerTianebis Sedegad) municipaliteti;
 risTvis iqmneba municipaliteti? ra funqciebi aqvs mas? _ naTladaa CamoT­
vlili is sakiTxebi, romlebic TviTmmarTvelobis mosagvarebelia da is
uflebamosilebebi, romlebic TviTmmarTvelobebs gaaCniaT;
 rogoria TviTmmarTvelobis struqtura? _ ra struqturebi (warmomadgen­
lobiTi/sakrebulo da aRmasrulebeli/meri) arsebobs? rogor nawildeba
maT Soris uflebebi? rogoria maTi Semadgenloba? rogor iqmnebian (ro­
goria saarCevno wesi) da rogor muSaoben (ra normebis dacva evalebaT
maT) isini?
 ra ekonomikur meqanizmebs floben municipalitetebi? _ ra wyaroebidan
iReben fuls (Semosulobebi)? rogor da ra mimarTulebebiT ixarjeba
fuli (gadasaxdelebi)? rogor xdeba dagegmva (sabiujeto procesi)? ra
qonebaa TviTmmarTvelobis xelSi?
 vin axorcielebs zedamxedvelobas TviTmmarTvelobebis saqmianobaze? _ ra
roli aqvs saxelmwifos? moqalaqeebs? romeli saxelmwifo uwyebebi arian
pasuxismgebeli zedamxedvelobaze? rogoria zedamxedvelobis wesebi?
 visTvis keTdeba yovelive es? rogoria sazogadoebis CarTuloba? _ risi
ufleba aqvs TiToeul mo­
qalaqes? TviTmmarTvelobis
saqmianobis procesSi moqa­
laqeTa CarTulobis ra forme­
bi arsebobs? rogoria proce­
durebi?
kodeqsi, iseve rogorc yvela sxva
kanoni, sruldeba daskvniTi (garda­
ma­vali) debulebebiT, romlebSic
aRwerilia, kanonis romeli nawili
rodidan da ra pirobiT unda amoq­
meddes, ra unda gaakeTos saxelmwi­
fom kanoniT aRebuli valdebule­
bebis Sesasruleblad da a.S.

96
 samuSao 16.1

daiyaviT jgufebad. jgufebSi imsjeleT TviTmmarTvelobis sistemis calkeuli

sferoebis Sesaxeb da Tanaklaselebs warudgineT, rogor gesmiT sakiTxis mniSvne-
loba:
1. TviTmmarTvelobis arsi _ gaixseneT, rogor xedavs `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTve-
lobis evropuli qartia~ TviTmmarTvelobis arss. daasabuTeT misi saWiro­eba.
2. teritoriuli organizeba _ ras niSnavs Zalauflebis vertikaluri dana­
wileba? ratom unda iyos qveyana dayofili mcire nawilebad? rogor viTarde­
boda administraciuli dayofa saqarTveloSi?
3. uflebamosilebebi _ gaixseneT, ra saxis funqciebi unda Seasrulos TviT­
mmarTvelobam? daasabuTeT maTi saWiroeba.
4. TviTmmarTvelobis struqtura _ gaixseneT Zalauflebis horizontaluri
danawilebis principi da moiyvaneT magaliTebi, rogor urTierToben TviT­
mmarTvelobis Stoebi (warmomadgenlobiTi da aRmasrulebeli) erTmaneTTan.
5. ekonomikuri safuZvlebi _ gaixseneT, ra aris biujeti? ratom da rogor iqmne-
ba is da risgan Sedgeba?
6. zedamxedveloba _ ras niSnavs zedamxedveloba? Tqveni azriT, ratomaa saWiro
saxelmwifo zedamxedveloba TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobaze?
7. sazogadoebis CarTuloba _ Tqveni azriT, ratom aris aucilebeli samoqalaqo
aqtivoba, Tu gvsurs, rom Cveni sacxovrebeli garemo CvenTvis misaRebi iyos?

samuSao 16.2

1. saitze droa.ge moiZieT statistika municipalitetebis Sesa­xeb

(TviTmmarTveli qalaqebi _ http://droa.ge/?page_id=972; TviT­
mmarTveli Temebi _ http://droa.ge/?page_id=970). naxeT:
1. romelia yvelaze patara municipaliteti?
2. romelia yvelaze didi municipaliteti?
3. ramdeni mcxovrebia Tqvens municipalitetSi?
2. daiyaviT jgufebad. TiToeul jgufSi imsjeleT, Tqveni azriT,
`ramxela unda iyos municipaliteti~ an/da `rogor warmomidgenia
saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTvelobis sistema~.
.3. warmoadgineT Tqveni mosazrebebi da gaamyareT argumentebiT.

daskvniTi (gardamavali) debulebebi _ kanonebis daskvniTi nawili, romelSic aR­

werilia, kanonis romeli nawili rodidan da ra pirobebiT amoqmeddeba da ra
kanonebi icvleba am kanonis miRebis Sedegad.

97
17. rogor muSaobs TviTmmarTveloba saqarTveloSi?

• gaixseneT, rogor xdeba Zalauflebis danawileba xelisuflebis Stoebs

Soris da ratom?
• `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qartiis~ Tanaxmad, rogor
urTierToben centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebebi?
• ra valdebulebebi aqvs centralur xelisuflebas TviTmmarTvelo-
bebTan dakavSirebiT da ratom?

TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcieleba rTuli procesia. ra Tqma unda, moqa­

laqeebma ician misi ZiriTadi principebi, magram TiToeul niuansSi garkveva ukve
specialistebis saqmea. moqalaqeebisaTvis ki mniSvnelovania, icodnen, ras unda
miaqcion yuradReba da ra Sedegi SeiZleba moitanos maTma qmedebebma.
am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, yuradReba gaamaxviloT iseT sakiTx­
ebze, rogorebicaa TviTmmarTvelobis struqtura da misi uflebamosilebebi,
anu rogor muSaobs TviTmmarTveloba da ra evaleba mas.

• am paragrafSi gaigebT, romeli kanonebis mixedviT da rogor yalibdeba da

muSaobs TviTmmarTveloba Tqvens municipalitetSi da ra urTierToba aqvs
mas saxelmwifo xelisuflebaTan.

rogoria TviTmmarTvelobis adgili saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi?

saqarTveloSi dRes moqmedi
kanonmdebloba srulad iziarebs
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
evropuli qartiis principebs.
Cvens qveyanaSi adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis sferos mare­
gulirebeli umTavresi doku­
menti, organuli kanoni _ `adg­
ilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
ko­deqsi~ (muxli 7) imeorebs `qa­
rtiis~ xedvas municipaliteti­
saTvis aucile­bel moTxovnebTan dakavSirebiT.

 TviTmmarTvelobisa da saxelmwifos urTierToba emyareba urTierTTanam­

Sromlobas. maTi urTierToba TanasworTa urTierTobaa _ centraluri xeli­
sufleba ar aris adgilobrivi xelisuflebis `ufrosi~;
 saxelmwifo valdebulia, Seqmnas Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi (kanonebi), safinan­
so-ekonomikuri (biujeti da qoneba) da organizaciuli (struqturuli) pirobebi
TviTmmarTvelobebis saqmianobis mxardasaWerad;
 Tu saxelmwifo (centraluri xelisufleba) cvlis TviTmmarTvelobebTan da­
kavSirebul kanonmdeblobas, igi valdebulia, winaswari konsultaciebi ga­
marTos TviTmmarTvelobebTan;
 TviTmmarTvelobebs, Tu maTi kanonieri uflebebi ilaxeba centraluri xelisu­
flebis mier, ufleba aqvT, sasamarTloSi uCivlon centralur xelisuflebas.

98
 samuSao 17.1

imsjeleT centraluri xelisuflebis rolze TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis uz-

runvelyofis saqmeSi. ganixileT:
1. rogor gesmiT `TanasworTa urTierToba”?
2. ratom aris saWiro TviTmmarTvelobebis azris mosmena, roca sakiTxi maT saqmi-
anobas exeba?
3. rogor SeuZliaT TviTmmarTvelobebs sakuTari uflebebis dacva?

ra aris municipaliteti?
Tqven ukve iciT, ratom da rogor xdeba xelisuflebis gamijvna (Zalauflebis hori­
zontaluri da vertikaluri danawileba). xelisufleba dayofilia Stoebad da es da­
yofa arsebobs ara marto centraluri, aramed adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis doneze.
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis struqturaSi, iseve rogorc centralur
doneze, arsebobs warmomadgenlobiTi (moqmedebis wesebis damdgeni) da aRmas­
rulebeli (dadgenili wesebis Tanaxmad saqmianobis ganmaxorcielebeli) Stoebi.
warmomadgenlobiTi organo centraluri xelisuflebis doneze aris saqa-
rTvelos parlamenti, xolo adgilobriv doneze _ sakrebulo. aRmasrulebel
organos centralur doneze saqarTvelos mTavroba (ministrTa kabineti) war­
moadgens, xolo TviTmmarTvelobis doneze _ meri.

warmomadgenlobiTi organo aRmasrulebeli organo

parlamenti: mTavroba:
• qmnis zogad wesebs (kanonebs); • aRasrulebs parlamentis
centraluri • yovelwliurad amtkicebs gadawyvetilebebs;
xelisufleba qveynis biujets; • axorcielebs erovnuli
• akontrolebs mTavrobis mniSvnelobis programebs
muSaobas. biujetis Sesabamisad.

sakrebulo: meri:
• parlamentis mier miRe­ • aRasrulebs sakrebulos
buli kanonebis Sesabami­ gadawyvetilebebs;
adgilobrivi sad iRebs dagenilebebs; • axorcielebs adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTveloba • yovelwliurad amtkicebs mniSvnelobis programebs
TviTmmarTvelobis biujets; biujetis Sesabamisad.
• akontrolebs aRmasru­le­
beli Stos saqmianobas.

samuSao 17.2
imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
 ra funqciiT gansxvavdeba warmomadgenlobiTi organoebi centralur (parla-
menti) da adgilobriv (sakrebulo) doneze? Tqveni azriT, ratom?
 xelisuflebis horizontaluri danawilebis romeli Sto ar aris warmodgenili
adgilobriv doneze? Tqveni azriT, ratom?

99
Tbilisis sakrebulo, Tavisuflebis moedani Tbilisis meria, giorgi saakaZis moedani

rogor virCevT municipalitetis xelisuflebas?

sakrebulos _ adgilobrivi TviTm­
marTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos
_ da meris arCevnebi 4 weliwadSi erTxel
tardeba.

TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis dRe

samuSao 17.3
internetSi moiZieT informacia:
 ramdeni wevria Tqveni municipalitetis sakrebuloSi? amisaTvis gamoiyeneT in-
terneti (samoqalaqo kulturis saerTaSoriso centris saiti: http://www.lsg.ge/).

samuSao 17.4

gaecaniT saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsis muxlebs. SeadareT sakrebulos wevrisa

da meris arCevnebis wesi saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris arCevis wess. rveulSi ga-
daixazeT da SeavseT cxrili. imsjeleT Semdeg sakiTxebze:
1. ratom aris dawesebuli arCeuli pirebis asakobrivi SezRudva?
2. ratom iTxovs kanoni, rom arCeuli piri bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi nacxovre-
bi iyos saqarTveloSi?
3. Tqveni azriT, ratom aris dawesebuli parlamentis wevrisa da merisaTvis
ufro maRali asakobrivi zRvari, vidre sakrebulos wevrisaTvis?

parlamentis wevri sakrebulos wevri meri

asaki
n S i !
bolo ramdeni weli
unda cxovrobdes saqarTveloSi
o T wig
awe r
ar C
ramden weliwadSi erTxel irCeven
gansakuTrebuli miniSneba

100
 wyaro 2.
saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi
amonaridi (2020 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT) _ (adaptirebuli versia)

Tavi XII. saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevnebi

muxli 109. saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevis wesi da uflebamosilebis vada
2. saqarTvelos parlamenti airCeva 4 wlis vadiT.
muxli 111. pasiuri saarCevno ufleba
1. saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrad SeiZleba airCes saarCevno
uflebis mqone saqarTvelos moqalaqe 25 wlis asakidan, romelsac
saqarTveloSi ucxovria 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

Tavi XV. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoTa arCevnebi

muxli 134. aqtiuri da pasiuri saarCevno ufleba
1. ... sakrebulos wevrad SeiZleba airCes saqarTvelos moqalaqe, ro­
melsac kenWisyris dRisTvis Seusrulda 21 weli da saqarTveloSi
ucxovria sul cota 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
2. ... merad SeiZleba airCes saarCevno uflebis mqone saqarTvelos
moqalaqe 25 wlis asakidan, romelsac saqarTveloSi ucxovria sul
cota 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
muxli 135. municipalitetis warmomadgenlobiTi organos _ sakrebulos da
TviTmmarTveli qalaqis/TviTmmarTveli Temis meris uflebamosilebaTa vadebi
1. morig arCevnebSi arCeuli municipalitetis warmomadgenlobiTi
organos _ sakrebulos da ... meris uflebamosilebis vadaa 4 weli.

rogor muSaobs municipaliteti?

sakrebulos wevrebi irCeven sakrebulos Tavmjdomares, mis moadgileebsa da
sxva Tanamdebobis pirebs. sakrebulo qmnis samuSao jgufebs (magaliTad, `axal­
gazrduli politikis~, `jandacvis~, `ganaTlebis~ da a.S.), romlebic sxvadasxva
sakiTxs ganixilaven. maTi muSaobis safuZvelze iqmneba programebi, romlebsac
sakrebulo ganixilavs da amtkicebs an ar amtkicebs.
yvelaze mniSvnelovani dokumenti, romelzec sakrebulos uwevs muSaoba, mu­
nicipalitetis biujetia. biujets sakrebulos yovelwliurad warudgens meri.
masSi asaxulia momavali wlis gegmebi, ra aris gasakeTebeli, ra Tanxebia amis­
aTvis saWiro, saidan modis da rogor unda daixarjos es Tanxebi, rogor Semow­
mdes, ramdenad sworad daixarja Tanxebi.

sakrebulos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebas axorcielebs aR­

masrulebeli Sto _ meri. meri TviTmmarTvelobis umaRlesi Tanamdebobis piria.
swored is warmoadgens adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas sazogadoebis, central­
uri xelisuflebisa Tu sxva pirTa winaSe.
mers saqmianobaSi exmareba misi samsaxurebi _ meria, meriis struqturuli
erTeulebi (iuridiuli samsaxuri, finansuri samsaxuri da a.S.) da meris mier Seq­
mnili sxva dawesebulebebi (magaliTad, sabavSo baRebis gaerTianeba, dasufTave­
bis samsaxuri da a.S.). meri, meriis daxmarebiT, axorcielebs municipalitetis
marTvas da angariSs abarebs sakrebulosa da municipalitetSi mcxov­reb moqa­
laqeebs.

101
 Tqven iciT, rom cxovrebaSi yvelaferi Cveni gegmebis mixed-
viT ar xdeba, xSirad Tavs iCens axali, moulodneli sirTuleebi.
aRwerili sistema srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom municipalitetSi
davebi saerTod ar mimdinareobs.
SeiZleba, sakrebulos wevrTa nawili mxars uWerdes ekono-
mikis ganviTarebisken mimarTul programebs (fermerebisa da bi-
znesis daxmareba), meore nawili _ socialur programebs (xanda-
zmulebsa da socialurad daucvelebze zrunva), mesame na­wils ki
municipalitetis ramdenime dasaxlebis (magalTad, maRalmTiani
soflebis) mxardamWera miaCndes umniSvnelovanesad.
SeiZleba, arc merisa da sakrebulos xedvebi daemTxves erTmaneTs.
magaliTad, meri infrastruqturis (gzebis, wyalmomaragebis) ganvi-
Tarebas aniWebdes upiratesobas, sakrebulo ki _ kulturul prog­
ramebs (axalgazrduli festivalebi, bunebis dacva da a.S.).
xangrZlivi kamaTi sruldeba an kenWisyris Sedegad romelime
mxaris gamarjvebiT, an kompromisuli, urTierTdaTmobiT miRe-
buli gadawyvetilebiT. am kamaTis wesebs kanoni aregulirebs.
sxvadasxva xedvis urTierTSejaxeba bunebrivi da normaluria. amas
politikuri procesi ewodeba. xolo Tu ramdenad swori gadawyvetile-
ba iqna sabolood miRebuli, amas moqalaqeebi gansjian roca Semdgomi
arCevnebisas mxars uWeren an ar uWeren ama Tu im politikoss.

samuSao 17.5
imsjeleT:
 gsmeniaT Tu ara Tqvens municipalitetSi romelime sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
gamarTul diskusiaze an dapirispirebaze?

quTaisis sakrebulos sxdoma

samuSao 17.6 (roluri TamaSi)

winasaarCevno procesi
warmoidgineT, rom politikuri partiebis an/da politikurad aqtiuri
jgufebis warmomadgenlebi xarT. Tqveni mizania, municipalitetis meris moax­
loebul arCevnebSi Tqvenma kandidatma gaimarjvos. amisaTvis saWiroa, mxar­
damWeri jgufebis daxmarebiT man iseTi winasaarCevno programa warmoadginos,

102
romelic mosaxleobas/amomrCevels da­
arwmunebs, rom swored aseT pirovnebas
unda dauWiros mxari.

procesi
1. daiyaviT jgufebad. TiToeuli jgufi
warmoadgens politikur gaerTiane­
bas, romelsac konkretuli xedva aqvs
municipalitetSi arsebuli proble­
mebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebiT.
I jgufi _ politikuri gaerTianeba `saqmis mkeTeblebi~, romelic mxars uWers mcire
da saSualo biznesisa da mewarmeobis ganviTarebas. misi mizania, TviTmmarTve­
lobam Seqmnas xelsayreli garemo pirobebi ekonomikuri saqmianobisaTvis.
II jgufi _ fermerTa asociacia `mxvnel-mTesvelTa kavSiri~, romlis mizani­
caa, xeli Seuwyos fermerTa kooperativebis gaerTianebas da TviTmmarTve­
lobis xelSewyobiT gaitanos moweuli mosavali bazarze.
III jgufi _qalTa uflebebis damcveli jgufi `medea~, romelic cdilobs, di­
asaxlisebs gauCndeT saSualeba, dasaqmdnen samsaxurebSi, xolo maT profe­
siul momzadeba/gadamzadebas municipalitetma dauWiros mxari.
IV jgufi _ arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa gaerTianeba `daexmare moyvass~,ro­
melic cdilobs, sazogadoebis yuradReba gaamaxvilos socialurad gaWir­
vebul adamianTa problemebze. gaerTianeba miiswrafvis, rom TviTmmarTve­
lobis biujetSi meti Tanxa gamoiyos gaWirvebulTa dasaxmareblad;
2. jgufebSi 10 wuTSi moifiqreT winasaarCevno lozungebi/sloganebi, romleb­
iTac ecdebiT, sxva politikuri jgufebi da mTeli sazogadoeba daarwmunoT
Tqveni ideebis upiratesobaSi (SegiZliaT, daxatoT plakatebi da posterebi an
moamzadoT sxva vizualuri masala);
3. CaatareT Tqveni xedvebisa da programebis mokle prezentacia (TiTo jgufs _
maqsimum 2 wuTi);
4. gamarTeT debatebi, sadac warmoaCenT xarvezebs sxva jgufebis programebSi
da daasabuTebT Tqveni programis upiratesobas;
5. SeafaseT `winasaarCevno procesi~, aRniSneT:
• ra mogewonaT da ra ar mogewonaT am rolur TamaSSi (programebis xarisxi,
gundebis damokidebuleba erTmaneTTan da a.S.).

organuli kanoni _ kanonebi mniSvnelobis mixedviT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.

arsebobs ierarqia: konstitucia, saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, organuli kanoni,
`Cveulebrivi~ kanoni. qveda donis kanoni winaaRmdegobaSi ar unda modiodes Ta­
visze maRla mdgom kanonebTan. organuli kanoni miiReba mniSvnelovani sferoe­
bis dasaregulireblad, romlebic konstituciiTaa gansazRvruli. magaliTad,
konstituciaSi weria, rom TviTmmarTvelobis sfero unda mowesrigdes calke
kanoniT. Sesabamisad, aseTi kanoni ufro maRla dgas, vidre sxva kanonebi.
saarCevno ufleba
• aqtiuri saarCevno ufleba _ moqalaqis ufleba, airCios sajaro xelisuflebis
arCeviTi organoebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi;
• pasiuri saarCevno ufleba _ moqalaqis ufleba, Tavad iyos arCeuli sajaro xeli­
suflebis arCeviT Tanamdebobaze.

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18. ra uflebamosilebebi gaaCnia TviTmmarTvelobebs?

• gaixseneT, Tqven an Tqvens axlobels Tu gqoniaT Sexeba TviTmmarTvelo-

bis saqmianobasTan? ra sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT?

Tqven naxeT, rogor muSaobs municipaluri organoebi. Semdegi mniSvnelovani

sakiTxia, gaerkveT, ra (ra saxis sakiTxebis gadawyveta) evalebaT maT.

• am paragrafSi gaigebT, romel sferoebSi da ra saxis uflebamosilebebi

aqvs adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas saqarTveloSi.

zogjer moqalaqeebi umTavres problemad gamokveTen iseT

sakiTxebs, romelTa mogvarebac ar Sedis TviTmmarTvelobis kom-
petenciaSi. magaliTad, iTxoven, rom:
• TviTmmarTvelobam imuSaos pensiebis gasazrdelad, rac
centraluri xelisuflebis mier xorcieldeba;
• gadaidgas nabijebi saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTliano-
bis aRsadgenad, rac qarTuli saxelmwifos erT-erTi um-
Tavresi mizania da saerTaSoriso politikis doneze unda
gadawydes.

TviTmmarTvelobis uflebamosilebebi ori saxis uflebamosilebad iyofa _

sakuTar da xelisuflebis sxva donis mier miniWebul (delegirebul) uflebamo­
silebad.

sakuTari uflebamosilebebi iseTi uflebamosilebebia, romlebsac municipali­

teti axorcielebs Tavisi SexedulebiT, sakuTari fuliT, saxelmwifos mier
dadgenili wesebis safuZvelze. es uflebamosilebebi moicavs iseT sferoebs,
rogorebicaa:
 adgilobrivi ganviTareba _ ganaSenianebis gegmebis SemuSaveba, adgilobrivi
mniSvnelobis bunebrivi resursebis (wylis, tyisa da miwis) marTva;
 ganaTleba _ skolamdeli (sabavSvo baRebi) da skolisgareSe (mag., musikalu­
ri da sportuli skolebi) aRzrdis dawesebulebebis marTva;
 socialuri sfero _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis, bavSve­
bisa da moxucebisaTvis Sesabamisi infrastruqturis Seqmna; usaxlkaroTa
TavSesafriT uzrunvelyofa;
 kulturis sfero _ SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisa da kulturuli memkvidreo­
bis dacva-ganviTareba; biblioTekebis, klubebis, muzeumebis, gamofenebis,
sportuli sxva msgavsi obieqtebis mSenebloba da marTva;
 infrastruqtura _ sagzao moZraobis organizeba; parkirebis wesebis regu­
lireba; municipaluri transportis organizeba; mSeneblobis nebarTvis
gacema;
 komunaluri sfero _ teritoriis keTilmowyoba; sajaro adgilebis da­
sufTaveba; gamwvaneba; gare ganaTebis uzrunvelyofa; municipaluri narCe­

104
 nebis marTva (nagvis gatana); wyalmomaragebis uzrunvelyofa; upatrono
cxo­velebis movlis sakiTxebis gadawyveta;
 ekonomikuri saqmianoba _ gare vaWrobis, gamofenebis, bazrebisa da baz­
robebis regulireba;
 zogadi sakiTxebi _ Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis gamarTvis regulireba;
geografiuli obieqtebisaTvis saxelebis miniWeba.

garda amasa, TviTmmarTvelobas sakuTari iniciativiT SeuZlia gadawyvitos

nebismieri sakiTxi (Tu es akrZaluli ar aris kanoniT), magaliTad, rogorebicaa:
dasaqmebis xelSewyoba, soflis meurneobis mxardaWera, turizmis ganviTareba,
axalgazrduli politikis ganviTareba, garemos dacva da sxv.

samuSao 18.1
gamarTeT diskusia:
 moifiqreT, Tqven rom TviTmmarTvelobis xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli (meri,
sakrebulos wevri) iyoT, ra sakiTxis gadawyvetis iniciativiT gamoxvidodiT?
daasabuTeT Tqveni pasuxi.

uflebamosilebebis gansaxorcieleblad adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi:

 SeimuSaveben programebs calkeul sferoebSi (ganaTleba, jandacva, so­
cialuri politika da a.S.);
 yovelwliurad amtkiceben municipalitetis biujetebs;
 aweseben adgilobriv gadasaxadebs da amtkiceben maT odenobas/ganakveTebs;
 marTaven municipalitetis kuTvnil qonebas;
 mudmivad akontroleben sakuTari struqturebis saqmianobas da afaseben
miRweul Sedegebs.

rogorc ukve iciT, garda sakuTarisa, TviTmmarTvelobebi axorcieleben

delegirebul uflebamosilebebs. es iseTi uflebamosilebebia, romlebsac xeli­
suflebis sxva done (centraluri xelisufleba, aWaraSi _ avtonomiuri respub­
likis xelisufleba) gadascems maT. am SemTxvevaSi sxva done valdebulia, TviT­
mmarTvelobas gadasces Sesabamisi finansebic. delegirebuli uflebamosilebis
magaliTia axalwveulTa gawveva samxedro samsaxurSi. es saxelmwifos (kerZod,
Tavdacvis saministros) funqciaa, magram ufro efeqturad misi ganxorciele­
ba TviTmmarTvelobas Seu­
Zlia, amitom centraluri
xelisufleba SeuTanxmda
TviTmmarTvelobebs da am
saqmisaTvis Tanxebsac
aZlevs maT.

saremonto samuSaoebi
baTumis municipalitetSi

105
 gzis reabilitacia ozurgeTis municipalitetSi

cxadia, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania TviTmmarTvelobis sakuTari ufleba­

mosilebebi, radgan maT Tavidan bolomde municipalitetebi axorcieleben.

samuSao 18.2

ewvieT saits kahoot.com-s, moZebneT TamaSi „moqalaqeoba _ adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis struqtura~ da SeamowmeT, ramdenad kargad gaxsovT
XVI-XVIII paragrafebSi naswavli masala.

saSinao davaleba 18.1

moamzadeT ese Temaze: `me rom municipalitetis meri viyo ...~

V blokis Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davaleba

savaldebulo davaleba _ roluri TamaSi

warmoidgineT, rom municipalitetSi mimdinare politikuri procesis mona­

wileni xarT da winaswar SeTanxmebuli wesebiT.ganixilavT sakiTxebs da iRebT
gadawyvetilebas.

roluri TamaSis ganxorcielebisas TvalnaTliv unda warmoCndes:

• ramdenad naTladaa warmodgenili sazogadoebis sxvadasxva jgufebis inter­
esebi?
• ramdenad Tanmimdevrulia da dasabuTebuli jgufebis argumentebi?
• ramdenad daculia SeTanxmebuli wesebi urTierTobisas?

106
 Tanxis gadacema
situacia:
Tqveni TviTmmarTveloba ekonomikurad sustadaa ganviTarebuli. maRalia
umuSevrobis done, radgan adre arsebuli qarxana ekonomikuri krizisis gamo
daixura. gavrcelebulia daavadebebi, rasac xels uwyobs antisanitaria da jan-
mrTelobis sakiTxebSi moqalaqeTa gaTviTcnobierebis dabali done. socialu-
rad daucveli moqalaqeebis didi nawilisaTvis Svilebis kerZo sabavSvo baRebSi
tareba miuwvdomelia. moqalaqeebi iZulebuli arian, bavSvebs Tavad mixedon da
Semosavlis misaRebad samuSaoze gasasvlelad naklebi dro rCebaT.
qveynis mTavrobam da saerTaSoriso organizaciebma Tqvens TviTmmarTve-
lobas 100 aTasi evro gadasces, romelic konkretuli proeqtis dafinansebas
unda moxmardes.
gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tu sakrebulo ver moaxerxebs proeqtis droulad SerCev­
as, TviTmmarTveloba Tanxas ver miiRebs.
TviTmmarTvelobaSi samma jgufma sami proeqti moamzada da apireben, sakre­
bulos warudginon. Tanxa mxolod erTi proeqtis dasafinanseblad aris sakmari-
si da sakrebulom swrafad unda miiRos gadawyvetileba.

praqtikuli rCevebi

daiyaviT 4 jgufad da dainawileT rolebi:

I jgufi (5 wevri) _ sakrebulo, romlis amocanaa, mousminos samoqalaqo jgufebs
da gadawyvitos, romeli ganacxadi daakmayofilos. jgufSi Sedian:
° 1 sakrebulos Tavmjdomare _ Tqven did pativs gcemen imis gamo, rom da­
pirispirebul Soris kompromisis gamonaxva SegiZliaT. Tqveni mizania: 1)
TviTmmarTvelobam miiRos drouli gadawyvetileba, raTa Tanxa ar daikar­
gos; 2) airCioT saukeTeso proeqti.
° sakrebulos 2 wevri, romlebic biznesis ganviTarebas uWeren mxars. TqvenT­
vis yvelaze misaRebia proeqti, romelic gadamzadebis centris Seqmnas
gulisxmobs.
° sakrebulos 2 wevri, romlebic socialur samsaxurs uWeren mxars. Tqven­
Tvis yvelaze misaRebia janmrTelobis programis proeqti.

II jgufi _ Tqven warmoadgenT kerZo kompanias, romelic muSebis profesiuli

ganaTlebis mizniT gadamzadebis centris mowyobas gegmavs. proeqtis ganxor­
cielebis Sedegad gaizrdeba dasaqmeba da Semcirdeba umuSevrobis done;

III jgufi _ Tqven warmoadgenT aqtiur moqalaqeTa jgufs da mxars giWeren sazo­
gadoebrivi janmrTelobis jgufebi. Tqveni proeqti gegmavs sazogadoebis ga­
naTlebas, janmrTelobis sferoSi moqalaqeTa gaTviTcnobierebas, raTa pro­
filaqtikuri RonisZiebebiT SeamciroT daavadebaTa done;

IV jgufi _ Tqveni jgufi arasamTavrobo organizaciaa da mxars giWeren ganaT­

lebis sferoSi momuSave sxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. Tqven gindaT,
dabali Semosavlis mqone moqalaqeebiT dasaxlebul ubanSi sabavSvo baRi gax­
snaT da martoxela mravalSvilian mSoblebs moemsaxuroT.

107
procesi:
° II, III da IV jgufebma imsjeleT, rogor SeiZleba sakrebulo daarwmunoT Tqveni
proeqtis upiratesobaSi (5 wuTi);

° jgufebis mier arCeulma spikerebma sakrebulos winaSe moawyveT Tqveni pro­

eqtebis prezentacia (TiTo jgufi _ 2 wuTi);

° sakrebulo ganixilavs proeqtebs da kenWs uyris TiToeul maTgans (5 wuTi).

Tu xmebi Tanabrad ganawilda, pirvel da meore adgilze gasuli proeqtebi­
saTvis kenWisyris meore turi tardeba (2 wuTi). gamarjvebuli iqneba is pro­
eqti, romelic sxvaze met xmas miiRebs.

° Tu daTqmul droSi proeqti ver SeirCa, municipaliteti Tanxas kargavs.

ganixileT TamaSis Sedegebi:

• miiRo Tu ara sakrebulom gadawyvetileba droze?
• Tu ar miiRo, ratom?
• gadawyvetilebis miRebisas rogori iyo jgufebis damokidebuleba erTmaneTis
mimarT?
• imsjeleT, ratom miiReT aseTi Sedegi.

108
 moqalaqeTa monawileobis formebi
19. ratom monawileoben moqalaqeebi TviTmmarTvelobis
ganxorcielebis procesSi?
• Tqveni azriT, ratom unda monawileobdnen moqalaqeebi marTvaSi?
• rogor gesmiT gansxvaveba uflebasa da movaleobas Soris?

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis miReba moqala­

qis uflebac aris da movaleobac:
• uflebaa imitom, rom Cven unda vicodeT, vin, rogor da ra gadawvetile­
bebs iRebs im sakiTxebze, romlebic uSualod Cven gvexeba;
• movaleobaa imitom, rom Tu qveynis mmarTveloba Secdomas uSvebs an dana­
Sauls sCadis, es Cveni bralicaa, radgan am xelisuflebas Cven davuWireT
mxari da Semdeg saTanadod ar gavakontroleT misi saqmianoba.
amitom TiToeuli moqalaqe pasuxismgebelia im (dadebiT an uaryofiT) Sedegebze, rom­
lebsac xelisuflebis qmedeba moutans rogorc Tavad moqalaqes, ise _ saerTod qveyanas.

• am paragrafSi gaigebT, rogor monawileoben saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi qvey­

nis marTvaSi da ra uflebebs aZlevs maT qarTuli kanonmdebloba.
demokratiul sistemaSi moqalaqeTa monawileobis ori forma arsebobs. esaa
warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia da pirdapiri demokratia.

warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia. davuSvaT, rom yvela sakiTxis gadasawyvetad

yoveli Cvengani unda Seikribos da gamoTqvas Tavisi azri, maT Soris iseT sakiT­
xebzec, romlebSic naklebad varT garkveuli. an warmovidginoT, rom saxelmwifos­
Tvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxze samsjelod mTeli qveyana (milionobiT adamiani) erT
adgilze yoveldRiurad ikribeba. es, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlebelia. swored amitom
adamianebma moigones arCevnebi _ Cven virCevT warmomadgenlebs (deputatebs), ro­
melTa movaleobaa, Cveni mosazrebebi da survilebi sxva jgufebis warmomadgenlebs

109
gaacnon da erTad gamoZebnon sakiTxebis gadawyvetis gzebi. Tqven ukve iciT, rom
saqarTveloSi 4 weliwadSi erTxel tardeba xelisuflebis yvela donis arCevnebi.
pirdapiri demokratia. mxolod oTx weliwadSi erTxel saarCevno ubnebSi
misvla da sasurveli kandidatisTvis xmis micema sakmarisi ar aris. imisaTvis,
rom xelisuflebam kargad imuSaos, aucilebelia moqalaqeTa masTan TanamSrom­
loba da amave dros, misi saqmianobis mudmivi kontroli. darwmunebuli unda
iyoT, rom Tqven mier arCeuli xelisufleba Tqvens moTxovnebs iTvaliswinebs
da Tqven winaSe arsebuli problemebis mosagvareblad muSaobs. aseve mniSvnelo­
vania, mosaxleobam icodes, ra saxis momsaxureba SeuZlia miiRos xelisuflebi­
sgan, xolo xelisuflebam yvelaferi unda iRonos imisaTvis, rom mis mier gaweu­
li momsaxureba realuri saWiroebebis Sesabamisi iyos. swored amitom aqtiuri
moqalaqeebi maqsimalurad arian CarTuli xelisuflebis mier gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesSi. ufro metic, xSirad moqalaqeebi wamoayeneben xolme konkret­
ul iniciativebs da TviTon wyveten ama Tu im sakiTxs.

samuSao 19.1
imsjeleT:
 SeecadeT moiyvanoT magaliTebi, ra sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad gamoiyenebdiT
pirdapir demokratias da ra sakiTxebis gadawyvetas miandobdiT warmomadgen-
lobiT organos?

qveynebSi, sadac demokratiuli marTvis didi xnis tradicia arse-

bobs, xSirad naxavT suraTs, roca qveynis, calkeuli mxaris, qalaqis,
soflis an Tundac erTi ubnis moqalaqeebi referendumebs marTaven.
referendumi SeiZleba Seexebodes rogorc saerTaSoriso
mniSvnelobis (magaliTad, gawevriandes Tu ara qveyana evrokav-
SirSi) sakiTxebs, romlebSic monawileobis ufleba qveynis yvela
moqalaqes aqvs, ise adgilobriv sakiTxebs (magaliTad, sad jobia
avtoparkingis mowyoba), romelSic mxolod dasaxlebis mcxovreb-
ni monawileoben.
garda uSualod konkretuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisa, refe­
rendumi imiTac aris mniSvnelovani, rom adamianebi sakiTxTan Ta-
vianT kavSirs afiqsireben. magaliTad, Tu qalaqis mosaxleobam
refe­rendumiT axali parki gaxsna da am mizniT biujetidan Tanx-
ebis gamoyofas dauWira mxari, TiToeuli moqalaqe Seecdeba, is-
eve daicvas sisufTave parkSi, rogorc sakuTar ezoSi.

Sveicaria, erT-erTi
referendumis etapi

110
 samuSao 19.2
imsjeleT:
 SeecadeT gaixsenoT magaliTebi, roca moqalaqeTa mier erToblivi gada­
wyvetilebis miRebas SeeZlo, warmatebiT gadaeWra arsebuli problema.
Tqven ukve iciT, rom xelisuflebis kontroli da gadawyvetilebis miRebis
procesSi monawileoba moqalaqis ufleba da movaleobaa. es gansakuTrebiT adgi­
lobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebs Seexeba. ra nabijebi unda gadadgas saqarTvelom
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi, amis gadawyvetas diplomatebs vandobT, magram ra
ganrigiT unda imoZraos municipalurma avtobusma, amasTan dakavSirebiT Cveni azri
namdvilad unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli. saerTod, moqalaqeTa xelisuflebasTan
Sexebis 80%-ze meti adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebTan urTierTobebze modis.
TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis procesSi moqalaqeTa mier sakuTari uflebi­
sa da nebis gamoxatva garantirebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT:
 saqarTvelos umTavresi kanoni saqarTvelos konstitucia acxadebs, rom:
`saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis saqmeebs awesrigeben
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis meSveobiT, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Se­
sabamisad. saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis ufle­
bamosilebaTa gamijvna efuZneba subsidiarobis princips~ (saqarTvelos kon­
stitucia, muxli 7, punqti 4).
 TviTmmarTvelobis sferos mTavari kanonis _ `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
kodeqsis~ Tanaxmad: `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba aris ... moqalaqeTa ufleba
da SesaZlebloba, maT mier arCeuli adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis
meSveobiT saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gadawyviton adgilobrivi
mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi~ (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, muxli 2).
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs ufleba aqvT, airCion an Tavad iqnen arCeuli adgi­
lobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoSi.
kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, rom im SeTxvevaSic, Tu moqalaqe arCeuli ar aris,
mas aqvs ufleba, ara marto miiRos sajaro informacia xelisuflebis organoebisgan
da mousminos xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa angariSebs, aramed monawileoba miiRos
saqmeTa ganxilvaSi da Seamowmos ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis xarisxi da Sedegebi.

samuSao 19.3
SearCieT erT-erTi Tema:
1. moqalaqeebi unda TanamSromlobdnen adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobasTan!
2. moqalaqeebma unda akontrolon xelisuflebis saqmianoba!
gamarTeT debatebi. moiyvaneT argumentebi Tqveni poziciebis gasamyareblad.

referendumi _ saxalxo kenWisyraze gamotanili gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani

sakiTxi, romelzec moqalaqeebi afiqsireben sakuTar azrs. saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT SeiZleba mxolod saerTo-erovnuli referendumis gamar­
Tva. adgilobrivi referendumebis gamarTva akrZalulia.
sajaro informacia _ sajaro dawesebulebaSi miRebuli oficialuri dokumenti, ro­
melsac yvela SeiZleba gaecnos, Tu is ar Seicavs saxelmwifo, komerciul an pirad
saidumlos. sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos sajaro informaciis
xel­misawvdomoba.

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20. rogoria moqalaqeTa monawileobis formebi?

moqalaqeTa uflebebis ganxorcieleba kanonmdeblobiTaa garantirebuli,

magram mxolod zogadi gancxadeba ar aris sakmarisi, Tu ar iqna dadgenili
konkretuli formebi, ra gziT, ra wesebis dacviTa da ra TanamimdevrobiT unda
moxdes am uflebaTa gamoyeneba. swored amitom kanonebSi mocemulia marTvis
procesSi moqalaqeTa monawileobis formebi da konkretuli SesaZleblobebi.

• am paragrafSi gaecnobiT, ra formebs da meqanizmebs gvTavazobs kanoni Cve­

ni uflebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis.

moqalaqis monawileoba marTvis (gadawyvetilebis miRebis) procesSi sxva­

dasxva formiT gamoixateba:
 qveyanaSi mimdinare politikur procesebze informaciis qoniT;
 mniSvnelovan problemebze msjelobiT;
 sxvadasxva sazogadoebriv Sekrebasa Tu aqciaSi monawileobiT;
 sxvadasxva sazogadoebriv jgufsa da asociaciaSi gawevrianebiT;
 moxaliseobrivi muSaobiT;
 protestis gamoxatviT (Tu amis saWiroeba gaCnda);
 politikosebisTvis werilis miweriT.
CamoTvlili formebi moqalaqeTa Zireul uflebebs ganekuTvneba, xolo maTi gan­
xorcielebis konkretuli meqanizmebi aseve gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeb­
lobiT. `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi~ (Tavi XI. moqalaqeTa monawileoba
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebaSi) gvTavazobs am formebis CamonaTvals:
 informireba _ yovel moqalaqes ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos informacia, Tu
ra programebsa da proeqtebs axorcielebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelo­
ba, raSi ixarjeba biujeti da a. S. ufro metic, kanoniT gansazRvrulia
mniSvnelovani dokumentebis nusxa, romlebic moqalaqeTa moTxovnis ga­
reSec unda gamoaqveynos TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis mier (adgilo­
brivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, muxli 851).
 dasaxlebis saerTo kreba _ saqarTveloSi 3600-ze meti dasaxlebaa, maT So­
ris aris iseTi didi qalaqi, rogoric Tbilisia (1 milionze meti mcxovre­
bi) da iseTi patara soflebi, sadac mxolod ramdenime adamiani cxovrobs.
kanoniT yvela dasaxlebas dasaxlebis saerTo krebis mowveva, romelSic
monawileobis miReba SeeZleba dasaxlebaSi mcxovreb yvela moqalaqes Seu­
Zlia. es meqanizmi gansakuTrebiT efeqturia patara soflebSi. did dasax­
lebebSi, kanonis Tanaxmad, calkeul ubnebSi unda Catardes ubnebis krebebi.
krebis mowveva moqalaqeTa uflebaa. Tu isini saWirod ar CaTvlian, kreba
SeiZleba arc moiwvion. krebas aqvs ufleba, airCios Tavisi xelmZRvaneli _
`rCeuli~, romelsac daavalebs krebaze ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb adgi­
lobriv xelisuflebasTan urTierTobas (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
kodeqsi, muxlebi 852, 853, 854, 855).
 peticia _ TviTmmarTvel erTeulSi mcxovreb amomrCevelTa 1%-s (an mets)
aqvs ufleba, Tavad moamzados calkeul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli xedva da
SeimuSaos misi gadawyvetis gzebi. aseTi mimarTva/peticia egzavneba TviT­

112
 mmarTvelobis organos, romelic valdebulia (iseve, rogorc dasaxlebis
krebis mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi), ganixilos moTxovna da daakmayofilos igi,
an Tu es SeuZlebelia, warmoadginos naTeli dasabuTeba, Tu ratom ar SeiZ­
leba amis gakeTeba (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, muxli 86).
 samoqalaqo mrCevelTa sabWo _ municipalitetis meri kanoniT valdebulia,
Seqmnas sazogadoebriv mrCevelTa sabWo, romelSic gaerTianeba SeuZli­
aT aqtiur moqalaqeebs, adgilobrivi biznesisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoe­
bis warmomadgenlebs. wevrobaze kandidaturis wamoyeneba SeuZlia yvela
moqalaqes. sabWos aqvs ufleba, jer kidev ganxorcielebamde gani­xilos
TviTmmarTvelobis yvela programa da proeqti da mers warudginos Tavisi
mosazrebebi (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, muxli 861).
 TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis saqmianobaSi monawileoba _ yvela adamians
aqvs ufleba, nebarTvis gareSe daeswros sakrebulos sxdomebs, xolo ne­
barTvis SemTxvevaSi _ gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba gansaxilvel sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, muxli 87).
 angariSebis mosmena _ meri da sakrebulos wevrebi valdebuli arian, we­
liwadSi erTxel mainc (ara ugvianes 1 noembrisa), Sexvdnen amomrCevlebs,
warudginon angariSi gaweuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb da upasuxon moqalaqeTa
SekiTxvebs (adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, muxli 88).
aRsaniSnavia, rom am formebs Cveni moqalaqeebi ukve sakmaod xSirad iyeneben,
gansakuTrebiT iseTi programebis ganxilvisas, romlebic uSualod xorciel­deba
sxvadasxva dasaxlebaSi (`soflis mxardaWeris saxelmwifo programa~, munici­
palitetebis `samoqalaqo biujetebis~ programa da a.S.).

samuSao 20.1

imsjeleT monawileobis formebis Sesaxeb. gaakeTeT cxrili da daajgufeT:

 uflebebi, romelTa Sesruleba evaleba adgilobriv xelisuflebas da moqa-
laqeebi iReben informacias;
 uflebebi, romelTa ganxorcielebac moqalaqeTa uSualo aqtivobebzea damok-
idebuli.

`soflis mxardaWeris programis~ farglebSi gansaxorcielebeli proeqtebis

SesarCevad gamarTuli dasaxlebis saerTo kreba tyibulis municipalitetSi.

113
 samuSao 20.2

gaecaniT mocemul magaliTebs qveynis sxvadasxva regionis TviTmmarTvelobebis

saqmianobidan. gansazRvreT, TiToeul SemTxvevaSi konkretulad romeli uflebamo-
sileba gamoiyenes ama Tu im TviTmmarTveli erTeulis mcxovreblebma. saintereso
iqneboda Tu ara TqvenTvis am tipis aqtivobebSi monawileoba? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

1. Suaxevis municipalitetis sofeli

civaZeebi patara, maRalmTiani dasaxle­
baa. aTwleulebis manZilze mas xelisuf­
leba naklebad aqcevda yuradRebas. so­
felSi mwvaved idga gzisa da sasmeli
wylis problema.
bolo wlebSi sofelma arasamTav­
robo organizaciasTan (mSvidobis, de­
mokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri
instututi; adgilobrivi demokratiis
qselis centri) erToblivad muSaobis
kargi tradicia Camoayaliba. maTTan erTad mosaxleobam gadawyvita, gamoeyene­
bina ad­gilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli monawileobis
axali forma _ moewvia dasaxlebis saerTo kreba.
2016 wels moqalaqeTa sainiciativo jgufma gamgeobaSi Seitana gancxadeba,
Caatara dasaxlebis saerTo kreba da airCia Tavisi xelmZRvaneli `rCeuli~. kre­
bis erT-erTi pirveli gadawyvetileba sofelSi misasvleli gzis SekeTeba iyo.
pirvel etapze SekeTda mcire monakveTi (ramdenime aseuli metri), municipalite­
ti da arasamTavroboebi masaliT amaragebdnen sofels, xolo SekeTebaze Tavad
mosaxleoba muSaobda. procesSi CaerTo aWaraSi momuSave norvegiuli kompaniac,
romelmac sofels saSeni masala miawoda.
Semdeg sofelma arasamTavroboebis gareSe gaagrZela muSaoba. Tu 2016 wels
maT municipalitetis biujetidan 133 000 lari miiRes saqmianobisaTvis, momdev­
no wels am Tanxam ukve 220 000 lari Seadgina, rac samjer aRemateba wina 25 wlis
manZilze miRebul daxmarebas. sofelma ukve gadaWra gzisa da sasmeli wyliT mo­
maragebis problema da TviTmmarTvelobasTan erTad axal proeqtebzec muSaobs.
soflis warmatebam mezobeli patara soflebi daarwmuna, rom aseTi saqmianoba
perspeqtiulia. dReisaTvis analogiur programebs mezobeli soflebic axorcie­
leben.
(informaciis wyaro: adgilobrivi demokratiis qselis centri,
http://cldn.ge/images/pdf/000-a-I%20proj---PUBLICATION-118 -mcire-sof-
lebshi.pdf).
2. 2015-2017 wlebSi marneulis
municipalitetSi moqmedebda `samo­
qalaqo biujetis~ programa, rac
municipalitetis biujetis ganawi­
lebisa da xarjvis procesSi moqa­
laqeebis interesebis gamoxatvis sa­
Sualebas iZleva.

114
 am mizniT municipaliteti ad­gilobrivi biujetidan gamoyofda Tanxas, rom­
lis farglebSic, mosaxleobis iniciativiT mzaddeboda proeqtebi. moqalaqee­
bi CarTuli iyvnen iniciativiT wardgenili proeqtebis ganxorcielebis moni­
toringis procesSic.
es modeli sxvadasxva qveyanaSi moqmedebs. Tavidan igi braziliaSi (por­
tu-alegri) dainerga. analogiuri programebi evropaSi poloneTma (`sopotis
modeli~) ganaxorciela. saqarTveloSi marneulis municipaliteti pirvelia,
romelmac 2015 wels danerga igi.
2017 wels proeqtis farglebSi Seiqmna `samoqalaqo biujetis mxardamWeri
sabWo~, romelSic municipalitetis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da mosax­
leobis warmomadgenlebi da mowveuli specialistebi Sevidnen.
marto 2017 wlisTvis marneulma am programisaTvis 1,5 mln. lari gamoyo. moqa­
laqeebma moamzades da waradgines 1,2 mln. laris saerTo Rirebulebis 51 proeqti.
(informaciis wyaro: http://www.marneuli.gov.ge/ge/).

samuSao 20.3

daasaxeleT monawileobis forma, romelic, Tqveni azriT, ufro srulad uzrun­

velyofs moqalaqeTa interesebis gatarebas. moiyvaneT argumentebi Tqveni mosaz-
rebis gasamyareblad. gamarTeT diskusia. gaiyaviT or jgufad da SeecadeT, erT-
maneTs dausabuToT ori urTiersapirispiro pozicia:
1. xelisufleba avirCieT da axla maT unda izrunon TviTmmarTvelobis ganvi-
Tarebaze;
2. miuxedavad arCevisa, es sakmarisi ar aris da Cven aqtiuri monawileoba unda
miviRoT marTvis procesSi.

saSinao davaleba 20.1

• SeecadeT, municipalur saitze naxoT an Tqvens axloblebSi moiZioT informa-

cia, iyo Tu ara Tqvens municipalitetSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ko-
deqsiT saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis miniWebuli romelime uflebis gamoy-
enebis SemTxveva? da Tu iyo, ra forma gamoiyenes da ra sakiTxTan mimarTebiT?

115
21. rogor SeuZliaT moswavleebs, monawileobdnen
TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobaSi?

• Tqveni azriT, samoqalaqo monawileobis ra saxis aqtivobebSi SegiZliaT

CarTva? daasabuTeT, ratom.

Tqven ukve iciT, rom arsebobs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobaSi

moqalaqeTa monawileobis mravali forma, romlebic bevrgan ukve warmatebiT
gamoiyeneba. Tumca TqvenTvis arsebobs SezRudva _ am meqanizmebis gamoyeneba
SeuZlia saqarTvelos moqalaqes, pirs, romelsac 18 weli Seusrulda. arsebobs
ki monawileobis iseTi formebi, romelSi monawileobac moswavleebs SeeZlebaT?

• am paragrafSi gaigebT, rogor SeiZleba CaerTon moswavleebi TviTmmarTve­

lobis ganxorcielebis procesSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Tqven jer kidev ar xarT srulwlovani moqalaqeebi da

kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul saqmianobaSi monawileobis miReba ar SegiZliaT,
mainc gaqvT SesaZlebloba, TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis procesSi Tqveni in­
teresebi gamoxatoT da maTi dacva SeZloT.
SegiZliaT, sakuTari mosaz­
rebebi gaacnoT ufrosebsac
(oja­xis wevrebs, axloblebs) da am
gziT arapirdapir moaxdinoT ze­
gavlena xelisuflebisadmi Cveni
moqalaqeebis damokidebulebaze.
Tumca aucileblad unda
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqven mier ga­
moTqmuli mosazrebebi mniS­
vnelovani da argumentebiT
gam­yarebuli unda iyos, raTa ara­
seriozuli qmedebiT uxer­ xul
mdgomareobaSi ar aRmoCndeT.
amisaTvis saWiroa kargad
gaerkveT, ra gindaT da ra Sedegis miRwevas apirebT. unda gaacnobieroT, ra
TanamimdevrobiT imoqmedoT.
Tqveni saqmianoba ramdenime etapad unda dayoT:
 TqvenTvis saintereso Temis gamokveTa;
 sakiTxis Sesaxeb sruli warmodgenis Seqmna (sad aris problema da ra keT­
deba Tqvens TviTmmarTvelobaSi mis gadasawyvetad);
 saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damatebiTi informaciis moZieba;
 swori adresatis (Sesabamis sferoSi Caxeduli adamianis) monaxva;
 masTan Sexvedra da sakuTari mosazrebebis wardgena.
gamokveTili problemebis/sakiTxebis CamonaTvalis momzadebis Semdeg saWi­
roa darwmundeT, rom am sakiTxebis mogvareba TviTmmarTvelobis uflebamo­
silebebs ganekuTvneba.

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 samuSao 21.1

ewvieT saits kahoot.com-s, moZebneT TamaSi „moqalaqeoba _ adgilobriv TviTmmarT-

velobaSi monawileoba~ da SeamowmeT, ramdenad kargad gaxsovT XIX-XXI paragrafeb-
Si naswavli masala.

saSinao davaleba 21.1

gaecaniT moswavleTa mier TviTmmarTvelobebSi ganxorcielebuli iniciativebis maga­

liTebs. ifiqreT, Tqven ra saxis iniciativas ganaxorcielebdiT?
wyaro: samoqalaqo ganaTlebis programa „momavlis Taoba“ https://civics.ge

1. sofel ganTiadis skolis moswavleebma sagzao usafrTxoebaze izrunes

walkis municipalitetis sofel ganTiadis sajaro skola centralur gzasTan
axlos mdebareobs, gzis meore mxares ki maRaziaa, ris gamoc moswavleebs xSirad
uwevT gzis savali nawilis gadakveTa. gzaze ar iyo zebra gadasasvleli, arc sag­
zao niSnebi, xolo avtomobilebi gadaWarbebuli siCqariT moZraobdnen; amitom
iyo SemTxvevebi, roca bavSvebi Zlivs gadaurCnen avtosagzao SemTxvevebs. amis
gamo ganTiadis skolis moswavleebma werilobiT mimarTes adgilobriv TviT­
mmarTvelobas sagzao usafrTxoebis mizniT skolis win zebra gadasasvlelis
daxazvisa da sagzao niSnebis dadgmis Taobaze.
walkis municipalitetis meriam
maTi Txovna gaiTvaliswina da 2019
wlis noemberSi aq daixaza zebra ga­
dasasvleli, damontaJda siCqaris
Semaferxebeli barierebi da Sesa­
bamisi sagzao niSnebic daidga. Se­
degad, skolis win gzaze gadasvla
axla ukve usafrTxoa.
garda amisa, skolaSi walkis avtoskolis warmomadgenlebic moiwvies, romlebmac
moswavleebs gzaze usafrTxo gadaadgilebisa da sagzao niSnebis Sesaxeb treningi
Cautares. ufrosklaselebma ki posterebi moamzades da es codna umcrosklaseleb­
sac gauziares _ gzaze usafrTxod gadaadgilebis wesebi maTac gaacnes.

2. kurorti menji _ bunebis madliani saocreba

senakis municipalitetis sofel menjis sajaro
skolis moswavleebma TavianT sofelSi arsebuli
samkurnalo Tvisebebis mqone mineraluri wylis
popularizacia gadawyvites. wlebis win menjis
balneologiuri kurorti sayovelTaod iyo cno­
bili da iq mravali adamiani Cadioda. axla balne­
ologiuri kurorti ar funqcionirebs, magram mi­
uxedavad amisa, bevri adgilobrivi Tu ucxoeli
Camodis aq samkurnalod, Tumca, gzaze niSnulebis
ararsebobis gamo, soflis migneba uWirT.

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 moswavleebis iniciativiT, skolis administraciisa da adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis daxmarebiT, zugdidi-Tbilisis mTavar avtomagistralze,
sofel TeklaTis monakveTSi ganaTavses orenovani baneri, romelic kuror­
tamde misasvlel gzas miuTiTebs.
garda amisa, moswavleebma moiZies informacia, ra daavadebebis gankurneba
SeiZleba sofelSi arsebuli mineraluri wylis abazanebiT, aseve _ samedicino
dawesebulebebis Sesaxeb da daamzades bukletebi, romlebic TavianT Temsa da
q.senakSi daariges.

3. sagzao niSnebi da usafrTxoeba

Tbilisis me-19 sajaro skolis samoqa­
laqo klubis wevrebma, TemSi sagzao usaf­
rTxoebis xelSewyobis mizniT adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobasTan iTanamSromles. mos­
wavleebis iniciativiT skolis mimdebare
teritoriaze zebra gadasasvleli daixaza,
damontaJda satvirTo manqanebis gaCerebis
amkrZalavi niSani da ganTavsda avtobusis
ganrigis aRmniSvneli tablo.
Semdeg klubis wevrebma, sagzao niSne­
bisa da sagzao usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis
ukeT gacnobis mizniT, skolaSi simulaciuri TamaSi _ „vicnobT Tu ara sagzao
niSnebs?“ _ Caatares da sainformacio furclebi (flaerebi) daariges TemSi.

VI blokis Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davaleba

davaleba or etapadaa ganawilebuli da sabolood erT mTlian proeqts qmnis.

savaldebulo davaleba (1) - proeqti

Tqveni mizania municipalitetSi arsebuli problemebidan aqtualuri da sain­

tereso Temis SerCeva da misi mogvarebisaTvis proeqtis SemuSaveba.

proeqtSi naTlad unda iyos warmodgenili:

• SerCeuli sakiTxis Sesabamisoba “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsiT”
(muxli.16) municipalitetisaTvis miniWebul uflebamosilebebTan (ix. wyaro 3);
• Seqmnili proeqtis Tanamimdevruloba (problemis aRwera, misi mogvarebis
mizniT dagegmili aqtivobebi, samuSaoebis ganrigi).

praqtikuli rCevebi:

gaixseneT meoTxe savaldebulo kompleqsuri davalebis (sociologiuri kv­

leva) Sedegad gamovlenili problemebi, gaarkvieT, am Temebidan romelia TviTm­
marTvelobis uflebamosileba. (gamoiyeneT wyaro 3-Si mocemuli uflebamosile­
baTa CamonaTvali).

118
 SearCieT gamokveTili problemebidan erT-erTi da daasabuTeT misi Sesabami­
soba “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis” muxli.16-Tan.
municipalitetis saitze moiZieT informacia arCeuli problemis Sesaxeb:
Suqdeba Tu ara informacia Tqven mier moZiebul problemaze? xom ar axorcielebs
municipaliteti Tqven mier SerCeuli problemis mosagvareblad raime saqmiano­
bas/programas?
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiTxoveT TqvenTvis saintereso informacia adgi­
lobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan (mag., sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli programe­
bi, gegmebi, biujetebi da a.S.). informaciis gamoTxovisTvis SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli sajaro informaciis moTxovnis
forma - (ix. danarTi 4.). (gaiTvaliswineT, rom informaciis miRebas SeiZleba 10
samuSao dRe dasWirdes, amitom Tu CaTvliT, rom sakiTxTan mimarTebiT sakmarisi
informacia gaqvT, mimarTva saWiro ar iqneba).
miRebuli informaciis gamoyenebiT SeqmeniT proeqti TqvenTvis ukve cnobili
saproeqto ganacxadis Sesabamisad.

gaxsovdeT, rom problema TviTmmarTvelobis mier mosagvarebel sakiTxs war-

moadgens, amitom mniSvnelovania, Tqveneuli xedva adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas
gaacnoT. amisTvis erT-erTi saukeTeso saSualeba TviTmmarTvelobis warmomad-
genelTan Sexvedraa.
proeqtis meore etapi saSualebas mogcemT iTanamSromloT TviTmmarTvelo­
basTan

savaldebulo davaleba (2) _ Sexvedra adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobasTan

dagegmeT Sexvedra municipalitetis warmomadgeneltan da ganixileT SemuSave­

buli proeqtis da SesaZlo TanamSromlobis gzebi. Sexvedris Sedegebis Sesaxeb
informaciis postis saxiT ganaTavseT blogze an/da Facebook gverdze.

postSi naTlad unda warmoCndes:

• gamovlenili problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebis dasabuTeba;
• TviTmmarTvelobasTan TanamSromlobis konkretuli gzebi da saSualebebi.

praqtikuli rCevebi:

gansazRvreT TviTmmarTvelobis romel warmomadgenelTan iqneboda sasurve­

li Sexvedra (meri, sakrebulos Tavmjdomare, samoqalaqo mrCevelTa sabWos wev­
rebi da a.S.). Tu miiCnevT, rom saWiroa oficialuri mowveva, moamzadeT werili.
werilis ZiriTad nawilSi Tqven mier gaweuli saqmianoba aRwereT. gansazRvreT
Sexvedris dro da adgili. werils yvela moswavlem unda moaweros xeli. (SegiZli­
aT gamoiyenoT danarT #4-Si mocemuli koleqtiuri weriliT mimarTvis forma).
Sexvedris organizebisas kargad gaiazreT: ra miznebs emsaxureba Sexvedra
(sakiTxis arsSi garkveva, sakuTari xedvis warmoCena Tu sxv.)?; gainawileT rolebi
(vin iqneba sxdomis wamyvani, prezentaciis warmdgenebi). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
winaswar SeamowmeT aparatura.

119
 SexvdiT TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenels: waradgineT Tqveni xedva (pro­
eqti); miiReT informacia, ra keTdeba am mimarTulebiT municipalitetSi; ra Sei­
Zleba gakeTdes TviTmmarTvelobasTan Tqveni TanamSromlobisaTvis ra formiT
imuSavebT erTad.

SeafaseT Sexvedris Sedegebi.

Tu amis saWiroebas dainaxavT, SegiZliaT jgufuri werili misweroT munici­
palitets. sadac aRwerT sakiTxs da sTxovT Sesabamis reagirebas (SegiZliaT gamoi­
yenoT danarT #4-Si mocemuli formis struqtura). werili miitaneT adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis misaRebSi an meriis warmomadgenelTan. TviTmmarTvelobis Ta­
namSromels gamoarTviT werilis (gancxadebis) registraciis damadasturebeli
sabuTi. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos werilis (gancxadebis) registraciis nomeri
da TariRi (gaxsovdeT, aseTi sabuTi yovelTvis unda moiTxovoT, rodesac weril­
iT, TxovniT an gancxadebiT mimarTavT nebismier sajaro dawesebulebas).

wyaro 3.
saqarTvelos organuli kanoni _ adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi
amonaridi (2020 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT) _
(adaptirebuli versia)

Tavi III. municipalitetis uflebamosileba

muxli 16. municipalitetis sakuTari uflebamosilebebi
2. municipalitetis sakuTari uflebamosilebebia:
a) municipalitetis biujetis ... momzadeba, ganxilva da damtkiceba
... biujetis Sesrulebis angariSis mosmena da Sefaseba ...
b) municipalitetis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis marTva ...
g) adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis bunebrivi resursebis ... marTva ...
d) adgilobrivi gadasaxadebis ... SemoReba da gauqmeba kanoniT dad­
genili wesiT ...
e) municipalitetis sivrcis dagegmarebis ... da ganaSenianebis gegme­
bis ... SemuSaveba da damtkiceba ...
v) municipalitetis teritoriis keTilmowyoba ... quCebis, parkebis,
skverebisa da sxva sajaro adgilebis dasufTaveba, teritoriis
gamwvaneba, gare ganaTebis uzrunvelyofa;
z) municipaluri narCenebis [nagvis gatana] marTva;
T) wyalmomaragebis ... uzrunvelyofa ...
i) skolamdeli [sabavSvo baRebi] da skolisgareSe aRzrdis dawese­
bulebebis Seqmna da [marTva] ...
k) adgilobrivi ... gzebis marTva, ... transportis parkirebis ad­
gilebiT uzrunvelyofa ...
l) ... municipaluri transportiT momsaxurebis organizeba;
m) gare vaWrobis, gamofenebis, bazrebisa da bazrobebis regulireba;

120
 n) municipalitetis teritoriaze mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema ...
o) Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis gamarTvasTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebis regulireba ...
p) municipalitetSi ... mdebare geografiuli obieqtebisaTvis ...
saxelebis miniWeba;
J) gare reklamis ganTavsebis regulireba;
r) Sinauri cxovelebis yolis wesebis dadgena da upatrono cxo­
velebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta;
s) sasaflaoebis mowyoba da movla-patronoba;
t) adgilobrivi TviTmyofadobis ..., da kulturuli memkvidreobis
dacva ...; adgilobrivi kulturis ZeglTa movla ...; municipalite­
tis biblioTekebis, klubebis, muzeumebis, Teatrebis ... sportu­
li obieqtebis [marTva]...
u) SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebisaTvis, bavSvebisa da mox­
ucebisaTvis saTanado infrastruqturis ganviTareba ...
f) usaxlkaroTa TavSesafriT uzrunvelyofa ...
q) ... sajaro da kerZo TanamSromlobis [xelSewyoba]

4. municipaliteti uflebamosilia ... ganaxorcielos RonisZiebe­

bi dasaqmebis xelSewyobis, soflis meurneobis mxardaWeris, tur­
izmis ganviTarebis, socialuri daxmarebis, ... janmrTelobis dacvis
[mizniT], ... axalgazrduli politikis, masobrivi sportis xelSewyo­
bis, garemos dacvis, genderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyobis, ... in­
vesticiebis mozidvis, inovaciuri ganviTarebis mxardaWeris da sxva
miznebiT.

121
leqsikoni

ambulatoria _ samkurnalo dawesebuleba, romelic samedicino daxmarebas uwevs ro­

gorc momsvlel, ise saxlSi myof avadmyofebs.

asocirebis SeTanxmeba _ SeTanxmeba, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos, meore mxriv ki, evrokav­
Sirsa da evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris, romelic 2014 wels gaformda da
miznad isaxavs saqarTvelos daxmarebas evropasTan daaxloebis procesSi.

avtoritaruli marTva _ mmarTvelobis arademokratiuli forma, romlis drosac ar aris

aucilebeli Tanxmobis arseboba xelisuflebasa da sazogadoebas Soris, gadawyvetilebs
erTi piri (mefe, imperatori, prezidenti, premier-ministri) an pirTa jgufi (magali­
Tad, erTi partia an klani) iRebs da idevneba nebismieri gansxvavebuli azri.

blogpostebi _ blogze gamoqveynebuli Canawerebi.

budrugana _ ficris nageboba.

globaluri _ saerTo, mTliani, erTad aRebuli, rac mTel msoflios moicavs.

daskvniTi (gardamavali) debulebebi _ kanonebis daskvniTi nawili, romelSic aRwerilia,

kanonis romeli nawili rodidan da ra pirobiT amoqmeddeba da romeli kanonebi icv­
leba am kanonis miRebis Sedegad.

demokratia

• pirdapiri demokratia _ mmarTvelobis forma, romlis drosac gadawyvetilebis

miRebis procesSi yvela moqalaqe uSualodaa CarTuli.

• warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia _ mmarTvelobis forma, romlis drosac moqa­

laqeebi irCeven warmomadgenlebs (parlaments, sakrebulos) da maT miandoben mniS­
vnelovani sakiTxebis gadawyvetas.

decentralizacia _ mmarTvelobis sistemis cvla, rodesac qveynis xelisuflebis rigi

funqciebis ganxorcielebis ufleba TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs gadaecema.

ebola _ virusis saxelwodeba.

evrokavSiri _ evropis 27 qveynis politikuri da ekonomikuri gaerTianeba (2020 wlis

mdgomareobiT), romelic miznad isaxavs mSvidobis, keTildReobisa da Tavisuflebis
uzrunvelyofas Tavisi 500 milionamde moqalaqisTvis.

evropis sabWo _ evropis qveynebis organizacia, romelic aerTianebs 47 wevr saxel­mwifos

(maT Soris 27 evrokavSiris wevrs) da miznad isaxavs adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis,
demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaesobis dacvas. saqarTvelo 1999 wels evropis sabWos
41-e wevri qveyana gaxda.

elfebi _ zRapruli arsebebi. qarTul zRaprebSi elfebs alebs uwodeben.

eroba _ samazro TviTmmarTvelobis saxelwodeba saqarTvelos demokratiul respub­

likaSi (1918-1921).

`Tbileli berebi~ _ XI-XII saukuneebis TbilisSi arsebuli uxucesTa sabWo, romelic mar­
Tavda qalaqs.

komunikacia _ informaciis gacvla or an met adamians Soris.

mazra _ teritoriuli erTeulis saxelwodeba ruseTis imperiaSi XIX-XX saukuneebSi.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze daaxloebiT 20 mazra arsebobda, romlebic ZiriTadad
saqarTvelos istoriul mxareebs emTxveoda.

122
mdgradi ganviTareba _ ganviTarebis procesi, romelic sazogadoebis keTildReobas xan­
grZlivi vadiT uzrunvelyofs, anu roca rame problemas vagvarebT, es ise unda gava­
keToT, rom momavalSi Cveni qmedebis Sedegad axali problemebi ar warmoiSvas.

media_ masobrivi komunikaciis beWdviTi an eleqtronuli saSualeba, maT Soris, inter­

neti.

meri _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis aRmasrulebeli xelisufali.

monitoringi _ raime procesze sistematuri dakvirveba.

municipaliteti _ TviTmmarTveli erTeulis saxelwodeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblo­

biT.

nato _ CrdiloeT amerikisa da evropis 30 saxelmwifos kavSiri (2020 wlis mdgomareo­

biT), romlis mizania Tavisi wevri qveynebis Tavisuflebis, politikuri da samxedro
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa.
organuli kanoni _ kanonebi, mniSvnelobis mixedviT, gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. arse­
bobs ierarqia: konstitucia, saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, organuli kanoni, `Cveule­
brivi~ kanoni. qveda donis kanoni winaaRmdegobaSi ar unda modiodes Tavisze maRla
mdgom kanonebTan. organuli kanoni miiReba mniSvnelovani sferoebis dasaregulireb­
lad, romlebic konstituciiTaa gansazRvruli. magaliTad, konstituciaSi weria,
rom TviTmmarTvelobis sfero unda mowesrigdes calke kanoniT. Sesabamisad, aseTi
kanoni ufro maRla dgas, vidre sxva kanonebi.

panda _ daTvis saxeoba (bambukis daTvi).

paramofarikave _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone mofarikave.

presrelizi _ oficialuri organos an piris mier presaSi gamosaqveyneblad gadacemuli

gancxadeba.

raioni _ teritoriuli erTeulis saxelwodeba sabWoTa kavSirSi. saqarTvelos dRevan­

deli municipalitetebi sabWouri raionebis teritoriaze arsebobs.

referendumi _ saxalxo kenWisyraze gamotanili gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani sakiTxi,

romelzec moqalaqeebi afiqsireben sakuTar azrs. referendumis gadawyvetilebis Ses­
ruleba yvelasTvis savaldebuloa. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT SeiZleba mxolod
saerTo-erovnuli referendumis gamarTva. adgilobrivi referendumebis gamarTva
akrZalulia.

saarCevno ufleba

• aqtiuri saarCevno ufleba _ moqalaqis ufleba, airCios sajaro xelisuflebis

arCeviTi organoebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi;

• pasiuri saarCevno ufleba _ moqalaqis ufleba, Tavad iyos arCeuli sajaro xeli­
suflebis arCeviT Tanamdebobaze.

sazogado da kerZo sikeTeebi (sazogado da kerZo sargebeli)

• sazogado sikeTeebi (sargebeli) _ sazogadoebis momsaxurebis iseTi forma, romli­

Tac mTeli sazogadoeba sargeblobs (gzebi, komunikacia, sazogadoebrivi tran­
sporti, skolebi, saavadmyofoebi da a.S)

• kerZo sikeTeebi (sargebeli) _ sazogadoebis momsaxurebis iseTi forma, romliTac

sargeblobs mxolod misi mflobeli da misi axloblebi (sakuTari bina, saxli, sa­
kuTari avtomanqana da a.S.).

sakrebulo _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos saxelwodeba.

123
sajaro informacia _ sajaro dawesebulebaSi miRebuli oficialuri dokumenti, ro­
melsac yvela SeiZleba gaecnos, Tu is ar Seicavs saxelmwifo, komerciul an pirad
saidumlos. sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos sajaro informaciis
xel­misawvdomoba.

soflis statusi _ arsebobs soflebis nusxa, romelic saqarTvelos mTavrobis mieraa

dadgenili. Tu esa Tu is dasaxleba am siaSi ar aris, iuridiulad is calke soflad
ar iTvleba.

subsidiaroba _ principi, romelic gulisxmobs, rom yvelaferi, rac SeiZleba qveda do­
neze gadawydes, zeda dones ar unda gadaeces mosagvareblad.

uflebamosilebebi (kompetenciebi) _ organizaciis an adamianis ufleba, TviTon, Tav­

isi pasuxismgeblobiT moagvaros sxvadasxva sakiTxi. TviTmmarTvelobis uflebamo­
silebebi iyofa sakuTar (kanoniT Tavidanve TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis miniWebul) da
delegirebul (xelisuflebis sxva donis mier TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis gadacemul)
uflebamosilebebad.
uxucesebi _ xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi TemSi sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi (xevis­
beri _ aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi, maxvSi _ svaneTSi, aRsakali _ eTnikuri azer­
baijanelebiT dasaxlebul soflebSi da a.S.).

qartia _ sazogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis mqone zogi dokumentis saxelwodeba.

cenzura _ saxelmwifos mier masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis kontroli da zedamxed­

veloba.

centralizebuli qveynebi _ qveynebi, sadac ar arsebobs (an sustia) Zalauflebis verti­

kaluri danawileba da yvela sakiTxs centraluri xelisufleba wyvets.

xelisuflebis gamWvirvaloba _ gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic mosaxleobas exeba, masTan

SeTanxmebiT da Riad unda iqnes miRebuli; mmarTvelobiTi procedurebi gasagebi
unda iyos.

humanitaruli _ is, rac miznad isaxavs an exmareba adamianebis keTildReobisa da bed­

nierebis gaZlierebas.

humanitaruli daxmareba _ gadaudebeli daxmareba, romelic miznad isaxavs adamianebis

sicocxlis gadarCenas da krizisis (epidemiebi, stiqiuri ubedurebebi da a.S) Sedegad
dazaralebuli mosaxleobis mZime mdgomareobidan gamoyvanas.

124
 danarTi #1
proeqtis forma
proeqtis forma Tu kiTxvari furcelze/rveulSi gadaixazeT da iq SeavseT.
proeqtis saxelwodeba

i!
nS
proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi CarTuli pirebis vinaoba
(saxeli, gvari, sakontaqto informacia)

ig
problemis aRwera Tw
ro
awe

proeqtis mizani da amocanebi

C
ar

mosalodneli Sedegebi

125
 proeqtis forma Tu kiTxvari furcelze/rveulSi gadaixazeT da iq SeavseT.

proeqtis farglebSi dagegmili aqtivobebi

w i g n S i !
ar Ca weroT
aqtivobebis ganxorcielebis ganrigi

pasuxismgebeli
aqtivoba/kvira I II III IV V VI V II
piri

1.

2.
n S i !
3.
o T wig
Caw e r
ar
4.

5.

biujeti

erTeulis erTeulis
dasaxeleba jami
Rirebuleba raodenoba

n S i !
o T wig
Cawe r
ar

126
danarTi #2
TviTSefasebis kiTxvari

proeqtis forma Tu kiTxvari furcelze/rveulSi gadaixazeT da iq SeavseT.

ramdenad mivaRwieT dasaxul mizans?

!
Si
gn
ram Segviwyo xeli miznis miRwevaSi? ram SegviSala xeli?

wi
oT
ras SecvlidiT?
er
Caw

ra viswavleT?
ar

127
danarTi #3
saqarTvelos konstitucia

muxli 17. azris, informaciis, masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa da interne­

tis Tavisuflebis uflebebi
1. azrisa da misi gamoxatvis Tavisufleba daculia. dauSvebelia adamianis
devna azrisa da misi gamoxatvis gamo.
2. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia.
3. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisufalia. cenzura dauSvebelia.
saxelmwifos an calkeul pirebs ara aqvT masobrivi informaciis an misi
gavrcelebis saSualebaTa monopolizaciis ufleba.
4. yvelas aqvs internetze wvdomisa da internetiT Tavisuflad sargeblobis
ufleba.
5. am uflebaTa SezRudva dasaSvebia mxolod kanonis Sesabamisad, demokra­
tiul sazogadoebaSi aucilebeli saxelmwifo an sazogadoebrivi usaf­
rTxoebis an teritoriuli mTlianobis uzrunvelsayofad, sxvaTa ufle­
bebis dasacavad, konfidencialurad aRiarebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis
Tavidan asacileblad an sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoe­
blobis uzrunvelsayofad.
6. kanoni uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis damoukideblobas saxel­
mwifo uwyebebisagan da Tavisuflebas politikuri da arsebiTi komerci­
uli gavlenisagan.
7. mediapluralizmis dacvis, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi azris
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis realizebis, masobrivi informaciis an misi
gavrcelebis saSualebaTa monopolizaciis Tavidan acilebis uzrunvel­
sayofad, agreTve mauwyeblobisa da eleqtronuli komunikaciis sferoSi
momxmarebelTa da mewarmeTa uflebebis dasacavad Seqmnili erovnuli ma­
regulirebeli organos instituciuri da finansuri damoukidebloba ga­
rantirebulia kanoniT

muxli 21. Sekrebis Tavisufleba

1. yvelas, garda im pirebisa, romlebic arian Tavdacvis Zalebis an saxel­
mwifo an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis dacvaze pasuxismgebeli organos
SemadgenlobaSi, aqvs winaswari nebarTvis gareSe sajarod da uiaraRod
Sekrebis ufleba.
2. kanoniT SeiZleba dawesdes xelisuflebis winaswari gafrTxilebis auci­
lebloba, Tu Sekreba xalxis an transportis samoZrao adgilas imarTeba.
3. xelisuflebas SeuZlia Sekrebis Sewyveta mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man
kanonsawinaaRmdego xasiaTi miiRo.

muxli 22. gaerTianebis Tavisufleba

1. gaerTianebis Tavisufleba uzrunvelyofilia.
2. gaerTianebis likvidacia SeiZleba mxolod amave gaerTianebis an sasamar­
Tlos gadawyvetilebiT, kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili
wesiT.

128
danarTi #4
rekomendaciebi kompleqsuri davalebis
produqtebis Sesaqmnelad

slaidSous Seqmnisas
• slaidebze dawereT mcire teqsti, romelsac wardgenisas zepirad ganav­
rcobT;
• imisTvis, rom slaidze ganTavsebuli teqsti martivad aRsaqmeli iyos,
Ria fonze muqi asoebiT da didi SriftiT (18-20) wereT;
• SedarebiT didi teqsti dayaviT buletebad;
• slaidebi teqstis Sesabamisi fotoebiT gaaformeT, Tumca ar gadat­
virToT.

posteris Seqmnisas
• teqsti dawereT didi asoebiT, raTa misi wakiTxva Soridanac martivi
iyos. ecadeT, posteri ar gadatvirToT teqstiT. gamokveTeT mxolod
sakvanZo frazebi;
• teqsti Sesabamisi suraTebiT gaaformeT;
• Tuki posteris Seqmnas eleqtronulad gadawyvetT, saitze www.canva.com
(Templates velSi) posteris nimuSebis moZebna da maTi gadakeTeba SegiZli­
aT. ufaso nimuSebi aRniSnulia warweriT _ Free.

ra aris infografika da ra unda gaviTvaliswinoT misi Seqmnisas

infografika monacemebis an ambebis vizualizaciis saSualebaa, romlis mizania
auditoriasTan rTuli informaciis martivad da swrafad mitana.
• airCieT minimalisturi stili;
• SearCieT mxolod sakvanZo da dasamaxsovrebeli sityvebi;
• SearCieT sityvebis Sesabamisi simboloebi;
• SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT grafikebi, diagramebi, rukebi da a.S.;
• airCieT kargad garCevadi Srifti, ar gadatvirToT ferebiT;
• www.canva.com-ze(Templates velSi) infografikis Sablonebis moZebna da
maTi gadakeTeba SegiZliaT. ufaso nimuSebi aRniSnulia warweriT _ Free.

komiqsis Seqmnisas
• SearCieT/daxateT Tqveni komiqsis personaJebi (komiqsi SeiZleba Seqmnili
iyos qaRaldis furcelze an eleqtronulad mag. word-Si, power point-Si);
• winaswar moifiqreT siuJeti da personaJebi asaubreT mcire teqstebiT.
Tqveni komiqsi SeiZleba mxolod erTi situaciisgan Sedgebodes an ram­
denime epizods aerTianebdes;
• www.canva.com-ze (Templates velSi) komiqsebis Sablonebis moZebna da maTi
gadakeTeba SegiZliaT. ufaso nimuSebi aRniSnulia warweriT _ Free.

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videorgolis Seqmnisas
• winaswar aiReT nebarTva videoSi monawile TiToeuli adamianisgan, rom
mis gadaRebas apirebT, aseve winaswar SeuTanxmdiT, Tu videos gavrcele­
bas gegmavT (igive wesi vrceldeba fotoebzec);
• videos damuSaveba SegiZliaT saitize www.kapwing.com (sxvadasxva funqci­
is, maT Soris montaJis sanaxavad ewvieT tool-is vels).

kvlevis Catarebisas
• winaswar CamoayalibeT kvlevis mizani da kiTxvebi;
• Tuki kvlevas pirispir intervius saxiT atarebT, umetesad Ria kiTxvebi
dasviT;
• gamokiTxeT sxvadasxva asakis, sqesis, profesiis admianebi (Tu romelime
konkretul jgufs ar ikvlevT);
• kvlevis monawileebs winaswar gaacaniT kvlevis mizani da SeuTanxmdiT
monawileobaze;
• kvlevis angariSis dawerisas aRwereT, ramdeni adamiani
gamokiTxeT, romel kiTxvebs upasuxes maT, xolo pasux­
ebi dajamebulad warmoadgineT. kvlevis bolos, Sedege­
bidan gamomdinare, CamoayalibeT daskvna;
• kvlevis eleqtronulad CatarebisTvis SegiZliaT gamoi­
yenoT Google Forms, romlis Seqmnis instruqciasac am QR
kodis saSualebiT SegiZliaT, gaecnoT.

kiTxvaris nimuSi sociologiuri gamokiTxvisaTvis

moswavlis saxeli, gvari _______________________

anketa # __
asaki
sqesi
ra ZiriTadi problemebi gawuxebT (3-5 sakiTxi)
1
2
3
4
5
Tqveni azriT, CamoTvlili problemebidan romeli SeiZleba moagvaros adg-
ilobrivma xelisuflebam (2-3 sakiTxi)
1
2
3
damatebiTi SeniSvna (Tu aseTi gaqvT)

didi madloba!

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werilis miwerisas:
• daiwyeT misalmebiT, umjobesia winaswar gaarkvioT im adamianis saxeli da
gvari visac mimarTavT (organizaciis direqtori) da werilSi gamoiyenoT
misalmebis oficialuri forma. (magaliTad, mogesalmebiT, qalbatono
nino);
• warudgineT Tqveni Tavi, vin xarT Tqven;
• mkafiod gamokveTeT mizani, Tu ratom werT werils;
• daurTeT Tqveni sakontaqto informacia da daaTariReT;
• organizaciis vebgverze kontaqtebis velSi moZebneT organizaciis eleq­
tronuli fosta, romlis saSualebiTac gagzavniT werils;
• Tu pasuxi ar dagibrundaT, gadaamowmeT telefoniT, romelsac aseve, veb­
gverdze kontaqtebis velSi ipoviT.

nimuSi. koleqtiuri weriliT mimarTvis forma

(miuTiTeT sajaro dawesebulebis Tanamdebobis piris pozicia, mag.: mers,

sakrebulos Tavmjdomares, sajaro informaciis gacemaze pasuxismgebel pirs)
(miuTiTeT ganmcxadebelTa jgufis saxelwodeba, mag., `X sajaro skolis
me-8 klasis moswavleTa~)
koleqtiuri gancxadeba

pativcemulo batono/qalbatono,
pirveli nawili. sakiTxis an problemis arsi (mag., Cven vswavlobT X sakiTxis
gadaWris SesaZleblobebs).
meore nawili. sakiTxis an problemis detaluri aRwera (mag., X sakiTxis mog­
vareba mniSvnelovania, radgan...).
mesame nawili. moTxovna (mag., mogvawodoT informacia X1, X2, X3 sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT an CvenTan Sesaxvedrad moavlinoT X sferoze pasuxismgebe­
li piri).
Tavaziani dasasruli: (mag., `vimedovnebT, rom gulisxmierebiT moekidebiT
Cvens Txovnas~).
pativiscemiT,
yvela moswavlis xelmowera
X sajaro skolis me-8 klasis moswavleTa saxeliT:
miuTiTeT sakontaqto piris (savaraudod, maswavleblis) monacemebi: saxeli,
gvari, misamarTi (SesaZloa, skolis), telefonis nomeri, el-fostis misamarTi.
TariRi

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