NETWORK DESIGN What is the internet of things (IoT)?
The internet of things, or IoT, is a network of interrelated devices
that connect and exchange data with other IoT devices and the cloud. IoT devices are typically embedded with technology such as sensors and software and can include mechanical and digital machines and consumer objects. Why is IoT important? IoT helps people live and work smarter. Consumers, for example, can use IoT-embedded devices -- such as cars, smartwatches or thermostats -- to improve their lives. For example, when a person arrives home, their car could communicate with the garage to open the door; their thermostat could adjust to a preset temperature; and their lighting could be set to a lower intensity and color. What are the benefits of IoT to organizations? Improves the customer experience. Saves time and money. Enhances employee productivity. Provides integration and adaptable business models. Enables better business decisions. Generates more revenue advantages of IoT include the following: Enables access to information from anywhere at any time on any device. Improves communication between connected electronic devices. Enables the transfer of data packets over a connected network, which can save time and money. advantages of IoT include the following: Collects large amounts of data from multiple devices, aiding both users and manufacturers. Analyzes data at the edge, reducing the amount of data that needs to be sent to the cloud. Automates tasks to improve the quality of a business's services and reduces the need for human intervention. advantages of IoT include the following: Collects large amounts of data from multiple devices, aiding both users and manufacturers. Analyzes data at the edge, reducing the amount of data that needs to be sent to the cloud. Automates tasks to improve the quality of a business's services and reduces the need for human intervention. Enables healthcare patients to be cared for continually and more effectively. disadvantages of IoT include the following: Increases the attack surface as the number of connected devices grows. As more information is shared between devices, the potential for a hacker to steal confidential information increases. Makes device management challenging as the number of IoT devices increases. Organizations might eventually have to deal with a massive number of IoT devices, and collecting and managing the data from all those devices could be challenging. disadvantages of IoT include the following: Has the potential to corrupt other connected devices if there's a bug in the system. Increases compatibility issues between devices, as there's no international standard of compatibility for IoT. This makes it difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other. IoT standards and frameworks
International Electrotechnical Commission.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Industrial Internet Consortium. Open Connectivity Foundation. Thread Group. Connectivity Standards Alliance. Some examples of IoT standards include the following:
IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area
Networks (6LoWPAN) is an open standard defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). This standard enables any low-power radio to communicate to the internet, including 804.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy and Z-Wave for home automation. In addition to home automation, this standard is also used in industrial monitoring and agriculture Some examples of IoT standards include the following:
Zigbee is a low-power, low-data rate wireless
network used mainly in home and industrial settings. ZigBee is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The ZigBee Alliance created Dotdot, the universal language for IoT that enables smart objects to work securely on any network and understand each other. Some examples of IoT standards include the following:
Data Distribution Service (DDS) was developed by
the Object Management Group and is an industrial IoT (IIoT) standard for real-time, scalable and high- performance machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. IoT protocols include the following:
Constrained Application Protocol. CoAP is a protocol
designed by the IETF that specifies how low-power, compute-constrained devices can operate in IoT. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol. The AMQP is an open source published standard for asynchronous messaging by wire. AMQP enables encrypted and interoperable messaging between organizations and applications. The protocol is used in client-server messaging and in IoT device management IoT protocols include the following:
Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). This
protocol for WANs is designed to support huge networks, such as smart cities, with millions of low- power devices. MQ Telemetry Transport. MQTT is a lightweight protocol that's used for control and remote monitoring applications. It's suitable for devices with limited resources. IoT frameworks include the following: Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT is a cloud computing platform for IoT released by Amazon. This framework is designed to enable smart devices to easily connect and securely interact with the AWS cloud and other connected devices. Arm Mbed IoT is an open source platform to develop apps for IoT based on Arm microcontrollers. The goal of this IoT platform is to provide a scalable, connected and secure environment for IoT devices by integrating Mbed tools and services. IoT frameworks include the following: Microsoft Azure IoT Suite platform is a set of services that let users interact with and receive data from their IoT devices, as well as perform various operations over data, such as multidimensional analysis, transformation and aggregation, and visualize those operations in a way that's suitable for business. Calvin is an open source IoT platform from Ericsson designed for building and managing distributed applications that let devices talk to each other. Calvin includes a development framework for application developers, as well as a runtime environment for handling the running application. HISTORY OF IOT Kevin Ashton, co-founder of the Auto-ID Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), first mentioned the internet of things in a presentation he made in 1999 to Procter & Gamble (P&G). Wanting to bring radio frequency ID to the attention of P&G's senior management, Ashton called his presentation "Internet of Things" to incorporate the cool new trend of 1999: the internet. MIT professor Neil Gershenfeld's book, When Things Start to Think, also appeared in 1999. Although the book didn't use the exact term, it provided a clear vision of where IoT was headed.