10th MATHEMATICS PASSING

PACKAGE 2020-21

Prepaid By: Imtiyazahmed U Soudagar M.Sc, B ed M: 6362567298

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EX) Solve x and y by any method. EX) Solve x and y by any method.
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑 and 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓𝒚 = 𝟐 . 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟓 and 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖.
Solution: Elimination Method. Solution: Elimination Method
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 ---------- (1)
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5----------- (1)
7𝑥 − 15𝑦 = 2 --------- (2)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8 ----------- (2)
7𝑥 + 14𝑦 = 21
6𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 15
7𝑥 − 15𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 16
29𝑦 = 19
−𝑦 = −1
𝑦 = 19/29
𝑦=1
Put 𝑦 = 19/29 in equation (1). We get
Put 𝑦 = 1 in equation (1).
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
𝟏𝟗 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
𝑥 + 2(𝟐𝟗) = 3
2𝑥 + 1 = 5
𝑥 + 38/29 = 3
2𝑥 = 5 − 1
𝑥 = 3 − 38/29
2𝑥 = 4
𝑥 = 49/29
𝑥=2

EX) Solve x and y by any method.

𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔 and 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐
Exercise:
Solution: Elimination Method.
EX) Solve for x & y any method.
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 ------------ (1)

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12 ----------- (2) 1) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = −𝟏𝟑 and 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = −𝟐.

2) 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 and 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏.
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 12
3) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟓 and 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖.
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12 4) 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟗 and 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒
- + - 5) 𝟎. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟑 and 𝟎. 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟐. 𝟑
6) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏 and 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = −𝟐𝟒.
9𝑦 = 0
7) 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑 and 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓𝒚 = 𝟐.
𝑦=0 8) 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 and 𝒙 − 𝒚 = −𝟏.
Put 𝑦 = 0 in equation (1). We get 9) 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟓 and − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.

𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 10.) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟓 and 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎.

𝑥 + 3(0) = 6

𝑥+0=6

𝑥=6

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 1. Solve by formula method. 7+1 7−1
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
2 2
𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
X=4 Or X=3
𝟐
Solution: 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

a=2 b = -3 c=1
EX) Solve by formula method
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒 = 𝟎
2𝑎

−(−3)±√(−3)2 −4×2×1 Solution: a = 1 b = -2 c = -4

𝑥= 2×2
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
3±√9−8
𝑥=
2𝑎
𝑥= 4
−(−2)±√(−2)2 −4×1×(−4)
3±√1 𝑥= 2×1
𝑥= 4
2±√4+16
3±1 𝑥=
𝑥= 2
4
2±√20
3+1 3−1 𝑥=
𝑥= or 𝑥 = 2
4 4
1 2±2√5
𝑥=1 or
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2
2) Solve by formula method. 2(1±1√5)
𝑥=
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 2

Solution: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 x = 1 + √5 x = 1 − √5
a=1 b = -7 c = 12

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Exercise: solve by formula method.
𝑥=
2𝑎
1. 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
−(−7)±√(−7)2 −4×1×12 2. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐱 − 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎
𝑥= 3. 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
2×1

7±√49−48 4. 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝑥= 5. 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
2
6. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
7±√1 7. 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
𝑥= 2 8. 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟓𝐱 − 𝟐 = 𝟎
7±1 9. 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐√𝟔𝐱 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
𝑥= 2 10. √𝟐 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐱 + 𝟓√𝟐 = 𝟎
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1) Prove that 𝟑 + √𝟓 is 3) Prove that 𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟓 is
irrational number. irrational number.

Solution: let us assume that 3 + √5 Solution: : let us assume that 3 +

is rational number. 2√5 is rational number.
𝑝 𝑝
3 + √5 = 𝑝 € 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 ≠ 0. 3 + 2√5 = 𝑝 € 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 ≠ 0.
𝑞 𝑞
𝑝 𝑝
√5 = 𝑞 − 3 2√5 = − 3
𝑞

𝑝−3𝑞 𝑝−3𝑞
√5 = 𝑞
2√5 =
𝑞

𝑝−3𝑞 𝑝−3𝑞
w.k.t
𝑞
is rational number. √5 = 2𝑞

𝑝−3𝑞
√5 is a irrational number. w.k.t is rational number.
2𝑞

∴ 3 + √5 Is irrational number. √5 is a irrational number.

2) Prove that 𝟑 − √𝟓 is irrational ∴ 3 + 2√5 Is irrational number.
number.

Solution: let us assume that 3 − √5

is rational number.
𝑝
3 − √5 = 𝑝 € 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 ≠ 0.
𝑞
Exercise
𝑝
−√5 = − 3 Prove that following numbers are
𝑞

p−3q irrational number.

−√5 =
q
1) 𝟓 + √𝟑
−p+3q
√5 = 2) 𝟓 − √𝟑
q
3) 𝟐 + √𝟑
−p+3q
w.k.t is rational number. 4) 𝟐 + √𝟓
q
5) 𝟑 + 𝟓√𝟐
√5 is a irrational number. 6) 𝟔 + √𝟐
7) 𝟑 − √𝟕
∴ 3 − √5 Is irrational number.
8) 𝟓 − √𝟓
9) 𝟑 + √𝟕
10) 𝟐 − √𝟓
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 • DISTANCE FORMULA: EX3) Find the distance between two
points (2, 3) and (6,-8).by using
𝒅 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 formula.
𝐄𝐱) Find the distance between two Solution: (2, 3) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
points (6, 5) and (4, 4).
(6,-8) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
Solution: (6, 5) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
(4, 4) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
𝑑 = √(6 − 2)2 + (−8 − 3)2
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑑 = √(4)2 + (−11)2
𝑑 = √(4 − 6)2 + (4 − 5)2
𝑑 = √16 + 121
𝑑= √(−2)2 + (−1)2

𝑑 = √4 + 1 d = √137 units.

𝒅 = √𝟓 units.
Exercise

𝐄𝐱𝟐) Find the distance between two Find the distance between
following points.
points (4, 7) and (2, 3).
1) Find the distance between two
Solution: (4, 7) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) points (-2, 5) and (-5, 2).
2) Find the distance between two
(2, 3) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
points (1, 7) and (-2, 3).
3) Find the distance between two
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
points (-6, 4) and (5, -7).
4) Find the distance between two
𝑑 = √(2 − 4)2 + (3 − 7)2
points (-4, -7) and (-2, -3).
𝑑 = √(−2)2 + (−4)2 5) Find the distance between two
points (1, 1) and (3, 2).
𝑑 = √4 + 16 6) Find the distance between two
points (-3, 2) and (2, -3).
𝑑 = √20 7) Find the distance between two
points (4, 3) and (8, -3).
𝑑 = 2√5 Units.

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➢ MID POINT FORMULA. 5+5 3+1
𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , )
2 2
𝐱 𝟏 +𝐱 𝟐 𝐲𝟏 +𝐲𝟐
𝐏( 𝐗 , 𝐘) = ( , ) 10 4
𝟐 𝟐 𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , )
2 2

EX) find the midpoint of the points

𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = (5, 2)
(−𝟒 , 𝟏) and (𝟓 , 𝟐).
➢ SECTION FORMULA:
Solution: (−4 ,1) = ( x1 , y1 )
𝐦𝟏 𝐱 𝟐 +𝐦𝟐 𝐱 𝟏 𝐦𝟏 𝐲𝟐 +𝐦𝟐 𝐲𝟏
𝐏( 𝐗 , 𝐘) = ( , )
(5 ,2) = ( 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) 𝐦𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐 𝐦𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐

𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2 EX) Find the coordinates of the point

𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , ) which divides the join of (−𝟏, 𝟕)
2 2
and (𝟒 , −𝟑) in the ratio 2:3.
−4+5 1+2
𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , )
2 2
Solution: (−1,7) = ( x1 , y1 )
1 3
𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , ) (4 , −3) = ( 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) m1 : m2 = 2:3
2 2

EX) find the midpoint of the points (𝟑, 𝟏) 𝐦𝟏 𝐱𝟐 +𝐦𝟐 𝐱𝟏 𝐦𝟏 𝐲𝟐 +𝐦𝟐 𝐲𝟏

P ( X , Y) = ( , )
𝐦𝟏 + 𝐦 𝟐 𝐦𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
and (𝟒 , 𝟓).

Solution: (3,1) = ( x1 , y1 ) P ( X , Y) =
(𝟐)(𝟒)+𝟑(−𝟏) (𝟐)(−𝟑)+𝟑(𝟕)
( , )
(4 ,5) = ( 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) 𝟐+𝟑 𝟐+𝟑

𝟖−𝟑 −𝟔+𝟐𝟏
𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = (
𝑥1 +𝑥2
,
𝑦1 +𝑦2
) P ( X , Y) = ( , )
2 2 𝟓 𝟓

𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = (
3+4
,
1+5
) P( X , Y) = (1 , 3) .
2 2

7 6
Exercise
𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , )
2 2
EX) Find the coordinates of the point which
7
𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , 3) divides the join of (𝟒, −𝟏) and (−𝟐 , −𝟑) in
2
the ratio 1:3.
EX) find the midpoint of the points (𝟓, 𝟑)
EX) Find the coordinates of the point which
and (𝟓 , 𝟏).
divides the join of (−𝟔, 𝟏𝟎) and (𝟑 , −𝟖) in
Solution: (5,3) = ( x1 , y1 ) the ratio 2:7.

(5,1) = ( 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) EX) Find the midpoint of the points

(𝟓 , −𝟔) and (−𝟏 , −𝟒).
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑃( 𝑋 , 𝑌) = ( , )
2 2 EX) Find the midpoint of the points
(𝟐 , −𝟐) and (−𝟕 , 𝟒).

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EX) Find the quotient and remainder Quotient = 𝒙 − 𝟑
when 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 is
divided by 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏. Remainder = 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟗

Solution: 𝑝(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 EX) Show that polynomial 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 is

a factor of polynomial
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝟑𝒙𝟒 + 𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐.

3𝑥 − 5 Solution: 𝐩(x) = 3x 4 + 5x 3 − 7x 2 + 2x + 2.

x 2 + 2x + 1 3x 3 + x 2 + 2x + 5 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
3x 3 + 6x 2 + 3x 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 2
− − − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 3x 4 + 5x 3 − 7x 2 + 2x + 2

−5x 2 − x + 5 3x 4 + 9x 3 − 3x 2

−5x 2 − 10x − 5 − − +

+ + + −4x 3 − 10x 2 + 2x + 2

−4x 3 − 12x 2 − 4x
9x + 10
+ + +
Quotient = 𝟑𝐱 − 𝟓
2x 2 + 6x + 2
Remainder = 𝟗𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎
2x 2 + 6x + 2
EX) Find the quotient and remainder
when 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 is − − −
divided by𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐.
0
Solution: 𝒑(x) = x 3 − 3x 2 + 5x − 3

g(x) = x 2 − 2
Exercise
x−3
EX) Find the quotient and remainder
2 3 2
x −2 x − 3x + 5x − 3 when 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓 is
x3 − 2x divided by𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟏.

− + EX) Find the quotient and remainder

when 𝒑(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 is
−3x 2 + 7x − 3 divided by 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 .
−3x 2 +6 EX) Show that polynomial 𝒙 − 𝟐 is a
factor of polynomial
+ −
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 .
7x − 9

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➢ AREA OF SECTOR EX) In a circle of radius 𝟐𝟏 𝐜𝐦 if angle, an
arc subtends an angle of 𝟔𝟎𝟎 at the
𝛉 centre find the area of segment.
❖ Area of Sector = × 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
Solution: Given 𝑟 = 21𝑐𝑚 𝜃 = 600
𝛉
❖ Length of arc = × 2𝝅𝐫 𝛉
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 Area of Sector = × 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎

600 22
= × × 21 × 21
EX) Find the area of a sector the 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 7
circle with radius 6cm if angle of 600 22
sector is 𝟔𝟎𝟎. = × × 21 × 21
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 7

Solution: Given 𝑟 = 6𝑐𝑚 𝜃 = 600

Area of Sector = 231 𝑐𝑚2
𝛉
Area of Sector = × 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
√𝟑
0
60 22
Area of equilateral triangle = 𝒂𝟐
𝟒
= × ×6×6
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 7
√𝟑
600 22
= × 21 × 21
𝟒
= × ×6×6
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 7
√3
22 Area of equilateral triangle = 441 cm2
= ×6 4
7
Area of segment = Area of sector –
136 2
Area of Sector = 𝑐𝑚 Area of Equilateral Triangle
7

EX) In a circle of radius 𝟐𝟏 𝐜𝐦 if angle, an √3

Area of Sector = 231 − 441 cm2
arc subtends an angle of 𝟒𝟎𝟎 at the 4
centre. Find the length of the arc.
0
Exercise
Solution: Given 𝑟 = 21𝑐𝑚 𝜃 = 40
EX) Find the area of a sector the circle
𝛉
Length of arc = × 2𝝅𝐫 with radius 7cm if angle of sector
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
is 𝟗𝟎𝟎 .
𝟒𝟎0 22
= ×2× × 21 EX) In a circle of radius 𝟐𝟏 𝐜𝐦 if angle,
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 7
an arc subtends an angle of 𝟒𝟎𝟎 at the
𝟏 22
= ×2× × 21 centre. Find the length of the arc.
𝟗 7

136
EX) In a circle of radius 𝟏𝟒 𝐜𝐦 if angle,
2
Length of arc = cm an arc subtends an angle of 𝟔𝟎𝟎 at the
7
centre find the area of segment.

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➢ PROBABILITY: 𝑬 = {𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, } , 𝒏(𝑬) = 𝟑
𝐧(𝐄)
𝑷(𝑬) =
𝒏(𝑬) 𝐏(𝐄) =
𝐧(𝐒)
𝒏(𝑺)
𝟑
Ex) A die is thrown once, Find the 𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟔
probability of getting A) A prime 𝟏
number B) a number lying between 𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟐
2 and 6. C) An odd number. D) an
perfect square.
D) A perfect square.
Solution: A die ids thrown once,
𝑬 = {𝟏, 𝟒} 𝒏(𝑬) = 𝟐
𝑺 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔} 𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝐧(𝐒)
𝒏(𝑺) = 𝟔
𝟐
A) A prime number 𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟔

𝑬 = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, } , 𝒏(𝑬) = 𝟑 𝟏
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟑
𝐧(𝐄)
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝐧(𝐒)

𝟑 EX) A box contains 90 disc which are

𝐏(𝐄) = numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc
𝟔
is drawn at random from box, find
𝟏 the probability that it bears A) a two
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟐 digit number B) A perfect a square
number.
B) A number lying between 2 and 6.
Solution: 𝒏(𝑺) = 𝟗𝟎

𝑬 = {𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, } , 𝒏(𝑬) = 𝟑 A) a two digit number

𝐧(𝐄) 𝒏(𝑬) = 𝟖𝟏
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝐧(𝐒)
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟖𝟏
𝟑 𝐏(𝐄) = =
𝐧(𝐒) 𝟗𝟎
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟔
𝟗
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
𝐏(𝐄) =
𝟐 B) A perfect a square number.
𝐧(𝐄) = 𝟗
C) An odd number.
𝐧(𝐄) 𝟗
𝐏(𝐄) = = = 𝟏/𝟗
𝑬 = {𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓} , 𝒏(𝑬) = 𝟑 𝐧(𝐒) 𝟗𝟎

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CONSTRUCTION: EX) Draw a line segment of length of
7cm and dived in the 2:3. Measure
the two parts.
Ex) draw a circle of radius 6cm. Solution:
From a point 10 cm away from its
centre, construct the pair of
tangents to the circle and measure
their lengths.
Solution:

Exercise
1) Draw a circle of radius 4.5cm.
EX) Draw a pair of tangents to a
From a point 11 cm away from
circle of radius 5cm which are
inclined to each other at an angle of its centre, construct the pair of
𝟔𝟎𝟎 . tangents to the circle and
measure their lengths.
Solution:
2) Draw a pair of tangents to a
circle of radius 5.6cm which are
inclined to each other at an
angle of 𝟕𝟎𝟎 .

2) Draw a line segment of length

of 7cm and dived in the 2:3.
Measure the two parts.

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3 MARKS QUESTION : O is centre of circle. TP and TQ are two
tangents.
Theorem: The lengths of Join OQ. We know that. ∆𝐎𝐏𝐐 is
tangents drawn from an isosceles triangle.
external point to a circle are
2 ∠ OPQ + ∠ POQ = 1800 ------------ (1)
equal.
∠ PTQ + ∠ POQ = 1800 --------------- (1)
Proof:
From equation (1) and (2)

2 ∠ OPQ + ∠ POQ = ∠ PTQ + ∠ POQ

∠ PTQ = 2 ∠ OPQ

Theorem: Prove that the angle

O is centre of circle. P is external between the two tangents drawn
point, PQ and PR are tangents. from an external point to a circle is
supplementary to the angle
To prove that 𝑷𝑸 = 𝑷𝑹
subtended by the line-segment
Join OQ, OR and OP. joining the points of contact at the
centre.
In ∆𝐎𝐏𝐐 and ∆𝐎𝐏𝐑
Proof: O is the
𝟎
< 𝑄 =< 𝑅 = 𝟗𝟎 centre of circle. TP
and TQ are two
𝑶𝑸 = 𝑶𝑹 are radii of circle. tangents. To show
that
𝐎𝐏 is common hypotenuse
∠ 𝐏𝐎𝐐 + ∠ 𝐏𝐓𝐐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
By using RHS rule.
We know that
∆𝐎𝐏𝐐 ∆𝐎𝐏𝐑
< 𝑄 =< 𝐏 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎 (The tangent at any point
𝑷𝑸 = 𝑷𝑹 of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact).
Theorem: Two tangents TP and TQ
are drawn to a circle with centre O And OPTQ is quadrilateral .
from an external point T. Prove that
∠ 𝐏𝐎𝐐 + ∠ 𝐎𝐏𝐓 + ∠ 𝐏𝐓𝐐 + ∠ 𝐎𝐐𝐓 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
∠ PTQ = 2 ∠ OPQ.
∠ 𝐏𝐎𝐐 + 𝟗𝟎𝟎 + ∠ 𝐏𝐓𝐐 + 𝟗𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
Proof:
∠ 𝐏𝐎𝐐 + ∠ 𝐏𝐓𝐐 + 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎

∠ 𝐏𝐎𝐐 + ∠ 𝐏𝐓𝐐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎

∠ 𝐏𝐎𝐐 + ∠ 𝐏𝐓𝐐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎

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Ogive Graph: 2) Draw the more than type ogive of
following distribution table.
EX 1) Draw the less than type ogive of
following distribution table. C.I 5-10 10- 15- 20- 25- 30- 35-
15 20 25 30 35 40
C.I 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 180-200
f 2 12 2 4 3 4 3

f 12 14 8 6 10
Solution:
Solution:
C.I f C.F
C.I f c.f More than 5 2 30
Less than120 12 12 More than10 12 30-2= 28
Less than140 14 14+12=26 More tha15 2 28-12= 16
Less than160 8 26+8=34 More than20 4 16-2= 14
Less than180 6 34+6=40 More than 25 3 14-4= 10
Less than200 10 40+10=50 More than 30 4 10-3= 7
N= 50 More than 35 3 7-4= 3

N=30

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Mean: Mode :
∑ 𝐟𝐱 𝒇𝟏 −𝒇𝟎
𝐱̅ = Mode= 𝒍 + ( )×𝒉
𝟐𝒇𝟏 −𝒇𝟎 −𝒇𝟐
∑𝐟
Ex) find Mean of the following
EX) find the mode of the following
distribution table. data

C.I 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10- 12- C.I 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11
12 14
f 7 8 2 2 1
f 1 2 1 5 6 2 3

Solution:
Solution: 𝑓0 = 7

C.I f C.M (x) fx 𝑓1 −𝑓0

=𝑙+( )×ℎ 𝑓1 = 8
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
0-2 1 1 1
8−7
=3+( )×2 𝑓2 = 2
2(8)−7−2
2-4 2 3 6
1
4-6 1 5 5 =3+( )×2 𝑙=3
16−7−2

6-8 5 7 35 1
= 3+( )×2 ℎ=2
7
8-10 6 9 54 2
=3+( )
7
10-12 3 11 33
= 3 + 0.285
12-14 2 13 26

∑ 𝐟 = 𝟐𝟎 ∑ 𝐟 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟖𝟓

∑ fx 160
x̅ = ∑f
=
20 Exercise:
𝐱̅ = 𝟖 1) Find the Mode of the following
data.
Exercise:
C.I 0-20 20- 40- 60- 80- 100-
Ex) find Mean of the following 40 60 80 100 120
distribution table. f 10 35 52 61 38 29

C.I 5-15 15- 25- 35- 45- 55- (Prepaid By: ImtiyazAhmed U
25 35 45 55 65 Soudagar)Royal Education School Society
Athani.
f 6 11 21 23 14 5

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Median: Exercise:
𝒏
𝟐
−𝒄.𝒇 1) Find median of the following
Median = 𝒍 + ( )×𝒉 distribution table.
𝒇

EX) find median of the following C.I 118- 127- 136- 145- 154- 163- 172-
distribution table. 126 135 144 153 162 171 180

f 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
C.I 65- 85- 105- 125- 145- 165- 185-
85 105 125 145 165 185 205 2) Find median of the following
f 4 5 13 20 14 8 4 distribution table.

Solution: C.I 0-10 10-20 20- 30- 40- 50-

30 40 50 60
C.I f c.f 5 8 20 15 7 5
f
65-85 4 4
3) Find mean, Median, Mode of the
85-105 5 4+5=9 following distribution table.
105-125 13 9+13=22 c.f
C.I 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19
125-145 f 20 22+20=42
f 6 30 40 16 4 4
145-165 14 42+14=56
4) Draw the less than type ogive of
165-185 8 56+8=64 following distribution table.
185-205 4 64+4=68
C.I 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70-
N=68 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

f 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
Solution:
𝐧
−𝐜.𝐟 5) Draw the more than type ogive of
𝟐
Median = 𝒍 + ( )×𝒉 following distribution table.
𝐟

N = 68, N/2= 68/2 = 34 C.I 135- 140- 145- 150- 155- 160-
140 145 150 155 160 165
L = 125, f = 20, c.f = 22 , h = 20
f 4 7 18 11 6 5
34−22
Median = 125 + ( ) × 20
20
Prepaid By: ImtiyazAhmed U Soudagar
12
= 125 + ( ) × 20 ROYAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
20
SCHOOL ATHANI.
= 125 + 12

Median = 137
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Construction: EX) Draw a triangle ABC with side
BC=7cm, < 𝐵 = 45° and < 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎
EX) Construct a triangle of sides 4cm, then construct a triangle whose
5cm, and 6cm and then a triangle sides are 4/3 times the
similar to it whose sides are 2/3 of corresponding sides of the ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪.
the corresponding sides of the first
triangle.

EX) Draw a right triangle in which

the sides (other than hypotenuse)
EX) Construct a triangle with sides are if lengths 4cm and 3cm. Then
5cm, 6cm and 7cm and then another construct another triangle whose
triangle whose sides are 7/5 of the sides are 5/3 times the
corresponding sides of the first corresponding side of the given
triangle. triangle.

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 Royal Eduction Society’s School Athani

4 MARKS QUESTION :

THALE’S THEOREM ( B P T)

SATEMENT: “If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other
two sides in distinct Points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio”

Proof: ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 DE‖BC.

𝐀𝐃 𝐀𝐄
To prove =
𝐁𝐃 𝐄𝐂

Join BE and CD and then draw DM ⊥ AC and EN ⊥ AB.

Area of triangle =1/2 × base× height

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑨𝑫𝑬) 𝟏/𝟐×𝑨𝑫×𝑬𝑵

= -
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑩𝑫𝑬) 𝟏/𝟐×𝑫𝑩×𝑬𝑵

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑨𝑫𝑬) 𝑨𝑫
= ------------------------ (1)
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑩𝑫𝑬) 𝑫𝑩

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 (∆𝐀𝐃𝐄) 𝟏/𝟐×𝐀𝐃×𝐄𝐍

= -
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 (∆𝐁𝐃𝐄) 𝟏/𝟐×𝐃𝐁×𝐄𝐍

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑨𝑫𝑬) 𝟏/𝟐×𝑫𝑴×𝑨𝑬

= -
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑫𝑬𝑪) 𝟏/𝟐×𝑫𝑴×𝑬𝑪

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑨𝑫𝑬) 𝑨𝑬
= ------------------------ (2)
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 (∆𝑫𝑬𝑪) 𝑬𝑪

From questions (1) and (2) we get

𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
= 𝑬𝑪-
𝑩𝑫

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 Royal Eduction Society’s School Athani

Theorem: A.A.A Similarity

If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the
same ratio (or proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar.

Proof:

In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 and ∆𝑫𝑬𝑭

 B =  E And C =  F

AB BC AC
To prove = =
DE EF DF

Cut DP = AB and DQ = AC join PQ

In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 and ∆𝑫𝑷𝑸

 A = D

AB = DP
AC = DQ

ABC  DPQ (By SAS rule)

B = P

E = P

PQ is parallel to EF, By Thales theorem.

DP DQ
=
DE DF

AB BC AC
Similarly = =
DE EF DF

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 Royal Eduction Society’s School Athani

Areas of Similar Triangles:

“The ratio of the areas two similar triangle is equal to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding sides”.
Proof:

∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 and ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 are similar triangles ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ⩪ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹

𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪
= =
𝑷𝑸 𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑹
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑩𝟐 𝑩𝑪𝟐 𝑨𝑪𝟐
To prove = = =
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝑹𝟐 𝑷𝑹𝟐

Draw AM ꓕ BC and PN ꓕ QR
In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑴 and ∆𝑷𝑸𝑵
< 𝐵 =< 𝑄
< 𝑀 =< 𝑁 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎
By A.A.A similarity
∆𝑨𝑩𝑴 ⩪ ∆𝑷𝑸𝑵
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑴 𝑨𝑴
= =
𝑷𝑸 𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑵

𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑴
= -------------(1)
𝑷𝑸 𝑷𝑵
𝟏
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝟐
×𝑨𝑴×𝑩𝑪
= 𝟏
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 ×𝑷𝑵×𝑸𝑹
𝟐

𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑴 𝑩𝑪
= ×
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑵 𝑸𝑹
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪
= × (From 1)
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑸 𝑸𝑹
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩
= ×
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑸 𝑷𝑸

𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑩𝟐

=
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑸𝟐

𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑩𝟐 𝑩𝑪𝟐 𝑨𝑪𝟐

Similarly = = =
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 𝑷𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝑹𝟐 𝑷𝑹𝟐

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 Royal Eduction Society’s School Athani

Pythagoras Theorem :
Statement: “In a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides.”
Proof: ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 right triangle at < 𝐵 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎
To prove , 𝑨𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑩𝟐 + 𝑩𝑪𝟐
Draw BD ꓕ AC
In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 and ∆𝑨𝑫𝑩.
< 𝐵 =< 𝐷 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎
< 𝐴 Is common
By A.A.A similarity
∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ⩪ ∆𝑨𝑫𝑩.
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪
= =
𝑨𝑫 𝑫𝑩 𝑨𝑩
𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑪
=
𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑩

𝑨𝑩𝟐 = 𝑨𝑪 × 𝑨𝑫 -------------------(1)
Similarly ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ⩪∆𝑩𝑫𝑪.
< 𝐵 =< 𝑫 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎
< 𝐶 Is common
By A.A.A similarity

∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ⩪∆𝑩𝑫𝑪
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪
= =
𝑩𝑫 𝑫𝑪 𝑩𝑪
𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪
=
𝑫𝑪 𝑩𝑪

𝑩𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑪 × 𝑫𝑪 --------------------------(2)
Adding (1) and (2) we get.

𝑨𝑩𝟐 + 𝑩𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑪 × 𝑨𝑫 + 𝑨𝑪 × 𝑫𝑪
= 𝑨𝑪(𝑨𝑫 + 𝑫𝑪)
= 𝑨𝑪 × 𝑨𝑪
𝑨𝑩𝟐 + 𝑩𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑪𝟐
𝑨𝑪𝟐 = 𝑨𝑩𝟐 + 𝑩𝑪𝟐

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GRAPH :
Ex: Solve by graph 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟒 and
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖
Solution: 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟒 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟒

𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖
X 0 -2 3
Y 0.8 0 2 - - -
𝒙 = 𝟎 : 𝟐(𝟎) − 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟒
-6y = -12
−𝟓𝒚 = −𝟒
Y=2
𝒚 = 𝟒/𝟓

𝒚 = 𝟎. 𝟖
𝒚=𝟎 : 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓(𝟎) = −𝟒
Ex: Solve by graph 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟐 and
𝟐𝒙 = −𝟒
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐
𝒙 = −𝟐
Solution: 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟐
𝒚=𝟐 : 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓(𝟐) = −𝟒
X 0 -2 2
𝟐𝒙 = −𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎 Y -1 0 -2
𝒙 = 𝟔/𝟐
𝒙=𝟎 : 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟐
𝐱=𝟑
𝟎 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟐
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖
𝒚 = −𝟏
X 0 4 3
Y 8 0 2 𝒚=𝟎 : 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟐

𝒙 + 𝟐(𝟎) = −𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟎 : 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖
𝒙 = −𝟐
𝟐(𝟎) + 𝒚 = 𝟖
𝒚 = −𝟐 : 𝒙 + 𝟐(−𝟐) = −𝟐
𝒚=𝟖
𝒙 − 𝟒 = −𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟎 : 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖
𝒙 = −𝟐 + 𝟒
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟎 = 𝟖
𝒙=𝟐
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟖
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟖/𝟐
X 0 0.6 2
𝒙=𝟒 Y 1 0 -2
𝒚=𝟐 : 𝟐𝒙 + (𝟐) = 𝟖
𝒙=𝟎 : 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟖 − 𝟐
𝟑(𝟎) + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟔/𝟐

𝐱=𝟑 𝒚=𝟏

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𝒚=𝟎 : 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒚 = −𝟐 : 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑(−𝟐) = 𝟐

𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐(𝟎) = 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐 + 𝟔

𝒙 = 𝟐/𝟑 𝒙 = 𝟖/𝟐

𝐱=𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟔
𝒚 = −𝟐 : 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐(−𝟐) = 𝟐 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 = 𝟖

X 0 8 4
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝟐
Y -4 0 -2
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒙 = 𝟎 : 𝟎 − 𝟐𝐲 = 𝟖

𝒙=𝟐 𝐲 = −𝟒
𝒚 = 𝟎 : 𝐱 − 𝟐(𝟎) = 𝟖
𝐱=𝟖
𝒚 = −𝟐 : 𝐱 − 𝟐(−𝟐) = 𝟖

𝐱=𝟖−𝟒

𝐱=𝟒

Ex: Solve by graph 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟐 and 𝒙 −

𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖
Solution: 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟐

X 0 1 4
Y 0.6 0 -2 Exercise:

Solve the following pair of linear equation by

𝒙 = 𝟎 : 𝟐(𝟎) + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟐 graphically method.
𝒚 = 𝟐/𝟑 1) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟔 = 𝟎 and 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎
2) 𝐲 = 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐 and 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒
𝐲 = 𝟎. 𝟔
3) 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔 and 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟑𝐲 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒚=𝟎 : 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑(𝟎) = 𝟐 4) 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑 and 𝟑𝐱 + 𝐲 = 𝟕
5) 𝒙 − 𝒚 = −𝟐 and 𝟒𝐱 − 𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐
Prepaid by : ImtiyazAhmed U Soudagar.
𝒙=𝟏 Royal Education Society’s School Athani

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