Resources and Development Batch 2023-24 Part 1

RATIONALISED SYLLABUS
BATCH 2023-24
RESOURCES AND
DEVELOPMENT
Chapter Progress
1 TYPES OF RESOURCES
2 DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES
3 RESOURCES PLANNING
MEANING OF RESOURCES
Resources refer to all the materials available in our

environment which help us to satisfy our needs,
provided, it is:
Technologically
accessible
Economically Culturally
feasible acceptable
The process of transformation
of things available in our
environment involves an
interactive relationship
between nature, technology
and institutions.
Physical
Environment
(Nature)
Human
Beings
Technology Institutions
Resources are a function of human activities. Human beings

themselves are essential components of resources. They
transform material available in our environment into
resources and use them. Human beings interact with nature
through technology and create institutions to accelerate
their economic growth.
DEVELOPMENT
OF
RESOURCES
Resources are vital for human survival as well
as for maintaining the quality of life. It was
believed that resources are free gifts of
nature. As a result, human beings used them
indiscriminately and this has led to the
following major problems.
• Depletion of resources for satisfying the

greed of a few individuals.
• Accumulation of resources in few hands,

which, in turn, divided the society into two
segments i.e. haves and have nots or rich and
poor.
• Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has

led to global ecological crises such as, global
warming, ozone layer depletion,
environmental pollution and land
degradation.
An equitable distribution of resources has
become essential for a sustained quality
of life and global peace.
If the present trend of resource depletion

by a few individuals and countries
continues, the future of our planet is in
danger.
Therefore, resource planning is essential

for sustainable existence of all forms of
life. Sustainable existence is a component
of sustainable development.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
❖ Development should take place without

damaging the environment.
❖ Thus, development in the present should

not compromise with the needs of the
future generations.
❖ This can be achieved through proper

planning.
Rio De Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992
● First International Earth Summit was held in Rio

de Janeiro in Brazil, in June 1992, where more
than 100 heads of states met.
● The summit addressed the urgent problems of

environmental protection and socio- economic
development at the global level.
● The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on

Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity.
● The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest

Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving
Sustainable Development in the 21st century.
Agenda 21 is a non-binding
AGENDA 21
action plan of the United
Nations with regard to
Declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at United
sustainable development. Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro.
Aim- Achieving global sustainable development.
Objective- Combat environmental damage, poverty, disease

through global co-operation on common interests, mutual
needs and shared responsibilities.
Major objective- Every local government should draw its

own local Agenda 21.
RESOURCE PLANNING
Does India need
Resource
Planning? If yes,
then why?
Planning is the widely accepted strategy for
judicious use of resources. India has diversity in
availability of resources. There are some regions
which are self-sufficient in term of availability
and there are some regions which have acute
shortage of some vital resources.
★★ ForFor Example:
Example:
-The states
-The states ofof Jharkhand,
Jharkhand, Chattisgarh
Chattisgarh are
are
rich
rich in in minerals
minerals & coal
& coal but
but lack
lack
infrastructural development.
infrastructural development.
- Arunachal
- Arunachal Pradesh
Pradesh hashas abundance
abundance ofof water
water
resources
resources but
but lacks
lacks in in infrastructural
infrastructural
development.
development.
- Rajasthan
-The cold desertis of
very well endowed
Ladakh has very with
rich solar
and wind energy but lacks in water
cultural heritage but it is deficient in water,
resources. & some vital minerals.
infrastructure
-The cold desert

- Rajasthan is veryofwell
Ladakh
endowedis relatively
with solar
isolated
and from the
wind energy butrest of in
lacks thewater
country. It has
very rich
resources. cultural heritage but it is deficient
in water, infrastructure & some vital
minerals.
★ Thus, balanced resource planning at national
level is must.
★ Thus, balanced resource planning at
national, state, regional & local level is must.
RESOURCE PLANNING IN
INDIA
STEPS OF RESOURCE PLANNING
Identification and inventory of resources across the

regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping
and qualitative and quantitative estimation and
measurement of the resources.
Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate

technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing
resource development plans.
Matching the resource development plans with overall

national development plans.
Importance of Resource Planning
It helps to identify the various resources present in

1
different regions of the country.
Helps in the conservation of various non-renewable

2
resources.
3 Helps in keeping track of remaining resources.
4 Helps in reducing wastage of resources.

The availability of
resources also
requires 1. India made
corresponding efforts for
technology and achieving the goals
institutions for of resource
development. planning right from
the First Five Year
Plan.
There are many

regions in our 2. For development
3. Presence of
country that are of a region-
latest technology &
On the contrary rich in resources availability of
institutions are
there are some but these are resources is a
necessary for the
regions which have included in necessary
development.
a poor resource economically condition.
base but they are backward regions.
economically
developed.
COLONISATION & RESOURCES
● Main attraction for foreign invaders-

Colonies with rich resources.
● Higher level of technological development of

the colonising countries helped them to
exploit resources of other region & establish
their supremacy over the colonies.
● Thus, resources can contribute to

development only when they are
accompanied by appropriate technological
development and institutional changes.
India has experienced all this in different
phases of colonisation. Therefore, in India,
development, in general, and resource
development in particular does not only
involve the availability of resources, but
also the technology, quality of human
resources and the historical experiences of
the people.

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RATIONALISED SYLLABUS

Resources refer to all the materials available in our

Resources are a function of human activities. Human beings

• Depletion of resources for satisfying the

• Accumulation of resources in few hands,

• Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has

If the present trend of resource depletion

Therefore, resource planning is essential

❖ Development should take place without

❖ Thus, development in the present should

❖ This can be achieved through proper

● First International Earth Summit was held in Rio

● The summit addressed the urgent problems of

● The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on

● The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest

Aim- Achieving global sustainable development.

Objective- Combat environmental damage, poverty, disease

Major objective- Every local government should draw its

-The cold desert

Identiﬁcation and inventory of resources across the

Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate

Matching the resource development plans with overall

It helps to identify the various resources present in

Helps in the conservation of various non-renewable

3 Helps in keeping track of remaining resources.

4 Helps in reducing wastage of resources.

There are many

● Main attraction for foreign invaders-

● Higher level of technological development of

● Thus, resources can contribute to

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