6th New Mock Paper 2023

For Examiner’s use only
WARNING: This examination paper MUST be returned with

your answer book(s) at the end of the examination: Sect. Q. Mark
otherwise marks will be lost. Sect. A
Sect. B
STUDENT NAME ☛ Sect. C
SCHOOL ☛
TOTAL
TEACHER ☛
Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022
Biology
Section A and Section B
Higher Level
Time: 3 Hours
160 marks
Section C is supplied separately
You must return this examination booklet with the answer book
used to answer the questions in Section C
School Stamp
Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022 1 2022 1/20

Roisin Doyle
Instructions
Write your name, school’s name and
teacher’s name in the box on the front cover.
There are three sections in this examination.

Section A and
Section B are in
this examination
booklet. Section C
is in a separate
question paper.
This examination carries 400 marks in total.
It is recommended that you spend no

more than 30 minutes on Section A and
30 minutes on Section B, leaving 120
minutes for Section C.
Section A: Answer any five questions from this section.

Each question carries 20 marks.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this
examination booklet.
Section B: Answer any two questions from this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this
examination booklet.
Write your answers in blue or black pen. You may use pencil for
graphs and diagrams only.
You must return this examination booklet with the

answer book used to answer the questions in Section C.

Roisin Doyle
Section A
Answer any five questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1. Study the graph below and answer the following questions.
(a) Why do you think iron deficiency is common in women in the 12-49 year group?
(b) Choose one water soluble vitamin from the graph and indicate one good food source where it
may be found.
Vitamin:
Source:
(c) Give any one structural role and any one metabolic role of fat.
Structural role:
Metabolic role:
(d) Name any one mineral present in dissolved salts and state its function.
Mineral:
Function:
(e) Name the component of cells that is composed of phospholipids.
(f) State any two reasons water is needed in the body.
(i)
(ii)

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2. Photosynthesis is a two stage process by which green plants transform light energy into chemical energy.
(a) (i) Name the openings in the leaf that allow the entry of CO for photosynthesis.
(i) State a factor that influences the size of the diameter of these openings.
The second stage of photosynthesis is called the dark stage or light-independent stage.
(b) Where precisely in a plant does the dark stage of photosynthesis take place?
(c) Explain why the dark stage is described as an anabolic reaction
(d) Name the two particles transferred from NADPH to CO2 in the dark stage
1.
2.
(e) What is the fate of NADP+ produced in the dark stage?

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3.
(a) Explain the term “cell continuity”.
(b) What is the main function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
(c) Name the stage of mitosis in which the chromatin begins to condense.
(d) What name is given to the part of the cell cycle during which no cell division takes place?
(e) Towards the end of mitosis, in what type of cell does a cleavage furrow form?
(f) Name the group of disorders that arise if normal regulation of mitosis is lost.

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4. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false by placing a tick (✓) in the
appropriate box in each case.
True False
(a) Lipids are stored in red bone marrow.

(b) Red blood cells can undergo mitosis.
(c) The cell body is located next to the dendrite in a sensory
neuron.
(d) An ectotherm is an example of a germ layer.
(e) Ribose is the sugar found in ATP.
(f) Round, rod and spiral are all shapes of Monera.
(g) Two organisms of the same species living together is
known as symbiosis.

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5.
(a) In relation to cell diversity, define the following;
An organ:
An organ system:
(b) Name two organ systems found in animals.
1.
2.
(c) Explain the term “tissue culture”.
(d) Identify two factors necessary for successful tissue culturing.
1.
2.
(e) Give two applications of tissue culturing.
1.
2.

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6. Answer five of the following by completing the following statements. Place your answer in the
box provided.
(a) The amoeba gets rid of excess water through the .
(b) Removal of metabolic waste is known as .
(c) When conditions are unfavourable bacteria form an .
(d) The relationship between one hormone influencing the production of another hormone is
an example of a .
(e) The conversion of excess amino acids to urea in the liver is known as .
(f) Balance and co-ordination are controlled by the of the brain.

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7.
(a) The diagram shows the outline of the brain.
(i) Name the parts labelled A, B and D.
A B
(ii) What type of actions are controlled by C.
(iii) Indicate one way in which the brain is protected.
(iv) Distinguish between grey and white matter.
(v) Through which root do sensory neurons enter the spinal chord.

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Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Part (a) carries 6 marks and part (b) carries 24 marks in each question in this
section.
8.
(a) (i) In relation to ecological studies, what is a key?
________________________________________________________________________
(ii) What is meant by the term flora?
________________________________________________________________________
(b) Answer the questions below in relation to a named ecosystem that you studied.
Name of ecosystem. _______________________________________________________
(i) How did you invetigate an named abiotic factor in your ecosystem?
Abiotic factor. _________________________________________________________
How investiagted. ______________________________________________________
(ii) How did you estimate the numbers of a named animal in your ecosystem?
_____________________________________________________________________
(iii) List three pieces of equipment that may be used to colled animals in your ecosystem.
1. _____________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________
(c) Answer the following questions in relation to a series of experiments you conducted regarding
food biomolecules.
(i) Name a reducing sugar. __________________________________________________
(ii) Name the reagent(s) used to test for the presence of the named reducing sugar.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Fill in the table in relation to the test for a reducing sugar.
Initial colour of reagent Final colour of reagent Is heat required
(iii) Name the test or the reagents used to test far the presence of protein in food.
_______________________________________________________________________

Roisin Doyle
9.
(a) Yeast is used in the production of ethanol (alcohol) in a process called fermentation.
(i) Name the kingdom to which yeast belongs.
(ii) Yeast is a eukaryotic organism. Explain the underlined term.
(b) Answer the following in relation to an investigation to prepare and show the production
of ethanol using yeast
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you used.
(ii) Why did you sterilise all the glassware before the experiment?
(iii) Name the substrate you used in this experiment.
(iv) What products, other than ethanol, was formed during fermentation?
(v) How did you know when fermentation was finished?
(vi) How did you test for the presence of ethanol? Describe the result of this test if
ethanol is present.
Test:
Result:
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10.

Roisin Doyle
Do not write on this page
Section C of this paper is supplied separately
You must return this examination booklet with the answer book
used to answer the questions in Section C
Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination – Higher Level
Biology – Section A and Section B

Time: 3 hours

Roisin Doyle
For Examiner’s use only
WARNING: This examination paper MUST be returned with
your answer book(s) at the end of the examination: Sect. Q. Mark
otherwise marks will be lost. Sect. A
Sect. B
STUDENT NAME ☛ Sect. C
SCHOOL ☛
TOTAL
TEACHER ☛
Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023
Biology
Section C
Higher Level
Time: 3 Hours
240 marks
Sections A and B are supplied in a separate examination booklet
You must return the examination booklet for Sections A and B

with the answer book used to answer the questions in Section C

Roisin Doyle
Instructions
There are three sections in this examination.

Section A and Section B are in a separate examination booklet.
Section C is in this question paper.
This examination carries 400 marks in total.
It is recommended that you spend no more than 30 minutes on Section and 30

minutes on Section B, leaving 120 minutes for Section C.
Section C: Answer any four questions from this section.

Write your answers in the special answer book which the Superintendent will give you.
Do not write your answers to Section C on this question paper.
Write your answers in blue or black pen. You may use pencil for graphs and diagrams only.
You must return the examination booklet for Sections A and B with the answer book used to
answer the questions in Section C.

Roisin Doyle
Section C
Answer any four questions.
Write your answers in the special answer book.
11. (a) (i) The size of a population is controlled by a number of factors, two of which are
parasitism and symbiosis. Explain the difference between these two factors.
(ii) Give any one example of a parasite. (9)
(b) In the course of your ecological studies you investigated an ecosystem.

(i) Name this ecosystem.
(ii) Name any one organism present in this ecosystem.
(iii) Use the organism you have name in (ii) to explain the difference between the terms
habitat and niche.
(iv) If you were asked to record the types of plant and animal species present in the
ecosystem you named in (i), what type of survey would you carry out?
(v) Name any two abiotic factors that could influence the distribution of organisms in
the ecosystem named in (i). For any one of these factors state how it could
influence the distribution and the reason for the distribution. (27)
(c)
Oak Tree → Caterpillar → Blackbird → Hawk
(i) Draw and label a pyramid of number for the food chain.
(iii) What term is used to describe the shape of a pyramid.
(iv) Give one limitation which applies to use of a pyramid of numbers.
(v) Identify the secondary consumer in the pyramid of numbers drawn.
(vi) If a disease reduced the population of a secondary consumer referred to in (iv),
what would the likely effect be on population of primary and tertiary consumer?
(24)

Roisin Doyle
12.
(a) (i) What term is used to describe a group of organisms that produce fertile young after
interbreeding?
(ii) Explain the role of genes in the process of heredity.
(iii) The formation of what type of biomolecule is controlled by genes?
(9)
(b) (i) All human chromosomes have sections of DNA whose function is at present unknown.
What name is given to these sections?
(ii) Explain what is meant by the term DNA profiling.
(iii) During DNA profiling the DNA is cut into fragments. How are the fragments formed?
(iv) Once the fragments are obtained they are separated. What do scientist do with these
bands after they have been formed
(v) As part of your laboratory investigations you isolated DNA from a plant tissue.
1. Describe one step you carried out to release the DNA from the plant tissue.
2. Identify the reagent that was added at the end of the procedure to make the DNA
visible in the solution.
(vi) Give one application of DNA profiling.
(27)
(c) In tomato plants, the allele for purple stem (P) is dominant to that for green stem (p), while the
allele for cut leaf (C) is dominant to that for potato type leaf (c). The allele responsible for
controlling the traits are not linked.
(i) Explain the underlined term
(ii) What is the significance of the alleles not being linked?
(iii) Two purple stemmed plants with cut leaves were crossed, one of the plants is
homozygous for both traits, the other is heterozygous for both traits.
1. Write out all possible genotypes of the gametes produced by the heterozygous plant.
2. Write out all possible genotypes for the progeny for the above described cross.
3. What percentage of the offspring are homozygous for both traits?
4. What percentage of the offspring are homozygous for cut leaf only?
(24)

Roisin Doyle
13.
(a) (i) Explain the term selectively permeable.
(ii) Suggest an advantage to the cell of having a selectively permeable membrane.
(iii) Give a location within the cell that has a selectively permeable membrane.
(9)
(b) (i) Define osmosis.
(ii) 1. Name a method based on osmosis that is used to preserve food.
2. Briefly explain how it works.
(iii) Explain why osmosis has been described as a ‘special case of diffusion’.
(iv) For one named molecule, give the precise location in the human body at which it is
transported by:
1. diffusion.
2. Active transport.
(v) State the difference between active transport and other forms of transport across
biological membranes.
(27)
(c) (i) What do you understand by the term turgor in plant cells?
(ii) Name a feature of a plant cell that helps it to remain turgor for a considerable amount of
time.
(iii) What happens to plant if cells lose turgidity.
(iv) Suggest what may happen to an animal cell if it is subjected to the conditions that result
in a plant cell becoming turgid. Explain your answer.
(v) 1. Name the structure that Amoeba uses for osmoregulation.
2. Why does Amoeba need this structure to survive in freshwater environments?
(24)

Roisin Doyle
14.
(a) The dental formula of a dog is given as follows;
I 3/3; C1/1; P 4/4; M2/3;
(i) How many teeth does an adult dog have?
(ii) State the role of incisor teeth?
(iii) In what type of digestion do teeth play a role?
(9)
(b) (i) 1. The diagram opposite shows the movement of

food along the oesophagus. What name is given
to this process?
2. How does the body ensure that food enters the
oesophagus and not the the trachea?
3. What is the role of the sphincter muscle labelled
in the diagram?
(ii) The stomach wall is protected by a musosal barrier.
However, overuse of many common non-
prescription medication (e.g. aspirin and ibuprofen)
can lead to gradual erosion of this barrier. Give two
reasons this barrier is necessary.
(iii) When the partially digested ffood enters the duodenum bile is added to it. State;
1. The site of production of bile.
2. How it travels to its site of action.
3. Two reasons why it is necessary.
(iv) State the site of deamination within the digestive system.
(27)
(c) Most of the absorption of digested food takes please in the ileum.
(i) Identify the location of the ileum within the digestive system.
(ii) The ileum is approximately 2m long and has numerous infolding. Name these infolding
and explain why many of them contribute to absorption.
(iii) State another role of the ileum in addition to absorption.
(iv) Explain how productions of digestion travel to the liver where they are stored.
(24)

Roisin Doyle
15.
(a) Name three substances which together are used to immobilise enzymes in the laboratory in
school.
(9)
(b) (i) 1. Write a balanced equation to represent aerobic respiration.

2. Identify the type of metabolic reaction represented by respiration and explain your
answer.
(ii) Identify a source of the gas required for aerobic respiration
(iii) Answer the following questions in relation to stage 1 of respiration.
1. Where in the cell does stage 1 take place?
2. Name the product produced in stage 1
(iv) Stage 1 also occurs in the process of anaerobic respiraton, where in human muscle cells a
substance X and Y, is formed as an end product. While in plant and yeast cells substance Y
and Z are formed. Identify all three substances; X, Y and Z.
(27)
(c) Answer the following in relation to stage 2 of respiration.

(i) Where in the cell does stage 2 of respiration take place?
(ii) Stage 2 cannot commence without Stage 1 being completed. Provide an explanation for
this.
(iii) Name the substance that enters Krebs cycle.
(iv) Name three products of Krebs cycle.
(v) Describe the fate of the products of Krebs cycle.
(24)

Roisin Doyle
16. Answer two parts from (a), (b), (c), (d).
(b) The human body has developed a highly effective defence system to defend itself against various
forms of attack. This defence system may be divided into two categories; general and specific;
commonly known as our immune system.
(iii) Explain the term “immunity”
(iv) State two mechanisms by which the general defence system protects the body. In the
case of each mechanism you have named, indicate how it provides protection.
(v) Name the two types of lymphocytes and state the role of each.
(vi) Identify the type of immunity associated with a vaccination and explain your answer.
(vii) Give one example of passive immunity.
(c) The lungs are part of the excretory system.

(i) Describe the role of excretion in homeostasis.
(ii) Name the part of the brain that controls the inhalation mechanism.
(iii) State two structural feature of the alveoli that aid in gaseous exchange and explain how
they are of benefit.
(iv) Identify the process by which gaseous exchange occurs.
(v) Describe the sequence of events that cause the rib cage to move up and out during the
inhalation process.
(vi) Inhalation is an active process. Explain this statement.
(vii) Suggest one reason the breathing rate increases during exercise.
(d) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of the human female reproductive system.
(ii) On the diagram, indicate where each of the following occur;
1. Egg production
2. Fertilisation
3. Implantation
(iii) Outline the roles of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle.
(iv) Relating to human reproduction, outline the sequence of events which occur after the egg
has been fertilized until implantation occurs.
(e) The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.

(i) Distinguish between both types of glands. Include in your answer an example of each
apart from the one mentioned above.
(ii) Using your knowledge of the exocrine role of the pancreas state;
1. A substance produced.
2. The site of action of the substance produced.
3. The function of the substance produced.
(iii) Using your knowledge of the endocrine role of the pancreas state;
1. A substance produced.
2. The site of action of the substance produced.
3. The function of the substance produced.
(iv) Name a disorder of the nervous system and give a possible treatment for it.

Roisin Doyle
Roisin Doyle
Sections A and B are supplied in a separate examination booklet
You must return the examination booklet for Sections A and B
with the answer book used to answer the questions in Section C

Roisin Doyle

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For Examiner’s use only

WARNING: This examination paper MUST be returned with

STUDENT NAME ☛ Sect. C

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022

Section C is supplied separately

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022 1 2022 1/20

Write your name, school’s name and

teacher’s name in the box on the front cover.

There are three sections in this examination.

This examination carries 400 marks in total.

It is recommended that you spend no

Section A: Answer any five questions from this section.

Section B: Answer any two questions from this section.

You must return this examination booklet with the

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022 2 2022 2/20

1. Study the graph below and answer the following questions.

(e) Name the component of cells that is composed of phospholipids.

(f) State any two reasons water is needed in the body.

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022 3 2022 3/20

(c) Explain why the dark stage is described as an anabolic reaction

(e) What is the fate of NADP+ produced in the dark stage?

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022 4 2022 4/20

(b) What is the main function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2022 4 2022 4/20

(a) Lipids are stored in red bone marrow.

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 5 2022 5/20

(b) Name two organ systems found in animals.

(c) Explain the term “tissue culture”.

(d) Identify two factors necessary for successful tissue culturing.

(e) Give two applications of tissue culturing.

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 6 2022 6/20

(a) The amoeba gets rid of excess water through the .

(b) Removal of metabolic waste is known as .

(c) When conditions are unfavourable bacteria form an .

(f) Balance and co-ordination are controlled by the of the brain.

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 7 2022 7/20

(i) Name the parts labelled A, B and D.

(ii) What type of actions are controlled by C.

(iii) Indicate one way in which the brain is protected.

(iv) Distinguish between grey and white matter.

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 8 2022 8/20

Initial colour of reagent Final colour of reagent Is heat required

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 9 2022 9/20

(ii) Yeast is a eukaryotic organism. Explain the underlined term.

(iii) Name the substrate you used in this experiment.

(v) How did you know when fermentation was finished?

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 11 2022 11/20

Section C of this paper is supplied separately

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination – Higher Level

Biology – Section A and Section B

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 12 2022 12/20

STUDENT NAME ☛ Sect. C

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023

Sections A and B are supplied in a separate examination booklet

You must return the examination booklet for Sections A and B

Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2023 13 2022 13/20

There are three sections in this examination.

This examination carries 400 marks in total.

It is recommended that you spend no more than 30 minutes on Section and 30